WO2020095444A1

WO2020095444A1 - Microscope

Info

Publication number: WO2020095444A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/041699
Authority: WO
Inventors: 良一左高; 正宏水田; 智裕川崎; 優基中島
Original assignee: 株式会社ニコン
Priority date: 2018-11-09
Filing date: 2018-11-09
Publication date: 2020-05-14

Abstract

The present invention provides a microscope that is thinner than a microscope made by conventional techniques. The microscope is provided with an objective optical system, a variable-power optical system, and a plurality of deflection elements provided between the objective optical system and the variable-power optical system and reflecting the observation light emitted from an object and transmitted through the objective optical system in directions each intersecting with the optical axis of the objective optical system.

Description

microscope

The technology of the present disclosure relates to a microscope.

In surgery, there is known a surgical microscope that displays an observation target (eg, an affected part) on a display so that the user can magnify and visually observe the observation target (eg, affected part). For example, in the surgical microscope of Patent Document 1, the observation optical system includes an observation optical path for the right eye and an observation optical path for the left eye of the user, and the user observes through the observation optical paths (in this case, the eyes of the patient). ) Can be viewed stereoscopically.

In such a surgical microscope, it is required that the user's field of view is not obstructed so that the user can easily see the display on which the observation target is displayed during the operation. In particular, in ophthalmic surgery, since a user often performs surgery in a sitting position, a surgical microscope that does not block the user's view in the sitting position is required.

JP, 2018-18039, A

A microscope according to a first aspect of the technique of the present disclosure is provided between an objective optical system, a variable power optical system, and the objective optical system and the variable power optical system, and is generated from an object and the objective optical system. A plurality of deflecting elements arranged so as to reflect the observation light transmitted through the system in directions intersecting with the direction of the optical axis of the objective optical system.

A microscope according to a second aspect of the technology of the present disclosure is provided with a single objective optical system, a variable power optical system, and between the objective optical system and the variable power optical system, and is generated from an object and A plurality of deflection elements arranged to reflect the observation light transmitted through the objective optical system.

A microscope according to a third aspect of the technique of the present disclosure includes an objective optical system, and a direction in which observation light generated from an object and transmitted through the objective optical system intersects the optical axis of the objective optical system. A plurality of deflection elements that reflect at least twice along a plane.

It is a figure which shows an example of the surgical microscope 100A1 of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the top view of the surgical microscope 100A1 in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of the microscope for operation 100A1 in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the right variable magnification optical system 13R in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of a concrete structure of the right side variable magnification optical system 13R in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the block diagram of the surgical microscope 100A1 in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the flowchart of the stereoscopic effect increase adjustment process which CPU52 (refer FIG. 5) performs according to the stereoscopic effect increase adjustment program in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the flowchart of the stereoscopic effect reduction adjustment process which CPU52 (refer FIG. 5) performs according to the stereoscopic effect reduction adjustment program in this embodiment. 7 is a graph showing a maximum diameter that is predetermined for each zoom magnification with respect to the diaphragm diameters of the left and right diaphragms in the present embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the flowchart of the diaphragm diameter adjustment process which adjusts the diaphragm diameter on either side based on the magnification of an observation optical system which CPU52 (refer FIG. 5) performs according to the diaphragm diameter adjustment program in this embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a state (top view) of the surgical microscope 100A1 when moving the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L in the present embodiment in a direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. is there. An example of a state (cross-sectional view) of the surgical microscope 100A1 when moving the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L in the present embodiment in a direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 is shown. It is a figure. It is a figure which shows an example of the top view of the surgical microscope 100B1 of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of the microscope for operation 100B1 in this embodiment. An example (top view) of the operation microscope 100B1 when the first right deflection element 122R and the second right deflection element 123R and the first left deflection element 122L and the second left deflection element 123L in the present embodiment move FIG. An example of a state (cross-sectional view) of the surgical microscope 100B1 when the first right-side deflection element 122R and the second right-side deflection element 123R and the first left-side deflection element 122L and the second left-side deflection element 123L in the present embodiment move FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the top view of 100C1 of 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure showing an example of a sectional view of 100C1 of a 3rd embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode (cross section) of the surgical microscope 100C1 when the 2nd right side deflection element 123R and the 2nd left side deflection element 123L in this embodiment move with respect to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. .. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode (cross section) of the surgical microscope 100C1 when the 2nd right side deflection element 123R and the 2nd left side deflection element 123L in this embodiment move with respect to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. .. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of 100 G of surgical microscopes of 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of 100 G of surgical microscopes of 5th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of the microscope for operation 100A4 of 6th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the surgical microscope 100A5 of 7th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the top view of the surgical microscope 100A6 of 8th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L in this embodiment are arrange | positioned at the position of the pupil. By omitting the right diaphragm 12R in the present embodiment and adjusting the light reflecting regions (effective diameters) of the first right deflecting element 22R and the second right deflecting element 23R, the effective area of the light flux of the right observing light is adjusted. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that restrict | limits. It is a figure which shows an example of the 1st relationship of the display apparatus 100AD and the microscope body 100AH for surgery in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the 2nd relationship between the display apparatus 100AD and the microscope body 100AH for surgery in this embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the technology of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, the meaning of terms used in the following description in the present embodiment will be described.
Further, in the following description, the CPU is an abbreviation of “Central Processing Unit”. In the following description, RAM is an abbreviation for “Random Access Memory”. Further, in the following description, the ROM is an abbreviation for “Read Only Memory”.
Further, in the following description, ASIC is an abbreviation for “Application Specific Integrated Circuit”. In the following description, FPGA is an abbreviation for “Field-Programmable Gate Array”. In the following description, SSD means an abbreviation of “Solid State Drive”. Further, in the following description, the DVD-ROM is an abbreviation for “Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory”. In the following description, USB is an abbreviation for "Universal Serial Bus".

Also, in the following description, “right angle” includes a corner obtained by intersecting a horizontal line and a vertical line. In the following description, the angle described as “right angle” does not necessarily have to be a right angle and may be displaced as long as it is within an allowable error.

[First Embodiment]

FIG. 1 shows a surgical microscope 100A1 placed in front of a user (eg, an ophthalmologist) 150. As shown in FIG. 1, the surgical microscope 100A1 is directly or indirectly arranged on the surgical microscope main body 100AH and the surgical microscope main body 100AH, and is obtained by right-side observation light and left-side observation light described below. And a display device 100AD for displaying an image. The surgical microscope 100A1 according to the present embodiment uses the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light included in the observation light (eg, visible light) generated from the object (observation target) to provide an eye (for example, an operation target) that is an example of the object. , Right eye) stereoscopic image (observation image, operative field image, display image, parallax image) having parallax.
Here, the “right side” is the right side (for example, the positive direction of the X axis) when the surgical microscope 100A1 is viewed from the user 150, and 2 for generating two images for generating a parallax image. One of the two observation lights is on the side of passing through the objective lens 11 (see also FIG. 2A). Further, the “right side” is a side on which one of the two illumination lights (the right illumination light and the left illumination light) travels toward the object in order to generate two images for generating a parallax image.
The “left side” is the left side (eg, the negative direction of the X axis) when the surgical microscope 100A1 is viewed from the user 150, and the two observation lights for generating two images for generating a parallax image. The other is the side that passes through the objective lens 11 (see also FIG. 2A) and proceeds. The “left side” is the side on which the other of the two illumination lights (right illumination light and left illumination light) travels toward the object in order to generate two images for generating the parallax image.
The “right side observation light” is one observation light for generating one of the two images for generating a parallax image, and the “left side observation light” is the other for generating the other image. It is observation light. One image is an image for one eye of the user, and the other image is an image for the other eye of the user. For example, one image is an image for the right eye of the user, and the other image includes an image for the left eye of the user. Further, one image may be an image for the left eye of the user, and the other image may be an image for the right eye of the user.
The “right side illumination light” is the illumination light emitted from the right side illumination light source 16R and the right side illumination optical system 17R, which will be described later, in order to illuminate the object from the right side. The “left side illumination light” is the illumination light emitted from the left side illumination light source 16L and the left side illumination optical system 17L, which will be described later, to illuminate the object from the left side.

The display device 100AD may be a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display. The display device 100AD is an example of a “display unit” of the technology of the present disclosure.

The vertical direction is the Z direction, the direction connecting the center of the user 150 and the center of the surgical microscope main body 100AH and orthogonal to the Z direction is the Y direction, and the left and right direction of the surgical microscope 100A1 with respect to the user 150 is the Z direction. The direction orthogonal to each other is defined as the X direction. The vertically upward direction is the positive direction of Z, and the vertically downward direction is the negative direction of Z. The depth direction from the user 150 to the surgical microscope 100A1 is the positive Y direction, and the front direction is the negative Y direction. Based on the user 150, the right direction (eg, right direction) of the surgical microscope 100A1 is a positive direction of X, and the left direction (eg, left direction) is a negative direction of X. In the present embodiment, when a plane including an X direction and a Y direction orthogonal to a vertical direction (eg, Z direction in FIG. 2A) is a horizontal plane, a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction on the horizontal plane is a horizontal direction (eg, The direction that intersects the vertical direction on the horizontal plane, the X direction and the Y direction).

2A shows a top view of the surgical microscope 100A1, and FIG. 2B shows a cross-sectional view of the surgical microscope 100A1.

As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the surgical microscope 100A1 includes a single objective lens 11. The objective lens 11 is composed of only one objective lens. That is, it is composed of only one lens. It should be noted that the single objective lens 11 may be composed of a lens (for example, a doublet) in which two or more lenses are bonded together. The objective lens 11 in the present embodiment is configured by a common objective lens on which the right side observation light and the left side observation light are incident (so-called Galileo type), but may be configured by a Greenough type including two or more objective lenses. .. The objective lens 11 is an example of the “objective optical system” of the technique of the present disclosure.

The surgical microscope 100A1 includes a right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, a right-side imaging optical system 14R, and a right-side imaging element 15R, a left-side variable magnification optical system 13L, a left-side imaging optical system 14L, and a left-side imaging element 15L. ing. The right variable magnification optical system 13R, the right imaging optical system 14R, and the right imaging element 15R are arranged on the same right variable magnification imaging imaging substrate movable in the Y direction. The left variable magnification optical system 13L, the left imaging optical system 14L, and the left imaging element 15L are arranged on the same left variable magnification imaging imaging substrate that is movable in the Y direction.
The surgical microscope 100A1 is provided between the objective lens 11 and the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, and the right-side observation light generated from the eye, which is an example of an object, and passed through the objective lens 11 passes through the objective lens. The first right-side deflection element 22R and the second right-side deflection element 23R are provided so as to be reflected and deflected in the directions respectively intersecting with the direction of the optical axis 110 of 11. As described above, in the first right-side deflection element 22R, the second right-side deflection element 23R, the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, and the right-side imaging optical system 14R of the surgical microscope 100A1, the right-side observation light enters the right-side imaging element 15R. In the optical path, the first right-side deflection element 22R, the second right-side deflection element 23R, the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, and the right-side imaging optical system 14R are arranged in this order along the traveling direction of the right-side observation light. Further, the surgical microscope 100A1 is provided between the objective lens 11 and the left-side variable power optical system 13L, and the left-side observation light generated from the eye, which is an example of an object, and transmitted through the objective lens 11 is passed through, The first left deflecting element 22L and the second left deflecting element 23L are arranged so as to be reflected and deflected in the directions intersecting with the direction of the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. As described above, in the first left-side deflection element 22L, the second left-side deflection element 23L, the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L, and the left-side imaging optical system 14L of the surgical microscope 100A1, the left-side observation light is incident on the left-side imaging element 15L. In the optical path, the first left-side deflection element 22L, the second left-side deflection element 23L, the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L, and the left-side imaging optical system 14L are arranged in this order along the traveling direction of the left-side observation light.
The first right deflection element 22R is arranged on the first right deflection element substrate that is movable in the X direction. The first left-side deflection element 22L is arranged on the first left-side deflection element substrate that is movable in the X direction.
The surgical microscope 100A1 includes a right side illumination light source 16R that emits right side illumination light (optical axis 16RI) that illuminates the eye, and a left side illumination light source 16L that emits left side illumination light (optical axis 16LI) that illuminates the eye. .. The surgical microscope 100A1 includes a right side illumination optical system 17R that shapes the right side illumination light emitted from the right side illumination light source 16R and guides it to the second right side deflection element 23R. The surgical microscope 100A1 includes a left side illumination optical system 17L that shapes the left side illumination light emitted from the left side illumination light source 16L and guides the left side illumination light to the second left side deflection element 23L.
The second right-side deflecting element 23R transmits the right-side illumination light emitted so as to pass through the optical path that does not include the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and reflects the right-side observation light. The second left-side deflection element 23L transmits the left-side illumination light emitted so as to pass through the optical path without the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L and reflects the left-side observation light.

The right side illumination light source 16R and the right side illumination optical system 17R pass the right side illumination light through a horizontal plane (for example, the XY plane) and the optical axes (optical axis 15RI) of the right side magnification optical system 13R and the right side imaging optical system 14R. They are arranged so as to pass through different optical paths (optical paths including the optical axis 16RI). The left side illumination light source 16L and the left side illumination optical system 17L pass the left side illumination light through a horizontal plane (for example, the XY plane) and the optical axes (optical axis 15LI) of the left side variable magnification optical system 13L and the left side imaging optical system 14L. They are arranged so as to pass through different optical paths (optical paths including the optical axis 16LI).
The right side illumination light source 16R and the right side illumination optical system 17R are arranged on the right side illumination light source optical system substrate that is movable in the X direction. The left side illumination light source 16L and the left side illumination optical system 17L are arranged on the left side illumination light source optical system substrate that is movable in the X direction. The respective illumination lights (the right side illumination light including the optical axis 16RI and the left side illumination light including the optical axis 16LI) are the illumination light for the through illumination as the first illumination and the illumination light for the oblique illumination as the second illumination. There are Transillumination refers to an illumination method in which light reaches the retina and the reflected light is used as a secondary light source to obtain a backlight effect (Red reflex). For example, it is an illumination method for brightening the crystalline lens. Illumination for transillumination includes complete coaxial illumination as a first type and near coaxial illumination (for example, around 2 °) as a second type.

As the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L, a reflection mirror, a half mirror, a prism (eg, prism mirror), or the like that reflects received light is used. The second right-side deflection element 23R and the second left-side deflection element 23L transmit the right-side illumination light and the left-side illumination light, and generate the right-side observation light (eg, reflected or emitted) from the eye as an object (optical axis). 15RI) and a left-side observation light (see optical axis 15LI) are used as a transflective element. As the transflective element, for example, a half mirror, a beam splitter, a dichroic mirror, or the like is used.
The first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L and the second right-side deflection element 23R and the second left-side deflection element 23L are examples of the “deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure. The first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L are examples of the "first plurality of deflection elements" and the "first deflection element" in the technique of the present disclosure, and the second right-side deflection element 23R and The second left-side deflection element 23L is an example of the “second plurality of deflection elements” and the “second deflection element” in the technique of the present disclosure. Further, the second right-side deflection element 23R and the second left-side deflection element 23L are examples of the “transmissive reflection element” in the technique of the present disclosure.

Collimator lenses are used as the right side illumination optical system 17R and the left side illumination optical system 17L.

Each of the first right-side deflection element 22R and the second right-side deflection element 23R emits the right-side observation light generated (e.g., reflected) from the eye and transmitted through the objective lens 11 with respect to the direction of the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. Are arranged so as to reflect in a direction intersecting with each other. The first right deflecting element 22R and the second right deflecting element 23R each reflect the right observation light, and the intersecting directions are different from each other, and the optical axes 110 of the objective lens 11 (in this case, It is also a direction (eg, orthogonal direction) intersecting the Z direction and the vertical direction.

The plurality of deflection elements (right deflection element group) configured by the first right deflection element 22R and the second right deflection element 23R direct the right observation light to a plane other than the plane including the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11, for example, , Different directions (eg, crossing direction, orthogonal direction, etc.) along a plane including a direction intersecting the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (for example, an XY plane, a horizontal plane including a horizontal direction orthogonal to the vertical direction). Reflect twice in the horizontal direction.

Similarly, each of the first left-side deflecting element 22L and the second left-side deflecting element 23L transmits the left-side observation light generated (e.g., reflected) from the eye and transmitted through the objective lens 11 to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. It is arranged so as to reflect in a direction intersecting the direction. The first left-side deflection element 22L and the second left-side deflection element 23L respectively reflect the left observation light in mutually intersecting directions, and the intersecting directions are different from each other, and the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (in this case, It is also a direction (eg, orthogonal direction) intersecting the Z direction and the vertical direction.

The plurality of deflecting elements (left deflecting element group) configured by the first left deflecting element 22L and the second left deflecting element 23L direct the left observation light to a plane other than the plane including the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11, for example, , Different directions (eg, crossing direction, orthogonal direction, etc.) along a plane including a direction intersecting the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (for example, an XY plane, a horizontal plane including a horizontal direction orthogonal to the vertical direction). Reflect twice in the horizontal direction.

The left-side observation light and the right-side observation light included in the observation light obtained by irradiating the object with the above-mentioned illumination light are substantially parallel light when passing through the objective lens 11. However, the objective lens 11 may be designed so that the left-side observation light and the right-side observation light do not become parallel light. Note that, for example, the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light are observation lights generated by irradiating the substantially same position (for example, the same visual field region) of the target object with the above illumination light.

The first right deflection element 22R and the second right deflection element 23R reflect and deflect the right observation light so that each of the reflected right observation light has a component in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. The absolute value of the outer product of each right-side observation light and the optical axis 110 is not zero. That is, each right side observation light and the optical axis 110 are not parallel.

The first left-side deflection element 22L and the second left-side deflection element 23L reflect and deflect the left-side observation light so that the respective left-side observation light reflected has a component in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. To do. The absolute value of the outer product of each left-side observation light and the optical axis 110 is not zero. That is, the left observation light and the optical axis 110 are not parallel.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the first right-side deflection element 22R that first reflects the right-side observation light that has passed through the objective lens 11 has an optical path different from the optical axes of the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the right-side imaging optical system 14R. The right side illumination light emitted so as to pass through is reflected toward the objective lens 11. Therefore, the right side illumination light emitted from the right side illumination optical system 17R passes through the second right side deflection element 23R and is reflected by the first right side deflection element 22R toward the objective lens 11.

The first left-side deflection element 22L that first reflects the left-side observation light that has passed through the objective lens 11 is a left-side illumination that is emitted so as to follow an optical path different from the optical axes of the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L and the left-side imaging optical system 14L. The light is reflected toward the objective lens 11. Therefore, the left side illumination light emitted from the left side illumination optical system 17L passes through the second left side deflection element 23L and is reflected by the first left side deflection element 22L toward the objective lens 11.

The first right deflection element 22R and the second right deflection element 23R, and the first left deflection element 22L and the second left deflection element 23L are arranged near the objective lens 11. For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, at least the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L among the plurality of deflection elements are arranged vertically above the objective lens 11. For example, the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L are arranged at positions where at least a part of the first right-side deflection element 22L and the first left-side deflection element 22L overlap the objective lens 11 when viewed from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (eg, Z direction).

Here, as an example, the angle at which the above-described deflecting element reflects and deflects the observation light will be described. As shown in FIG. 2B, the first right-side deflection element 22R reflects the right-side observation light traveling from the objective lens 11 in the Z (positive) direction at a right angle in the X (positive) direction (first direction), and then in FIG. As shown, the second right deflection element 23R causes the right observation light reflected by the first right deflection element 22R to be different from the X (positive) direction (first direction) and the Z direction (eg, vertical direction) in the Y direction. Reflects at a right angle to the (positive) direction (second direction). For example, the second right-side deflection element 23R reflects and deflects the right-side observation light in a direction orthogonal to the deflection direction (eg, reflection direction) of the right-side observation light in the first right-side deflection element 22R on the plane intersecting with the vertical direction. To do.

Then, the right side observation light reflected by the second right side deflection element 23R forms an image on the right side image pickup element 15R via the right side magnification optical system 13R and the right side image forming optical system 14R.

The first left-side deflection element 22L reflects the left-side observation light traveling from the objective lens 11 in the Z (positive) direction at a right angle in the X (negative) direction (third direction), and the second left-side deflection element 23L is The left-side observation light reflected by the first left-side deflection element 22L is directed in the Y (positive) direction (second direction) different from the X (negative) direction (third direction) and the Z direction (eg, vertical direction). Reflects at a right angle. For example, the second left-side deflection element 23L reflects and deflects the left-side observation light in a direction orthogonal to the deflection direction (eg, reflection direction) of the left-side observation light in the first left-side deflection element 22L on the plane intersecting with the vertical direction. To do.

Then, the left-side observation light reflected by the second left-side deflection element 23L is imaged on the left-side imaging element 15L via the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L and the left-side imaging optical system 14L.

As will be described later in detail, the right diaphragm 12R is arranged in the optical path between the first right deflection element 22R and the second right deflection element 23R, and the first left deflection element 22L and the second left deflection element 23L are arranged. A left-side diaphragm 12L is arranged in the optical path between and. The right diaphragm 12R is arranged on the right diaphragm substrate that is movable in the X direction. The left diaphragm 12L is arranged on the left diaphragm substrate that is movable in the X direction.

The first right-side deflection element 22R and the second right-side deflection element 23R are examples of the “first plurality of deflection elements” in the technology of the present disclosure, and the first left-side deflection element 22L and the second left-side deflection element 23L are the same. It is an example of a "second plurality of deflection elements" of the disclosed technique.

As will be described later, when the first right-side deflection element substrate on which the first right-side deflection element 22R is arranged (fixed) moves in the X direction, the illumination light and the right-side observation light are reflected by the first right-side deflection element 22R. The first right-side deflection element 22R is moved so that the angle between the surface to be formed and the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 is kept constant.
When the first left-side deflection element substrate on which the first left-side deflection element 22L is arranged (fixed) moves in the X direction, a surface on which the illumination light and the right-side observation light are reflected in the first left-side deflection element 22L, and the objective lens. The first left-side deflection element 22L is moved so that the angle formed by the optical axis 110 of 11 is kept constant.

Next, the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, the right-side imaging optical system 14R, and the right-side imaging element 15R, the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L, the left-side imaging optical system 14L, and the left-side imaging element 15L will be described. The right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, the right-side imaging optical system 14R, and the right-side imaging element 15R have the same configuration as the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L, the left-side imaging optical system 14L, and the left-side imaging element 15L. Therefore, the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, the right-side imaging optical system 14R, and the right-side imaging element 15R will be described, and the left-side variable-magnification optical system 13L, the left-side imaging optical system 14L, and the left-side imaging element 15L will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the surgical microscope 100A1 of the first embodiment, the objective lens 11, the diaphragm 12R, and the right-side variable magnification optical system are arranged in this order from the eye 10A (more accurately, the object plane 10A) side. The system 13R and the right imaging optical system 14R are arranged. In FIG. 3, the right deflection element 22R and the second right deflection element 23R are not shown.

A light flux (eg, observation light) generated from each point of the eye 10A is converted into a substantially parallel light flux through the objective lens 11, is magnified through the right magnification optical system 13R, and is converted into the right imaging optical system 14R. It is collected via and reaches the image plane 10B.

A right imaging element 15R is arranged on the image surface 10B in order to observe the image of the eye 10A formed on the image surface 10B.

The right variable power optical system 13R includes, in order from the eye 10A side, a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power, a second lens group G2 having a negative refractive power, and a third lens having a positive refractive power. It is composed of a group G3 and a fourth lens group G4 having a positive refractive power, and the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 are lens groups for zooming. Therefore, by fixing the first lens group G1 and the fourth lens group G4 and moving the variable power lens groups (G2, G3) along the optical axis direction, the observation magnification of the image of the eye 10A is increased. It can be changed arbitrarily. The observation magnification is determined by the ratio of the focal length of the objective lens 11 and the focal length obtained by combining the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the right-side imaging optical system 14R.

Next, an example of the configuration of the right-side variable power optical system 13R in the surgical microscope 100A1 of the above-described first embodiment will be described.

The right-side variable power optical system 13R has the four lens groups G1, G2, G3, G4 already described, as shown in FIG. 4 (see also FIG. 3). Further, the first lens group G1 includes a cemented lens of a meniscus lens 31 having a convex surface facing the object (eye) side and a biconvex lens 32, and a meniscus lens 33 having a convex surface facing the object. The second lens group G2 includes a biconcave lens 34, a cemented lens of a biconvex lens 35 and a biconcave lens 36, and a meniscus lens 37 having a concave surface facing the object side. The third lens group G3 includes a biconvex lens 38, and a cemented lens of a biconvex lens 39 and a meniscus lens 40 having a concave surface facing the object side. The fourth lens group G4 includes a cemented lens of a meniscus lens 41 having a concave surface facing the object side and a meniscus lens 42 having a concave surface facing the object side.

In the right-side variable power optical system 13R in FIG. 3, when zooming from the low magnification end to the high magnification end, the first lens group G1 and the fourth lens group G4 are fixed, and the second lens group G2 is moved to the image side. At the same time as the movement, the third lens group G3 is moved in the direction in which the focus movement due to the movement of the second lens group G2 is corrected. Note that it is preferable to increase the aperture diameter of the aperture 12R in conjunction with the magnification change of the right-side variable power optical system 13R from the low magnification end to the high magnification end.

Table 1 exemplifies the specifications of the right-side variable power optical system 13R and diaphragm 12R shown in FIG.

In Table 1, the surface number 1 corresponds to the diaphragm 12R, and the surface numbers 2 to 21 correspond to the lens surface numbers sequentially added from the object side. The distance from the lens surface (2) of the most object-side lens (meniscus lens 31) to the diaphragm 12R is 15 mm. f indicates the focal length of the entire lens system when the distance d0 ′ = ∞ from the object surface to the diaphragm 12R. Fno indicates the F number, and Fai indicates the aperture diameter of the aperture 12R.

The right-side variable power optical system 13R is located outside the right-side variable power optical system 13R, specifically, in the optical path between the right-side variable power optical system 13R and the objective lens 11 (first right range). It is formed so that there is a position where the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15RI of the observation light is minimal. The position where the effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light is minimized is the position of the pupil of the right-side variable power optical system 13R in which the right-side diaphragm 12R described later is arranged.
Here, the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light at the position where the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light is minimized will be described.
The effective area of the light flux of the observation light perpendicular to the optical axis is the cross-sectional area of the light flux that reaches the image sensor (15R, 15L) in the observation light and is imaged by the plane perpendicular to the optical axis. Is.
The effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light in the lens (meniscus lens 31) closest to the objective lens 11 of the right-side variable power optical system 13R is defined as a first effective area, and the surface of the objective lens 11 on the right-side variable power optical system 13R side. The effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light at is the second effective area. The effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light at the position where the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light is a minimum is the third effective area smaller than the first effective area and the second effective area.
More specifically, the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light is, for example, the position on the optical axis moved from the objective lens 11 to the right variable magnification optical system 13R along the optical axis. Then, the second effective area gradually decreases. Then, the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light becomes the third effective area at the position where the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light is minimum in the optical path between the objective lens 11 and the right variable magnification optical system 13R. .. When the position further advances from that position, the effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light gradually increases from the third effective area, and becomes the first effective area in the right-side variable power optical system 13R.
The position on the optical axis where the effective area of the light flux of the observation light is minimum is not limited to one point. For example, when the position on the optical axis moves from the objective lens 11 to the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R along the optical axis, and the effective area of the light flux of the observation light is a constant value with a minimum value, those effective areas ( That is, each of the plurality of third effective areas) is a minimum position.
The minimum value of the effective area of the light flux here may be constant for a while with respect to the change of the position of the optical path.

Similarly, the left-side variable power optical system 13L is not inside the left-side variable power optical system 13L, specifically, the optical path between the left-side variable power optical system 13L and the objective lens 11 (first left range). Then, the effective area of the light flux of the left-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light is formed to be a minimum.

Further, the respective positions where the effective area of the light flux becomes the minimum (the positions of the pupils of the left and right observation optical systems) are between the right variable magnification optical system 13R and the first right deflection element 22R and the left variable magnification optical system 13L and the first variable magnification optical system 13L. The right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L are formed so as to be between the first left-side deflection element 22L (second right / left side range).

In the first embodiment, the position where the effective area of the luminous flux becomes the minimum (the position of the third effective area, the position of the pupil) is between the first right side deflection element 22R and the first left side deflection element 23L ( The right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L are configured so as to be in the third right range) and between the first left deflection element 22L and the second left deflection element 23L (third left range). Has been done.

As described above, in the first embodiment, the position where the effective area of the light flux is minimized (the position of the pupil) is located between the first right side deflection element 22R and the second right side deflection element 23R and the first left side deflection element. 22L and the second left-side deflection element 23L. As a result, when the effective area of the light flux is not at the position where the effective area of the light flux is minimum between the first right side deflection element 22R and the second right side deflection element 23R and between the first left side deflection element 22L and the second left side deflection element 23L. In comparison, it is possible to make the light reflection regions (effective diameters) of the first right deflection element 22R, the second right deflection element 23R, the first left deflection element 22L, and the second left deflection element 23L relatively small. it can. As a result, the size (effective diameter) of each element (eg, the first right-side deflection element 22R, the first left-side deflection element 22L, etc.) can be made smaller, so that the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L are separated from each other. It is possible to make the axial distance shorter. The surgical microscope 100A1 can relatively move the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L to further reduce the stereoscopic effect visually recognized by the user 150. Further, since the size of each of the above-mentioned elements arranged on the upper side in the vertical direction of the objective lens 11 can be reduced, the size (eg, thickness, width) and cost of the surgical microscope 100A1 can be reduced.

The position where the effective area of the light flux is minimized (the position of the pupil) is made to coincide with the positions of the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L, respectively. It is possible to minimize the area (effective diameter) of each of the 1st left-side deflection elements 22L that reflects light.

In the surgical microscope 100A1, for example, an optical element such as a filter may be arranged between the right-side variable power optical system 13R and the objective lens 11, and between the left-side variable power optical system 13L and the objective lens 11. .. The optical elements such as the filters arranged in this way are not included in the right-side variable power optical system 13R and the left-side variable power optical system 13L. Therefore, the optical elements such as the filters arranged in this way are not included in the right side observation optical system and the left side observation optical system.

The surgical microscope 100A1 is arranged between the right variable power optical system 13R and the objective lens (first right range), and limits the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light. The right diaphragm 12R is provided. Further, the surgical microscope 100A1 is arranged between the left-side variable power optical system 13L and the objective lens (first left-side range), and has an effective area of the luminous flux of the left-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light. A left-side diaphragm 12L for limiting is provided.

The positions of the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are arranged between the right variable magnification optical system 13R and the first right deflection element 22R (second right range) or the left variable magnification optical system 13L and the first left deflection element. 22L (second left side range).

More specifically, the positions where the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are arranged in the present embodiment are between the first right deflection element 22R and the second right deflection element 23R (third right range) or the first left deflection. It is between the element 22L and the second left deflection element 23L (third left range).

As an example, in the first embodiment, the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are arranged at the position (pupil position) where the effective area of the light flux is minimized.

FIG. 23 shows that the right diaphragm 12R is arranged at a position where the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light is the minimum (the position of the pupil of the right observation optical system). As shown in FIG. 23, the effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15RI of the right-side observation light is extremely small between the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the objective lens 11. In this regard, the left diaphragm 12L is also arranged at a position where the effective area of the above-mentioned light flux of the left observation light is minimized (the position of the pupil of the left observation optical system).

The right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are variable diaphragms. As will be described in detail later, the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light and the left side observation light is adjusted by adjusting the right diaphragm 12R or the left diaphragm 12L based on the magnification of the right variable magnification optical system 13R or the left variable magnification optical system 13L. Is adjusted.

The means for limiting the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light and the left side observation light is not limited to the right side diaphragm (variable diaphragm) 12R and the left side diaphragm (variable diaphragm) 12L. In FIG. 24, the right diaphragm 12R is omitted, and the light reflection area (effective diameter) of each of the first right deflection element 22R and the second right deflection element 23R is adjusted, so that the luminous flux of the right observation light is effective. It is shown how to limit the area. As shown in FIG. 24, even if the right diaphragm 12R is not provided, it is possible to adjust the region (effective diameter) of each of the first right deflecting element 22R and the second right deflecting element 23R that reflects light, to adjust the right observation light. The effective area of the light flux can be limited. For example, the size of the entrance surface or exit surface (reflection surface, deflection surface, or refraction surface) of the first right-side deflection element 22R defines the effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light.

FIG. 24 shows an example in which the right diaphragm 12R is omitted and the light reflection areas (effective diameters) of the first right deflection element 22R and the second right deflection element 23R are adjusted, but the left side is also adjusted. It is the same. That is, the left diaphragm 12L is omitted, and the light reflection area (effective diameter) of each of the first left deflection element 22L and the second left deflection element 23L is adjusted. For example, the size of the entrance surface or exit surface (reflection surface, deflection surface, or refraction surface) of the first left-side deflection element 22L defines the effective area of the light flux of the left-side observation light.

In the example shown in FIG. 24, by adjusting the size (area) of each of the first right-side deflection element 22R and the second right-side deflection element 23R, the region (effective diameter) that reflects light is adjusted. The technique of the present disclosure is not limited to this, and may be as follows. A mask (light-shielding mask) that absorbs light and blocks light is provided on the first right-side deflection element 22R so that the effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the right-side observation light becomes a predetermined area. Similarly, a mask that absorbs light and blocks light is provided on the first left-side deflection element 22L so that the effective area of the luminous flux of the left-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the left-side observation light becomes a predetermined area.

The positions of the pupils and the positions of the diaphragms described above and the point of adjusting the effective diameter of the deflecting element instead of the diaphragms can be applied to other embodiments and modifications.

Next, the operation of the surgical microscope 100A1 according to the present embodiment will be described. Next, the operation of the surgical microscope 100A1 according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the surgical microscope 100A1. As shown in FIG. 5, the surgical microscope 100A1 includes a computer 50.

The computer 50 includes a CPU 52, a ROM 54, a RAM 56, and an input / output (I / O) port 58. The CPU 52 and the input / output (I / O) port 58 are connected to each other by a bus 60.

The CPU 52 is an example of a control unit that controls the entire surgical microscope 100A1. The ROM 54 is a memory that stores various programs and various parameters in advance. The RAM 56 is a memory used as a work area or the like when executing various programs.

The input / output (I / O) port 58 has an input device 63 such as a keyboard, a secondary storage device 62, a right imaging element 15R, a left imaging element 15L, a display device 100AD, a stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64, and a stereoscopic effect decreasing switch. 66 is connected.
The stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 moves the first right deflection element 22R and the right diaphragm 12R in a direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (X (positive) direction) and selectively instructs the stop of the movement. To do. The stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 moves the first left-side deflection element 22L and the left-side diaphragm 12L in a direction (X (negative) direction) away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 and selectively instructs the stop of the movement. To do.
The stereoscopic effect reducing switch 66 moves the first right deflection element 22R and the right diaphragm 12R in a direction (X (negative) direction) approaching the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 and selectively instructs the stop of the movement. To do. The stereoscopic effect reducing switch 66 moves the first left-side deflection element 22L and the left-side diaphragm 12L in a direction (X (positive) direction) approaching from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 and selectively instructs the stop of the movement. To do.
A right side illumination light source 16R and a left side illumination light source 16L are connected to the input / output (I / O) port 58.
The input / output (I / O) port 58 is connected to the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R, the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L, the right-side aperture moving unit 69R, and the left-side aperture moving unit 69L.
A right side imaging optical device moving unit 72, a left side imaging optical device moving unit 74, a right side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 76, and a left side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 78 are connected to the input / output (I / O) port 58. Has been done.

To the input / output (I / O) port 58, a right-side variable magnification optical system lens driving unit 80 and a left-side variable magnification optical system lens driving unit 82, a right-side aperture diameter changing unit 85 and a left-side aperture diameter changing unit 87 are connected. ing.
The moving parts (68R, 68L to 78), the drive parts (80, 82), and the changing parts (85, 87) are composed of a motor or the like.

Instead of the right imaging optical device moving unit 72, a right magnification varying optical system moving unit, a right imaging optical system moving unit, and a right imaging element moving unit may be provided separately. Instead of the left-side imaging optical device moving unit 74, a left-side variable magnification optical system moving unit, a left-side imaging optical system moving unit, and a left-side imaging element moving unit may be separately provided.
In the surgical microscope according to this embodiment, each optical system and each light source may be moved by an individual moving unit instead of the right side illumination optical system and the light source moving unit 76.

-The moving parts (68R, 69R, 72, 76) on the right side may be integrally configured. The moving parts (68L, 69L, 74, 78) on the left side may be integrally formed.

In the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R and the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L, the solid angle formed by the optical axes of the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light at the eye position, which is an example of the object, is continuous. At least one of the first right deflection element 22R and the first left deflection element 22L is moved so as to change. The first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R and the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L are examples of the “moving unit” in the technology of the present disclosure. The right side diaphragm diameter changing unit 85 and the left side diaphragm diameter changing unit 87 are examples of the “diaphragm diameter adjusting unit” of the technology of the present disclosure.

The secondary storage device 62 stores a three-dimensional effect increase adjustment program and a three-dimensional effect decrease adjustment program, which will be described later, and an aperture diameter adjustment program.

The CPU 52 turns on the right side illumination light source 16R and the left side illumination light source 16L. Thereby, the object (eg, eye, object plane) is illuminated with the right oblique illumination light and the left oblique illumination light.

The right side observation light and the left side observation light from the eyes are focused on the right side image pickup element 15R and the left side image pickup element 15L, and the right side image signal is input from the right side image pickup element 15R and the left side image signal is input to the computer 50 from the left side image pickup element 15L. It

The CPU 52 generates a right eye image and a left eye image based on the right side image signal and the left side image signal. The CPU 52 does not always create the right-eye image based on the right-side image signal, and does not necessarily create the left-eye image based on the left-side image signal. For example, the CPU 52 may create a left-eye image based on the right-side image signal, or may create a right-eye image based on the left-side image signal. The CPU 52 may create both the right-eye image and the left-eye image based on the right-side image signal, or may create both the left-eye image and the right-eye image based on the left-side image signal. The CPU 52 may create each of the right-eye image and the left-eye image based on both the right-side image signal and the left-side image signal.
An image creating apparatus controlled by the CPU 52 may be further provided, and the image creating apparatus may generate an image for the right eye and an image for the left eye based on the right image signal and the left image signal under the control of the CPU 52. Good.

The CPU 52 displays the right-eye image in the right-eye display area on the screen of the display device 100AD. The image for the left eye is displayed in the display area for the left eye on the screen of the display device 100AD. As described above, the right-eye observation light and the left-eye observation light cause the stereoscopic right-eye image and left-eye image having a parallax of the surgery target eye (for example, the right eye) to be displayed on the screen of the display device 100AD. .. The user 150 recognizes the stereoscopic image through the polarized glasses, and synthesizes the right-eye image and the left-eye image in the brain. The display device 100AD displays the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye on a line-by-line basis. Further, the display device 100AD displays the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye on a line-by-line basis, and instead of stereoscopically viewing the image through the polarizing glasses, the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye are displayed. For example, the images may be alternately displayed with a time difference of 1/60 second, and stereoscopic viewing may be performed through shutter-type glasses that open and close the shutters of the right eye and the left eye in synchronization with the image. Further, a binocular viewer may be used instead of the glasses. Specifically, the right-eye image is displayed in the right-eye area on the screen of the display device 100AD. The left-eye image is displayed in the left-eye area on the screen of the display device 100AD. The right-eye image is guided to the right eye of the user 150 by the optical system in the right optical path arranged between the right-eye region of the screen of the display device 100AD and the right eye of the user 150. Similarly, the image for the left eye is guided to the left eye of the user 150 by the optical system in the left optical path arranged between the left eye region of the screen of the display device 100AD and the left eye of the user 150.

The display device 100AD is arranged on the surgical microscope main body 100AH, but the technique of the present disclosure is not limited to this.

As shown in FIG. 25, the display device 100AD has an image 100AD1 in an area outside the first visual field area for the surgical microscope main body 100AH with the user 150 visually recognizing the surgical microscope from the front side. Is displayed. For example, in a state in which the user 150 is viewing from the front side of the surgical microscope, the surgical microscope body 100AH is arranged at a position that does not overlap the first visual field region.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 26, the surgical microscope main body 100AH includes a second image 100AD2 displayed in the space by the display device 100AD in a state where the user 150 is viewing the front side of the surgical microscope. It is arranged in a region outside the visual field region.

The three-dimensional effect increasing switch 64 and the three-dimensional effect decreasing switch 66 are arranged on the floor vertically below the surgical microscope main body 100AH, and the user 150 operates the three-dimensional effect increasing switch 64 and the three-dimensional effect decreasing switch 66 with his / her own feet. (Turn on / off) Each of the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 and the stereoscopic effect decreasing switch 66 is a foot switch.

The first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R moves the first right-side deflection element 22R in the X direction via the first right-side deflection element moving mechanism. At that time, the right diaphragm moving unit 69R moves the right diaphragm 12R in the X direction based on the movement of the first right deflecting element 22R, specifically, in conjunction with the movement of the first right deflecting element 22R.
The first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L moves the first left-side deflection element 22L in the X direction via the first left-side deflection element moving mechanism. At that time, the left diaphragm moving unit 69L moves the left diaphragm 12L in the X direction based on the movement of the first left deflecting element 22L, specifically, in conjunction with the movement of the first left deflecting element 22L.

The right imaging optical device moving unit 72 moves the right variable magnification optical system 13R, the right imaging optical system 14R, and the right imaging device 15R in the Y (positive) direction via the right imaging optical device moving mechanism. The left imaging optical device moving unit 74 moves the left zoom optical system 13L, the left imaging optical system 14L, and the left imaging device 15L in the Y (positive) direction via the left imaging optical device moving mechanism.

The right side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 76 moves the right side illumination light source 16R and the right side illumination optical system 17R in the X direction by the right side illumination light source optical system substrate through the right side illumination light source optical system moving mechanism. The left side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 78 moves the left side illumination light source 16L and the left side illumination optical system 17L in the X direction by the left side illumination light source optical system substrate via the left side illumination light source optical system moving mechanism.

A rack and pinion, for example, can be used as each of the above moving mechanisms.

FIG. 6A shows a flowchart of the stereoscopic effect increasing adjustment process executed by the CPU 52 in accordance with the stereoscopic effect increasing adjusting program. FIG. 6B shows a flowchart of the stereoscopic effect reduction adjusting process executed by the CPU 52 according to the stereoscopic effect reducing adjustment program. FIG. 9 shows a surgical microscope 100A1 when the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L are moved in a direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (step 84 described later). Is shown (cross-sectional view).

The stereoscopic effect increasing adjustment process shown in FIG. 6A starts when the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 is turned on, and in step 84, by the control of the CPU 52, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. The portion 68R and the right-side diaphragm moving portion 69R are configured so that the respective substrates through the respective moving mechanisms increase the substantial angle formed by the optical axis 15RI of the right-side observation light at the position of the object, specifically, the first right side. The deflecting element 22R and the right diaphragm 12R are moved in the direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (X (positive) direction). Under the control of the CPU 52, the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L and the left-side aperture moving unit 69L cause the first left-side deflection element 22L and the left-side aperture 12L to move to the optical axis of the left-side observation light by each substrate through each moving mechanism. Specifically, the objective lens 11 is moved in a direction away from the optical axis 110 (X (negative) direction) so that the substantial angle formed by the 15LI at the position of the object becomes large. The right imaging optical device moving unit 72 moves the right variable magnification optical system 13R, the right imaging optical system 14R, and the right imaging device 15R in the Y (positive) direction by the substrate via the moving mechanism. Under the control of the CPU 52, the left imaging optical device moving unit 74 moves the left zoom optical system 13L, the left imaging optical system 14L, and the left imaging device 15L in the Y (positive) direction by the substrate via the moving mechanism. Let The right side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 76 moves the right side illumination light source 16R and the right side illumination optical system 17R in the X (positive) direction by the substrate via the moving mechanism. The left side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 78 moves the left side illumination light source 16L and the left side illumination optical system 17L in the X (negative) direction.

This makes it possible to increase the substantial angle formed by the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light and the optical axis 15LI of the left observation light at the position of the object. Therefore, it is possible to increase the stereoscopic effect of the user 150 viewing the right-eye image and the left-eye image displayed on the display device 100AD by each of the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light.

At step 86, the CPU 52 determines whether or not the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 is turned off. If it is determined that the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 has not been turned off, the stereoscopic effect increasing adjustment processing returns to step 84. Therefore, the above-mentioned components to be moved in step 84 continue to be moved.

When it is determined in step 86 that the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 has been turned off, the CPU 52 stops each of the moving parts (68R to 78) in step 88. As a result, the movement of each of the above components to be moved in step 84 is stopped. When step 88 ends, the stereoscopic effect adjustment process ends.

The stereoscopic effect reduction adjusting process shown in FIG. 6B starts when the stereoscopic effect reducing switch 66 is turned on, and in step 92, the first right deflection element moving unit 68R and the right diaphragm moving unit 69R are controlled by the CPU 52. Specifically, the first right deflection element 22R and the right diaphragm 12R are optically moved by the respective substrates via the respective movement mechanisms so that the physical angle formed by the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light at the position of the object becomes small. It is moved in the direction approaching the axis (X (negative) direction). The first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L and the left-side diaphragm moving unit 69L are arranged in a direction (X (positive) direction) in which the first left-side deflection element 22L and the left-side diaphragm 12L are close to the optical axis by each substrate through each moving mechanism. Move to. Under the control of the CPU 52, the right imaging optical device moving unit 72 moves the right variable magnification optical system 13R, the right imaging optical system 14R, and the right imaging device 15R in the Y (negative) direction by the substrate via the moving mechanism. Let The left imaging optical device moving unit 74 moves the left variable magnification optical system 13L, the left imaging optical system 14L, and the left imaging device 15L in the Y (negative) direction by the substrate via the moving mechanism. Under the control of the CPU 52, the right side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 76 moves the right side illumination light source 16R and the right side illumination optical system 17RX (negative) by the substrate via the moving mechanism. Under the control of the CPU 52, the left side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 78 moves the left side illumination light source 16L and the left side illumination optical system 17L in the X (positive) direction by the substrate via the moving mechanism.

This makes it possible to reduce the substantial angle formed by the optical axis 15RI of the right side observation light and the optical axis 15LI of the left side observation light at the position of the object. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the stereoscopic effect of the user 150 viewing the right-eye image and the left-eye image displayed on the display device 100AD by each of the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light.

At step 94, the CPU 52 determines whether or not the stereoscopic effect reduction switch 66 has been turned off. When it is determined that the stereoscopic effect reducing switch 66 has not been turned off, the stereoscopic effect reducing adjustment processing returns to step 92. Therefore, the above-mentioned components to be moved in step 92 are continuously moved.

If it is determined in step 94 that the stereoscopic effect reduction switch 66 has been turned off, the CPU 52 stops each of the moving parts (68R to 78) in step 96. As a result, the movement of each of the above-described components to be moved in step 92 is stopped. When step 96 ends, the stereoscopic effect adjustment process ends.

The movement of each component on the right side and the movement of each component on the left side in

steps

84 and 92 are symmetrical with respect to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. For example, as described above, the right side configurations (22R, 12R, 16R, 17R) move in the X (positive) direction, and the left side configurations (22L, 12L, 16L, 17L) move in the X (negative) direction. Move to move in the direction. The right configuration (13R, 14R, 15R) and the left configuration (13L, 14L, 15L) move in the Y direction.
In step 84 (FIG. 6A) and step 92 (FIG. 6B), the distance traveled by each of the above components is the same. That is, in step 84 (FIG. 6A) and step 92 (FIG. 6B), the first right deflection element 22R and the right diaphragm 12R, and the first left deflection element 22L and the left diaphragm 12L are continuously moved, Right zoom optical system 13R, right imaging optical system 14R, and right imaging element 15R, left zoom optical system 13L, left imaging optical system 14L, left imaging element 15L, right illumination light source 16R, and right illumination The optical system 17R, the left side illumination light source 16L, and the left side illumination optical system 17L are continuously moved. This is because the left and right illumination lights from the respective light sources (16R, 16L) and the left and right observation light have optical path lengths of the first right deflection element 22R and the right diaphragm 12R, the first left deflection element 22L, and the left diaphragm. This is because it does not change as the 12L is moved.
The optical path length of the illumination light is the optical path length from the light source (16R, 16L) to the right imaging element 15R or the left imaging element 15L via the eye. The optical path length of the observation light is the optical path length from the eye to the right imaging element 15R or the left imaging element 15L.
The optical path length of the illumination is the optical path length from each light source (16R, 16L) to the eye, or a part of the optical path length. The optical path length of the observation light is, for example, the optical path length from the eye to the right image pickup element 15R or the left image pickup element 15L, or a part of the optical path length.
In this way, since the optical path lengths of the left and right lights do not change, when the left and right observation lights are imaged on the right side image pickup device 15R and the left side image pickup device 15L during the movement of the above-mentioned respective configurations, the image formation is performed without the aberration being deteriorated. You can keep going.

Further, in

steps

84 and 92, the first right-side deflection element 22R is moved so that the angle of the first right-side deflection element 22R with respect to the XY plane is kept constant. More specifically, the first right-side deflection element 22R maintains a constant angle between the surface of the first right-side deflection element 22R that reflects the illumination light and the right-side observation light and the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. So that it will be moved. This is because, as described above, the substrate on which the first right-side deflection element 22R is arranged (fixed) is configured to move in the X direction so that the angle formed is kept constant. Therefore, the angles of incidence of the illumination light and the right-side observation light on the first right-side deflection element 22R are kept constant. Similarly, in

steps

84 and 92, the first left-side deflection element 22L is moved so that the angle of the first left-side deflection element 22L with respect to the XY plane is kept constant. More specifically, the first left-side deflection element 22L maintains a constant angle between the surface of the first left-side deflection element 22L that reflects the illumination light and the left-side observation light and the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. So that it will be moved. This is because, as described above, the substrate on which the first left-side deflection element 22L is arranged (fixed) is configured to move in the X direction so that the angle formed is kept constant. Therefore, the incident angles of the illumination light and the left-side observation light on the first left-side deflection element 22L are maintained constant.
The surface of the first right deflection element 22R forms the right observation light, and the surface of the first left deflection element 22L forms the left observation light.
In this way, since the angle formed between the surfaces of the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L and the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 is kept constant, the center of the image of each observation light is kept. And the centers of the image pickup elements (15R, 15L) are not displaced, that is, the positions (deflection positions) used on the above-mentioned surfaces of the first right deflection element 22R and the first left deflection element 22L do not change. An unnecessary moving mechanism for compensation can be eliminated, and the effective diameter (size) of the deflecting elements (22R, 22L) can be reduced.

Further, in step 84 and step 92, when the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L are moved in the X direction, the right-side illumination light source 16R and the right-side illumination optical system 17R, the left-side illumination light source 16L and the left-side illumination optical system. 17L and are moved in the X direction. The angle formed by the optical axis (15RI, 15LI) of the left and right observation light and the optical axis (16RI, 16LI) of the illumination light at the eye position is kept constant.

Next, the aperture diameter adjusting process for adjusting the aperture diameter according to the magnification change in the first embodiment will be described.
As described above, the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are variable diaphragms. The right-side variable power optical system lens drive section 80 can move at least one of the lens groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 of the right-side variable power optical system 13R in the Z direction to change the magnification. Similarly, the left-side variable power optical system lens driving unit 82 can also perform variable power by moving at least one of the lens groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 of the left-side variable optical system 13L in the Z direction.
Due to the above-mentioned magnification change, the light amounts of the left-side observation light and the right-side observation light that are incident on the left-side image sensor 15L and the right-side image sensor 15R to form an image change. Therefore, the aperture diameter adjusting process adjusts the aperture diameter according to the magnification change so that the left observation light and the right observation light are imaged on the left image sensor 15L and the right image sensor 15R in proper amounts. To do.

FIG. 7A shows a graph showing the maximum diameters of the left and right diaphragms which are predetermined for each zoom magnification. If the aperture diameter is increased to exceed the maximum diameter at each zoom magnification, the left side observation light and the right side observation light, which are not intended in the design of the observation optical system, enter the observation optical system. When the image is formed on the right imaging element 15R, the occurrence of aberration may increase. The secondary storage device 62 stores the relationship between each zoom magnification and the maximum value of the aperture diameter predetermined for each zoom magnification, as shown in FIG. 7A. As shown in FIG. 7A, in the relationship, the maximum value of the aperture diameter increases as the zoom magnification increases.

FIG. 7B shows an example of a flowchart of the aperture diameter adjustment processing executed by the CPU 52 according to the aperture diameter adjustment program.

ㆍ The aperture diameter adjustment process starts when a magnification is input via the input device 63. When the magnification is input through the input device 63, the CPU 52 moves in the Z direction at least one of the lens groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 of the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L. Then, the right-side variable magnification optical system lens driving unit 80 and the left-side variable magnification optical system lens driving unit 82 are controlled to change the magnification so that the input magnification is obtained.

▽ Along with such variable magnification control, aperture diameter adjustment processing is executed. In step 102, the CPU 52 takes in the maximum value of the aperture diameter corresponding to the input magnification from the above relationship stored in the secondary storage device 62. In step 103, the CPU 52 determines whether the current aperture diameter is larger than the maximum diameter captured in step 102. When changing the respective aperture diameters of the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L, the CPU 52 sets the control amounts (corresponding to the current diaphragm diameter) of the right diaphragm diameter changing unit 85 and the left diaphragm diameter changing unit 87 to the secondary storage device 62. I remember. In step 103, the control amounts (corresponding to the current diaphragm diameter) of the right diaphragm diameter changing section 85 and the left diaphragm diameter changing section 87 are read from the secondary storage device 62, and the read right diaphragm diameter changing section 85 and left diaphragm diameter changing are read. It is determined whether the control amount of the portion 87 (corresponding to the current aperture diameter) is larger than the maximum diameter captured in step 102.

If it is not determined that the current aperture diameter is larger than the maximum diameter, the amount of left-side observation light and right-side observation light is not too large, so the aperture diameter adjustment process ends.

When it is determined that the current aperture diameter is larger than the maximum diameter, in step 104, the CPU 52 determines at least one of the lens groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 of the right-side variable power optical system 13R and the left-side variable power optical system 13L. The right side aperture diameter changing unit 85 and the left side aperture diameter changing unit 87 are controlled so that the aperture diameters of the right side aperture stop 12R and the left side aperture stop 12L are changed in association with the magnification change by the movement in the Z direction. Specifically, the CPU 52 controls the right diaphragm diameter changing unit 85 and the left diaphragm diameter changing unit 87 so that the respective diaphragm diameters increase in association with the magnification changing from the low magnification end to the high magnification end. To do. In this case, the CPU 52 controls the right diaphragm diameter changing unit 85 and the left diaphragm diameter changing unit 87 so that each diaphragm diameter is equal to or smaller than a predetermined maximum diameter.

For example, when the input magnification is Mb, the CPU 52 fetches Ab as the maximum value of the aperture diameter from the above relationship stored in the secondary storage device 62 (step 102). If the current aperture diameter is Aa smaller than Ab, the negative determination is made in step 103, and the aperture diameter adjustment processing ends. When the current aperture diameter is Ab and Ma is input as the magnification, the current aperture diameter Ab is larger than the maximum value Aa for Ma (step 103 is positive). In step 104, the aperture diameters of the right-side aperture 12R and the left-side aperture 12L are controlled to the maximum value Aa.
Therefore, the aperture diameters of the right-side aperture 12R and the left-side aperture 12L can be controlled to the maximum value according to the magnification. Each aperture diameter can be adjusted based on the magnification.
In the above relationship shown in FIG. 7A, the maximum value of the aperture diameter increases as the zoom magnification increases. Therefore, it is possible to increase the aperture diameter of each of the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L in association with the zooming from the low magnification end to the high magnification end.

The foot switch may be provided with an up button and a down button for increasing the magnification, and the magnification may be continuously increased / decreased while the up button / down button is continuously pressed. When the maximum diameter is exceeded, the maximum diameter may be set one by one.
It should be noted that the adjustment of the diaphragm diameter may be performed so that the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are bilaterally symmetrical, without interlocking with the magnification change.

The point of storing the above relationship shown in FIG. 7 and the aperture diameter adjustment processing shown in FIG. 8 are the same in other embodiments and modifications.

In a conventional microscope, if a monitor that displays an image obtained by the microscope is placed in front of the user, the microscope is relatively large, so the microscope obstructs the line of sight of the user, so the monitor is placed in front of the user. I couldn't. This is particularly useful when the user often operates in a sitting position, such as during eye surgery.
On the other hand, in the microscope of the present embodiment, the microscope is relatively small, and even if the monitor is arranged in front of the user, the microscope does not obstruct the user's line of sight, so that the monitor can be arranged in front of the user. .. In order to make the microscope relatively small, as described above, in the present embodiment, the illumination light and the observation light are deflected by the deflecting element a plurality of times in the horizontal direction on the objective lens.

As described above, the surgical microscope of Patent Document 1 is not configured so that the user can easily see the display or the like on which the observation target is displayed during the operation.
However, in the first embodiment, the first right-side deflection element 22R and the second right-side deflection element 23R have a plane (for example, XY) including the direction in which the right-side observation light intersects the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. It reflects twice along the plane. In addition, the first left-side deflection element 22L and the second left-side deflection element 23L are provided twice with the left-side observation light along a plane (for example, an XY plane) including a direction intersecting the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. reflect. Therefore, the surgical microscope 100A1 can be made relatively thin.

As described above, in the first embodiment, it is possible to prevent the user's view from being obstructed so that the user can easily see the display or the like on which the observation target is displayed during the operation.

In the present embodiment, the right side illumination light from the right side illumination light source 16R is transmitted through the right side illumination optical system 17R, the second right side deflection element 23R, the first right side deflection element 22R, and the objective lens 11 to illuminate the eye. To do. The left side illumination light from the left side illumination light source 16L is transmitted through the left side illumination optical system 17L, the second left side deflection element 23L, the first left side deflection element 22L, and the objective lens 11 to illuminate the eye. Therefore, the surgical microscope 100A1 of the first embodiment can be made thin and flare can be reduced.

In the first embodiment, in the surgical microscope 100A1, the optical axis 15RI of the right side observation light and the optical axis 15LI of the left side observation light are moved by the movement of the first right side deflection element 22R and the first left side deflection element 22L. The solid angle formed at the position is continuously increased or decreased by a predetermined angle. For example, the surgical microscope 100A1 has a first body angle, a second body angle, and a second body angle which are different from each other in the body angle during the operation (during operation (in use) of the surgery microscope 100A1). At least one of the first right-side deflecting element 22R and the first left-side deflecting element 22L is made to correspond to the first right-side deflecting element moving unit 68R and the first left-side deflecting element so as to continuously change to the substantial angle of 3. It is continuously moved by at least one of the moving parts 68L. Therefore, it is possible to increase or decrease the stereoscopic effect of the user 150 viewing the right-eye image and the left-eye image displayed on the display device 100AD by each of the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light.

Further, the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R of the present embodiment includes the first right-side deflection element 22R in the optical path between the object and the right-side observation optical system (right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and right-side imaging optical system 14R). Or the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L moves the first left-side deflection element 22L in the optical path between the object and the left-side observation optical system (the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L and the left-side imaging optical system 14L). To move. For example, the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R or the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L includes an optical path between the objective lens 11 and the observation optical system (right-side observation optical system, left-side observation optical system), an object and the objective lens. 11 or an optical path of observation light (right-side observation light, left-side observation light) through the first right-side deflection element 22R or the first left-side deflection element 22L in the parallax direction (eg, the direction in which the user wants to make parallax, the eye, It is moved in a predetermined direction corresponding to the width direction).

In the first embodiment, the user 150 can continuously adjust the stereoscopic effect while visually observing an image (eg, parallax image) during surgery. For example, if the left and right images of a stereoscopic microscope for surgery that makes an object to be observed stereoscopically photographed by a camera and displayed on a 3D monitor (viewer), the stereoscopic effect becomes excessive, and conversely There may be a shortage. This is because stereoscopic vision due to convergence is affected not only by the distance between the axes of the left and right observation optical paths of the microscope, image magnification and depth of field, but also by the size of the monitor, the viewing distance of the monitor, individual differences in stereoscopic vision, etc. This is because it will change.
In such a case, in the surgical microscope, the required amount of protrusion of the solid (solid angle) is finely adjusted depending on the size of the 3D monitor, the viewing distance of the monitor, the individual difference in stereoscopic vision, the surgical scene, and the like. Is required.
In the present embodiment, the user 150 selectively operates the three-dimensional effect increasing switch 64 and the three-dimensional effect decreasing switch 66 during surgery to change the above-mentioned body angle continuously (or stepwise). It is possible to optimally adjust the stereoscopic effect of the displayed image. In this way, the user 150 can individually and easily adjust the stereoscopic effect according to the environment, the scene of surgery, and the like. In addition, in the present embodiment, the body angle described above changes smoothly due to the deflection element, the moving unit, or the like, including a smooth change or a stepwise change.

In the first embodiment, the position of the pupil of each observation optical system is set between the first right deflection element 22R and the second right deflection element 23R and between the first left deflection element 22L and the second left deflection element 23L. Place each in between. In this way, by disposing the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L in the optical path in consideration of the position of the pupil, the respective lights of the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L are The reflective area (effective diameter) can be made relatively small. Therefore, the sizes of the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L can be made as small as possible. Therefore, in the surgical microscope of the present embodiment, the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first right-side deflection element 22R are arranged to reduce the stereoscopic effect. It is possible to prevent the first right deflection element 22R and the first left deflection element 22L from interfering with each other when the left deflection element 22L is brought close to each other.
For example, in order to increase or decrease the stereoscopic effect of the image of the displayed object, the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L may be moved so that the stereoscopic angle changes. When reducing the feeling, it is difficult to greatly reduce the stereoscopic effect, considering the influence of interference due to the lens diameters of the variable power optical systems. However, since the surgical microscope in the present embodiment adjusts the stereoscopic effect by using the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L, the stereoscopic effect is the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element. It depends on the axial distance from the element 22L. As described above, the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L make the effective diameter for reflecting light smaller than the lens diameter of the observation optical system (for example, the left and right variable magnification

optical systems

13R and 13L). Therefore, by reducing the axial distance between the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L, the substantial angle can be reduced and the stereoscopic effect can be greatly reduced. The inter-axis distance between the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L is determined by the position where the optical axis 15RI of the right-side observation light is first deflected in the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L. It includes the distance in the parallax direction (eg, the X direction when viewed in the Y direction) from the position where the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light is first deflected. The axial distance between the first right-side deflection element 22R and the first left-side deflection element 22L is the center of the effective diameter on which the right-side observation light is incident on the first right-side deflection element 22R and the left-side observation on the first left-side deflection element 22L. It includes the distance in the parallax direction (eg, the X direction when viewed in the Y direction) from the center of the effective diameter on which light is incident. In addition, for example, when the observation light that has passed through the objective lens 11 is emitted as substantially parallel light, the above-mentioned inter-axis distance has a deflection surface (eg, a reflection surface) on which the right observation light is deflected by the first right deflection element 22R. ) In the parallax direction (for example, the X direction when viewed in the Y direction) between the optical axis of the right side observation light and the optical axis of the left side observation light on the deflection surface on which the left side observation light is deflected by the first left deflection element 22L. including.

-Each effect described above is the same in other embodiments.

[Second Embodiment]

Next, a second embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described.

FIG. 10 shows a top view of the surgical microscope 100B1 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 11 shows a sectional view of the surgical microscope 100B1.

The configuration of the surgical microscope 100B1 according to the second embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100A1 according to the first embodiment (FIGS. 2A and 2B), so mainly different portions will be described. For example, the surgical microscope 100B1 includes a right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, a right-side imaging optical system 14R, and a right-side imaging element 15R, a left-side variable magnification optical system 13L, a left-side imaging optical system 14L, and a left-side imaging element 15L. I have it. The surgical microscope 100B1 includes a right side illumination light source 16R, a right side illumination optical system 17R, a left side illumination light source 16L, and a left side illumination optical system 17L. Note that these elements (13R to 17L) are omitted in FIGS. 10 and 11.

The surgical microscope 100B1 has the following elements in place of the first right-side deflection element 22R, the second right-side deflection element 23R, the first left-side deflection element 22L, and the second left-side deflection element 23L. That is, the surgical microscope 100B1 includes the first right-side deflection element 122R, the second right-side deflection element 123R, the third right-side deflection element 124R, the first left-side deflection element 122L, the second left-side deflection element 123L, and the third left-side deflection. And an element 124L.
The first right-side deflection element 122R, the second right-side deflection element 123R, and the third right-side deflection element 124R, the first left-side deflection element 122L, the second left-side deflection element 123L, and the third left-side deflection element 124L are disclosed in this disclosure. It is an example of a "deflection element" of the technology.
The first right-side deflection element 122R, the second right-side deflection element 123R, and the third right-side deflection element 124R are examples of the “first plurality of deflection elements” in the technology of the present disclosure, and the first left-side deflection element 122L and the The second left-side deflection element 123L and the third left-side deflection element 124L are examples of the “second plurality of deflection elements” in the technology of the present disclosure.
The third right-side deflection element 124R and the third left-side deflection element 124L are examples of the “transmissive reflection element” in the technology of the present disclosure.
Although not shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the right diaphragm 12R is disposed, for example, between the second right deflecting element 123R and the third right deflecting element 124R, and the left diaphragm 12L is, for example, the second diaphragm. It is arranged between the left side deflection element 123L and the third left side deflection element 124L.

The right side illumination light from the right side illumination light source 16R is shaped by the right side illumination optical system 17R, transmitted through the third right side deflection element 124R, reflected by the second right side deflection element 123R and the first right side deflection element 122R, and the objective lens 11 To illuminate the eye.

The left side illumination light from the left side illumination light source 16L is shaped by the left side illumination optical system 17L, passes through the third left side deflection element 124L, is reflected by the second left side deflection element 123L and the first left side deflection element 122L, and the objective lens 11 To illuminate the eye.

The first right deflection element 122R reflects the right observation light from the objective lens 11 in the Y (positive) direction, and the second right deflection element 123R converts the right observation light reflected by the first right deflection element 122R into X ( Reflect in the positive direction. The third right-side deflection element 124R reflects the right-side observation light reflected by the second right-side deflection element 123R in the Y (positive) direction. The right side observation light reflected by the third right side deflection element 124R reaches the right side variable magnification optical system 13R.

The first left side deflection element 122L reflects the left side observation light from the objective lens 11 in the Y (positive) direction, and the second left side deflection element 123L converts the left side observation light reflected by the first left side deflection element 122L into X ( Reflect in the negative direction. The third left-side deflection element 124L reflects the left-side observation light reflected by the second left-side deflection element 123L in the Y (positive) direction. The left-side observation light reflected by the third left-side deflecting element 124L reaches the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L.

The first right-side deflection element 122R, the second right-side deflection element 123R, the first left-side deflection element 122L, and the second left-side deflection element 123L are, for example, a reflection mirror, a half mirror, or a prism mirror that reflects received light. Is used.

As the third right-side deflection element 124R and the third left-side deflection element 124L, for example, a half mirror, a beam splitter, a dichroic mirror or the like is used.

FIG. 12 shows a state (top view) of the surgical microscope 100B1 when the first right deflection element 122R and the second right deflection element 123R and the first left deflection element 122L and the second left deflection element 123L move. As shown in FIG. 13, a state of the surgical microscope 100B1 when the first right deflection element 122R and the second right deflection element 123R and the first left deflection element 122L and the second left deflection element 123L move (cross section). Figure) is shown.

The first right-side deflection element 122R, the second right-side deflection element 123R, and the right-side diaphragm 12R are arranged in each moving part. Each moving unit corresponds the parallax direction to the first right-side deflection element 122R, the second right-side deflection element 123R, and the right-side diaphragm 12R through each moving unit by each moving mechanism (for example, rack and pinion). It is moved in a predetermined direction (for example, the X direction with respect to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11).

The first left-side deflection element 122L, the second left-side deflection element 123L, and the left-side diaphragm 12L are arranged in each moving part. Each moving unit corresponds the parallax direction of the first left-side deflecting element 122L, the second left-side deflecting element 123L, and the left-side diaphragm 12L via each moving unit by each moving mechanism (for example, rack and pinion). It is moved in a predetermined direction (for example, the X direction with respect to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11).

The moving parts (68R, 68L) are omitted in the second embodiment. The right diaphragm moving unit 69R and the left diaphragm moving unit 69L move the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L, respectively.

The moving parts of the first right-side deflection element 122R and the second right-side deflection element 123R and the first left-side deflection element 122L and the second left-side deflection element 123L are examples of the “moving part” of the technology of the present disclosure.

The second embodiment also has the same effect as the first embodiment.
For example, as described above, since the microscope is relatively downsized by deflecting the illumination light and the observation light by the deflecting element a plurality of times in the horizontal direction on the objective lens, it is possible to arrange a monitor in front of the user. it can.
Further, as described above, the illumination light and the right-side observation light move along the XY plane in the optical path in the range of the right-side illumination light source 16R, the first right-side deflection element 122R, and the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R. In this way, the illumination light and the left-side observation light move along the XY plane in the optical path in the range of the left-side illumination light source 16L, the first left-side deflection element 122L, and the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L. The surgical microscope 100B1 can be made relatively thin.

[Third Embodiment]

Next, a third embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described. The configuration of 100C1 of the third embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100B1 of the second embodiment, so mainly different portions will be described.

FIG. 14 shows a top view of the 100C1 of the third embodiment, and FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional view of the 100C1 of the third embodiment.

In 100C1 of the third embodiment, instead of disposing the first right side deflection element 122R and the first left side deflection element 122L of the surgical microscope 100B1 of the second embodiment, a first right side deflection element 122R The first left-side deflection element 122RL is integrated with the first left-side deflection element 122L to form a common first right-side deflection element 122RL. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the first right-side and left-side deflection elements 122RL pass through the objective lens 11 among the above-mentioned plurality of deflection elements (first plurality of deflection elements and second plurality of deflection elements). The deflecting element first reflects and deflects the observation light (right-side observation light, left-side observation light). That is, the first right-side deflection element 122R, the first right-side deflection element 122R, the second right-side deflection element 123R, and the third right-side deflection element 124R that first reflect the right-side observation light that has passed through the objective lens 11; Among the left-side deflection element 122L, the second left-side deflection element 123L, and the third left-side deflection element 124L, there are a first left-side deflection element 122L and a first left-side deflection element 122L that first reflect the left-side observation light that has passed through the objective lens 11. , A common first right and left deflection element 122RL.
In this case, as will be described later, the right side observation light reflected by the common first right and left deflecting element 122RL is first arranged between the common first right and left deflecting element 122RL and the right variable power optical system 13R. The second right-side deflecting element 123R that reflects and deflects the light to the left, the common first right-side and left-side deflecting element 122RL, and the left-side variable-magnification optical system 13L are arranged and are reflected by the common first right-side and left-side deflecting element 122RL. The second left-side deflection element 123L that first reflects and deflects the left-side observation light is moved by each moving unit.
The first right and left deflection elements 122RL are examples of the “common deflection element” in the technique of the present disclosure. The second right-side deflection element 123R is an example of the “deflection element that first reflects the right-side observation light” in the technology of the present disclosure, and the second left-side deflection element 123 is the “left-side observation light first in the technology of the present disclosure”. It is an example of a “deflecting deflecting element”.

FIG. 16 is a microscope for operation when the second right-side deflection element 123R and the second left-side deflection element 123L move in a direction intersecting the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (eg, orthogonal direction, X direction, etc.). A state (cross-sectional view) of 100C1 is shown, and in FIG. 17, the second right-side deflection element 23R and the second left-side deflection element 23L of the surgical microscope 100C1 when moving with respect to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 are shown. The situation (cross-sectional view) is shown.

In the 100C1 of the third embodiment, the moving part (68R) of the second right side deflection element 123R includes the second right side deflection that first reflects the right side observation light reflected by the common first right side and left side deflection element 122RL. The element 123R, and the moving part (68L) of the second left-side deflection element 123L includes a second left-side deflection element 123L that first reflects the left-side observation light reflected by the common first right-side and left-side deflection element 122RL, The objective lens 11 is moved in the parallax direction with respect to the optical axis 110 via each moving mechanism.

The moving parts (68R, 68L) are omitted in the third embodiment. The right diaphragm moving unit 69R and the left diaphragm moving unit 69L move the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L, respectively.

The moving parts of the second right-side deflection element 123R and the second left-side deflection element 123L are examples of the “moving part” in the technology of the present disclosure.

The third embodiment also has the same effect as that of the first embodiment.
For example, as described above, since the microscope is relatively downsized by deflecting the illumination light and the observation light by the deflecting element a plurality of times in the horizontal direction on the objective lens, it is possible to arrange a monitor in front of the user. it can.
In addition, as described above, the illumination light and the right observation light move along the XY plane in the optical path in the range of the right illumination light source 16R, the first right eye and left deflection element 122RL, and the right variable magnification optical system 13R. .. In this way, the illumination light and the left observation light move along the XY plane in the optical path in the range of the left illumination light source 16L, the first right eye and left deflection element 122RL, and the left variable magnification optical system 13L. The thickness of the surgical microscope 100B1 in the direction orthogonal to the XY plane can be made relatively thin.

[Fourth Embodiment]

Next, a fourth embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described. The configuration of the surgical microscope 100A2 of the fourth embodiment is substantially the same as the configuration of the surgical microscope 100A1 of the first embodiment, so mainly different portions will be described.

FIG. 18 shows a cross-sectional view of the surgical microscope 100A2 according to the fourth embodiment.

In the surgical microscope 100A1 (FIGS. 2A and 2B) of the first embodiment, the surface of the eye is illuminated, and the right side observation light and the left side observation light from the eye surface are respectively captured by the right side imaging element 15R and the left side imaging element 15L. Image on.

On the other hand, the surgical microscope 100A2 according to the fourth embodiment includes the front lens 132 that is manually or automatically arranged in the immediate vicinity of the eye. The front lens 132 includes a non-contact type and a contact type that is directly placed on the eye. The front lens 132 may be a convex lens or a concave lens. The convex lens front lens 132 will be described below as an example.
The right side illumination light and the left side illumination light exceed the focal point (object plane), become substantially parallel light by the front lens 132, and form an image on the fundus by the eye 130. The right side observation light and the left side observation light from the fundus of the eye 130 reach the first right side deflection element 22R and the first left side deflection element 22L via the front lens 132. The right side observation light and the left side observation light from the fundus of the eye 130 reach the first right side deflection element 22R and the first left side deflection element 22L via the front lens 132.

The fourth embodiment has the same effect as that of the first embodiment, but further the front lens 132 allows observation of a wide range of the fundus.

In the fourth embodiment, the front lens 132 is provided, the right side illumination light and the left side illumination light exceed the focal point (object plane), become parallel light by the front lens 132, and form an image on the fundus by the eye 130. .. Therefore, the surgical microscope 100A2 of the fourth embodiment is long in the Z direction, but is thin, so the thin effect is more significant in the fourth embodiment.

As a modified example of the surgical microscope 100B1 (FIG. 10, FIG. 11) of the second embodiment and as a modified example of the surgical microscope 100C1 (FIG. 14, FIG. 15) of the third embodiment, respectively. The surgical microscopes 100B1 and 100C1 may also be provided with the front lens 132 as in the surgical microscope 100A2 of the fourth embodiment.

[Fifth Embodiment]

Next, a fifth embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described. The configuration of the surgical microscope 100A3 of the fifth embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100A2 of the fourth embodiment, so mainly different portions will be described.

FIG. 19 shows a sectional view of the surgical microscope 100A3 of the fifth embodiment. The surgical microscope 100A3 includes a fiber 140 that illuminates the inside of the eye.

The fifth embodiment has the same effects as the fourth embodiment, but further has the effect that the fiber 140 can directly illuminate the inside of the eye in addition to transillumination and oblique illumination.

In the modified example of the surgical microscope 100B1 of the second embodiment, and also in the modified example of the surgical microscope 100C1 of the third embodiment, the fiber 140 is provided similarly to the surgical microscope 100A3 of the fifth embodiment. It may be provided.
[Sixth Embodiment]

Next, a sixth embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described. The configuration of the surgical microscope 100A4 of the sixth embodiment is substantially the same as the configuration of the surgical microscope 100A1 of the first embodiment, so mainly different portions will be described.

FIG. 20 shows a sectional view of the surgical microscope 100A4 of the sixth embodiment.

In the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the right side illumination light from the right side illumination light source 16R passes through the second right side deflection element 23R, the first right side deflection element 22R, and the objective lens 11. Reach the eye. The left side illumination light from the left side illumination light source 16L reaches the eye via the second left side deflection element 23L, the first left side deflection element 22L, and the objective lens 11.

On the other hand, in the surgical microscope 100A4 of the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, the right side illumination light from the right side illumination light source 16R and the left side illumination light from the left side illumination light source 16L are the right side and left side illumination light sources. The light is reflected by a beam splitter 125 provided between the objective lens 11 and the eye via the optical system 17, and reaches the eye.

[Seventh Embodiment]

Next, a seventh embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described. The configuration of the surgical microscope 100A5 of the seventh embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100A1 of the first embodiment, so mainly different portions will be described.

FIG. 21 shows a surgical microscope 100A5 according to the seventh embodiment.

The first right-side deflection element 22R of the surgical microscope 100A5 reflects and deflects the right-side observation light from the eye through the objective lens 11 in the X (positive) direction. The second right-side deflection element 23R1 reflects and deflects the right-side observation light reflected by the first right-side deflection element 22R so as to have respective components in the Z (positive) direction and the X (positive or negative) direction, It is incident on the right-side variable power optical system 13R.

The first left-side deflection element 22L of the surgical microscope 100A5 reflects and deflects the left-side observation light from the eye via the objective lens 11 in the X (negative) direction. The second left-side deflection element 23L1 reflects and deflects the left-side observation light reflected by the first left-side deflection element 22L so as to have respective components in the Z (positive) direction and the X (positive or negative) direction, It is incident on the left-side variable power optical system 13L.

In this way, the second right-side deflection element 23R1 reflects the right-side observation light so as to have respective components in the Z (positive) direction and the X (positive or negative) direction, and the second left-side deflection element 23L1 observes the left side. Light is reflected such that it has components in the Z (positive) direction and the X (positive or negative) direction. Therefore, the surgical microscope 100A5 can be thinned by the amount of each component in the X (positive or negative) direction.

The first right-side deflection element 22R may reflect the right-side observation light from the eye through the objective lens 11 so as to have respective components in the X (positive) direction and the Z (negative) direction. The first left-side deflection element 22L may reflect left-side observation light from the eye through the objective lens 11 so as to have respective components in the X (positive) direction and the Z (negative) direction.

The first right-side deflection element 22R reflects the right-side observation light, and the first left-side deflection element 22L reflects the left-side observation light so as to have a component in the Z (negative) direction. ) Direction component, the thickness can be reduced.

[Eighth Embodiment]

Next, an eighth embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described. The configuration of the surgical microscope 100A6 according to the eighth embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100A1 according to the first embodiment, and therefore mainly different portions will be described.

FIG. 22 shows a top view of the surgical microscope 100A6 according to the eighth embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 22, a surgical microscope 100A6 is provided with right-side elements (22R to 13R) and is movable on a right-side movable substrate 160R that is two-dimensionally movable in the XY plane, and left-side elements (22L to 13L). And a left-side moving substrate 160L that is movable in two dimensions of the XY plane.

In the surgical microscope 100A6, instead of the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 and the stereoscopic effect decreasing switch 66, an X (positive) direction moving switch, an X (negative) direction moving switch, a Y (positive) direction moving switch, and a Y ( It has a four-way switch, which is a (negative) direction movement switch.

The right moving board moving unit moves the right moving board 160R two-dimensionally in the XY plane by a moving mechanism (for example, a rack and pinion) according to an operation of any of the four-direction switches. In response to an operation of any of the four-direction switches, the left-side moving board moving unit moves the left-side moving board 160L in two dimensions on the XY plane by a moving mechanism (for example, rack and pinion).

[Modification]

In the first to eighth embodiments, the display device 100AD is arranged on the surgical microscope main body 100AH (see FIG. 1).

The technology of the present disclosure is not limited to this.

Further, as shown in FIG. 26, the surgical microscope main body 100AH has a second visual field region for the image 100AD2 displayed by the display device 100AD in a state where the user 150 is viewing the front side of the surgical microscope. It is placed in an area outside
Further, the surgical microscope according to the present embodiment may be configured to receive fluorescence, phosphorescence, or infrared light generated from an object as observation light depending on the application.

In the first embodiment and the twelfth embodiment, an example in which control processing is realized by a software configuration using a computer is shown, but the technology of the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, instead of the software configuration using a computer, the control process may be executed only by a hardware configuration such as FPGA or ASIC. The control processing may be executed by a combination of software configuration and hardware configuration.

All documents, patent applications and technical standards mentioned in this specification are to the same extent as if each individual document, patent application and technical standard was specifically and individually noted to be incorporated by reference. Incorporated by reference in the book.

11 Objective Lens 13L Left Side Variable Optical System 13R Right Side Variable Optical System 22R First Right Side Deflection Element 22L First Left Side Deflection Element 23R Second Right Side Deflection Element 23L Second Left Side Deflection Element 68L First Left Side Deflection Element Moving Section 68R First Right deflection element moving unit 85 Right diaphragm diameter changing unit 87 Left diaphragm diameter changing unit 100AD Display device 122RL First right eye and left deflection element

Claims

Objective optics,
Variable power optics,
A direction which is provided between the objective optical system and the variable power optical system and which intersects the observation light generated from the object and transmitted through the objective optical system with the direction of the optical axis of the objective optical system. A plurality of deflection elements arranged so as to reflect
A microscope equipped with.
A single objective optics,
Variable power optics,
A plurality of deflecting elements provided between the objective optical system and the variable power optical system and arranged so as to reflect observation light generated from an object and transmitted through the objective optical system;
A microscope equipped with.
Objective optics,
A plurality of deflecting elements for reflecting the observation light generated from the object and transmitted through the objective optical system at least twice along a plane including a direction intersecting the optical axis of the objective optical system;
A microscope equipped with.
Equipped with variable power optics,
Each of the plurality of deflection elements is provided between the objective optical system and the variable power optical system,
The microscope according to claim 3.
The microscope according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the plane is a surface including a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction.
The plurality of deflection elements includes a first deflection element that deflects the observation light in a first direction intersecting the optical axis of the objective optical system, and the observation light that is deflected by the first deflection element as the light. A second deflecting element that deflects in a direction different from the axial direction and the first direction,
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
The second deflecting element deflects in a direction orthogonal to the deflecting direction of the observation light in the first deflecting element on a plane intersecting with the vertical direction.
The microscope according to claim 6.
Each of the plurality of deflecting elements reflects the observation light so that each reflection observation light has a component in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective optical system,
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
The plurality of deflection elements are
A first plurality of deflecting elements for forming right side observation light;
A second plurality of deflecting elements for forming left side observation light;
Including,
At least one deflecting element of the first plurality of deflecting elements so that the physical angle formed by the optical axis of the right side observation light and the optical axis of the left side observation light at the position of the object continuously changes. And a moving unit that moves at least one of the second plurality of deflecting elements and at least one deflecting element.
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
The deflection element that first reflects the observation light that has passed through the objective optical system in the first plurality of deflection elements and the observation light that has transmitted through the objective optical system in the second plurality of deflection elements first The deflecting element that reflects is a common deflecting element,
The moving unit is disposed between the common deflecting element and the variable power optical system, and the deflecting element in the first plurality of deflecting elements that reflects the right-side observation light reflected by the common deflecting element; Moving the deflecting elements in the second plurality of deflecting elements that are arranged between the common deflecting element and the variable power optical system and that reflect the left-side observation light reflected by the common deflecting element,
The microscope according to claim 9.
In the variable power optical system, the effective area of the luminous flux of the observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the observation light is between the variable power optical system and the objective optical system. It is formed so that there is an effective area at a position closest to the system and a minimum position smaller than the effective area at a position closest to the variable power optical system of the objective optical system.
The microscope according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 4.
The position where the effective area of the luminous flux of the observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the observation light is the minimum is the position of the pupil of the variable power optical system.
The microscope according to claim 11.
Further comprising a diaphragm which is arranged between the variable power optical system and the objective optical system and which limits the effective area of the luminous flux of the observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the observation light.
The microscope according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 4.
The diaphragm is a variable diaphragm,
By adjusting the diaphragm based on the magnification of the variable power optical system, the effective area of the observation light is adjusted,
The microscope according to claim 13.
Further, in conjunction with changing the magnification of the variable power optical system from the low magnification end to the high magnification end, the diaphragm diameter of the diaphragm is increased so that the diaphragm diameter is further adjusted.
The microscope according to claim 14.
The diaphragm diameter adjusting unit adjusts the diaphragm so that the diaphragm diameter of the diaphragm is equal to or smaller than a maximum diameter predetermined for each zoom magnification,
The microscope according to claim 15.
At least one size of the plurality of deflecting elements is determined so that the effective area of the luminous flux of the observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the observation light becomes a predetermined area.
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
At least one of the plurality of deflecting elements is provided with a mask that shields light so that the effective area of the luminous flux of the observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the observation light becomes a predetermined area.
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
At least one of the plurality of deflection elements is arranged in the vicinity of the objective optical system,
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 18.
Further comprising a display unit for displaying an image obtained by the observation light,
The display unit displays the image in an area deviating from the first visual field area for the main body of the microscope in a state where the user is visually recognizing it from the front side of the microscope,
Or
The main body of the microscope is arranged in a region deviating from a second visual field region in which the user views the image from the front side of the microscope.
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 19.
Of the plurality of deflection elements, a deflection element that first reflects the observation light that has passed through at least the objective optical system is a deflection element that emits illumination light that is emitted so as to pass through an optical path that excludes the variable power optical system to the object. reflect,
The microscope according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 4, or any one of claims 11 to 15.
The plurality of deflection elements includes a transmissive reflection element,
The transflective element transmits the illumination light emitted so as to pass through the optical path that has removed the variable power optical system and reflects the observation light.
The microscope according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 4, and any one of claims 11 to 15 and claim 21.
Further comprising a beam splitter provided between the objective optical system and the object,
The beam splitter reflects the illumination light emitted so as to pass through the optical path excluding the variable power optical system to the object,
The microscope according to claim 1, claim 2, claim 4, and claims 11 to 15, claim 21, or claim 22.