WO2020110473A1 - Système de chaudière, centrale de production d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement de système de chaudière - Google Patents

Système de chaudière, centrale de production d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement de système de chaudière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020110473A1
WO2020110473A1 PCT/JP2019/039942 JP2019039942W WO2020110473A1 WO 2020110473 A1 WO2020110473 A1 WO 2020110473A1 JP 2019039942 W JP2019039942 W JP 2019039942W WO 2020110473 A1 WO2020110473 A1 WO 2020110473A1
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Prior art keywords
steam
boiler
temperature
heat
water supply
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PCT/JP2019/039942
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
勇太 槌谷
和宏 堂本
誠 當房
雄一朗 古川
Original Assignee
三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社
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Publication of WO2020110473A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020110473A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/16—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways
    • F22D1/18—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways and heated indirectly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a boiler system, a power generation plant, and a method for operating the boiler system.
  • the heat medium is heated by using the collected heat of sunlight, which is natural energy, and the heated heat medium is effectively used for heating the boiler feed water of the thermal power generation device to reduce the boiler fuel supplied to the thermal power generation device.
  • Power plants that reduce carbon dioxide emissions are known.
  • the plant described in Patent Document 1 is provided with a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of water discharged from a solar water supplying water heater, and based on the temperature of the water measured by the temperature measuring device, solar water supplying water is supplied. It controls the flow rate of water flowing into the inlet of the heater.
  • Patent Document 2 The plant described in Patent Document 2 is provided with a solar heater that performs heat exchange between the heat medium heated by sunlight in the heat collector and the inflowing water supply. In addition, by adjusting the output of a pump that circulates the heat medium, the flow rate of the heat medium is adjusted and the temperature of the feed water flowing into the boiler is adjusted.
  • the available solar energy depends on the amount of the heating medium. Because of the change, there is a possibility that the utilization efficiency of solar energy will be reduced. Therefore, as in the plant of Patent Document 1, in order to supply the steam generated in the boiler to the steam turbine or the like to obtain a predetermined power generation output, the solar power is used in the boiler as much as the utilization efficiency of the solar energy is reduced. Since it is necessary to increase the amount of fuel, running cost may increase.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a boiler system, a power generation plant, and a boiler system operation method that can be performed. Moreover, it aims at providing the boiler system which can reduce the fuel used for heating feed water in a boiler, a power generation plant, and the operating method of a boiler system.
  • a boiler system utilizes a boiler that generates steam from water supply, a water supply passage through which the water supply supplied to the boiler flows, and heat generated by concentrating sunlight.
  • a solar heating unit that heats a heating medium by means of a heating unit, a solar heating unit that is provided, and a circulation channel that circulates the heating medium at a predetermined constant flow rate;
  • a first heat exchanging section for exchanging heat with the heat medium flowing through; and adjusting means provided in the boiler for adjusting the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler.
  • the amount of heat generated by condensing in the solar heating unit changes according to changes in the amount of solar radiation.
  • the heating amount of the heat medium in the solar heating unit also changes.
  • the temperature of the circulating heating medium changes as the heating amount of the heating medium changes
  • the amount of heat exchanged between the heating medium and the feed water in the first heat exchange unit also changes. Therefore, the temperature of the water supply supplied from the water supply passage to the boiler also changes.
  • the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler also changes. In this way, when the amount of solar radiation changes, the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler also changes accordingly.
  • the boiler is provided with adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler. Accordingly, even if the temperature of the feed water changes due to the change in the amount of solar radiation, the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler can be adjusted by the adjusting means provided in the boiler. Therefore, even if the amount of solar radiation changes, the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler can be set to a desired temperature.
  • the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler is, for example, the temperature of the steam supplied from the boiler to the steam turbine.
  • generated by the boiler is provided in the boiler. That is, the circulation passage for circulating the heat medium is not provided with the adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the heat medium.
  • the circulation flow path for adjusting the temperature, such as a configuration in which the temperature of the heating medium is positively reduced in order to maintain the temperature after heating the heating medium when the amount of solar radiation changes The configuration does not exist. Therefore, almost all of the heat obtained by heating the heat medium from the energy generated by concentrating the sunlight in the solar heating unit can be used to heat the feed water supplied to the boiler.
  • the configuration of providing a device or the like for actively reducing the heat obtained from sunlight means, for example, a configuration of providing an adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the heating medium by changing the circulating flow rate of the heating medium, or A configuration in which an adjusting means for adjusting the amount of water supplied for heat exchange is provided can be given.
  • the circulation flow rate of the heat medium is set to a predetermined constant flow rate.
  • the predetermined constant flow rate is, for example, in the condition that the solar energy is the highest, the temperature of the heating medium obtained by heating the heating medium from the energy generated by concentrating the sunlight in the solar heating unit is the solar heating unit.
  • the flow rate may be the design temperature of
  • all of the heat medium heated by the solar heat heating unit is supplied to the first heat exchange unit, and the first heat exchange unit. All of the heat medium that has undergone heat exchange in step (4) may be supplied to the solar heating section.
  • the boiler includes a downstream superheater that superheats the steam, an upstream superheater that is provided upstream of the downstream superheater and that superheats the steam, and A superheat reducer that is provided between the downstream superheater and the upstream superheater to reduce the temperature of the supplied steam, and draws the feed water upstream of the upstream superheater to the superheat reducer.
  • a spray water adjusting means for adjusting the amount of the supply water supplied to the superheat reducer comprising a spray water supply flow path for supplying the fuel and a fuel supply path for supplying fuel to the burner. Is provided, and the fuel supply path is provided with fuel adjusting means for adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to the burner, and the adjusting means includes the spray water adjusting means and the fuel adjusting means.
  • the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler is adjusted by controlling the spray water adjusting means and the fuel adjusting means.
  • the spray water adjusting means is controlled so that the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler becomes a desired temperature based on the temperature of the steam heated by the downstream superheater.
  • the fuel adjusting means is controlled so that the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler becomes a desired temperature based on the temperature of the steam supplied to the overheat reducer.
  • the boiler system which concerns on the 1st aspect of this invention WHEREIN:
  • the said boiler is provided in the upstream of the said upstream superheater, and is supplied to the said water supply heating part which heats the said supplied water, and the said water supply heating part.
  • a feed water thermometer side means for measuring the temperature of the feed water.
  • the fuel adjusting means may be controlled based on the temperature of the feed water measured by the feed water thermometer side means.
  • the water supply thermometer side means for measuring the temperature of the water supply supplied to the water supply heating unit is provided, and the fuel adjusting means is controlled based on the temperature of the water supply measured by the water supply thermometer side means.
  • the feed water heating unit is provided on the upstream side of the downstream superheater, the upstream superheater, and the like. That is, the feed water heating unit is provided closer to the first heat exchange unit than the downstream superheater, the upstream superheater, and the like.
  • the fuel adjusting means can be controlled more accurately so that the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler becomes the desired temperature.
  • the boiler system which concerns on the 1st aspect of this invention is equipped with the heat medium temperature measuring means which measures the temperature of the said heat medium supplied from the said solar heating part to the said 1st heat exchange part,
  • the said heat medium temperature measurement The fuel adjusting means may be controlled based on the temperature of the heat medium measured by the means.
  • the heat medium temperature measuring unit for measuring the temperature of the heat medium supplied from the solar heating unit to the first heat exchange unit is provided, and the fuel is measured based on the temperature of the heat medium measured by the heat medium temperature measuring unit. It controls the adjustment means.
  • the heating amount of the heat medium changes due to the heat generated by concentrating sunlight in the solar heating unit. Therefore, the temperature of the heat medium supplied from the solar heating unit to the first heat exchange unit also changes. Therefore, the temperature of the heat medium supplied from the solar heating unit to the first heat exchange unit changes quickly with respect to changes in the amount of solar radiation.
  • the fuel adjusting unit based on the temperature of the heat medium supplied from the solar heating unit to the first heat exchange unit, it is possible to more quickly respond to the change in the amount of solar radiation. Therefore, the fuel adjusting means can be controlled more accurately so that the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler becomes the desired temperature.
  • the boiler system which concerns on the 1st aspect of this invention WHEREIN: The 1st bypass flow path which bypasses from the said water supply flow path, and whether the said water supply circulates the said water supply flow path or the said 1st bypass flow path.
  • Switching means for switching and heat medium temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the heat medium supplied from the solar heating section to the first heat exchanging section, wherein the first heat exchanging section is the first heat exchanging section. If the temperature of the heat medium measured by the heat medium temperature measuring means is lower than a predetermined value, the switching means is provided in one bypass flow passage so that the water supply does not flow into the first bypass flow passage. May be controlled.
  • the switching means is controlled so that the feed water does not flow into the first bypass flow passage. That is, when the temperature of the heat medium is lower than the predetermined value, the feed water is not supplied to the first heat exchange section. Accordingly, when the temperature of the heat medium is lower than the predetermined value and the water supply cannot be suitably heated by the heat medium, it is possible to prevent the water supply from being supplied to the first heat exchange unit.
  • the temperature of the feed water supplied to a 1st heat exchange part is mentioned, for example.
  • the heat medium supplied to the first heat exchange unit When the temperature of the heat medium supplied to the first heat exchange unit is lower than the temperature of the feed water supplied to the first heat exchange unit, the heat medium may cool the water supply. Therefore, in such a case, the cooling of the water supply can be suppressed by preventing the water supply from being supplied to the first heat exchange unit.
  • the boiler system according to the first aspect of the present invention is provided in the water supply passage, and secondly heat-exchanges the steam extracted from a steam turbine driven by the steam generated in the boiler with the water supply.
  • a second bypass flow passage provided so as to bypass the second heat exchange unit and provided with the first heat exchange unit, wherein the second bypass flow passage is provided in the boiler. A part of the supplied water may be distributed.
  • the first heat exchange unit is provided in the second bypass flow passage provided so as to bypass the second heat exchange unit that heats the feed water by the steam extracted from the steam turbine, and the second bypass flow passage is provided. Is part of the water supply. That is, the feed water is heated by the first heat exchange section and the second heat exchange section provided in parallel with the first heat exchange section. As a result, the amount of feed water heated in the second heat exchange unit can be reduced, so that the amount of steam extracted from the steam turbine can be reduced. Therefore, the energy obtained by the steam turbine can be increased.
  • the boiler system includes a steam separator provided between the solar heating unit and the first heat exchange unit, the heat medium is water or steam,
  • the steam separator may separate the supplied water and steam and supply the separated steam to the first heat exchange unit.
  • a power plant includes the boiler system according to any one of the above, and a power generation unit that generates power using the steam generated by the boiler.
  • the power generation amount generated by the power generation unit can be set to the desired power generation amount. Further, when the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler is constant, the amount of power generation in the power generation unit can be constant, so that electric power can be stably supplied.
  • a method for operating a boiler system uses, in a boiler, a steam generation step of generating steam from feed water supplied through a water supply passage and heat generated by concentrating sunlight. Then, a heat medium heating step of heating a heat medium that circulates in the circulation flow path at a predetermined constant flow rate, the water supply flowing in the water supply flow path, and a heat exchange between the heat medium flowing in the circulation flow path.
  • the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler can be set to a desired temperature. Also, the fuel used to heat the feed water in the boiler can be reduced.
  • the power generation plant 100 includes a boiler system 1 that generates steam, and a power generation unit 2 that generates electric power by rotating a steam turbine 7 with the steam generated by the boiler system 1.
  • the boiler system 1 includes a boiler 3 that generates steam from feed water, a feed water preheating unit (second heat exchange unit) 4 that heats feed water supplied to the boiler 3 by steam extracted from a steam turbine 7 described below, and sunlight.
  • a solar heat utilization heating unit 5 that heats the feed water supplied to the boiler 3 by exchanging heat with a heating medium that has been heated by using the energy generated by condensing, and a control device (not shown) that controls various devices. , are provided.
  • the power generation unit 2 includes a steam turbine 7 that is rotationally driven by the steam generated in the boiler 3, and a generator 8 that generates electric power by the rotational driving force of the steam turbine 7.
  • the boiler 3 includes a furnace 30, a burner 31 provided on a wall of the furnace 30, and a flue 32 through which combustion gas generated in the furnace 30 flows.
  • the burner 31 burns the fuel supplied through the fuel pipe (fuel supply passage) 33 to form a flame in the furnace 30.
  • the fuel pipe 33 is provided with a fuel flow rate adjusting valve (fuel adjusting means) 33a for adjusting the flow rate of the fuel flowing inside.
  • the fuel flow rate adjusting valve 33a can adjust the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the burner 31 by adjusting the opening degree.
  • the upstream superheater (upstream superheater) 34, the final superheat reducer (superheat reducer) 35, and the final superheater are arranged in order from the upstream side of the combustion gas flow.
  • a (downstream superheater) 36, a reheater 37, and a economizer (feed water heating unit) 38 are provided.
  • a heat exchanger other than this may be provided at an appropriate position.
  • the upstream superheater 34, the final superheater 36, the reheater 37, and the economizer 38 function as heat exchangers that heat the feed water (or steam) flowing through the inside by using the heat recovered from the combustion gas. To do.
  • the economizer 38 is provided on the most upstream side of the heat exchangers provided in the boiler 3.
  • the downstream end of the economizer 38 is connected to the upstream end of the upstream superheater 34 via the fifth water supply pipe 24.
  • the water supply flowing through the fifth water supply pipe 24 becomes saturated steam due to the heat from the furnace 30, and is supplied to the upstream superheater 34.
  • the fifth water supply pipe 24 is provided with a second water supply temperature measuring device 24a for measuring the temperature Te of the water supply flowing through the fifth water supply pipe 24.
  • the second feed water temperature measuring device 24a transmits the measured temperature to the control device.
  • a spray water pipe (spray water supply passage) 39 is branched from an intermediate position of the fifth water supply pipe 24.
  • the spray water pipe 39 extracts a part of the supply water flowing through the fifth water supply pipe 24 and supplies the extracted water into the final superheat reducer 35.
  • the spray water pipe 39 is provided with a spray water amount adjusting valve (spray water adjusting means) 39a for adjusting the flow rate of water flowing through the inside.
  • the spray water amount adjustment valve 39a can adjust the amount of water supplied into the final superheat reducer 35 by adjusting the opening degree.
  • a heat exchanger (evaporator) not shown may be provided in the middle of the fifth water supply pipe 24 to evaporate the water supply by the heat from the furnace 30. Further, the spray water pipe 39 may supply the extracted water to the pipe on the upstream side of the final superheat reducer 35 (that is, the first steam pipe 11 ).
  • the downstream end of the upstream superheater 34 is connected to the final superheat reducer 35 via the first steam pipe 11.
  • the first steam pipe 11 is provided with a first steam temperature measuring device 11 a that measures the temperature Ts of the steam flowing in the first steam pipe 11.
  • the first steam temperature measuring instrument 11a transmits the measured temperature to the control device.
  • the final superheat reducer 35 is connected to the upstream end of the final superheater 36 via the second steam pipe 12.
  • the downstream end of the final superheater 36 is connected to a high-pressure steam turbine (steam turbine) 70 described later via the third steam pipe 13.
  • the third steam pipe 13 is provided with a third steam temperature measuring device 13 a that measures the temperature Tm of the steam flowing in the third steam pipe 13.
  • the third steam pipe 13 is provided with a steam pressure measuring device 13b that measures the pressure Pm of the steam flowing through the third steam pipe 13.
  • the third steam temperature measuring device 13a and the steam pressure measuring device 13b transmit the measured temperature or pressure to the control device.
  • the third steam pipe 13 is provided with a steam flow rate adjusting valve 13c on the downstream side of the third steam temperature measuring device 13a and the steam pressure measuring device 13b.
  • the steam flow rate adjusting valve 13c adjusts the opening degree to adjust the flow rate of the steam flowing through the inside and supplied to the high-pressure steam turbine 70.
  • the upstream end of the reheater 37 is connected to the downstream end of the high-pressure steam turbine 70 via the fourth steam pipe 14. Further, the downstream end of the reheater 37 is connected to a medium-pressure steam turbine 71 described later via the fifth steam pipe 15.
  • the steam turbine 7 includes, for example, a high pressure steam turbine 70, a medium pressure steam turbine 71, and a low pressure steam turbine 72 that are coaxially connected.
  • the high-pressure steam turbine 70, the medium-pressure steam turbine 71, and the low-pressure steam turbine 72 are rotationally driven by the steam supplied from the boiler 3.
  • the downstream end of the intermediate pressure steam turbine 71 is connected to the low pressure steam turbine 72 via the sixth steam pipe 16.
  • the downstream end of the low-pressure steam turbine 72 is connected to the condenser 73 via the seventh steam pipe 17.
  • the supplied steam is condensed to be condensed water.
  • the generator 8 is connected to a rotating shaft 74 shared by the high-pressure steam turbine 70, the medium-pressure steam turbine 71, and the low-pressure steam turbine 72.
  • the generator 8 generates electric power by converting the rotary driving force transmitted from each steam turbine via the rotary shaft 74 into electric power.
  • the water supply preheating unit 4 includes a low-pressure water supply heater 40 that heats the water supply with the steam extracted from the low-pressure steam turbine 72, a medium-pressure water supply heater 41 that heats the water supply with the steam extracted from the medium-pressure steam turbine 71, and a high-pressure steam turbine 70. And a high-pressure water heater 42 that heats the water supply with the steam extracted from.
  • the low-pressure water supply heater 40 is arranged at the most upstream side in the water supply flow among the three water supply heaters 40, 41, 42.
  • the upstream end of the low-pressure water supply heater 40 is connected to the condenser 73 via the first water supply pipe 20.
  • the first water supply pipe 20 is provided with a condensate pump 20a for circulating the water supply.
  • the low-pressure feed water heater 40 is connected to the low-pressure steam turbine 72 via the first extraction pipe 25.
  • the low-pressure water heater 40 exchanges heat between the water supplied and the steam supplied through the first extraction pipe 25.
  • the low-pressure water supply heater 40 and the medium-pressure water supply heater 41 are connected via the second water supply pipe 21.
  • the second water supply pipe 21 is provided with a water supply pump 21a that pressurizes and distributes the water supply.
  • the medium-pressure water supply heater 41 and the high-pressure water supply heater 42 are connected via the third water supply pipe 22.
  • the medium pressure feed water heater 41 is connected to the medium pressure steam turbine 71 via the second extraction pipe 26.
  • the medium pressure water heater 41 exchanges heat between the water supplied and the steam supplied through the second extraction pipe 26.
  • the downstream end of the high-pressure water heater 42 is connected to the upstream end of the economizer 38 via the fourth water supply pipe (water supply passage) 23.
  • a first water supply on-off valve (switching means) 23 a is provided at an intermediate position of the fourth water supply pipe 23.
  • the first water supply on-off valve 23a is an on-off valve.
  • a bypass pipe (first bypass flow passage) 43 is provided from an intermediate position of the fourth water supply pipe 23 so as to bypass the first water supply on-off valve 23a. That is, the upstream end of the bypass pipe 43 is connected to the upstream side of the first water supply on-off valve 23 a of the fourth water supply pipe 23.
  • the downstream end of the bypass pipe 43 is connected to the downstream side of the first water supply on-off valve 23 a of the fourth water supply pipe 23.
  • the bypass pipe 43 is provided with a second water supply on-off valve (switching means) 43a.
  • the second water supply on-off valve 43a is an on-off valve.
  • the fourth water supply pipe 23 is provided with a first water supply temperature measuring device (water supply thermometer side means) 23b.
  • the first water supply temperature measuring device 23b is provided in the fourth water supply pipe 23 on the downstream side of the portion connected to the downstream end of the bypass pipe 43.
  • the first supply water temperature measuring device 23b measures the temperature Th of the supply water flowing through the inside of the fourth water supply pipe 23, which is downstream of the connection portion with the downstream end of the bypass pipe 43.
  • the temperature of the feed water immediately before being supplied to the economizer 38 is measured.
  • the first feed water temperature measuring device 23b transmits the measured temperature to the control device.
  • the high-pressure feed water heater 42 is connected to the high-pressure steam turbine 70 via the third extraction pipe 27. The high-pressure water heater 42 exchanges heat between the water supplied and the steam supplied through the third extraction pipe 27.
  • the solar heat utilization heating unit 5 includes a circulation flow passage 50 in which a heat medium circulates, a solar heat collector (solar heat heating unit) 51 provided in the circulation flow passage 50, and a solar heat utilization feed water heater provided in the circulation flow passage 50 ( A first heat exchange section) 52. Further, in the circulation flow path 50, a heat medium temperature measuring device (heat medium temperature measuring device) provided between the heat medium pump 53 for circulating the heat medium and the downstream end of the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52 and the solar heat collector 51. Means) 54 are provided. The heat medium temperature measuring device 54 transmits the measured temperature to the control device.
  • a heat medium temperature measuring device heat medium temperature measuring device
  • an oil-based heat medium that maintains a liquid phase and hardly changes in phase even if the temperature rises is used as the heat medium that circulates in the circulation flow path 50.
  • the heat medium is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a molten salt heat medium.
  • the solar heat collector 51 heats the heat medium by using the energy generated by concentrating sunlight.
  • the solar heat collector 51 may be, for example, a Fresnel type (method of heating a heating medium with a flat or slightly curved reflecting mirror) or a trough type (method of heating a heating medium with a curved reflecting mirror). Good. Further, it may be a tower type. In this embodiment, a plurality of solar heat collectors 51 are provided in parallel, for example, and three solar heat collectors 51 are provided. The number of solar heat collectors 51 is not limited to this. The number may be one or two. Also, a plurality of units, such as four or more units, may be used.
  • the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52 is provided between the solar heat collector 51 and the heat medium pump 53.
  • the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52 exchanges heat between the heat medium heated by the solar heat collector 51 and the feed water flowing through the bypass pipe 43.
  • the heat medium temperature measuring device 54 measures the temperature To of the heat medium immediately after being heated by the solar heat collector 51 among the heat medium circulating in the circulation flow path 50.
  • the circulation passage 50 is not provided with a device for adjusting the flow rate of the heat medium.
  • all of the heat medium heated by the solar heat collector 51 is supplied to the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52 and circulates at a predetermined constant flow rate. Further, all of the heat medium that has exchanged heat with the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52 is introduced into the heat medium pump 53. Further, all the heat medium discharged from the heat medium pump 53 is supplied to the solar heat collector 51. That is, the circulation flow path 50 is a closed circuit.
  • the control device is composed of, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a computer-readable storage medium.
  • a series of processing for realizing various functions is stored in a storage medium or the like in the form of a program as an example, and the CPU reads the program into a RAM or the like to execute information processing/arithmetic processing.
  • the program is installed in a ROM or other storage medium in advance, provided in a state of being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or delivered via wired or wireless communication means. Etc. may be applied.
  • the computer-readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory, or the like.
  • the control device controls the open/closed state or opening of each valve.
  • the control device controls driving and stopping of each pump.
  • the control device performs a steam temperature control process so that the temperature of the steam supplied from the final superheater 36 to the high-pressure steam turbine 70 becomes a predetermined temperature based on the temperature measured by each temperature measuring device.
  • the steam temperature control process performed by the control device will be described below with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the control device first discharges the target temperature of the steam temperature Tm of the steam discharged from the final superheater 36 (that is, the steam discharged from the boiler 3) and the final superheater 36.
  • a target pressure of the steam pressure Pm of steam (that is, steam discharged from the boiler 3) is set (S1).
  • the target temperature of the steam temperature Tm and the target pressure of the steam pressure Pm are set to, for example, the temperature and pressure when the high-pressure steam turbine 70 rotates at the rated value.
  • control device proceeds to S2, determines whether or not the temperature Th of the feed water immediately before being supplied to the economizer 38 has changed, and the heat medium immediately after being heated by the solar heat collector 51. It is determined whether or not the temperature To has changed. If it is determined that either one of them has changed, the control device determines that the amount of solar radiation has changed and proceeds to S3. If it is determined that neither value has changed, it is determined that the amount of solar radiation has not changed, and S2 is repeated again after a predetermined time.
  • the control device determines whether the feed water temperature Th is lower than the first predetermined value, and also determines whether the heat medium temperature To is lower than the second predetermined value. When it is determined that either one is smaller than the predetermined value, the amount of solar radiation is reduced, it is determined that the heating of the feed water by the heating medium is not appropriately performed, and the process proceeds to S4. When it is determined that both are larger than the predetermined value, the control device determines that the heating of the feed water by the heating medium is appropriately performed, and proceeds to S7.
  • the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value are, for example, values when the heat exchange water supply heater 52 performs heat exchange and the power generation unit 2 performs a predetermined minimum power generation output (for example, 25% load).
  • the temperature Th of the feed water immediately before being supplied to the charcoal vessel 38 and the temperature To of the heat medium immediately after being heated by the solar heat collector 51 can be used. Further, in order to suppress cooling of the feed water by the heat medium in the solar heat use feed water heater 52, the first predetermined value and the second predetermined value are, for example, the temperature of the feed water immediately before heat exchange in the solar heat use feed water heater 52. May be used.
  • the control device changes the first water supply on-off valve 23a from the closed state to the open state, and changes the second water supply on-off valve 43a from the open state to the closed state.
  • the control device stops the heat medium pump 53 (S5).
  • the control device next proceeds to S6 and determines whether or not the heat medium temperature To is higher than the second predetermined value by ⁇ (second predetermined value+ ⁇ ). When it is determined that it is equal to or more than the second predetermined value + ⁇ , it is determined that the amount of solar radiation has increased, and the amount of solar radiation is such that heating of the feed water by the heat medium can be performed appropriately. Then, first, the heat medium pump 53 is started.
  • the second water supply on-off valve 43a is changed from the closed state to the open state, and the first water supply on-off valve 23a is changed from the open state to the closed state. Then, the process proceeds to S7. If it is determined in S6 that the value is smaller than the second predetermined value + ⁇ , it is determined that the amount of solar radiation that allows heating of the feed water by the heating medium is not suitable, and S6 is repeated after a predetermined time. As described above, since the temperature at which the heating of the feed water by the heating medium is restarted is set to a temperature higher by ⁇ than the second predetermined value, hysteresis can be provided, and thus chattering can be suppressed. For example, ⁇ may use a suitable value between 0.5 and 10°C.
  • the control device calculates the estimated amount of fuel flow into the boiler 3 based on the feed water temperature Th.
  • the opening of the fuel flow rate adjusting valve 33a is controlled so that the fuel flow rate estimated in S7 is obtained as the preceding control, and the flow rate of fuel supplied to the burner 31 is adjusted.
  • the estimated flow rate of the fuel injected into the boiler 3 may be set as an internal function, for example, based on the steam supply flow rate to the high-pressure steam turbine 70 (or the power generation output of the power generation unit 2) or the feedwater temperature Th. Since the opening degree of the fuel flow rate adjusting valve 33a is also controlled in S10 described later, the control of the opening degree of the fuel flow rate adjusting valve 33a performed in S8 is a preceding control to the control in S10.
  • the control device executes the control process of the temperature of the steam in the boiler 3 (adjusting step). Specifically, first, in S9, the opening of the spray water amount adjusting valve 39a is controlled to adjust the amount of spray water supplied to the final superheat reducer 35. Specifically, in S9, the control device controls the opening degree of the spray water amount adjustment valve 39a so that the steam temperature Tm becomes the target temperature. Next, the control device proceeds to S10, controls the opening of the fuel flow rate adjusting valve 33a, and adjusts the flow rate of the fuel supplied to the burner 31. Specifically, in S10, the control device controls the opening degree of the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 33a so that the steam temperature Ts immediately before the final superheat reducer 35 becomes a predetermined temperature.
  • the control device proceeds to S11, and determines whether or not the steam temperature Tm output from the boiler 3 is the target steam temperature. When it is determined that the steam temperature Tm is the target steam temperature, the process proceeds to S12. When it is determined that the steam temperature Tm is not the target steam temperature, the process returns to S9. In S12, the control device determines whether the supply water temperature Th is lower than the third predetermined value.
  • the third predetermined value is set to, for example, a temperature value at which the feed water evaporates in the economizer 38. If it is determined that the feed water is vaporized in the economizer 38, the process returns to S3, and whether the feed water temperature Th is lower than the first predetermined value or not is determined.
  • the water supply discharged from the condenser 73 is supplied to the condensate pump 20a.
  • the feed water discharged from the condensate pump 20 a is first introduced into the low-pressure feed water heater 40.
  • the low pressure feed water heater 40 the feed water introduced through the first feed water pipe 20 and the steam introduced through the first extraction pipe 25 from the low pressure turbine exchange heat with each other to heat the feed water.
  • the water supply heated by the low-pressure water supply heater 40 is discharged from the low-pressure water supply heater 40, supplied to the water supply pump 21a, and increased in pressure.
  • the water supply discharged from the water supply pump 21 a is introduced into the medium pressure water supply heater 41.
  • the medium-pressure feed water heater 41 In the medium-pressure feed water heater 41, the feed water introduced through the second feed water pipe 21 and the steam introduced through the second extraction pipe 26 from the intermediate pressure turbine exchange heat, thereby heating the feed water. ..
  • the water supply heated by the medium pressure water supply heater 41 is discharged from the medium pressure water supply heater 41 and introduced into the high pressure water supply heater 42.
  • the high-pressure feed water heater 42 In the high-pressure feed water heater 42, the feed water introduced through the third feed water pipe 22 and the steam introduced through the third extraction pipe 27 from the high pressure turbine exchange heat with each other to heat the feed water.
  • the water supply heated by the high-pressure water supply heater 42 is discharged from the high-pressure water supply heater 42 to the fourth water supply pipe 23.
  • the water supply flowing through the fourth water supply pipe 23 is heated to about 290 to 300° C. (the temperature is an example in this embodiment and is not limited to this).
  • the water supplied through the fourth water supply pipe 23 is directly supplied to the economizer 38 provided in the boiler 3. Supplied.
  • the first water supply on-off valve 23a is closed and the second water supply on-off valve 43a is open, the total amount of water flowing through the fourth water supply pipe 23 flows into the bypass pipe 43.
  • the water supply flowing through the bypass pipe 43 is introduced into the solar heat utilization water supply heater 52.
  • the feed water is heated by heat exchange between the feed water and the heat medium flowing through the circulation flow path 50 (heat exchange step).
  • the water supply heated by the solar heat use feed water heater 52 is discharged from the solar heat use feed water heater 52, and again flows into the fourth water supply pipe 23 via the bypass pipe 43.
  • the feed water that has flowed into the fourth pipe is supplied to the economizer 38 provided in the boiler 3.
  • the supply water temperature Th at this time is raised to about 300 to 310° C. (the temperature is an example in the present embodiment and is not limited to this).
  • the water supplied to the economizer 38 is heated by exchanging heat with the combustion gas in the boiler 3 in the economizer 38.
  • the feed water heated by the economizer 38 is discharged from the economizer 38 and is supplied to the upstream superheater 34 via the fifth water supply pipe 24.
  • the feed water flowing through the fifth feed water pipe 24 becomes saturated steam due to the heat from the furnace 30, and is supplied to the upstream superheater 34.
  • a heat exchanger evaporator
  • the steam introduced via the fifth water supply pipe 24 and the combustion gas exchange heat with each other, so that the steam is superheated.
  • the steam superheated in the upstream superheater 34 is discharged from the upstream superheater 34 and introduced into the final superheat reducer 35.
  • the temperature of the steam is adjusted by spraying the spray water extracted from the fifth water supply pipe 24 onto the steam.
  • the steam discharged from the final superheat reducer 35 is introduced into the final superheater 36 via the second steam pipe 12.
  • the steam introduced through the second steam pipe 12 exchanges heat with the combustion gas, so that the steam is superheated.
  • the steam superheated in the final superheater 36 is discharged from the final superheater 36 and is output from the boiler 3 (steam generation step).
  • the steam discharged from the final superheater 36 is supplied to the high-pressure steam turbine 70 via the third steam pipe 13.
  • the steam supplied to the high-pressure steam turbine 70 rotates the high-pressure steam turbine 70 and is discharged from the high-pressure steam turbine 70.
  • the steam discharged from the high-pressure steam turbine 70 is supplied to the reheater 37 via the fourth steam pipe 14. That is, it is again introduced into the boiler 3.
  • the reheater 37 the steam introduced through the fourth steam pipe 14 and the combustion gas exchange heat with each other, whereby the steam is heated.
  • the steam heated by the reheater 37 is discharged from the reheater 37 and output again from the boiler 3.
  • the steam output from the reheater 37 is supplied to the intermediate pressure steam turbine 71 via the fifth steam pipe 15.
  • the steam supplied to the intermediate-pressure steam turbine 71 drives the intermediate-pressure steam turbine 71 to rotate and is discharged from the intermediate-pressure steam turbine 71.
  • the steam discharged from the medium-pressure steam turbine 71 is supplied to the low-pressure steam turbine 72 via the sixth steam pipe 16.
  • the steam supplied to the low-pressure steam turbine 72 rotates the low-pressure steam turbine 72 and is discharged from the low-pressure steam turbine 72.
  • the steam discharged from the low-pressure steam turbine 72 is supplied to the condenser 73 via the seventh steam pipe 17.
  • the steam supplied to the condenser 73 is condensed by being cooled.
  • the condensed steam (that is, water) serves as water supply and is introduced into the condensate pump 20a.
  • the heat medium discharged from the heat medium pump 53 flows through the circulation flow path 50 and is introduced into the solar heat collector 51.
  • the heat medium is heated from the energy generated by condensing the sunlight (heat medium heating step).
  • the heat medium discharged from the solar heat collector 51 flows through the circulation flow path 50 and is introduced into the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52.
  • heat is exchanged between the heat medium and the feed water (heat exchange step).
  • the heat medium temperature To at this time is raised to about 320 to 350° C. (the temperature is an example in the present embodiment and is not limited to this).
  • the heat medium discharged from the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52 is supplied to the heat medium pump 53.
  • the amount of energy generated by concentrating the solar heat collector 51 changes according to changes in the amount of solar radiation.
  • the heating amount of the heat medium in the solar heat collector 51 also changes.
  • the temperature of the circulating heating medium changes as the heating amount of the heating medium changes, the amount of heat exchanged between the heating medium and the feed water in the solar heat utilization feed water heater 52 also changes. Therefore, the temperature of the water supply supplied from the fourth water supply pipe 23 to the boiler 3 also changes.
  • the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler 3 also changes. In this way, when the amount of solar radiation changes, the temperature of the steam generated in the conventional boiler 3 also changes accordingly.
  • the temperature of steam generated in the boiler 3 is adjusted by adjusting both the amount of spray water supplied to the final superheat reducer 35 and the amount of fuel supplied to the boiler 3 by the control device. Is adjusted by suppressing the occurrence of time delay.
  • the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler 3 is controlled by the amount of spray water supplied to the final superheat reducer 35, and is controlled with excellent responsiveness with little time delay.
  • the amount of spray water increases, the flow rate of steam introduced into the upstream superheater 34 decreases, and the steam temperature at the inlet of the final superheat reducer 35 also fluctuates, so that the fuel supplied finally to the boiler 3 is supplied.
  • the essential heat balance in the boiler 3 is performed, and the generated steam temperature can be implemented by controlling the long-term balance fluctuation.
  • the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler 3 can be quickly set to the desired temperature, and Can be output.
  • the pressure of the steam generated in the boiler 3 can be stabilized at the desired pressure.
  • the temperature and pressure of the steam generated in the boiler 3 can be set to a desired temperature and pressure, and thus the amount of power generated by the generator 8 can be set to a desired amount of power generation.
  • the amount of power generated by the generator 8 can be made constant, electric power can be stably supplied. That is, even if the amount of solar radiation of the sunlight changes, the power output from the power generation plant 100 can be stably supplied at a desired power amount.
  • the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler 3 is adjusted by adjusting the amount of spray water supplied to the final superheat reducer 35 and the amount of fuel supplied to the boiler 3.
  • the boiler 3 is provided with adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the steam generated in the boiler 3.
  • the solar heat utilizing heating unit 5 may not be provided with an adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the heat medium, and the circulation flow rate of the heat medium may be a predetermined constant flow rate.
  • the solar heat utilization heating unit 5 does not have a configuration for adjusting the temperature of the heat medium by positively reducing the temperature of the heat medium by heating the heat medium with energy generated by concentrating sunlight.
  • the configuration provided with the configuration for adjusting the temperature such as the configuration provided with a device or the like for positively reducing the heat obtained from the sunlight, for example, was obtained from the sunlight when the amount of solar radiation changed.
  • a configuration in which energy is positively reduced to maintain the temperature of the heating medium after heating and the like to actively reduce heat obtained from sunlight there may be mentioned a configuration in which an adjusting unit that adjusts the temperature of the heating medium by changing the circulating flow rate of the heating medium is provided, or a configuration that provides an adjusting unit that adjusts the amount of water supplied for heat exchange with the heating medium.
  • the fuel supply amount is controlled in advance based on the temperature Th of the feed water immediately before being supplied to the economizer 38.
  • the economizer 38 is provided upstream of the final superheater 36 and the upstream superheater 34 in the above flow. That is, the economizer 38 is provided at a position closer to the solar heat utilization feed water heater 52 than the final superheater 36 and the upstream superheater 34.
  • the temperature of the water supply supplied to the economizer 38 changes more quickly than the temperature of the water supply or steam supplied to the heat exchanger provided on the downstream side.
  • the advance control of the fuel supply amount based on the temperature Th of the feed water immediately before being supplied to the economizer 38 makes it possible to more quickly respond to changes in the amount of solar radiation. Therefore, by adjusting both the amount of spray water supplied to the final superheat reducer 35 and the amount of fuel supplied to the boiler 3, the amount of fuel before the temperature of steam generated in the boiler 3 is adjusted.
  • the supply amount can be controlled in advance. Therefore, it is possible to control the fuel supply amount such that the steam temperature Tm generated in the boiler 3 becomes a desired temperature by more accurately and quickly suppressing the time delay to settling due to the time constant of the overall control system. You can
  • the advance control of the fuel supply amount may be performed based on the temperature To of the heat medium supplied from the solar heat collector 51 to the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52.
  • the heating amount of the heat medium in the solar heat collector 51 changes. Therefore, the heat medium temperature To supplied from the solar heat collector 51 to the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52 also changes. Therefore, the heat medium temperature To changes rapidly with respect to the change in the amount of solar radiation. Therefore, by controlling the supply amount of fuel in advance based on the heat medium temperature To, it is possible to more quickly respond to the change in the solar radiation amount.
  • the first water supply on-off valve is provided so that the water supply does not flow into the bypass pipe 43.
  • 23a and the second water supply on-off valve 43a are controlled. That is, when the feed water temperature Th or the heat medium temperature To is lower than the predetermined value, the feed water is not supplied to the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52.
  • the solar heat utilization feed water heater 52 can suppress cooling of the feed water by the heat medium. Even if the feed water does not flow into the bypass pipe 43, the feed water heaters 40, 41, and 42 can heat the feed water and control the temperature of the steam output from the boiler 3. The operation of 3 can be continued.
  • an oil-based heat medium is used as the heat medium that circulates in the solar heat utilization unit, as the heat medium that maintains the liquid phase even when the temperature rises and is unlikely to undergo phase change.
  • the upstream end of the bypass pipe (second bypass flow passage) 82 of the boiler system 81 is connected to the second water supply pipe 21 between the water supply pump 21a and the medium pressure water supply heater 41. That is, the bypass pipe 82 is provided so as to bypass the medium pressure water heater (second heat exchange section) 41 and the high pressure water heater (second heat exchange section) 42 from the downstream side of the water supply pump 21a.
  • the first water supply on-off valve 83 is provided between the branch portion of the bypass pipe 82 and the medium pressure water supply heater 41.
  • the first water supply on-off valve 83 is an on-off valve.
  • the bypass pipe 82 is provided with a second feed water opening/closing valve 43a which is an opening/closing valve and a third feed water flow rate adjusting valve 84 which is a flow rate adjusting valve.
  • the third water supply flow rate adjusting valve 84 is provided on the downstream side of the second water supply on-off valve 43a. Further, the third supply water flow rate adjusting valve 84 can adjust the flow rate of the supply water flowing inside the bypass pipe 82 by adjusting the opening degree.
  • the opening degree of the third water supply flow rate adjusting valve 84 is set such that the amount of water supply flowing into the bypass pipe 82 is, for example, about 10% to 50% with respect to the total amount of water supply.
  • the medium-pressure feed water heater 41 and the high-pressure feed water heater 42, and the solar-heat-use feed water heater 52 are provided in parallel, and both feed water is heated.
  • the medium-pressure feed water heater 41 and the high-pressure feed water heater 42, and the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52 are provided in parallel, and both feed water.
  • the amount of water supplied by the medium pressure water heater 41 and the high pressure water heater 42 can be reduced, so the amount of steam extracted through the second extraction pipe 26 of the intermediate pressure steam turbine 71 and the high pressure steam turbine 70.
  • the amount of steam extracted through the third extraction pipe 27 can be reduced. Therefore, the energy obtained in the steam turbine 7 can be increased, the amount of steam supplied to the steam turbine 7 can be reduced, and the fuel used for heating the feed water in the boiler 3 can be reduced.
  • the solar heat utilizing heating unit 91 uses water as a heat medium.
  • the solar heat use heating unit 91 includes a steam separator 92 provided between the solar heat collector 51 and the solar heat use feed water heater 52, A condenser 93 provided between the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52 and the heat medium pump 53 (hereinafter, referred to as "first heat medium pump 53"), the steam separator 92 and the circulation flow path 50 are connected.
  • a water pipe 94 is provided.
  • the water pipe 94 is provided with a second heat medium pump 95.
  • the steam separator 92 separates the heat medium heated by the solar heat collector 51 into a gas-liquid two-phase into water and steam.
  • the separated steam is supplied to the solar heat utilizing feed water heater 52 via the circulation flow path 50. Further, the separated water is supplied to the circulation flow path 50 between the first heat medium pump 53 and the solar heat collector 51 via the water pipe 94.
  • the condenser 93 condenses the heat medium (steam), which has heated the feed water by the solar water feed water heater 52, into water.
  • the following operational effects are exhibited.
  • inexpensive water or steam is used as the heat medium. Therefore, the cost of the heat medium can be reduced.
  • a steam separator 92 is provided, and only steam is supplied from the steam separator 92 to the solar-heated feed water heater 52. Thereby, since the solar water utilizing feed water heater 52 can heat the feed water only by the high temperature steam, the feed water supplied from the bypass pipe 43 can be suitably heated.
  • the fuel supply amount is controlled in advance based on the temperature change of the temperature Th of the feed water immediately before being supplied to the economizer 38, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the advance control of the fuel supply amount may be performed based on the temperature change of the temperature Te of the feed water discharged from the economizer 38.
  • Boiler system 2 Power generation part 3: Boiler 4: Water supply preheating part (second heat exchange part) 5: Solar heat heating unit 7: Steam turbine 8: Generator 11: First steam pipe 11a: First steam temperature measuring device 12: Second steam pipe 13: Third steam pipe 13a: Third steam temperature measuring device 13b: Steam pressure measuring device 13c: Steam flow control valve 14: Fourth steam pipe 15: Fifth steam pipe 16: Sixth steam pipe 17: Seventh steam pipe 20: First water supply pipe 20a: Condensate pump 21: Second water supply Pipe 21a: Water supply pump 22: Third water supply pipe 23: Fourth water supply pipe (water supply passage) 23a: First water supply on-off valve (switching means) 23b: 1st feed water temperature measuring device (feed water thermometer side means) 24: 5th water supply pipe 24a: 2nd water supply temperature measuring device 25: 1st extraction pipe 26: 2nd extraction pipe 27: 3rd extraction pipe 30: furnace 31: burner 32: flue 33: fuel pipe (fuel supply passage) ) 33a: Fuel flow rate adjusting valve

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention vise à avoir la température de vapeur, générée par une chaudière, à une température souhaitée même lorsque des variations de rayonnement solaire se produisent. Un système de chaudière (1) comprend : une chaudière (3) qui génère de la vapeur à partir d'eau d'alimentation ; une quatrième conduite d'eau d'alimentation (23) à travers laquelle passe de l'eau d'alimentation fournie à la chaudière (3) ; un collecteur de chaleur solaire (51) qui chauffe un milieu de transfert de chaleur en utilisant la chaleur générée par la collecte de chaleur solaire ; un canal de circulation (50) qui fait circuler le milieu de transfert de chaleur ; un chauffe-eau d'alimentation solaire (52) qui effectue un échange de chaleur entre l'eau d'alimentation s'écoulant à travers la quatrième conduite d'eau d'alimentation (23) et le milieu de transfert de chaleur s'écoulant à travers le canal de circulation (50) ; et une vanne de régulation de volume d'eau de pulvérisation (39a) et une vanne de régulation de débit de combustible (33a) qui sont disposées dans la chaudière (3) et qui régulent la température de la vapeur générée par la chaudière (3).
PCT/JP2019/039942 2018-11-30 2019-10-10 Système de chaudière, centrale de production d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement de système de chaudière WO2020110473A1 (fr)

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