WO2020103344A1 - 一种基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置 - Google Patents

一种基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置

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Publication number
WO2020103344A1
WO2020103344A1 PCT/CN2019/075024 CN2019075024W WO2020103344A1 WO 2020103344 A1 WO2020103344 A1 WO 2020103344A1 CN 2019075024 W CN2019075024 W CN 2019075024W WO 2020103344 A1 WO2020103344 A1 WO 2020103344A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
traction
clamping
iron block
ring
clamping mechanism
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/075024
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张军
文川
刘甫
江桂升
赵晓通
李义斌
鲁亚明
张新荣
叶敏
Original Assignee
长安大学
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 长安大学 filed Critical 长安大学
Publication of WO2020103344A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020103344A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D22/00—Methods or apparatus for repairing or strengthening existing bridges ; Methods or apparatus for dismantling bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/10—Railings; Protectors against smoke or gases, e.g. of locomotives; Maintenance travellers; Fastening of pipes or cables to bridges
    • E01D19/106—Movable inspection or maintenance platforms, e.g. travelling scaffolding or vehicles specially designed to provide access to the undersides of bridges

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of bridge pier detection, and relates to a bridge pier detection device, in particular to a bridge pier detection device based on an electromagnetic spring.
  • crawling devices There are many applications of crawling devices in other fields, including crawling devices with vertical ladders, crawling devices with double spirals, crawling devices with wheels, etc.
  • crawling devices are applied to bridge pier detection, the following disadvantages will occur: 1. Because the piers bear different weights and the diameter and specifications of each type of piers are different, the application range of each crawling device in the traditional way is narrow; 2. The traditional crawling device is large in size, the crawling mechanism is complex, and the power mechanism uses a motor, which is not easy It is waterproof, but the pier needs to be tested underwater and must be waterproof; 3. The traditional crawling mechanism only plays the role of crawling, bears a small weight, and cannot carry high-quality equipment for testing. 4. Traditional crawling mechanism and clamping mechanism are difficult to achieve automatic control.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a bridge pier detection device based on an electromagnetic spring type, which solves the technical problem that the detection device in the prior art easily slips under a large bearing capacity.
  • An electromagnetic spring-type bridge pier detection device includes a bridge pier detection sensor, and also includes an upper clamping mechanism, a lower clamping mechanism, and a traction mechanism.
  • the structure of the upper clamping mechanism and the lower clamping mechanism are the same;
  • the upper clamping mechanism includes a casing, an upper clamping body and a lower clamping body, and the casing, the upper clamping body and the lower clamping body are divided into symmetrical with the axial plane where the diameter lies as the dividing plane
  • the two symmetrical parts of the upper clamping body are connected by a hinge between the adjacent ends of the two symmetrical parts of the upper clamping body, and the symmetrical two parts of the upper clamping body are detachable by connecting the end plates between the other ends connection;
  • Two adjacent ends of the symmetrical two parts of the lower clamping body are connected by a hinge, and the other adjacent ends of the two symmetrical parts of the lower clamping body are detachably connected by connecting end plates;
  • the two ends of the shell are open, the top of the shell is fixed with a top fixing ring plate, the bottom of the shell is fixed with a bottom limiting ring plate, and the ring top plate of the upper clamping body is fixedly installed on the top On the ring plate, the lower clamping body is sleeved in the casing between the upper clamping body and the bottom limiting ring plate, and the lower clamping body can move up and down in the axial direction in the casing;
  • the upper clamping body includes a ring top plate, an inner ring wall and an outer ring wall arranged coaxially, the top ends of the inner ring wall and the outer ring wall are consolidated with the ring top plate, and an inner ring wall and an outer ring wall are provided between
  • the clamping cavity with an open bottom end, the channel between the ring top plate and the center of the inner ring wall is the upper pier channel;
  • a plurality of clamping support body mounting holes are symmetrically machined on the inner ring wall, each clamping support body mounting hole is provided with a clamping support body, and the clamping support body includes mounting holes for the clamping support body Matching radial push rod, one end of the radial push rod extending into the upper pier channel is equipped with a clamping push head matched with the bridge pier, and the radial push rod is provided with an upper slope on the other end in the clamping cavity;
  • the clamping cavity is provided with a plurality of clamping electromagnets fixed on the bottom surface of the ring top plate;
  • a plurality of mounting holes are symmetrically processed on the ring top plate
  • the lower clamping body includes a ring bottom plate, and the channel in the center of the ring bottom plate is the lower pier channel, and the lower pier channel is coaxially arranged with the upper upper pier channel and has the same inner diameter;
  • a plurality of wedge-shaped pushers matched with the clamping support are symmetrically arranged on the top surface of the ring base plate, and the wedge-shaped pusher is provided with a lower inclined surface matched with the upper inclined surface;
  • a plurality of clamping iron blocks matched with the clamping electromagnet are symmetrically arranged on the top surface of the ring base plate; the clamping electromagnet attracts the clamping iron block by electromagnetic force so that the lower clamping body moves axially upward, and the wedge shape pushes The head pushes the clamping support to move radially inwards, clamping the pier;
  • the top surface of the ring base plate is symmetrically processed with a plurality of spring passing holes arranged coaxially with the mounting holes;
  • the traction mechanism includes a traction shaft installed in the mounting hole of the upper clamping mechanism, a through rope hole is machined along the axial direction in the traction shaft, and the portion of the traction shaft extending beyond the ring top plate of the upper clamping mechanism is close to A traction electromagnet is installed at the position of the ring top plate, and a traction iron block capable of moving on the traction shaft as a guide rail is also sleeved on the traction shaft;
  • One end of the traction shaft extending into the clamping cavity is fixed with an end of the axial return spring, and the other end of the axial return spring passes through the spring through hole of the upper clamping mechanism and is fixed to the mounting hole on the ring top plate of the lower clamping mechanism ;
  • One end of the traction iron is fixedly installed with a traction rope, the other end of the traction rope passes through the rope hole and is fixed to the installation hole on the ring top plate of the lower clamping mechanism through the axial return spring; the traction electromagnet is energized to attract the traction Iron block, traction iron block pulls the traction rope so that the lower clamping mechanism moves axially relative to the upper clamping mechanism;
  • the bridge pier detection sensor is installed in the upper pier channel.
  • the invention also has the following technical features:
  • the inner wall of the casing is provided with a guide groove along the axial direction, and the side wall of the lower clamping body is provided with a guide rail matched with the guide groove.
  • a return spring is installed between the radial push rod and the inner ring wall.
  • a rubber layer is arranged on the clamping pusher.
  • the radial push rod is divided into an installation section and a telescopic section.
  • the telescopic section is fitted in the installation section and locked by a fastening bolt, so that the length of the radial push rod can be adjusted, and the telescopic section is connected to the clamping push head.
  • the end of the traction shaft extending out of the ring top plate of the upper clamping mechanism is processed with a rope groove.
  • the traction iron block includes an inner iron block and an outer iron block.
  • a sliding channel matched with the traction shaft is processed in the center of the inner iron block.
  • a limit flange is provided at the end of the inner iron block away from the traction electromagnet. On the inner iron block, the limit flange limits the outer iron block; the height of the inner iron block is greater than the height of the outer iron block,
  • the traction iron block has a multi-stage structure.
  • the outer iron block is also covered with an outer iron block and is limited by a limiting flange.
  • the height of the outer iron block is gradually reduced from inside to outside, and the traction rope is fixed at the most Inside the traction rope installation hole of the outer iron block.
  • the device of the present invention uses a strong mechanical clamping mechanism to clamp the pier, which can bear a large dead weight, will not slip during the detection process, and has good stability.
  • the present invention uses a combination of electromagnets and springs to provide power.
  • the work is simple. Because there is no water-resistant material such as a motor, it can be made into a waterproof device to achieve underwater detection of bridge piers.
  • the device of the present invention is adaptable to bridge piers of different diameters.
  • Bridge piers of different diameter specifications only need to adjust the length of the clamping support to realize the clamping function of the bridge piers with wide application range and simple operation. Small size and light weight.
  • the device of the present invention can realize its traction and clamping functions only by controlling the power on and off, so it is easy to realize automation.
  • the device of the present invention replaces manual detection, and solves the problems of low efficiency of manual detection and danger of working at height or underwater.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the upper clamping mechanism.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the housing.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an upper clamping body.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a lower clamping body.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the clamping support.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the traction mechanism.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the traction mechanism located outside the ring top plate.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the traction mechanism located outside the ring top plate.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the traction iron block.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the traction iron block.
  • this embodiment provides an electromagnetic spring-type bridge pier detection device, as shown in FIGS. 1-12, which includes a pier detection sensor, and also includes an upper clamping mechanism 1, a lower clamping mechanism 2, and traction Mechanism 3, the structure of the upper clamping mechanism 1 and the lower clamping mechanism 2 are the same;
  • the upper clamping mechanism 1 includes a casing 101, an upper clamping body 102, and a lower clamping body 103.
  • the casing 101, the upper clamping body 102, and the lower clamping body 103 are all axially at the diameter
  • the plane is a dividing plane divided into two symmetrical parts, the adjacent one end of the symmetrical two parts of the casing 101 is connected by a hinge 104, and the adjacent two ends of the symmetrical two parts of the casing 101 are connected Removable connection through the connecting end plate 105; the symmetrical two parts of the lower clamping body 103 are connected to each other by a hinge 104, and the symmetrical two parts of the lower clamping body 103 are adjacent to the other end Removable connection between the end plate 105;
  • the two ends of the casing 101 are open, the top of the casing 101 is fixed with a top fixed ring plate 106, the bottom of the casing 101 is fixed with a bottom limiting ring plate 107, and the ring of the upper clamping body 102
  • the top plate 10201 is fixedly mounted on the top fixed ring plate 106, and the lower clamping body 103 is sleeved in the casing 101 between the upper clamping body 102 and the bottom limiting ring plate 107, and the lower clamping body 103 is on the casing Can move up and down along the axis in 101;
  • the upper clamping body 102 includes a ring top plate 10201, a coaxial inner ring wall 10202 and an outer ring wall 10203, the top ends of the inner ring wall 10202 and the outer ring wall 10203 are consolidated with the ring top plate 10201, and the inner ring wall 10202 A clamping cavity 10204 with an open bottom is provided between the outer ring wall 10203, and the channel at the center of the ring top plate 10201 and the inner ring wall 10202 is the upper pier channel 10205;
  • a plurality of clamping support body mounting holes 10206 are symmetrically machined on the inner ring wall 10202, each clamping support body mounting hole 10206 has a clamping support body 10207 installed therein, and the clamping support body 10207 includes A radial push rod 1020701 matched with the tight support mounting hole 10206.
  • One end of the radial push rod 1020701 extending into the upper pier channel 10205 is provided with a clamping push head 1020702 matched with the bridge pier, and the radial push rod 1020701 is located in the clamping cavity
  • An upper slope 10208 is provided on the other end within 10204;
  • a plurality of clamping electromagnets 10209 fixed on the bottom surface of the ring top plate 10201 are provided in the clamping cavity 10204;
  • a plurality of mounting holes 10210 are symmetrically processed on the ring top plate 10201;
  • the lower clamping body 103 includes a ring bottom plate 10301, and the channel in the center of the ring bottom plate 10301 is a lower pier channel 10302.
  • the lower pier channel 10302 and the upper upper pier channel 10205 are coaxially arranged and have the same inner diameter;
  • a plurality of wedge-shaped push heads 10303 matched with the clamping body are symmetrically arranged on the top surface of the ring base plate 10301, and the wedge-shaped push head 10303 is provided with a lower inclined surface 10304 matched with the upper inclined surface;
  • a plurality of clamping iron blocks 10305 matched with the clamping electromagnet 10209 are symmetrically arranged on the top surface of the ring base plate 10301; the clamping electromagnet 10209 attracts the clamping iron block 10305 by electromagnetic force to make the lower clamping body 102 axis Moving upward, the wedge-shaped push head 10303 pushes the clamping support 10207 to move radially inward, clamping the pier;
  • the top surface of the ring base plate 10301 is symmetrically processed with a plurality of spring passing holes 10306 coaxially arranged with the mounting holes 10210;
  • the traction mechanism 3 includes a traction shaft 301 installed in the mounting hole 10210 of the upper clamping mechanism 1, a traverse rope hole 302 is machined along the axial direction in the traction shaft 301, and the traction shaft 301 extends out of the upper clamping mechanism
  • a traction electromagnet 303 is installed on a portion of the ring top plate 10201 near the ring top plate 10201, and a traction iron block 304 capable of moving on the traction shaft 301 as a guide rail is also fitted on the traction shaft 301;
  • One end of the traction shaft 301 extending into the clamping cavity 10204 is fixed with one end of the axial return spring 305, and the other end of the axial return spring 305 passes through the spring through hole 10306 of the upper clamping mechanism 1 and is fixed to the lower clamp
  • the bridge pier detection sensor 4 is installed in the upper pier passage 10205.
  • the pier detection sensor 4 is installed on the clamping pusher 1020702 in the upper pier channel 10205, closer to the pier, and the detection result is more accurate.
  • the bridge pier detection sensor 4 can select corresponding common pier detection sensors or data collectors, such as sonar probes, as needed.
  • the symmetrical two parts of the upper clamping body 102 are connected between adjacent ends through a hinge 104, and the symmetrical two parts of the upper clamping body 102 are adjacent between the other ends
  • the connection end plate 105 is detachably connected.
  • the connecting end plate 105 on the upper clamping body 102 and the connecting end plate 105 on the housing 201 can be stacked together and fixedly connected by bolts.
  • the inner wall of the housing 101 is provided with a guide groove 108 along the axial direction
  • the side wall of the lower clamping body 103 is provided with a guide rail 109 that cooperates with the guide groove 108.
  • a return spring 10211 is installed between the radial push rod 1020701 and the inner ring wall 10202. It is convenient for quickly resetting the entire clamping support 10207.
  • a rubber layer 1020703 is provided on the clamping pusher 1020702.
  • the rubber layer 1020703 plays a buffering role, which can make the clamping pusher 1020702 and the bridge pier better fit and fix, and also play a certain anti-slip effect, increasing the overall load-bearing capacity.
  • the radial push rod 1020701 is divided into an installation section 102070101 and a telescopic section 102070102.
  • the telescopic section 102070102 is fitted in the installation section 102070101 and locked by a fastening bolt 102070103, so that the radial push rod 1020701
  • the length can be adjusted, and the telescopic section 102070102 is connected to the clamping pusher 1020702. Retractable adjustment can better adapt to various bridge piers.
  • the end of the traction shaft 301 extending out of the ring top plate 10201 of the upper clamping mechanism 1 is processed with a rope groove 307 to better distribute the cable and evenly bear the force.
  • the traction iron block includes an inner iron block 30401 and an outer iron block 30402.
  • the inner iron block 30401 has a sliding channel 30403 matched with the traction shaft 301 at the center, and the inner iron block 30401 is away from the traction electromagnet
  • a limit flange 30404 is provided at one end of 303, an outer iron block 30402 is sleeved on the inner iron block 30401, and the limit flange 30404 limits the outer iron block 30402; the height of the inner iron block 30401 is greater than the height of the outer iron block 30402.
  • the traction iron block 304 has a multi-stage structure
  • the outer iron block 30402 is also covered with an outer iron block and is limited by a limiting flange, and the height of the multi-stage outer iron block is gradually stepped from inside to outside Reduced, the traction rope 306 is fixed in the traction rope installation hole 308 of the outermost outer iron block.
  • the multi-stage structure can increase the traction stroke of the traction rope 306, and at the same time, the traction electromagnet 10209 can magnetically attract the traction iron block 304 step by step. Adsorption capacity.
  • the first step install the upper clamping body 102 in the upper clamping mechanism 1 and the lower clamping mechanism 2, open the set bolts in the upper clamping body 102 connecting the end plates 105, and place the upper clamping body 102 in On the pier, further fix the set bolts.
  • the second step is to further adjust the relative position of the mounting section 102070101 and the telescopic section 102070102 according to the diameter of the pier by adjusting the fastening bolts 102070103 to further achieve the purpose of adjusting the length of the clamping body 10207 so that the clamping pusher 1020702 is away from the pier surface A suitable clamping position.
  • the third step is to install the lower clamping body 103, open the fastening bolts in the lower clamping body 103 connecting the end plates 105, install 103 on the pier, and further fix the fastening bolts.
  • the fourth step is to install the housing 101, connect the top fixed ring plate 106 and the ring top plate 10201 on the upper clamping body 102 through a fixing bolt, check the integrity of the guide groove 108 and the guide rail 109, whether the guide rail 109 is in The guide groove 108 slides up and down.
  • the fifth step is to turn on the bridge pier detection sensor 4 and start to detect the pier.
  • the upper clamping electromagnet 10209 of the upper clamping mechanism 1 is energized, and the clamping iron block 10305 of the upper clamping mechanism 1 is attracted.
  • the lower clamping body 103 moves upward, passing through the upper inclined surface 10208 and the lower
  • the cooperation of the inclined surface 10304 causes the wedge-shaped pusher 10303 to push the clamping support 10207 upward into the pier channel 10205, and further makes the rubber layer 1020703 fit the surface of the pier, so that the upper clamping mechanism 1 clamps the pier.
  • the traction electromagnet 303 of the traction mechanism 3 is energized, and the inner iron block 30401 is attracted.
  • the outer iron block 30402 moves on the inner iron block 30401 and continues to be attracted.
  • the traction rope 306 connected to the outer iron block 30402 is driven to traction, and the traction rope 306 performs a traction movement.
  • the axial return spring 305 is compressed, and at the same time, the lower clamping mechanism 2 is raised relative to the upper clamping mechanism 1.
  • the lower clamping mechanism 2 is energized in the same way as the sixth step to clamp the upper clamping mechanism 1 on the bridge pier.
  • the clamping electromagnet 10209 of the upper clamping mechanism 1 is de-energized, and the clamping support body 10207 returns to the initial position through the compressed return spring 10211.
  • the lower clamping body 103 is released and falls to the bottom limit On the position ring plate 107, the upper clamping mechanism 1 is detached from the bridge pier, and the unclamped state is handled.
  • the disengagement process between the lower clamping mechanism and the bridge pier is the same.
  • the rebound force of the compressed axial return spring 305 pushes up the upper clamping mechanism 1 to complete a creeping climbing process along the bridge pier.
  • the whole device descends.
  • the clamping and detaching methods between the upper clamping mechanism 1, the lower clamping mechanism 2 and the bridge pier are the same as the creeping climbing process, the difference is that the lower clamping mechanism 2 and the pier are clamped first, and the upper clamping mechanism 1 First detached from the pier, and then pulled by the traction mechanism 3, so that the upper clamping mechanism 1 moves downward relative to the lower clamping mechanism 2, and the axial return spring 305 is compressed, and finally the upper clamping mechanism 1 is clamped between the bridge pier, The lower clamping mechanism 2 is disengaged from the bridge pier, and the rebound force of the compressed axial return spring 305 pushes the lower clamping mechanism 2 down to complete a creeping descending process along the bridge pier.
  • the twelfth step repeating the process of the eleventh step, keeps on and off the electromagnet until it descends to the bottom position of the bridge pier, further realizing the working process of the electromagnetic spring type bridge pier detection device.

Abstract

一种基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，包括上夹紧机构（1）、下夹紧机构（2）和牵引机构（3），所述的上夹紧机构（1）和下夹紧机构（2）的结构相同；所述的上夹紧机构（1）包括壳体（101）、上部夹紧体（102）和下部夹紧体（103），所述的上部夹紧体（102）的环顶板（10201）固定安装在顶部固定环板（106）上，下部夹紧体（103）在壳体（10）内能够沿着轴向升降运动；夹紧电磁铁（10209）通电磁力吸附夹紧铁块（10305）使得下部夹紧体（103）轴向上移，楔形推头（10303）推动夹紧支体（10207）径向向内移动，夹紧桥墩；牵引电磁铁（303）通电吸引牵引铁块（304），牵引铁块（304）拉动牵引绳（306）使得下夹紧机构（2）相对于上夹紧机构（1）轴向运动。该桥墩检测装置采用强力的机械夹紧机构夹紧桥墩，能够承载较大的自重，检测过程中不会打滑，稳定性好。

Description

一种基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置 技术领域
本发明属于桥墩检测领域，涉及桥墩检测装置，具体涉及一种基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置。
背景技术
现代以来，我国交通有了大规模的发展，无论是高铁还是桥梁，基于桥墩建立的高架桥必不可少，但是对于桥墩的检测，目前桥墩检测大多为人工带回弹仪或者雷达检测，借助高空作业车平台或者起重机平台，将人吊装上去检测，成本大，并且受地形限制，对于山区等起重机无法驶入区域难以应用，无法实现桥墩结构安全性的周期性检测，也无法及时维护，影响桥梁安全性。所以提供一种桥墩检测装置是必不可少的。关于爬行装置在其他领域的应用非常多，有用竖梯的爬行装置，有用双螺旋的爬行装置，也有用轮子的爬行装置等等，但是在这些爬行装置应用在桥墩检测方面的话会出现以下缺点：1.因为桥墩承受重量不一样，每种桥墩的直径大小规格不一样，所以传统方式的每种爬行装置适用范围窄；2.传统爬行装置体积大，爬行机构复杂，动力机构用到电动机，不易做到防水，然而桥墩需要水下检测，必须要防水；3.传统爬行机构只起到爬行的作用，承受重量小，不能携带质量大的设备进行检测。4.传统爬行机构和夹紧机构难以实现自动化控制。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足与缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，解决现有技术中的检测装置在较大承载力情况下容易打滑的技术问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请采用如下技术方案予以实现：
一种基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，包括桥墩检测传感器，还包括上夹紧机构、下夹紧机构和牵引机构，所述的上夹紧机构和下夹紧机构的结构相同；
所述的上夹紧机构包括壳体、上部夹紧体和下部夹紧体，所述的壳体、上部夹紧体和下部夹紧体均以直径所在的轴向平面为分割面分割为对称的两部分，所述的上部夹紧体对称的两部分相邻的一端之间通过合页相连，所述的上部夹紧体对称的两部分相邻的另一端之间通过连接端板可拆卸连接；
所述的下部夹紧体对称的两部分相邻的一端之间通过合页相连，所述的下部夹紧体对称的两部分相邻的另一端之间通过连接端板可拆卸连接；
所述的壳体两端开放，壳体的顶端固结有顶部固定环板，壳体的底端固结有底部限位环板，所述的上部夹紧体的环顶板固定安装在顶部固定环板上，所述的下部夹紧体套装在上部夹紧体和底部限位环板之间的壳体内，下部夹紧体在壳体内能够沿着轴向升降运动；
所述的上部夹紧体包括环顶板、同轴设置的内环壁和外环壁，内环壁和外环壁的顶端与环顶板相固结，内环壁和外环壁之间设置有底端开放的夹紧腔，环顶板与内环壁中心的通道为上桥墩通道；
所述的内环壁上对称加工有多个夹紧支体安装孔，每个夹紧支体安装孔内安装有夹紧支体，所述的夹紧支体包括与夹紧支体安装孔相配合的径向推杆，径向推杆伸入上桥墩通道的一端安装有与桥墩相配合的夹紧推头，径向推杆位于夹紧腔内的另一端上设置有上斜面；
所述的夹紧腔内设置有多个固结在环顶板底面上的多个夹紧电磁铁；
所述的环顶板上对称加工有多个安装孔；
所述的下部夹紧体包括环底板，环底板中心的通道为下桥墩通道，下桥墩通道与上上桥墩通道同轴设置且内径相等；
所述的环底板的顶面上对称布设有多个与夹紧支体相配合的楔形推头，楔形推头上设置有与上斜面相配合的下斜面；
所述的环底板的顶面上对称设置有多个与夹紧电磁铁相配合的夹紧铁块；夹紧电磁铁通电磁力吸附夹紧铁块使得下部夹紧体轴向上移，楔形推头推动夹紧支体径向向内移动，夹紧桥墩；
所述的环底板的顶面上对称加工有多个与安装孔同轴设置的弹簧穿过孔；
所述的牵引机构包括安装在上夹紧机构的安装孔内的牵引轴，牵引轴内沿着轴向加工有贯通的走绳孔，牵引轴伸出上夹紧机构的环顶板的部分上靠近环顶板的位置上安装有牵引电磁铁，牵引轴上还套装有能够以牵引轴为导轨运动的牵引铁块；
牵引轴伸入夹紧腔的一端上固定有轴向复位弹簧的一端，轴向复位弹簧的另一端穿过上夹紧机构的弹簧穿过孔固定在下夹紧机构的环顶板上的安装孔上；牵引铁块上固定安装有牵引绳的一端，牵引绳的另一端穿过走绳孔且穿过轴向复位弹簧固定在下夹紧机构的环顶板上的安装孔上；牵引电磁铁通电吸引牵引铁块，牵引铁块拉动牵引绳使得下夹紧机构相对于上夹紧机构轴向运动；
所述的桥墩检测传感器安装在上桥墩通道内。
本发明还具有如下技术特征：
所述的壳体内壁沿着轴向设置有导槽，所述的下夹紧体的侧壁上设置有与导槽相配合的导轨。
所述的径向推杆和内环壁之间安装有复位弹簧。
所述的夹紧推头上设置有一层橡胶层。
所述的径向推杆分为安装段和伸缩段，伸缩段套装在安装段内通过紧固螺栓锁定，使得径向推杆的长度能够调节，伸缩段与夹紧推头相连。
所述的牵引轴伸出上夹紧机构的环顶板的端部加工有走绳槽。
所述的牵引铁块包括内铁块和外铁块，内铁块中心加工有与牵引轴相配合的滑动通道，内铁块远离牵引电磁铁的一端设置有限位凸缘，外铁块套装在内铁块上，限位凸缘对外铁块进行限位；内铁块的高度大于外铁块的高度，
所述的牵引铁块为多级结构，外铁块上还套装有外铁块且通过限位凸缘限位，外铁块的高度从内至外依次逐级减小，牵引绳固定在最外侧的外铁块的牵引绳安装孔内。
本发明与现有技术相比，有益的技术效果是：
(Ⅰ)本发明的装置采用强力的机械夹紧机构夹紧桥墩，能够承载较大的自重，检测过程中不会打滑，稳定性好。
(Ⅱ)本发明应用电磁铁和弹簧组合的方式提供动力，工作简单，因为没有了电动机等不耐水材料，所以可做成防水装置，实现桥墩的水下检测。
(Ⅲ)本发明的装置对变径的桥墩有适应性，不同直径规格范围的桥墩只需要调节夹紧支体的长度，就可实现变径桥墩的夹紧功能，适用范围广，操作简单，体积小，质量轻。
(Ⅳ)本发明的装置由于电磁铁只需要控制通断电就可以实现其牵引以及夹紧功能，因此易实现自动化。
(Ⅴ)本发明的装置代替了人工的检测，解决了人工检测的低效率，且高空作业或水下作业危险的难题。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图。
图2是本发明的俯视图。
图3是上夹紧机构的内部结构示意图。
图4是壳体的结构示意图。
图5是上部夹紧体的结构示意图。
图6是下部夹紧体的结构示意图。
图7是夹紧支体的结构示意图。
图8是牵引机构的内部结构示意图。
图9是牵引机构位于环顶板外部的结构示意图。
图10是牵引机构位于环顶板外部的内部结构示意图。
图11是牵引铁块的结构示意图。
图12是牵引铁块的内部结构示意图。
图中各个标号的含义为：1-上夹紧机构，2-下夹紧机构，3-牵引机构，4-桥墩检测传感器；
101-壳体，102-上部夹紧体，103-下部夹紧体，104-合页，105-连接端板，106-顶部固定环板，107-底部限位环板，108-导槽，109-导轨；
10201-环顶板，10202-内环壁，10203-外环壁，10204-夹紧腔，10205-上桥墩通道，10206-夹紧支体安装孔，10207-夹紧支体，10208-上斜面，10209-夹紧电磁铁，10210-安装孔，10211-复位弹簧；
1020701-径向推杆，1020702-夹紧推头，1020703-橡胶层；
102070101-安装段，102070102-伸缩段，102070103-紧固螺栓；
10301-环底板，10302-下桥墩通道，10303-楔形推头，10304-下斜面，10305-夹紧铁块，10306-弹簧穿过孔；
301-牵引轴，302-走绳孔，303-牵引电磁铁，304-牵引铁块，305-轴向复位弹簧，306-牵引绳，307-走绳槽，308-牵引绳安装孔；
30401-内铁块。30402-外铁块。30403-滑动通道。30404-限位凸缘。
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的具体内容作进一步详细解释说明。
具体实施方式
以下给出本发明的具体实施例，需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实施例，凡在本申请技术方案基础上做的等同变换均落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：
遵从上述技术方案，本实施例给出一种基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，如图1至图12所示，包括桥墩检测传感器，还包括上夹紧机构1、下夹紧机构2和牵引机构3，所述的上夹紧机构1和下夹紧机构2的结构相同；
所述的上夹紧机构1包括壳体101、上部夹紧体102和下部夹紧体103，所述的壳体101、上部夹紧体102和下部夹紧体103均以直径所在的轴向平面为分割面分割为对称的两部分，所述的壳体101对称的两部分相邻的一端之间通过合页104相连，所述的壳体101对称的两部分相邻的另一端之间通过连接端板105可拆卸连接；所述的下部夹紧体103对称的两部分相邻的一端之间通过合页104相连，所述的下部夹紧体103对称的两部分相邻的另一端之间通过连接端板105可拆卸连接；
所述的壳体101两端开放，壳体101的顶端固结有顶部固定环板106，壳体101的底端固结有底部限位环板107，所述的上部夹紧体102的环顶板10201固定安装在顶部固定环板106上，所述的下部夹紧体103套装在上部夹紧体 102和底部限位环板107之间的壳体101内，下部夹紧体103在壳体101内能够沿着轴向升降运动；
所述的上部夹紧体102包括环顶板10201、同轴设置的内环壁10202和外环壁10203，内环壁10202和外环壁10203的顶端与环顶板10201相固结，内环壁10202和外环壁10203之间设置有底端开放的夹紧腔10204，环顶板10201与内环壁10202中心的通道为上桥墩通道10205；
所述的内环壁10202上对称加工有多个夹紧支体安装孔10206，每个夹紧支体安装孔10206内安装有夹紧支体10207，所述的夹紧支体10207包括与夹紧支体安装孔10206相配合的径向推杆1020701，径向推杆1020701伸入上桥墩通道10205的一端安装有与桥墩相配合的夹紧推头1020702，径向推杆1020701位于夹紧腔10204内的另一端上设置有上斜面10208；
所述的夹紧腔10204内设置有多个固结在环顶板10201底面上的多个夹紧电磁铁10209；
所述的环顶板10201上对称加工有多个安装孔10210；
所述的下部夹紧体103包括环底板10301，环底板10301中心的通道为下桥墩通道10302，下桥墩通道10302与上上桥墩通道10205同轴设置且内径相等；
所述的环底板10301的顶面上对称布设有多个与夹紧体相配合的楔形推头10303，楔形推头10303上设置有与上斜面相配合的下斜面10304；
所述的环底板10301的顶面上对称设置有多个与夹紧电磁铁10209相配合的夹紧铁块10305；夹紧电磁铁10209通电磁力吸附夹紧铁块10305使得下部夹紧体102轴向上移，楔形推头10303推动夹紧支体10207径向向内移动，夹紧桥墩；
所述的环底板10301的顶面上对称加工有多个与安装孔10210同轴设置的弹簧穿过孔10306；
所述的牵引机构3包括安装在上夹紧机构1的安装孔10210内的牵引轴301，牵引轴301内沿着轴向加工有贯通的走绳孔302，牵引轴301伸出上夹紧机构1的环顶板10201的部分上靠近环顶板10201的位置上安装有牵引电磁铁303，牵引轴301上还套装有能够以牵引轴301为导轨运动的牵引铁块304；
所述的牵引轴301伸入夹紧腔10204的一端上固定有轴向复位弹簧305的一端，轴向复位弹簧305的另一端穿过上夹紧机构1的弹簧穿过孔10306固定在下夹紧机构2的环顶板10201上的安装孔10210上；牵引铁块304上固定安装有牵引绳306的一端，牵引绳306的另一端穿过走绳孔302且穿过轴向复位弹簧305固定在下夹紧机构2的环顶板10201上的安装孔10210上；牵引电磁铁10209通电磁力吸附牵引铁块304，牵引铁块304拉动牵引绳306使得下夹紧机构2相对于上夹紧机构1轴向运动；
所述的桥墩检测传感器4安装在上桥墩通道10205内。
作为本实施例的一种优选方案，桥墩检测传感器4安装在上桥墩通道10205内的夹紧推头1020702上，更贴近桥墩，检测结果更精准。桥墩检测传感器4可以根据需要选用相应的桥墩检测常用传感器或数据采集器，例如声呐探头等。
作为本实施例的一种优选方案，上部夹紧体102对称的两部分相邻的一端之间通过合页104相连，所述的上部夹紧体102对称的两部分相邻的另一端之间通过连接端板105可拆卸连接。通过合页104可以方便将整个装置分成两半，方便快速安装在桥墩上，也方便拆卸。上部夹紧体102上的连接端板105可以和壳体201上的连接端板105叠放在一起通过螺栓固定连接。
作为本实施例的一种优选方案，壳体101内壁沿着轴向设置有导槽108，所述的下夹紧体103的侧壁上设置有与导槽108相配合的导轨109。使得下夹紧体103在轴向反复运动过程中不会沿着周向转动，保证上下各个零部件之间的精准对应。
作为本实施例的一种优选方案，径向推杆1020701和内环壁10202之间安装有复位弹簧10211。便于快速将整个夹紧支体10207快速复位。
作为本实施例的一种优选方案，夹紧推头1020702上设置有一层橡胶层1020703。橡胶层1020703起到缓冲作用，能够使得夹紧推头1020702与桥墩之间更好地贴合固定，也起到一定的防滑作用，增加整体的承重能力。
作为本实施例的一种优选方案，所述的径向推杆1020701分为安装段102070101和伸缩段102070102，伸缩段102070102套装在安装段102070101内通过紧固螺栓102070103锁定，使得径向推杆1020701的长度能够调节，伸缩段102070102与夹紧推头1020702相连。可伸缩调节可以更好地适应各种桥墩。
作为本实施例的一种优选方案，牵引轴301伸出上夹紧机构1的环顶板10201的端部加工有走绳槽307更好地分索，均匀受力。
作为本实施例的一种优选方案，牵引铁块包括内铁块30401和外铁块30402，内铁块30401中心加工有与牵引轴301相配合的滑动通道30403，内铁块30401远离牵引电磁铁303的一端设置有限位凸缘30404，外铁块30402套装在内铁块30401上，限位凸缘30404对外铁块30402进行限位；内铁块30401的高度大于外铁块30402的高度。更优选地，牵引铁块304为多级结构，所述的外铁块30402上还套装有外铁块且通过限位凸缘限位，多级外铁块的高 度从内至外依次逐级减小，牵引绳306固定在最外侧的外铁块的牵引绳安装孔308内。
多级结构可以增加牵引绳306的牵引行程，同时牵引电磁铁10209可以逐级磁力吸附牵引铁块304，同时也能保证牵引电磁铁10209与牵引铁块304之间不会因为距离太远而影响吸附能力。
本发明的装置在使用前，按照如下步骤进行安装：
第一步，安装上夹紧机构1、下夹紧机构2中的上部夹紧体102，打开上部夹紧体102中的连接端板105部分的紧定螺栓，将上部夹紧体102安放在桥墩上，进一步固定紧定螺栓。
第二步，根据桥墩的直径，通过调节紧固螺栓102070103，进一步调节安装段102070101和伸缩段102070102的相对位置，进一步达到夹紧体10207的长度调节的目的，使夹紧推头1020702距离桥墩表面一个合适夹紧的位置。
第三步，安装下部夹紧体103，打开下部夹紧体103中的连接端板105部分的紧定螺栓，将103安装在桥墩上，进一步固定紧定螺栓。
第四步，安装壳体101，通过固定螺栓将顶部固定环板106和上部夹紧体102上的环顶板10201连接在一体，检查导槽108和导轨109配合的完整性，导轨109能否在导槽108中上下滑动。
第五步，打开桥墩检测传感器4，开始对桥墩进行检测。
本发明的装置在使用时，按照如下步骤进行：
第六步，上夹紧机构1的上的夹紧电磁铁10209通电，上夹紧机构1的夹紧铁块10305被吸引上来，此时下部夹紧体103向上移动，通过上斜面10208和下斜面10304的配合，使得楔形推头10303将夹紧支体10207向上桥墩通道 10205内推动，进一步使橡胶层1020703贴合桥墩表面，使上夹紧机构1夹紧在桥墩上。此时下夹紧机构1与桥墩之间未夹紧。
第七步，牵引机构3的牵引电磁铁303通电，内铁块30401被吸引下来，当内铁块30401与牵引电磁铁303接触时，外铁块30402在内铁块30401上运动继续被吸引，外铁块30402上连接的牵引绳306被带动牵引，牵引绳306做牵引运动，轴向复位弹簧305被压缩，同时带动下夹紧机构2相对于上夹紧机构1上升。
第八步，牵引机构3牵引完成后，下夹紧机构2采用与第六步相同的方法通电使上夹紧机构1夹紧在桥墩上。
第九步，上夹紧机构1的夹紧电磁铁10209断电，夹紧支体10207通过被压缩的复原弹簧10211回到初始位置，同时，下部夹紧体103被释放，掉落到底部限位环板107上，上夹紧机构1与桥墩之间脱离，处理未夹紧状态。下夹紧机构与桥墩之间的脱离过程与此相同。同时被压缩的轴向复位弹簧305的回弹力将上夹紧机构1上顶，完成一次沿着桥墩的蠕动式爬升过程。
第十步，重复第六步至第九步的过程，不停这样的电磁铁通断电动作，直到爬升到桥墩极限位置，不再上升。
第十一步，检测完毕后，整个装置下降。下降过程中，上夹紧机构1、下夹紧机构2与桥墩之间夹紧和脱离方式与蠕动式爬升过程相同，区别仅仅是下夹紧机构2与桥墩先夹紧，上夹紧机构1与桥墩先脱离，然后牵引机构3牵引，使得上夹紧机构1相对于下夹紧机构2向下运动，同时轴向复位弹簧305被压缩，最后上夹紧机构1与桥墩之间夹紧，下夹紧机构2与桥墩之间脱离，被压缩的轴向复位弹簧305的回弹力将下夹紧机构2下推，完成一次沿着桥墩的蠕动式下降过程。
第十二步，重复第十一步的过程，不停这样的电磁铁通断电动作，直到下降到桥墩的底部位置，进一步实现了电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置的作业流程。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，包括桥墩检测传感器(4)，其特征在于，还包括上夹紧机构(1)、下夹紧机构(2)和牵引机构(3)，所述的上夹紧机构(1)和下夹紧机构(2)的结构相同；
    所述的上夹紧机构(1)包括壳体(101)、上部夹紧体(102)和下部夹紧体(103)，所述的壳体(101)、上部夹紧体(102)和下部夹紧体(103)均以直径所在的轴向平面为分割面分割为对称的两部分，所述的上部夹紧体(102)对称的两部分相邻的一端之间通过合页(104)相连，所述的上部夹紧体(102)对称的两部分相邻的另一端之间通过连接端板(105)可拆卸连接；所述的下部夹紧体(103)对称的两部分相邻的一端之间通过合页(104)相连，所述的下部夹紧体(103)对称的两部分相邻的另一端之间通过连接端板(105)可拆卸连接；
    所述的壳体(101)两端开放，壳体(101)的顶端固结有顶部固定环板(106)，壳体(101)的底端固结有底部限位环板(107)，所述的上部夹紧体(102)的环顶板(10201)固定安装在顶部固定环板(106)上，所述的下部夹紧体(103)套装在上部夹紧体(102)和底部限位环板(107)之间的壳体(101)内，下部夹紧体(103)在壳体(101)内能够沿着轴向升降运动；
    所述的上部夹紧体(102)包括环顶板(10201)、同轴设置的内环壁(10202)和外环壁(10203)，内环壁(10202)和外环壁(10203)的顶端与环顶板(10201)相固结，内环壁(10202)和外环壁(10203)之间设置有底端开放的夹紧腔(10204)，环顶板(10201)与内环壁(10202)中心的通道为上桥墩通道(10205)；
    所述的内环壁(10202)上对称加工有多个夹紧支体安装孔(10206)，每个夹紧支体安装孔(10206)内安装有夹紧支体(10207)，所述的夹紧支体 (10207)包括与夹紧支体安装孔(10206)相配合的径向推杆(1020701)，径向推杆(1020701)伸入上桥墩通道(10205)的一端安装有与桥墩相配合的夹紧推头(1020702)，径向推杆(1020701)位于夹紧腔(10204)内的另一端上设置有上斜面(10208)；
    所述的夹紧腔(10204)内设置有多个固结在环顶板(10201)底面上的多个夹紧电磁铁(10209)；
    所述的环顶板(10201)上对称加工有多个安装孔(10210)；
    所述的下部夹紧体(103)包括环底板(10301)，环底板(10301)中心的通道为下桥墩通道(10302)，下桥墩通道(10302)与上桥墩通道(10205)同轴设置且内径相等；
    所述的环底板(10301)的顶面上对称布设有多个与夹紧体相配合的楔形推头(10303)，楔形推头(10303)上设置有与上斜面相配合的下斜面(10304)；
    所述的环底板(10301)的顶面上对称设置有多个与夹紧电磁铁(10209)相配合的夹紧铁块(10305)；夹紧电磁铁(10209)通电磁力吸附夹紧铁块(10305)使得下部夹紧体(102)轴向上移，楔形推头(10303)推动夹紧体(10207)径向向内移动，夹紧桥墩；
    所述的环底板(10301)的顶面上对称加工有多个与安装孔(10210)同轴设置的弹簧穿过孔(10306)；
    所述的牵引机构(3)包括安装在上夹紧机构(1)的安装孔(10210)内的牵引轴(301)，牵引轴(301)内沿着轴向加工有贯通的走绳孔(302)，牵引轴(301)伸出上夹紧机构(1)的环顶板(10201)的部分上靠近环顶板(10201)的位置上安装有牵引电磁铁(303)，牵引轴(301)上还套装有能够以牵引轴(301)为导轨运动的牵引铁块(304)；
    所述的牵引轴(301)伸入夹紧腔(10204)的一端上固定有轴向复位弹簧(305)的一端，轴向复位弹簧(305)的另一端穿过上夹紧机构(1)的弹簧穿过孔(10306)固定在下夹紧机构(2)的环顶板(10201)上的安装孔(10210)上；牵引铁块(304)上固定安装有牵引绳(306)的一端，牵引绳(306)的另一端穿过走绳孔(302)且穿过轴向复位弹簧(305)固定在下夹紧机构(2)的环顶板(10201)上的安装孔(10210)上；牵引电磁铁(10209)通过电磁力吸附牵引铁块(304)，牵引铁块(304)拉动牵引绳(306)使得下夹紧机构(2)相对于上夹紧机构(1)轴向运动；
    所述的桥墩检测传感器(4)安装在上桥墩通道(10205)内。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，其特征在于，所述的壳体(101)内壁沿着轴向设置有导槽(108)，所述的下夹紧体(103)的侧壁上设置有与导槽(108)相配合的导轨(109)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，其特征在于，所述的径向推杆(1020701)和内环壁(10202)之间安装有复位弹簧(10211)。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，其特征在于，所述的夹紧推头(1020702)上设置有一层橡胶层(1020703)。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，其特征在于，所述的径向推杆(1020701)分为安装段(102070101)和伸缩段(102070102)，伸缩段(102070102)套装在安装段(102070101)内通过紧固螺栓(102070103)锁定，使得径向推杆(1020701)的长度能够调节，伸缩段(102070102)与夹紧推头(1020702)相连。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，其特征在于，所述的牵引轴(301)伸出上夹紧机构(1)的环顶板(10201)的端部加工有走绳槽(307)。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，其特征在于，所述的牵引铁块包括内铁块(30401)和外铁块(30402)，内铁块(30401)中心加工有与牵引轴(301)相配合的滑动通道(30403)，内铁块(30401)远离牵引电磁铁(303)的一端设置有限位凸缘(30404)，外铁块(30402)套装在内铁块(30401)上，限位凸缘(30404)对外铁块(30402)进行限位；内铁块(30401)的高度大于外铁块(30402)的高度。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置，其特征在于，所述的牵引铁块(304)为多级结构，所述的外铁块(30402)上还套装有外铁块且通过限位凸缘限位，多级外铁块的高度从内至外依次逐级减小，牵引绳(306)固定在最外侧的外铁块的牵引绳安装孔(308)内。
PCT/CN2019/075024 2018-11-19 2019-02-14 一种基于电磁弹簧式的桥墩检测装置 WO2020103344A1 (zh)

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