WO2020116459A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020116459A1 WO2020116459A1 PCT/JP2019/047261 JP2019047261W WO2020116459A1 WO 2020116459 A1 WO2020116459 A1 WO 2020116459A1 JP 2019047261 W JP2019047261 W JP 2019047261W WO 2020116459 A1 WO2020116459 A1 WO 2020116459A1
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- 0 CC(N(*)C(C)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(N(*)C(C)=O)=O 0.000 description 6
- LBCZLAVMELJZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(C1(C)C(O2)=O)C(O3)=O)(C1C2=O)C3=O Chemical compound CC(C(C1(C)C(O2)=O)C(O3)=O)(C1C2=O)C3=O LBCZLAVMELJZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDYLNAGDVZQDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)C(CC1)CCN1c1ncc(C)cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(CC1)CCN1c1ncc(C)cc1 CDYLNAGDVZQDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXUDDWYULYBTAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)OC(N(CCc(cc1)ccc1N)Cc(cc1)ccc1N)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(N(CCc(cc1)ccc1N)Cc(cc1)ccc1N)=O UXUDDWYULYBTAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVULLAKRZSFIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)OC(NCc(cc(cc1)N)c1N)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(NCc(cc(cc1)N)c1N)=O SVULLAKRZSFIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYHPOVBFSQVZFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CN(CCOc1ncc(C)cc1)c1ncc(C)cc1)[O-] Chemical compound CC(CN(CCOc1ncc(C)cc1)c1ncc(C)cc1)[O-] DYHPOVBFSQVZFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQFZPCFVNOXJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(N(C)C(C)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(N(C)C(C)=O)=O ZNQFZPCFVNOXJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCUZGJBRTNOPSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(c(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(-c(cc2)ccc2N(C)c(cc2)ccc2N)[n]1C)c(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound CN(c(cc1)ccc1-c1ccc(-c(cc2)ccc2N(C)c(cc2)ccc2N)[n]1C)c(cc1)ccc1N NCUZGJBRTNOPSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNHPHEZTYHFZPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)cnc1N1CCC(COc2ncc(C)cc2)CC1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)cnc1N1CCC(COc2ncc(C)cc2)CC1 KNHPHEZTYHFZPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPFYQFQDBYJGEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)cnc1OCCOc(nc1)ccc1I Chemical compound Cc(cc1)cnc1OCCOc(nc1)ccc1I VPFYQFQDBYJGEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1N CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZHXKQKKEBXYRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1Nc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1Nc(cc1)ccc1N QZHXKQKKEBXYRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHDFKOSSEXYTJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1OCCOc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1OCCOc(cc1)ccc1N HHDFKOSSEXYTJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRZCNDIPIZYLSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(cc1)ccc1OCOc(cc1)ccc1N Chemical compound Nc(cc1)ccc1OCOc(cc1)ccc1N ZRZCNDIPIZYLSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc1ccc(Cc(cc2)ccc2N)cc1 Chemical compound Nc1ccc(Cc(cc2)ccc2N)cc1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYCECQIOXZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(C(C1C2C(O3)=O)C2C3=O)OC1=O Chemical compound O=C(C(C1C2C(O3)=O)C2C3=O)OC1=O YGYCECQIOXZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILOCNLYUKFZVBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(C(CC12)C(C(C3)C(O4)=O)C1C3C4=O)OC2=O Chemical compound O=C(C(CC12)C(C(C3)C(O4)=O)C1C3C4=O)OC2=O ILOCNLYUKFZVBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKDNYTOXBCRNPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(c(c1c2)ccc2-c(cc2)cc(C(O3)=O)c2C3=O)OC1=O Chemical compound O=C(c(c1c2)ccc2-c(cc2)cc(C(O3)=O)c2C3=O)OC1=O WKDNYTOXBCRNPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal display device using the same.
- liquid crystal devices have been widely used as display units for personal computers, smartphones, mobile phones, televisions, and the like.
- the liquid crystal device includes, for example, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between an element substrate and a color filter substrate, a pixel electrode and a common electrode that apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, an alignment film that controls the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, and a pixel.
- a thin film transistor (TFT) for switching an electric signal supplied to the electrode is provided.
- Known driving methods of liquid crystal molecules include a vertical electric field method such as a TN method and a VA method, and a lateral electric field method such as an IPS method and a fringe field switching (hereinafter, FFS) method.
- the most widely used liquid crystal alignment film in the industry is to coat the surface of a film made of polyamic acid and/or polyimide imidized on an electrode substrate with a cloth such as cotton, nylon or polyester. It is manufactured by rubbing in one direction, that is, a so-called rubbing treatment.
- the rubbing treatment is an industrially useful method that is simple and excellent in productivity.
- scratches on the surface of the alignment film generated by rubbing treatment, dust generation, the influence of mechanical force and static electricity Various problems such as non-uniformity have become clear.
- a photoalignment method As a liquid crystal alignment treatment method that replaces the rubbing treatment, a photoalignment method is known, which imparts liquid crystal alignment ability by irradiating polarized radiation.
- a method utilizing a photoisomerization reaction, a method utilizing a photocrosslinking reaction, a method utilizing a photodecomposition reaction, etc. have been proposed (see Non-Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1). ..
- the liquid crystal alignment film which is a component of the liquid crystal display element, is a film for uniformly aligning the liquid crystals, but various characteristics are required in addition to the alignment uniformity of the liquid crystals. For example, charges are accumulated in the liquid crystal alignment film due to the voltage for driving the liquid crystal, and the display is affected as an afterimage or image sticking (hereinafter referred to as an afterimage due to residual DC), which significantly deteriorates the display quality of the liquid crystal display element. Therefore, a liquid crystal aligning agent that overcomes these problems has been proposed (see Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 3 discloses a specific liquid crystal aligning agent.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a liquid crystal aligning agent having good adhesiveness with the sealant while maintaining the liquid crystal alignment. There is.
- the twist angle slightly varies within the surface of the liquid crystal display element due to manufacturing variations and the like. Then, due to such in-plane variation, the brightness at the time of black display in the liquid crystal display element varies in the plane. Further, the demand for higher definition for liquid crystal display elements is further increasing, and it is becoming more important than ever to exhibit good display quality.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and exhibits good resistance to an afterimage of AC or an afterimage of residual DC and exhibits good adhesion with a sealant, and a liquid crystal alignment film and black display.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent capable of obtaining a liquid crystal display device having excellent contrast characteristics, in which variation in brightness within the plane is suppressed.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising the following component (A) and component (B).
- Component (A) A polymer (A) having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1).
- Component (B) A polymer (B) containing a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3).
- R 1 to R 4 each independently contain a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom.
- Y 1 is represented by the following formula (H): It represents a divalent organic group having a partial structure represented.)
- Q 3 is a structure represented by —(CH 2 ) n — (provided that n is an integer of 2 to 20 and arbitrary —CH 2 — may be replaced with —O—. (Oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other.) Any hydrogen atom on the two benzene rings may be replaced with a monovalent organic group.
- R 30 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- Z 31 and Z 32 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, An alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, or a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group, Represents.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal aligning film having good adhesion to the sealant. Further, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element which is less likely to cause an afterimage due to residual DC and an AC afterimage, and has excellent contrast in which variation in brightness in a plane during black display is suppressed.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a polymer (A) having a repeating unit represented by the above formula (1). With such a structure, a liquid crystal alignment film with less generation of AC afterimage can be obtained, and a liquid crystal display device with excellent contrast can be obtained.
- X 2 , Y 1 , Y 2 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are as defined above.
- the tetravalent organic group represented by X 2 in the formula (1) is preferably a tetravalent organic group having a 5- to 8-membered alicyclic structure, and a 4-valent alicyclic structure having a 5- to 7-membered alicyclic structure. More preferably, it is a valent organic group.
- the alicyclic structure to which the imide group is bonded is a polycyclic structure
- the alicyclic structure having five or more membered rings means the number of atoms constituting the ring in each ring included in the polycyclic structure. Indicates that all are 5 or more.
- the alicyclic structure may be bonded to at least one of the two imide groups, and may have a chain hydrocarbon structure or an aromatic ring structure together with the alicyclic structure.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 4 include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, s-butyl group, Examples thereof include t-butyl group and n-pentyl group.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 4 include a vinyl group, a propenyl group, a butynyl group and the like, which may be linear or branched.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms in R 1 to R 4 include ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group and the like.
- halogen atom in R 1 to R 4 include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- monovalent organic group containing a fluorine atom having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a fluoromethyl group and a trifluoromethyl group.
- R 1 to R 4 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and at least one of R 1 to R 4 is preferably a methyl group, and more preferably at least one of R 1 to R 4 .
- Two is preferably a methyl group. More preferred is when R 1 and R 3 are methyl groups and R 2 and R 4 are hydrogen atoms.
- the monovalent organic group in the formula (H) include a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom.
- Examples thereof include monovalent organic groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include the structures exemplified for R 1 to R 4 .
- a partial structure represented by any of the following formulas (H-1) to (H-6) can be mentioned from the viewpoint of less generation of AC afterimage.
- a divalent organic group represented by any of the following formulas (h-1) to (h-7) is preferable from the viewpoint of less generation of an AC afterimage. Can be mentioned.
- the polymer (A) preferably further has a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2).
- X 2 is a tetravalent organic group having a 5- or more-membered alicyclic structure.
- Y 2 is a divalent organic group having a partial structure represented by the above formula (H).
- the tetravalent organic group represented by X 2 in the formula (2) is preferably a tetravalent organic group having a 5- to 8-membered alicyclic structure and 4 having a 5- to 7-membered alicyclic structure. More preferably, it is a valent organic group.
- the alicyclic structure to which the imide group is bonded is a polycyclic structure
- the alicyclic structure having five or more membered rings means the number of atoms constituting the ring in each ring included in the polycyclic structure. Indicates that all are 5 or more.
- the alicyclic structure may be bonded to at least one of the two imide groups, and may have a chain hydrocarbon structure or an aromatic ring structure together with the alicyclic structure.
- X 2 include tetravalent organic groups represented by any of the following formulas (X2-1) to (X2-12). (X2-1) to (X2-4) are more preferable from the viewpoint of less occurrence of AC afterimage and enhancing the contrast of the liquid crystal display element.
- the polymer (A) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a repeating unit represented by the following formula (4) and a repeating unit represented by the following formula (5), from the viewpoint of enhancing the contrast of a liquid crystal display device. It may further have a repeating unit of.
- R 41 to R 44 in the formulas (4) and (5) have the same meanings as R 1 to R 4 in the formula (1), including preferred specific examples.
- X 5 in formula (5) has the same meaning as X 2 in formula (2).
- Y 4 and Y 5 represent a divalent organic group represented by the following formula (I).
- Q represents a single bond or an oxygen atom
- n represents 0 to 2.
- Any hydrogen atom on the benzene ring may be replaced with a monovalent organic group, and as such a monovalent organic group, the structures exemplified in the specific examples of the monovalent organic group in the above formula (H) can be used. Is mentioned.
- the polymer (A) is at least 1 selected from the group consisting of a repeating unit represented by the following formula (6) and a repeating unit represented by the following formula (7), from the viewpoint of enhancing the adhesiveness with a sealant. You may further have a repeating unit of a kind.
- R 61 to R 64 have the same meanings as R 1 to R 4 in the formula (1) including preferable specific examples, and Y 6 and Y 7 are independently the following formula (J-1).
- X 7 in. equation (7) represents a divalent organic group represented by X 2 in the formula (2) Is synonymous with.
- Q 5 is a single bond, —(CH 2 ) n — (n is an integer of 1 to 20) or —(CH 2 ) n —. , - - -O under conditions which are not adjacent each - -CH 2 of COO -, - OCO -, - NQ 9 -, - NQ 9 CO -, - CONQ 9 -, - NQ 9 CONQ 10 -, - NQ 9 COO- and -OCOO- are substituted groups, and Q 9 and Q 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group; Q 6 and Q 7 each independently represent a group having —H, —NHD, —N(D) 2 , —NHD, or a group having —N(D) 2 .
- Q 8 represents a group having —NHD, —N(D) 2 , and —NHD, and a group having —N(D) 2 .
- D represents a carbamate-based protecting group, and examples of the carbamate-based protecting group include a tert-butoxycarbonyl group and a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group.
- at least one of Q 5 , Q 6 and Q 7 has a carbamate-based protecting group in the group.
- *1 represents a bond.
- Preferred specific examples of Y 6 and Y 7 are represented by any of the following formulas (J-1-a) to (J-1-d) and (J-2-1) from the viewpoint of less AC afterimage. And a divalent organic group.
- “Boc” represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- the polymer (A) is represented by the repeating unit represented by the above formula (1), the repeating unit represented by the above formula (2), the repeating unit represented by the above formula (4), and the above formula (5).
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (PI-A-1) and (PA) may have at least a repeating unit selected from the group consisting of repeating units represented by -1).
- X I1 represents a tetravalent organic group
- Y I1 represents a divalent organic group
- X I1 has the same meaning as a tetravalent organic group represented by the following formula (g) or X 2 in the above formula (2)
- Y I1 represents a partial structure represented by the above formula (H).
- a divalent organic group having, a divalent organic group represented by the formula (I), a divalent organic group having a partial structure represented by the formula (J-1), the formula (J-2) Represents a structure other than the divalent organic group represented by.
- Examples of X I1 include a tetravalent organic group represented by the following formula (g), a tetravalent organic group exemplified as X 2 in the above formula (2), and the following formulas (X I1 ⁇ 1) to (X And a tetravalent organic group represented by any one of I1-13) and a tetravalent organic group derived from an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- R 1, R 2, R 3 , R 4 have the same meaning as R 1, R 2, R 3 , R 4 in the formula (1).
- the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of a carboxyl group bonded to an aromatic ring such as a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring.
- an aromatic ring such as a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring.
- Specific examples include a tetravalent organic group represented by any of the following formulas (X3-1) to (X3-2) and a tetravalent organic group represented by any of the following formulas (Xr-1) to (Xr-7).
- the tetravalent organic group can be mentioned.
- X and y are each independently a single bond, ether (-O-), carbonyl (-CO-), ester (-COO-), alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 1,4-phenylene, A sulfonyl group or an amide group, j and k each independently represent an integer of 0 or 1. * represents a bond.
- divalent organic group represented by Y I1 examples include a divalent organic group having a partial structure represented by formula (H), and a divalent organic group represented by formula (I).
- divalent organic group represented by the formula (J-1) the divalent organic group having a partial structure represented by the formula (J-1)
- divalent organic group represented by the formula (J-2) Divalent organic groups represented by (o-1) to (o-23), groups represented by any of the formulas (Y-1) to (Y-167) described in International Publication No. 2018/117239. Etc.
- X A1 represents a tetravalent organic group
- Y A1 represents a divalent organic group.
- Specific examples of X A1 include the structures exemplified by X I1 of the above formula (PI-A-1), and specific examples of Y A1 include Y I1 of the above formula (PI-A-1). The structure can be mentioned.
- R A1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- Z A11 and Z A12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 1 which may have a substituent.
- alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms of R A1 include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group. Group, n-pentyl group and the like. From the viewpoint of ease of imidization by heating, R 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms of Z A11 and Z A12 include, in addition to the specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms exemplified for R 1 , a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group. , Nonyl group, decyl group and the like.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms of Z A11 and Z A12 include a vinyl group, a propenyl group, a butynyl group and the like, and these may be linear or branched.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms of Z A11 and Z A12 include ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group and the like.
- Z A11 and Z A12 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc.), a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an alkoxy group and the like. Be done.
- a halogen atom fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc.
- a hydroxyl group a cyano group, an alkoxy group and the like. Be done.
- the polymer (A) has a repeating unit represented by the above formula (1) and a repeating unit represented by the above formula (2) in an amount of 1 to 95 mol% of all repeating units. It is preferable to include.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a polymer (B) having a repeating unit represented by the above formula (3).
- the heat resistance of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film can be enhanced, so that a liquid crystal alignment film with less AC afterimage can be obtained and variation in twist angle in the plane that occurs during manufacturing can be suppressed.
- a liquid crystal display device having excellent contrast can be obtained.
- X 3 , Y 3 , R 30 , Z 31 , and Z 32 are as defined above.
- each R 30 is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms examples include Z A1 of the above formula (PA-1), The structure etc. which were illustrated by ZA2 are mentioned.
- Z 31 and Z 32 may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include the structures exemplified as Z A1 and Z A2 in the above formula (PA-1).
- Z 31 and Z 32 are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- a divalent organic group selected from the following formulas (Y3-1) to (Y3-2) may be used from the viewpoint of less AC afterimage.
- X 3 is preferably a tetravalent organic group represented by the above formula (X3-1) or (X3-2), from the viewpoint of less AC afterimage.
- X3-1) or (X3-2) more preferable specific examples are the structures represented by any of the following formulas (X3-3) to (X3-19). Is mentioned.
- the polymer (B) is represented by the repeating unit represented by the following formula (8) and the following formula (9) from the viewpoint of enhancing the seal adhesion of the liquid crystal alignment film and reducing the residual image derived from residual DC. It may have at least one type of repeating unit selected from the group consisting of repeating units.
- X 8 is a tetravalent organic group having an alicyclic structure having 5 or more membered rings, and has the same meaning as X 2 in the above formula (2) including a preferred embodiment.
- X 9 is a 5 or more membered ring. Which is a tetravalent organic group having an alicyclic structure or a tetravalent organic group derived from an aromatic acid dianhydride, and is a preferred embodiment with X 2 of the formula (2) or X 3 of the formula (3).
- Y 8 has the same meaning as Y 3 in the above formula (3), and Y 9 represents a divalent organic compound having a partial structure represented by the following formula (n-1) or (n-2).
- Z 81 , Z 82 , Z 91 , and Z 92 have the same meanings as Z 31 and Z 32 of the formula (3), respectively, and R 8 and R 9 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1.
- R 8 and R 9 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a carbon number of 1.
- Q 1 and Q 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- divalent organic group having the partial structure represented by the above formula (n-1) or (n-2) include, for example, the following formulas (ND-1-2) and (ND-2-1).
- the structure represented by any one of to (ND-2-3) and (ND-5) is mentioned.
- R 21 and R 22 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Q 22 independently represents a single bond, or *1-R 23 -Ph-*2, R 23 represents a single bond, -O Represents a divalent organic group selected from —, —COO—, —OCO—, —(CH 2 ) l —, —O(CH 2 ) m O—, —CONH—, and —NHCO— (l, m Represents an integer of 1 to 5), *1 represents a site bonded to a benzene ring in formula (ND-1-2), and *2 bonds to an amino group in formula (ND-1-2). Represents a moiety, Ph represents a phenylene group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3.)
- R 21 and R 22 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 24's each independently represent a single bond or the structure of formula (Ar) below, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3. * Represents a bond.
- any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring may be substituted with a monovalent organic group such as a methyl group, a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc.).
- R 25 is selected from a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —(CH 2 ) l —, —O(CH 2 ) m O—, —CONR—, and —NRCO—.
- k represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- *1 and *2 represent a bond, and *1 bonds to the benzene ring in formulas (ND-2-1) to (ND-2-3).
- R 51 and R 52 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- a 5 is a single bond or a divalent group such as —O—, —(CH 2 ) n — (n is an integer of 1 to 4). Represents the organic group of.)
- formula (ND-1-2) include structures represented by any of the following formulas (n1-9) to (n1-14).
- Preferred specific examples of the formulas (ND-2-1) to (ND-2-3) include structures represented by any of the following formulas (n2-1) to (n2-6).
- Preferred specific examples of the formula (ND-5) include structures represented by any of the following formulas (n5-1) to (n5-8).
- the polymer (B) has the following formula (PA-) in addition to the repeating unit represented by the above formula (3), the repeating unit represented by the above formula (8), and the repeating unit represented by the above formula (9). It may have a repeating unit represented by 2).
- X A2 represents a tetravalent organic group
- Y A2 represents a divalent organic group.
- X A2 is the same meaning as X 9 in formula (9)
- Y A2 is the bivalent organic group or the above formula having a partial structure represented by formula (m) (n-1) or It represents a structure other than the divalent organic group having the partial structure represented by (n-2).
- R A2 has the same meaning as R 3 of the formula (3) including preferred embodiments
- Z A21 and Z A22 have the same meaning as Z 31 and Z 32 of the formula (3) including preferred embodiments.
- X A2 examples include an aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and an alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, in addition to the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride exemplified as X 3 in the above formula (3). And a tetravalent organic group.
- Y A2 include a divalent organic group having a partial structure represented by the formula (m) or a divalent organic group having a partial structure represented by the formula (n-1) or (n-2).
- the pyrrole structure described in WO2017/126627 is added to a divalent organic group, preferably a divalent organic group represented by the following formula (pr), in International Publication WO2018/092759.
- a divalent organic group having a thiophene or furan structure 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol , 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid or 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, and a carboxyl group such as a diamine compound represented by the following formula [3b-1] to [3b-4]
- a divalent organic group obtained by removing two amino groups from a diamine a divalent organic group having —NH—CO—NH— in the molecule of the following formulas (U-1) to (U-9), etc. Examples thereof include the divalent organic groups described in paragraphs [0013] to [0030] of Published Publication WO2018-181566.
- R 81 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 82 each independently represents a single bond or a group “*1-R 83 —Ph-*2”
- R 83 represents a single bond
- l , M represents an integer of 1 to 5
- *1 represents a site bonded to the benzene ring in the formula (pr)
- *2 represents a site bonded to the nitrogen atom in the formula (PA-2).
- Ph represents a phenylene group.
- n represents 1 to 3.
- a 1 is a single bond, —CH 2 —, —C 2 H 4 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, —CF 2 —, —C(CF 3 ) 2 —, — O -, - CO -, - NH -, - N (CH 3) -, - CONH -, - NHCO -, - CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - CON (CH 3 )- or N(CH 3 )CO—, m 1 and m 2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4, and m 1 +m 2 represents an integer of 1 to 4 and is represented by the formula [3b -2], m 3 and m 4 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 5, and in the formula [3b-3], A 2 represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, m 5 represents an integer of 1 to
- the polymer (B) of the present invention preferably contains the repeating unit represented by the above formula (3) in an amount of 30 to 100 mol% based on all repeating units of the polymer (B). Alternatively, it is preferably 40 to 100 mol %, or preferably 50 to 100 mol %.
- the orientation ratio between the polymer (A) and the polymer (B) is 5/95 in terms of the polymer (A)/polymer (B) mass ratio. It is preferably from 95/5.
- the alignment ratio of the polymer (A) and the polymer (B) is 10/in the mass ratio of polymer (A)/polymer (B). 90 to 90/10 is more preferable, and 20/80 to 80/20 is still more preferable.
- the polyimide precursor polyamic acid ester, polyamic acid and polyimide used in the present invention can be synthesized by a known method as described in, for example, International Publication WO 2013/157586.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a polymer (A) and a polymer (B).
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain other polymer in addition to the polymer (A) and the polymer (B).
- Other types of polymers include polyamic acid, polyimide, polyamic acid ester, polyester, polyamide, polyurea, polyorganosiloxane, cellulose derivative, polyacetal, polystyrene or its derivative, poly(styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivative, poly(meth) ) Acrylate etc. can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent is used for producing a liquid crystal aligning film, and takes the form of a coating liquid from the viewpoint of forming a uniform thin film.
- a coating liquid containing the above-mentioned polymer component and an organic solvent is preferable.
- the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed. From the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, 1% by mass or more is preferable, and from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, 10% by mass or less is preferable.
- a particularly preferable polymer concentration is 2 to 8% by mass.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited as long as the polymer component is uniformly dissolved therein.
- Specific examples thereof include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone and 1,3-dimethyl.
- good solvent 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide
- good solvent 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide or ⁇ -butyrolactone can be used.
- the good solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 20 to 99% by mass, more preferably 20 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 80% by mass based on the whole solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. Is.
- a solvent also referred to as a poor solvent
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent a solvent (also referred to as a poor solvent) is used in addition to the solvent as described above, which improves the coating properties when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent and the surface smoothness of the coating film. It is preferable to use the mixed solvent described above. Specific examples of the organic solvent used in combination are shown below, but the invention is not limited to these examples.
- diisobutyl carbinol propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene Glycol monobutyl ether acetate or diisobutyl ketone is preferred.
- Preferred solvent combinations of a good solvent and a poor solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ⁇ -butyrolactone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and N-methyl-2-.
- the amount of the poor solvent is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, and particularly preferably 20 to 70% by mass, based on the whole solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the type and content of such a solvent are appropriately selected depending on the application device of the liquid crystal alignment agent, the application conditions, the application environment, and the like.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may additionally contain components other than the polymer component and the organic solvent.
- additional components include an adhesion aid for increasing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate and the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealing material, and a compound (crosslinking compound) for increasing the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a dielectric or a conductive substance for adjusting the dielectric constant or electric resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the crosslinkable compound includes an oxiranyl group, an oxetanyl group, a protected isocyanate group, a protected isothiocyanate group, a group containing an oxazoline ring structure, and a Meldrum's acid structure, from the viewpoint of less generation of an AC afterimage and a high effect of improving film strength.
- a compound having a group, a cyclocarbonate group, a group represented by the following formula (d), or a compound represented by the following formula (e) (these are generically referred to as compound (C)) is preferable.
- R 71 , R 72, and R 73 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or *—CH 2 —OH. * Indicates a bond.
- A represents a (m+n)-valent organic group having an aromatic ring.
- m represents an integer of 1 to 6
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- the compound having an oxiranyl group include, for example, the compound described in paragraph [0037] of JP-A-10-338880 and the compound having a triazine ring in the skeleton described in WO2017/170483. And a compound having two or more oxiranyl groups.
- the compound having an oxetanyl group include, for example, the compounds having two or more oxetanyl groups described in paragraphs [0170] to [0175] of International Publication WO2011/132571.
- the compound having a protected isocyanate group include, for example, compounds having two or more protected isocyanate groups described in paragraphs [0046] to [0047] of JP-A-2014-224978, International Publication WO 2015/ Examples thereof include the compounds having three or more protected isocyanate groups described in paragraphs [0119] to [0120] of No. 141598. Of these, compounds represented by any of the following formulas (bi-1) to (bi-3) are preferable.
- Specific examples of the compound having a protected isothiocyanate group include compounds having two or more protected isothiocyanate groups described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-200798.
- Specific examples of the compound having a group containing an oxazoline ring structure include the compounds containing two or more oxazoline structures described in paragraph [0115] of JP-A-2007-2866597.
- Specific examples of the compound having a group containing Meldrum's acid structure include compounds having two or more Meldrum's acid structures described in International Publication WO2012/091088.
- Specific examples of the compound having a cyclocarbonate group include the compounds described in International Publication WO2011/155557.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which is R 71 , R 72 and R 73 in the formula (d) include a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group.
- the compound having a group represented by the formula (d) include, for example, the formula (B) described in International Publication WO2015/072554 and paragraph [0058] of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-118753.
- Examples thereof include compounds having two or more groups represented by d), compounds described in JP-A-2016-200798, and the like.
- compounds represented by any of the following formulas (hd-1) to (hd-8) are preferable.
- Examples of the (m+n)-valent organic group having an aromatic ring in A of the formula (e) include (m+n)-valent aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 5 to 30 carbon atoms and aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 5 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a (m+n)-valent organic group in which is bonded directly or via a linking group, and a (m+n)-valent group having an aromatic heterocycle. Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include benzene and naphthalene.
- Examples of the aromatic heterocycle include pyrrole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring, carbazole ring, pyridazine ring, pyrazine ring, benzimidazole ring, benzimidazole ring, indole ring, quinoxaline. Ring, acridine ring and the like.
- Examples of the linking group include an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the alkylene group, a divalent or trivalent cyclohexane ring, and the like.
- any hydrogen atom of the alkylene group may be substituted with a fluorine atom or an organic group such as a trifluoromethyl group.
- Specific examples include the compounds described in International Publication WO2010/074269.
- Preferred specific examples include any of the following formulas (e-1) to (e-9).
- crosslinkable compound examples are not limited to these.
- components other than those disclosed in [0105] to [0116] of WO 2015/060357 may be mentioned.
- the crosslinkable compounds may be used in combination of two or more kinds.
- the content of the crosslinkable compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the desired effect is exhibited.
- the amount is more preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass from the viewpoint of less generation of AC afterimage.
- adhesion aid examples include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N -(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N -Ethoxycarbonyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-triethoxysilylpropyltriethylenetriamine, N-trimethoxysilylpropyltriethylenetriamine,
- the amount used is 0.1 to 30 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, from the viewpoint of less generation of AC afterimage.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass.
- the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film using the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention comprises a step of applying the above liquid crystal alignment agent (step (A)), heating the coating film of the liquid crystal alignment agent obtained in the step (A).
- step (B) a step of irradiating the film obtained in step (B) with polarized ultraviolet light (step (C)), and more preferably a film obtained in step (C) Is baked at a temperature of 100° C. or higher and a temperature higher than that of the step (B) (the step (D) is included.
- the substrate to which the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used together with a glass substrate or a silicon nitride substrate. .. At that time, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is formed, from the viewpoint of simplifying the process. Further, in the reflection type liquid crystal display element, an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used if only one substrate is used, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used for the electrode.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, a method such as screen printing, offset printing, flexo printing, or inkjet method is generally used. Other coating methods include a dip method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method or a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
- the step (B) is a step of baking the liquid crystal aligning agent applied on the substrate to form a film.
- the solvent is evaporated or the amic acid or amic acid ester in the polymer is heated by a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven or an IR (infrared) type oven. It can be imidized.
- the drying and firing steps after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be performed at any temperature and time and may be performed a plurality of times.
- the temperature for removing the organic solvent of the liquid crystal aligning agent can be, for example, in the temperature range of 40 to 150°C.
- the firing time is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include 1 to 10 minutes or 1 to 5 minutes.
- a step of baking at a temperature range of 190 to 250° C. or 200 to 240° C. can be performed after the step of removing the organic solvent. ..
- the firing time is not particularly limited, but may be 5 to 40 minutes, or 5 to 30 minutes.
- Step (C) is a step of irradiating the film obtained in step (B) with polarized ultraviolet light.
- the ultraviolet rays ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm are preferably used, and among them, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 200 to 300 nm are more preferable.
- the substrate coated with the liquid crystal alignment film may be irradiated with ultraviolet rays while being heated at 50 to 250°C.
- the irradiation dose of the radiation is preferably 1 to 10,000 mJ/cm 2 . Among them, 100 to 5,000 mJ/cm 2 is preferable.
- the liquid crystal alignment film thus produced can stably align liquid crystal molecules in a certain direction.
- the extinction ratio of linearly polarized ultraviolet light is preferably 10:1 or more, more preferably 20:1 or more.
- Step (D) is a step of firing the film obtained in step (C) at a temperature of 100° C. or higher and a temperature higher than that of step (B).
- the firing temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is 100° C. or higher and higher than the firing temperature in the step (B), but is preferably 150 to 300° C., more preferably 150 to 250° C., further preferably 200 to 250° C. ..
- the firing time is preferably 5 to 120 minutes, more preferably 5 to 60 minutes, and further preferably 5 to 30 minutes. If the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after firing is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may decrease, so that the thickness is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the obtained liquid crystal alignment film may be subjected to contact treatment with water or a solvent.
- the solvent used in the above contact treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that dissolves the decomposition product generated from the liquid crystal alignment film by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
- water, 2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol or ethyl lactate is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and solvent safety. More preferred is water, 1-methoxy-2-propanol or ethyl lactate. You may use a solvent in combination of 2 or more types.
- immersion treatment or spray treatment also referred to as spray treatment
- the treatment time in these treatments is preferably 10 seconds to 1 hour from the viewpoint of efficiently dissolving the decomposition product generated from the liquid crystal alignment film by ultraviolet rays. Above all, it is preferable to perform the immersion treatment for 1 to 30 minutes.
- the solvent used in the contact treatment may be at room temperature or may be heated, but is preferably 10 to 80°C. Above all, 20 to 50° C. is preferable.
- ultrasonic treatment may be performed as necessary.
- rinsing also referred to as rinsing
- a low boiling point solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone or methyl ethyl ketone
- baking either one of rinsing and baking may be performed, or both may be performed.
- the firing temperature is preferably 150 to 300°C. Of these, 180 to 250° C. is preferable. More preferably, it is 200 to 230°C.
- the firing time is preferably 10 seconds to 30 minutes. Of these, 1 to 10 minutes is preferable.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is suitable as a liquid crystal alignment film of a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device such as an IPS system or an FFS system, and is particularly useful as a liquid crystal alignment film of an FFS system liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display device is obtained by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, producing a liquid crystal cell by a known method, and using the liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display element having a passive matrix structure will be described as an example.
- a liquid crystal display element having an active matrix structure in which a switching element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) is provided in each pixel portion that constitutes image display may be used.
- TFT Thin Film Transistor
- a transparent glass substrate is prepared, a common electrode is provided on one substrate, and a segment electrode is provided on the other substrate.
- These electrodes can be, for example, ITO electrodes and are patterned so that a desired image can be displayed.
- an insulating film is provided on each substrate so as to cover the common electrodes and the segment electrodes.
- the insulating film can be, for example, a SiO 2 —TiO 2 film formed by a sol-gel method.
- a liquid crystal alignment film is formed on each substrate, one substrate is overlaid with the other substrate so that their liquid crystal alignment film surfaces face each other, and the periphery is bonded with a sealant.
- a spacer is usually mixed in the sealant in order to control the substrate gap, and spacers for controlling the substrate gap are also scattered on the in-plane portion where the sealant is not provided.
- An opening that can be filled with liquid crystal from the outside is provided in part of the sealant.
- a liquid crystal material is injected into the space surrounded by the two substrates and the sealing agent through the opening provided in the sealing agent, and then the opening is sealed with an adhesive.
- a vacuum injection method may be used, or a method utilizing a capillary phenomenon in the atmosphere may be used.
- the liquid crystal material either a positive type liquid crystal material or a negative type liquid crystal material may be used.
- a polarizing plate is installed. Specifically, a pair of polarizing plates are attached to the surfaces of the two substrates opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention as described above, it is possible to suppress the afterimage caused by long-term AC driving that occurs in the liquid crystal display element of the IPS driving method or the FFS driving method.
- the organic solvent is removed in the temperature range of 40 to 150° C., and then the step (C) is carried out, so that the liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained in a smaller number of steps than in the past.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is particularly preferably used in the method for producing a liquid crystal aligning film, which includes the step of carrying out step (C) after removing the organic solvent in the temperature range of 40 to 150° C. in step (B). You can
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention By using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention as described above, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal aligning film having a high seal adhesiveness with less generation of afterimages due to residual DC and AC afterimages. Further, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display element having excellent contrast in which variation in brightness in a plane during black display is suppressed, and a liquid crystal display element having good display quality can be obtained.
- This solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring device (JNW-ECA500, manufactured by JEOL Datum).
- JNW-ECA500 JNW-ECA500, manufactured by JEOL Datum
- Imidization rate (%) (1- ⁇ x/y) ⁇ 100
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of amic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is one NH group proton of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidization ratio is 0%). Is the ratio of the number of reference protons to.
- A represents component (A)
- B represents component (B)
- PI represents polyimide
- B-1 viscosity: 895 mPa ⁇ s
- a polyimide resin powder was obtained.
- the imidation ratio of this polyimide resin powder was 71%.
- 3.60 g of the obtained polyimide resin powder was placed in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask, 26.4 g of NMP was added so that the solid content concentration was 12%, and the mixture was stirred and stirred at 70° C. for 24 hours to dissolve the polyimide solution (A-1- PI) was obtained.
- Table 1 below shows the main points of the polyamic acid solution and the polyimide solution obtained in Synthesis Examples 1 to 5.
- the values in parentheses in Table 1 represent, for the tetracarboxylic acid component, the compounding ratio (mol part) of each compound to 100 mol parts of the total amount of the tetracarboxylic acid derivative used in the synthesis, and for the diamine acid component, The compounding ratio (mol part) of each compound to 100 mol parts of the total amount of diamines used in the synthesis is shown.
- the organic solvent the compounding ratio (parts by mass) of each organic solvent to the total amount of 100 parts by mass of the organic solvent used in the synthesis is shown.
- Example 1 3.67 g of the polyimide solution (A-1-PI) and 5.50 g of the polyamic acid solution (B-2) were weighed and put in a 20 ml sample tube containing a stirrer, and 0.50 g of NMP and 4. 90 g, 4.00 g of BCS, 1.10 g of GBL solution containing 1% by weight of S-1 and 0.33 g of NMP solution containing 10% by weight of C-1 were added, and the mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes for liquid crystal alignment. The agent (1) was obtained.
- Example 2 Into a 20 ml sample tube containing a stirrer, 3.00 g of the polyimide solution (A-1-PI) and 3.60 g of the polyamic acid solution (B-3) were weighed, and 0.63 g of NMP and 3. 60 g, 3.0 g of BCS, 0.90 g of GBL solution containing 1% by weight of S-1 and 0.27 g of NMP solution containing 10% by weight of C-1 were added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes with a magnetic stirrer for liquid crystal alignment. The agent (2) was obtained.
- A-1-PI polyimide solution
- B-3 polyamic acid solution
- Example 3 Into a 20 ml sample tube containing a stirrer, 3.00 g of the polyimide solution (A-1-PI) and 3.60 g of the polyamic acid solution (B-3) were weighed, and 0.63 g of NMP and 3. 60 g, 3.0 g of BCS, 0.90 g of GBL solution containing 1% by weight of S-1, 0.027 g of C-2, and 0.27 g of NMP solution containing 10% by weight of C-1 are magnetically added. The mixture was stirred with a stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (3).
- a 20 ml sample tube containing a stirrer weighs 3.00 g of the polyimide solution (A-1-PI) and 3.60 g of the polyamic acid solution (B-3), 0.45 g of NMP, and 3. 60 g, 3.0 g of BCS, 0.90 g of GBL solution containing 1% by weight of S-1, 0.027 g of C-2, and 0.45 g of NMP solution containing 10% by weight of C-1 are magnetically added.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (4) was obtained by stirring with a stirrer for 30 minutes.
- the numerical value in the parentheses in Table 2 is the blending ratio (parts by mass) of each polymer component or additive with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the polymer components used in the preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent for the polymer and the additive.
- Represent Regarding the organic solvent the compounding ratio (parts by mass) of each organic solvent to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the organic solvent used for preparing the liquid crystal aligning agent is shown.
- a substrate with electrodes was prepared.
- the substrate is a glass substrate having a size of 30 mm ⁇ 35 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm.
- an IZO electrode having a solid pattern, which constitutes a counter electrode as a first layer is formed on the substrate.
- a SiN (silicon nitride) film formed by the CVD method is formed as a second layer on the counter electrode of the first layer.
- the film thickness of the second-layer SiN film is 500 nm and functions as an interlayer insulating film.
- a comb-teeth-shaped pixel electrode formed by patterning the IZO film is arranged as the third layer on the second-layer SiN film to form two pixels of the first pixel and the second pixel. ing.
- the size of each pixel is 10 mm in length and about 5 mm in width.
- the first-layer counter electrode and the third-layer pixel electrode are electrically insulated by the action of the second-layer SiN film.
- the pixel electrode of the third layer has a comb-tooth shape formed by arranging a plurality of “doglegged” electrode elements whose central portion is bent at an internal angle of 160°.
- the width of each electrode element in the lateral direction is 3 ⁇ m, and the distance between the electrode elements is 6 ⁇ m.
- the pixel electrode that forms each pixel is configured by arranging a plurality of curved "dogleg"-shaped electrode elements in the central portion, so the shape of each pixel is not rectangular, but is similar to that of the electrode element. It has a shape that resembles a bold "dogleg" bent at a part.
- Each pixel is divided into upper and lower parts with a central bent portion as a boundary, and has a first region on the upper side and a second region on the lower side of the bent portion.
- an ITO film for preventing electrification is formed on the back surface having a columnar spacer with a height of 3.5 ⁇ m on the front surface. Then, a second glass substrate was prepared and a set of liquid crystal cells was prepared.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent filtered with a filter having a pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m was applied to the surface of each of the above-mentioned glass substrates by spin coating, and dried on a hot plate at 80° C. for 2 minutes. After that, a predetermined amount of linearly polarized ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm with an extinction ratio of 26:1 is applied to the coating film surface through a polarizing plate, and then baked in a hot air circulation oven at 230° C. for 30 minutes to form a liquid crystal having a film thickness of 100 nm. A substrate with an alignment film was obtained.
- the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the first glass substrate is subjected to an alignment treatment so that the direction that evenly divides the interior angle of the bent portion of the pixel and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal are orthogonal to each other, and the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the second glass substrate.
- the film was subjected to an alignment treatment so that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal on the first substrate and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal on the second substrate were the same when the liquid crystal cell was manufactured.
- a sealant was printed on one of the pair of glass substrates with a liquid crystal alignment film, the other substrate was attached so that the liquid crystal alignment film surfaces faced each other, and the sealant was cured to prepare an empty cell.
- Liquid crystal MLC-3019 (manufactured by Merck Ltd.) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method, and the injection port was sealed to obtain an FFS driven liquid crystal cell. Then, the obtained liquid crystal cell was heated at 120° C. for 1 hour, left overnight, and then used for evaluation.
- the rotation angle when the liquid crystal display element was rotated from the angle where the second region of the first pixel was darkest to the angle where the first region was darkest was calculated as an angle ⁇ .
- the second region and the first region were compared, and the same angle ⁇ was calculated.
- the average value of the angle ⁇ values of the first pixel and the second pixel was calculated as the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal display element.
- the afterimage evaluation an AC voltage having a frequency of 30 Hz at which the relative transmittance is 23% was applied to drive the liquid crystal display element, and at the same time, a DC voltage of 1 V was applied for 40 minutes. After that, the applied DC voltage value was set to 0 V, only the application of the DC voltage was stopped, and the device was further driven for 15 minutes in that state.
- the evaluation was “good” when the relative transmittance decreased to 27% or less by the time 45 minutes passed after the start of the application of the DC voltage. When it took 45 minutes or more before the relative transmittance decreased to 27% or less, it was evaluated as "poor". Then, the afterimage evaluation according to the above-described method was performed under the temperature condition in which the temperature of the liquid crystal display element was 23° C.
- Example preparation The liquid crystal aligning agent prepared above was applied onto a 30 mm ⁇ 40 mm ITO substrate by spin coating. After drying on a hot plate at 80°C for 2 minutes, the coating film surface is irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 254 nm through a polarizing plate, and then baked at 230°C for 20 minutes in a hot air circulation type oven to obtain a coating film having a thickness of 100 nm. A film was formed.
- the sample substrate produced above is fixed on the top and bottom substrates using a tabletop precision universal testing machine (AGS-X 500N, manufactured by Shimadzu Corp.), and then pressed from the top of the center of the substrate for peeling.
- the strength (N) at that time was measured.
- a value obtained by standardizing the peeling strength (N) by the adhesion area (mm 2 ) was defined as the seal adhesion (N/mm 2 ) in each sample, and was evaluated as “good” when it was larger than 5 N/mm 2 . .. When it was less than 5 N/mm 2 , it was evaluated as “poor”.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is useful for forming a liquid crystal aligning film in a wide variety of liquid crystal display devices such as an IPS driving system and an FFS driving system.
- liquid crystal display devices such as an IPS driving system and an FFS driving system.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、AC残像又は残留DC由来の残像に対して良好な耐性を発現し、シール剤との密着性が良好な液晶配向膜並びに黒表示の際の面内での明るさのバラツキを抑制した、コントラスト特性に優れた液晶表示素子を得ることができる液晶配向剤を提供することを一つの目的とする。
(A)成分:下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有する重合体(A)。
(B)成分:下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を含む重合体(B)。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有する重合体(A)を含有する。このような構成とすることで、AC残像の発生が少ない液晶配向膜が得られ、またコントラストに優れた液晶表示素子を得ることができる。上記式(1)において、X2、Y1、Y2、R1、R2、R3、R4は、上記に定義したとおりである。
Q6、Q7はそれぞれ独立して-H、-NHD、-N(D)2、-NHDを有する基、-N(D)2を有する基を表す。Q8は-NHD、-N(D)2、-NHDを有する基、-N(D)2を有する基を表す。Dはカルバメート系保護基を表し、カルバメート系保護基としては、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基、又は9-フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル基が挙げられる。但し、Q5、Q6及びQ7の少なくとも一つは基中にカルバメート系保護基を有する。*1は結合手を表す。Y6、Y7の好ましい具体例としては、AC残像が少ない観点から、下記式(J-1-a)~(J-1-d)、(J-2-1)のいずれかで表される2価の有機基が挙げられる。「Boc」は、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基を表す。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有する重合体(B)を含有する。このような構成とすることで、得られる液晶配向膜の耐熱性を高めることができるため、AC残像が少ない液晶配向膜が得られると共に、製造時に発生する面内でのツイスト角度のバラツキが抑えられ、コントラストに優れた液晶表示素子が得られる。上記式(3)において、X3、Y3、R30、Z31、Z32は、上記に定義したとおりである。
YA2の具体例としては、前記式(m)で表される部分構造を有する2価の有機基又は前記式(n-1)若しくは(n-2)で表される部分構造を有する2価の有機基の他、国際公開公報WO2017/126627に記載のピロール構造を有2価の有機基、好ましくは下式(pr)で表される2価の有機基,国際公開公報WO2018/092759号に記載のチオフェン又はフラン構造を有する2価の有機基、2,4-ジアミノフェノール、3,5-ジアミノフェノール、3,5-ジアミノベンジルアルコール、2,4-ジアミノベンジルアルコール、4,6-ジアミノレゾルシノール、2,4-ジアミノ安息香酸、2,5-ジアミノ安息香酸又は3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、下記の式[3b-1]~式[3b-4]で示されるジアミン化合物などのカルボキシル基を有するジアミンから2つのアミノ基を除いた2価の有機基、下記式(U-1)~(U-9)などの分子内に-NH-CO-NH-を有する2価の有機基、国際公開公報WO2018-181566号の段落[0013]~[0030]に記載の2価の有機基等が挙げられる。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸エステル、ポリアミック酸及びポリイミドは、例えば、国際公開公報WO2013/157586に記載されるような公知の方法で合成出来る。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、重合体(A)及び重合体(B)を含有する。本発明の液晶配向剤は、重合体(A)及び重合体(B)に加えて、その他の重合体を含有していてもよい。その他の重合体の種類としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリイミド、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレン又はその誘導体、ポリ(スチレン-フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートなどを挙げることができる。
例えば、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジイソブチルエーテル、ジイソブチルカルビノール(2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノール)、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、1,2-ブトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、ジエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、3-エトキシブチルアセタート、1-メチルペンチルアセタート、2-エチルブチルアセタート、2-エチルヘキシルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノイソアミルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、1-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)-2-プロパノール、2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)-1-プロパノール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセタート、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エチルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールアセタート、プロピレングリコールジアセテート、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチル、乳酸n-ブチルエステル、乳酸イソアミルエステル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジイソブチルケトン(2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノン)などを挙げることができる。
シクロカーボネート基を有する化合物の具体例としては、例えば、国際公開公報WO2011/155577号に記載の化合物が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤における、架橋性化合物の含有量は、液晶配向剤に含まれる重合体成分100質量部に対して、0.5~20質量部であることが好ましく、目的の効果を発現し、かつAC残像の発生が少ない観点から、より好ましくは1~15質量部である。
本発明の液晶配向剤を用いた液晶配向膜の製造方法は、上記の液晶配向剤を塗布する工程(工程(A))、工程(A)で得られた液晶配向剤の塗膜を加熱して膜を得る工程(工程(B))、工程(B)で得られた膜に偏光された紫外線を照射する工程(工程(C))、更に、好ましくは工程(C)で得られた膜を、100℃以上で、且つ、工程(B)よりも高い温度で焼成する工程(工程(D)を有することを特徴とする。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤を塗布する基板としては透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板とともに、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板などのプラスチック基板等を用いることもできる。その際、液晶を駆動させるためのITO電極などが形成された基板を用いると、プロセスの簡素化の点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハーなどの不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウムなどの光を反射する材料も使用できる。
液晶配向剤の塗布方法は、特に限定されないが、工業的には、スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷、フレキソ印刷又はインクジェット法などで行う方法が一般的である。その他の塗布方法としては、ディップ法、ロールコータ法、スリットコータ法、スピンナー法又はスプレー法などがあり、目的に応じてこれらを用いてもよい。
工程(B)は、基板上に塗布した液晶配向剤を焼成し、膜を形成する工程である。液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布した後は、ホットプレート、熱循環型オーブン又はIR(赤外線)型オーブンなどの加熱手段により、溶媒を蒸発させたり、重合体中のアミック酸又はアミック酸エステルの熱イミド化を行ったりすることができる。本発明の液晶配向剤を塗布した後の乾燥、焼成工程は、任意の温度と時間を選択することができ、複数回行ってもよい。液晶配向剤の有機溶媒を除去する温度としては、例えば40~150℃の温度範囲で行うことができる。プロセスを短縮する観点で、40~120℃で行ってもよい。焼成時間としては特に限定されないが、1~10分又は、1~5分の焼成時間が挙げられる。重合体中のアミック酸又はアミック酸エステルの熱イミド化を行う場合には、上記有機溶媒を除去する工程の後、例えば190~250℃、又は200~240℃の温度範囲で焼成する工程ができる。焼成時間としては特に限定されないが、5~40分、又は、5~30分の焼成時間が挙げられる。
工程(C)は、工程(B)で得られた膜に偏光された紫外線を照射する工程である。紫外線としては、200~400nmの波長を有する紫外線を用いることが好ましく、なかでも、好ましくは200~300nmの波長を有する紫外線がより好ましい。液晶配向性を改善するために、液晶配向膜が塗膜された基板を50~250℃で加熱しながら、紫外線を照射してもよい。また、前記放射線の照射量は、1~10,000mJ/cm2が好ましい。なかでも、100~5,000mJ/cm2が好ましい。このようにして作製した液晶配向膜は、液晶分子を一定の方向に安定して配向させることができる。
偏光された紫外線の消光比が高いほど、より高い異方性が付与できるため、好ましい。具体的には、直線に偏光された紫外線の消光比は、10:1以上が好ましく、20:1以上がより好ましい。
工程(D)は、工程(C)で得られた膜を、100℃以上、且つ、工程(B)よりも高い温度で焼成する工程である。焼成温度は、100℃以上、且つ、工程(B)での焼成温度よりも高ければ、特に限定されないが、150~300℃が好ましく、150~250℃がより好ましく、200~250℃が更に好ましい。焼成時間は、5~120分が好ましく、より好ましくは5~60分、更に好ましくは、5~30分である。
焼成後の液晶配向膜の厚みは、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、5~300nmが好ましく、10~200nmがより好ましい。
上記接触処理に使用する溶媒としては、紫外線の照射によって液晶配向膜から生成した分解物を溶解する溶媒であれば、特に限定されるものではない。具体例としては、水、メタノール、エタノール、2-プロパノール、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノールアセテート、ブチルセロソルブ、乳酸エチル、乳酸メチル、ジアセトンアルコール、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸ブチル又は酢酸シクロヘキシルなどが挙げられる。なかでも、汎用性や溶媒の安全性の点から、水、2-プロパノール、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール又は乳酸エチルが好ましい。より好ましいのは、水、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール又は乳酸エチルである。溶媒は、2種類以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。
液晶セルの作製方法の一例として、パッシブマトリクス構造の液晶表示素子を例にとり説明する。なお、画像表示を構成する各画素部分にTFT(Thin Film Transistor)などのスイッチング素子が設けられたアクティブマトリクス構造の液晶表示素子であってもよい。
次に、各基板の上に液晶配向膜を形成し、一方の基板に他方の基板を互いの液晶配向膜面が対向するようにして重ね合わせ、周辺をシール剤で接着する。シール剤には、基板間隙を制御するために、通常、スペーサーを混入しておき、また、シール剤を設けない面内部分にも、基板間隙制御用のスペーサーを散布しておくことが好ましい。シール剤の一部には、外部から液晶を充填可能な開口部を設けておく。次いで、シール剤に設けた開口部を通じて、2枚の基板とシール剤で包囲された空間内に液晶材料を注入し、その後、この開口部を接着剤で封止する。注入には、真空注入法を用いてもよいし、大気中で毛細管現象を利用した方法を用いてもよい。液晶材料は、ポジ型液晶材料やネガ型液晶材料のいずれを用いてもよい。次に、偏光板の設置を行う。具体的には、2枚の基板の液晶層とは反対側の面に一対の偏光板を貼り付ける。
(溶媒)
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、 GBL:γ―ブチロラクトン、
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ、
(ジアミン)
DA-1~DA-8:下記式(DA-1)~(DA-8)で表される化合物、
(テトラカルボン酸二無水物)
CA-1~CA-4:下記式(CA-1)~(CA-4)で表される化合物
(添加剤)
C-1:下記式(C-1)で表される化合物
C-2:2,2’-ビス(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジヒドロキシメチルフェニル)プロパン
S-1:下記式(S-1)で表される化合物、
E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃で測定した。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53ml)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500、日本電子データム社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5ppm~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
以下、ポリアミック酸及びポリイミドの合成例を示す。なお、それらの命名において、Aは(A)成分であること、Bは(B)成分であること、及びPIはポリイミドであることを表す。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの300mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-1を4.89g(20.0mmol)、DA-2を2.59g(24.0mmol)、DA-3を4.61g(20.0mmol)及びDA-5を5.46g(16.0mmol)量り取り、NMPを197g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA-1を14.2g(63.2mmol)、CA-2を3.00g(12.0mmol)添加し、40℃で24時間撹拌してポリアミック酸溶液(A-1、)(粘度:425mPa・s)を得た。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの1Lセパラブルフラスコに、DA-7を52.6g(0.264mol)、及びDA-8を13.1g(0.066mol)量り取り、NMPを481.7g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA-2を41.3g(0.165mol)とNMPを124.5g添加し、50℃で4時間反応させた。その後、CA-4を45.1g(0.153mol)とNMPを255.8g添加し、70℃で24時間撹拌して15wt%のポリアミック酸溶液(B-1)(粘度:895mPa・s)を得た。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-1を3.42g(0.014mol)量り取り、NMPを30.8g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながら、CA-4を3.62g(0.012mol)、NMPを20.0g添加し、50℃で12時間撹拌して12wt%のポリアミック酸溶液(B-2)(粘度:129mPa・s)を得た。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの500mLセパラブルフラスコに、DA-6を16.4g(0.035mol)、及びDA-1を22.2g(0.091mol)量り取り、NMPを283.6g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA-2を6.51g(0.026mol)とNMPを47.7g添加し、50℃で2時間反応させた。その後、CA-4を28.8g(0.098mol)とNMPを87.9g添加し、引き続き12時間撹拌して15wt%のポリアミック酸溶液(B-3)(粘度:791mPa・s)を得た。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの300mL四つ口フラスコに得られたポリアミック酸溶液(A-1)を100g量り取り、NMPを50g加え、30分撹拌した。得られたポリアミック酸溶液に、無水酢酸を16.78g、ピリジンを5.20g加えて、50℃で3時間加熱し、化学イミド化を行った。得られた反応液を600mlのメタノールに撹拌しながら投入し、析出した沈殿物をろ取し、同様の操作を2回実施することで樹脂粉末を洗浄した後、60℃で12時間乾燥することで、ポリイミド樹脂粉末を得た。このポリイミド樹脂粉末のイミド化率は71%であった。得られたポリイミド樹脂粉末3.60gを100ml三角フラスコに取り、固形分濃度が12%になるようにNMPを26.4g加え、70℃で24時間撹拌し溶解させてポリイミド溶液(A-1-PI)を得た。
<比較例1>
撹拌子を入れた20mlサンプル管に、ポリイミド溶液(A-1-PI)を3.00g及びポリアミック酸溶液(B-1)を3.60g量り取り、更にNMPを0.63g、GBLを3.60g、BCSを3.0g、S-1を1重量%含むGBL溶液を0.90g、及びC-1を10重量%含むNMP溶液を0.27g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(R1)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mlサンプル管に、ポリイミド溶液(A-1-PI)を3.67g及びポリアミック酸溶液(B-2)を5.50g量り取り、更にNMPを0.50g、GBLを4.90g、BCSを4.00g、S-1を1重量%含むGBL溶液を1.10g、及びC-1を10重量%含むNMP溶液を0.33g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(1)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mlサンプル管に、ポリイミド溶液(A-1-PI)を3.00g及びポリアミック酸溶液(B-3)を3.60g量り取り、更にNMPを0.63g、GBLを3.60g、BCSを3.0g、S-1を1重量%含むGBL溶液を0.90g、及びC-1を10重量%含むNMP溶液を0.27g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(2)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mlサンプル管に、ポリイミド溶液(A-1-PI)を3.00g及びポリアミック酸溶液(B-3)を3.60g量り取り、更にNMPを0.63g、GBLを3.60g、BCSを3.0g、S-1を1重量%含むGBL溶液を0.90g、C-2を0.027g、及びC-1を10重量%含むNMP溶液を0.27g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(3)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた20mlサンプル管に、ポリイミド溶液(A-1-PI)を3.00g及びポリアミック酸溶液(B-3)を3.60g量り取り、更にNMPを0.45g、GBLを3.60g、BCSを3.0g、S-1を1重量%含むGBL溶液を0.90g、C-2を0.027g、及びC-1を10重量%含むNMP溶液を0.45g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し液晶配向剤(4)を得た。
電極付きの基板を準備した。基板は、30mm×35mmの大きさで、厚さが0.7mmのガラス基板である。基板上には第1層目として対向電極を構成する、ベタ状のパターンを備えたIZO電極が形成されている。第1層目の対向電極の上には第2層目として、CVD法により成膜されたSiN(窒化珪素)膜が形成されている。第2層目のSiN膜の膜厚は500nmであり、層間絶縁膜として機能する。第2層目のSiN膜の上には、第3層目としてIZO膜をパターニングして形成された櫛歯状の画素電極が配置され、第1画素及び第2画素の2つの画素を形成している。各画素のサイズは、縦10mmで横約5mmである。このとき、第1層目の対向電極と第3層目の画素電極とは、第2層目のSiN膜の作用により電気的に絶縁されている。
また、上記電極付きのガラス基板(以下、第1のガラス基板ともいう。)とは別に、表面に高さ3.5μmの柱状スペーサーを有し裏面に帯電防止の為のITO膜が形成されている第2のガラス基板とを準備し、一組の液晶セルを作製した。
次に、上記一組の液晶配向膜付きガラス基板の一方にシール剤を印刷し、もう一方の基板を液晶配向膜面が向き合うように貼り合わせ、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-3019(メルク社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して、FFS駆動液晶セルを得た。その後、得られた液晶セルを120℃で1時間加熱し、一晩放置してから評価に使用した。
<コントラストの面内均一性>
シンテック社製OPTIPRO-microを用いて液晶表示素子のツイスト角の評価を行った。作製した液晶表示素子を測定ステージに設置し、電圧無印加の状態で、第1画素面内を20点測定して標準偏差を算出した。評価は、ツイスト角標準偏差が0.4以上の場合に「不良」とし、0.4未満の場合に「良好」とした。
上記評価に使用した液晶表示素子を用い、60℃の恒温環境下、周波数30Hzで10VPPの交流電圧を168時間印加した。その後、液晶表示素子の画素電極と対向電極との間を短絡させた状態にし、そのまま室温に一日放置した。
放置の後、液晶表示素子を偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、電圧無印加の状態でバックライトを点灯させておき、透過光の輝度が最も小さくなるように液晶表示素子の配置角度を調整した。そして、第1画素の第2領域が最も暗くなる角度から第1領域が最も暗くなる角度まで液晶表示素子を回転させたときの回転角度を角度Δとして算出した。第2画素でも同様に、第2領域と第1領域とを比較し、同様の角度Δを算出した。そして、第1画素と第2画素の角度Δ値の平均値を液晶表示素子の角度Δとして算出した。この液晶表示素子の角度Δの値が0.1度を越える場合には、「不良」と評価した。この液晶セルの角度Δの値が0.1度を越えない場合には、「良好」と評価した。
以下の光学系等を用いて残像の評価を行った。作製した液晶表示素子を偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に設置し、電圧無印加の状態でLEDバックライトを点灯させておき、透過光の輝度が最も小さくなるように、液晶表示素子の配置角度を調整した。
次に、この液晶表示素子に周波数30Hzの交流電圧を印加しながらV-Tカーブ(電圧-透過率曲線)を測定し、相対透過率が23%となる交流電圧を駆動電圧として算出した。
残像評価では、相対透過率が23%となる周波数30Hzの交流電圧を印加して液晶表示素子を駆動させながら、同時に1Vの直流電圧を印加し、40分間駆動させた。その後、印加直流電圧値を0Vにして直流電圧の印加のみを停止し、その状態で更に15分駆動した。
評価は、直流電圧の印加を開始した時点から45分間が経過するまでに、相対透過率が27%以下に低下した場合に、「良好」とした。相対透過率が27%以下に低下するまでに45分間以上を要した場合には、「不良」と評価した。
そして、上述した方法に従う残像評価は、液晶表示素子の温度が23℃の状態の温度条件下で行った。
[サンプル作製]
30mm×40mmのITO基板に、上記で作製した液晶配向剤をスピンコートにて塗布した。80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥させた後、塗膜面に偏光板を介して254nmの紫外線を照射し、次いで230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの塗膜を形成させた。このようにして得られた2枚の基板を用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜面上に直径が4μmのビーズスペーサーを塗布した後、シール剤(協立化学製XN-1500T)を滴下した。次いで、他方の基板の液晶配向膜面を内側にし、基板の重なり幅が1cmになるように、貼り合わせを行った。その際、貼り合わせ後のシール剤の直径が3mmとなるようにシール剤滴下量を調整した。貼り合わせた2枚の基板をクリップにて固定した後、150℃1時間熱硬化させて、密着性評価用のサンプルを作製した。
上記で作製したサンプル基板を卓上形精密万能試験機(島津製作所社製、AGS-X 500N)にて、上下基板の端の部分を固定した後、基板中央部の上部から押し込みを行い、剥離する際の強度(N)を測定した。この剥離強度(N)を接着面積(mm2)で規格した値を各サンプルにおけるシール密着性(N/mm2)とし、5N/mm2よりも大きい場合に、「良好」と評価を行った。5N/mm2未満の場合には、「不良」と評価した。
なお、2018年12月4日に出願された日本特許出願2018-227376号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (19)
- 下記の(A)成分及び(B)成分を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
(A)成分:下記式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有する重合体(A)。
(B)成分:下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を有する重合体(B)。
(R1~R4は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、炭素数2~6のアルキニル基、フッ素原子を含有する炭素数1~6の1価の有機基、又はフェニル基であり、R1~R4の少なくとも一つは上記定義中の水素原子以外の基を表す。Y1は下記式(H)で表される部分構造を有する2価の有機基を表す。)
(Q3は-(CH2)n-で表される構造であり(nは2~20の整数である。)、任意の-CH2-は-O-に置き換えられてもよい。但し、酸素原子同士が直接結合することはない。)、2つのベンゼン環上の任意の水素原子は1価の有機基で置き換えられてもよい。*は結合手を表す。)
(X3は芳香族酸二無水物に由来する4価の有機基を表す。Y3は下記式(m)で表される部分構造を有する2価の有機基であり、*は結合手である。R30は水素原子、又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基を表す。Z31、Z32は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、置換基を有してもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基、置換基を有してもよい炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、置換基を有してもよい炭素数2~10のアルキニル基、tert-ブトキシカルボニル基、又は9-フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル基を表す。)
- 前記重合体(A)が、更に下記式(6)で表される繰り返し単位及び下記式(7)で表される繰り返し単位からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の繰り返し単位を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
(R61からR64はそれぞれ前記式(1)のR1からR4と同義であり、Y6、Y7はそれぞれ独立して下記式(J-1)で表される部分構造を有する2価の有機基、又は下記式(J-2)で表される2価の有機基を表す。X7は前記式(2)のX2と同義である。)
(Q5は単結合、-(CH2)n-(nは1~20の整数である)、又は-(CH2)n-の任意の-CH2-がそれぞれ隣り合わない条件で-O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NQ9-、-NQ9CO-、-CONQ9-、-NQ9CONQ10-、-NQ9COO-、-OCOO-に置き換えられる基であり、Q9及びQ10はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し;
Q6、Q7はそれぞれ独立して-H、-NHD、-N(D)2、-NHDを有する基、-N(D)2を有する基を表す。Q8は-NHD、-N(D)2、-NHDを有する基、-N(D)2を有する基を表す。Dはカルバメート系保護基を表す。但し、Q5、Q6及びQ7の少なくとも一つは基中にカルバメート系保護基を有する。*1は結合手を表す。)、 - 前記重合体(B)が、下記式(8)で表される繰り返し単位及び下記式(9)で表される繰り返し単位からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の繰り返し単位を有する、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
(X8は5員環以上の脂環構造を有する4価の有機基であり、X9は5員環以上の脂環構造を有する4価の有機基又は芳香族酸二無水物に由来する4価の有機基を表す。Y8は前記式(3)のY3と同義である。Y9は下記式(n-1)又は(n-2)で表される部分構造を有する2価の有機基である。Z81、Z82、Z91、Z92は、前記式(3)のZ31、Z32と同義である。R8、R9はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、Q1、Q2は水素原子又はメチル基を表す。)
- 前記重合体(A)と前記重合体(B)との含有割合が、重合体(A)/重合体(B)の重量比で5/95~95/5である、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項14に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 下記の工程(A)~(C)を有する液晶配向膜の製造方法。
工程(A):請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程。
工程(B):工程(A)で得られた液晶配向剤の塗膜を加熱して膜を得る工程。
工程(C):工程(B)で得られた膜に偏光された紫外線を照射する工程。 - 下記の工程(D)を更に含む、請求項16に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
工程(D):工程(C)で得られた膜を、100℃以上で、且つ工程(B)よりも高い温度で焼成する工程。 - 前記工程(B)において塗膜を40~180℃の温度範囲で加熱する、請求項16~17のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 請求項16~18のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法により得られる液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
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| WO2015072554A1 (ja) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-21 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 |
| WO2018062438A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
| WO2018159284A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-07 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びその製造方法、液晶素子、並びに重合体 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| TW202031880A (zh) | 2020-09-01 |
| KR20210097710A (ko) | 2021-08-09 |
| KR102902780B1 (ko) | 2025-12-19 |
| JP7428138B2 (ja) | 2024-02-06 |
| JPWO2020116459A1 (ja) | 2021-10-21 |
| TWI848024B (zh) | 2024-07-11 |
| CN113168053B (zh) | 2025-01-07 |
| CN113168053A (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
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