WO2020095445A1

WO2020095445A1 - Microscope

Info

Publication number: WO2020095445A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/041700
Authority: WO
Inventors: 良一左高; 正宏水田; 智裕川崎; 上田　武彦; 浩紀石川
Original assignee: 株式会社ニコン
Priority date: 2018-11-09
Filing date: 2018-11-09
Publication date: 2020-05-14

Abstract

The present invention increases design flexibility of a microscope. This microscope is provided with: an objective lens; a right observation optical system that focuses right observation light included in observation light from an object onto a right imaging element; a left observation optical system that focuses left observation light included in the observation light from the object onto a left imaging element; a right deflection element that is provided between the objective lens and the right observation optical system, reflects right illumination light illuminating the object, and deflects the right observation light generated from the object to the right observation optical system; and a left deflection element that is provided between the objective lens and the left observation optical system, reflects left illumination light illuminating the object, and deflects the left observation light generated from the object to the left observation optical system. The right deflection element is disposed so as to deflect the right observation light in a direction crossing the direction of the optical axis of the objective lens, and the left deflection element is disposed so as to deflect the left observation light in a direction crossing the direction of the optical axis of the objective lens.

Description

microscope

The technology of the present disclosure relates to a microscope.

In surgery, there is known a surgical microscope that displays an observation target (eg, an affected part) on a display so that the user can magnify and visually observe the observation target (eg, affected part). For example, in the surgical microscope of Patent Document 1, the observation optical system includes an observation optical path for the right eye and an observation optical path for the left eye of the user, and the user observes through the observation optical paths (in this case, the eyes of the patient). ) Can be viewed stereoscopically.

In such a surgical microscope, it is required that the user's field of view is not obstructed so that the user can easily see the display on which the observation target is displayed during the operation. In particular, in ophthalmic surgery, since a user often performs surgery in a sitting position, a surgical microscope that does not block the user's view in the sitting position is required.

JP, 2018-18039, A

The microscope according to the first aspect of the technology of the present disclosure includes an objective lens, a right observation optical system that forms right observation light included in observation light from an object on a right imaging element, and observation light from the object. A left-side observation optical system that forms the left-side observation light included in the left-side imaging device on the left-side imaging device, and is provided between the objective lens and the right-side observation optical system, and reflects the right-side illumination light that illuminates the object, A right-side deflection element that deflects the right-side observation light generated from the object to the right-side observation optical system, and is provided between the objective lens and the left-side observation optical system, and reflects left-side illumination light that illuminates the object. And a left-side deflection element that deflects the left-side observation light generated from the object to the left-side observation optical system, wherein the right-side deflection element directs the right-side observation light in the direction of the optical axis of the objective lens. Those who intersect with Are arranged to deflect, the left deflection element, the left telescopic beam is arranged to deflect in a direction intersecting the direction of the optical axis of the objective lens.

A microscope according to a second aspect of the technology of the present disclosure includes an objective lens, a right-side observation optical system that forms right-side observation light included in observation light from an object on a right-side imaging element, and observation light from the object. A left-side observation optical system that forms the left-side observation light included in the left-side imaging device on the left-side imaging device, and is provided between the objective lens and the right-side observation optical system, and reflects the right-side illumination light that illuminates the object, A right side transmission element that transmits the right side observation light generated from the object to the right side observation optical system, and is provided between the objective lens and the left side observation optical system, and reflects left side illumination light that illuminates the object. And a left-side transmission element that transmits the left-side observation light generated from the object to the left-side observation optical system.

It is a figure which shows an example of the surgical microscope 100A1 of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of the microscope for operation 100A1 of this Embodiment. The surgical microscope looking down from the Z direction showing that the optical axes 16LI and 16RI of the left and right oblique illuminations of the present embodiment are displaced in the Y direction from the optical axes 18LI and 18RI of the left and right perfect coaxial illumination light. It is an example of a top view of 100A1. The optical axes 16LI and 16RI of the left and right oblique illumination according to the present embodiment are centered on the points where the optical axes 15LI and 15RI of the left and right observation light on the surfaces of the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L are located, respectively. When located on the circumference of the circle, the optical axes 16LI and 16RI of the oblique illumination directed from the first right side deflection element 25R and the first left side deflection element 25L to the eye change the direction of the oblique illumination but change the observation light on the left and right. It is an example of a diagram showing that the same angle is formed at the eye position with respect to the optical axis (15LI, 15RI). It is an example of a diagram showing that the optical axes 16LI and 16RI of the left and right oblique illuminations of the present embodiment pass through the left and right

first deflection elements

26L and 26R, respectively. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the right variable magnification optical system 13R of this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the specific structure of the right side variable magnification optical system 13R of this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the block diagram of the surgical microscope 100A1 of this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the flowchart of the stereoscopic effect increase adjustment process which CPU52 (refer FIG. 5) performs according to the stereoscopic effect increase adjustment program of this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the flowchart of the stereoscopic effect reduction adjustment process which CPU52 (refer FIG. 5) performs according to the stereoscopic effect reduction adjustment program of this Embodiment. 6 is an example of a graph showing a maximum diameter predetermined for each zoom magnification with respect to the diaphragm diameters of the left and right diaphragms of the present embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart of an aperture diameter adjustment process for adjusting the left and right aperture diameters based on the magnification of the observation optical system, which is executed by the CPU 52 (see FIG. 5) according to the aperture diameter adjustment program of the present embodiment. An example of a state (cross-sectional view) of the surgical microscope 100A1 when moving the first right-side deflection element 25R (first left-side deflection element 25L) of the present embodiment in a direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 is shown. It is a figure. Another aspect (cross-sectional view) of the surgical microscope 100A1 when moving the first right-side deflection element 25R (and the first left-side deflection element 25L) of the present embodiment in the direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 is shown. It is a figure which shows an example. It is a figure which shows five examples of the position which arrange | positions the right diaphragm 12R of this Embodiment in one drawing. An example of a diagram showing that when the first right deflection element 25R of the present embodiment is moved in the direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11, the right diaphragm of each of the three examples among the five examples is also moved. Is. It is a figure which shows an example of the 1st relationship of the display apparatus 100AD of this Embodiment and the microscope body 100AH for surgery. It is a figure which shows an example of the 2nd relationship of the display apparatus 100AD of this Embodiment, and the microscope body 100AH for surgery. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that the right diaphragm 12R of this Embodiment is arrange | positioned in the position where the effective area of the light beam of the right side observation light becomes minimum. By omitting the right diaphragm 12R of the present embodiment and adjusting the light reflecting area (effective diameter) of each of the first right deflecting element 25R and the second right deflecting element 26R, It is a figure which shows an example of a mode that an effective area is limited. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of the microscope for operation 100A2 of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of the microscope for operation 100A3 of 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of the microscope for operation 100A4 of 4th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode (cross section) of the surgical microscope 100A4 at the time of three-dimensional adjustment of this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of the microscope for operation 100B of 5th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of a mode (cross section) of the surgical microscope 100B at the time of three-dimensional adjustment of this Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of 100 C of surgical microscopes of 6th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cross section of the microscope for operation 100D of 7th Embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the technology of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, the meaning of terms used in the following description in the present embodiment will be described.
Further, in the following description, the CPU is an abbreviation of “Central Processing Unit”. In the following description, RAM is an abbreviation for “Random Access Memory”. Further, in the following description, the ROM is an abbreviation for “Read Only Memory”.
Further, in the following description, ASIC is an abbreviation for “Application Specific Integrated Circuit”. In the following description, FPGA is an abbreviation for “Field-Programmable Gate Array”. In the following description, SSD means an abbreviation of “Solid State Drive”. Further, in the following description, the DVD-ROM is an abbreviation for “Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory”. In the following description, USB is an abbreviation for "Universal Serial Bus".

Also, in the following description, “right angle” refers to an angle obtained by intersecting a horizontal line and a vertical line. In the following description, the angle described as “right angle” does not necessarily have to be a right angle and may be displaced as long as it is within an allowable error.

[First Embodiment]

FIG. 1 shows a surgical microscope 100A1 placed in front of a user (eg, an ophthalmologist) 150. As shown in FIG. 1, the surgical microscope 100A1 is directly or indirectly arranged on the surgical microscope main body 100AH and the surgical microscope main body 100AH, and is obtained by right-side observation light and left-side observation light described below. And a display device 100AD for displaying an image. A stereoscopic image with a parallax of the eye due to the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light included in the observation light (eg, visible light) generated from the surgical target eye (for example, right eye) that is the target object (observation target) Observation images, operative field images, display images, parallax images) are obtained.
Here, the “right side” is the right side (for example, the positive direction of the X axis) when the surgical microscope 100A1 is viewed from the user 150, and 2 for generating two images for generating a parallax image. One of the two observation lights is on the side of passing through the objective lens 11 (see also FIG. 2A). Further, the “right side” is a side on which one of the two illumination lights (the right illumination light and the left illumination light) travels toward the object in order to generate two images for generating a parallax image.
The “left side” is the left side (eg, the negative direction of the X axis) when the surgical microscope 100A1 is viewed from the user, and the two observation lights for generating two images for generating a parallax image. The other is the side that passes through the objective lens 11 (see also FIG. 2A) and proceeds. The “left side” is the side on which the other of the two illumination lights (right illumination light and left illumination light) travels toward the object in order to generate two images for generating the parallax image.
The “right side observation light” is one observation light for generating one of the two images for generating a parallax image, and the “left side observation light” is the other for generating the other image. It is observation light. One image is an image for one eye of the user, and the other image is an image for the other eye of the user. For example, one image is an image for the right eye of the user, and the other image includes an image for the left eye of the user. Further, one image may be an image for the left eye of the user, and the other image may be an image for the right eye of the user.
The “right side illumination light” is the illumination light emitted from the right side illumination light source optical system 1618R described later to illuminate the object from the right side. The “left side illumination light” is an illumination light emitted from a left side illumination light source optical system 1618L described later in order to illuminate the object from the left side.

The display device 100AD may be a liquid crystal display, an organic EL display, or the like. The display device 100AD is an example of a “display unit” of the technology of the present disclosure.

The vertical direction is the Z direction, the direction connecting the center of the user 150 and the center of the surgical microscope main body 100AH and orthogonal to the Z direction is the Y direction, and the left and right direction of the surgical microscope 100A1 with respect to the user 150 is the Z direction. The direction orthogonal to each other is defined as the X direction. The vertically upward direction is the positive direction of Z, and the vertically downward direction is the negative direction of Z. The depth direction from the user 150 to the surgical microscope 100A1 is the positive Y direction, and the front direction is the negative Y direction. Based on the user 150, the right direction (eg, right direction) of the surgical microscope 100A1 is a positive direction of X, and the left direction (eg, left direction) is a negative direction of X. In the present embodiment, when a plane including an X direction and a Y direction orthogonal to a vertical direction (eg, Z direction in FIG. 2A) is a horizontal plane, a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction on the horizontal plane is a horizontal direction (eg, The direction that intersects the vertical direction on the horizontal plane, the X direction and the Y direction).

FIG. 2A shows a sectional view of the surgical microscope 100A1. As shown in FIG. 2A, the surgical microscope 100A1 includes a single objective lens 11, a right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, a right-side imaging optical system 14R, a right-side imaging element 15R, a left-side variable-magnification optical system 13L, and a left-side imaging optical system. The system 14L and the left imaging element 15L are provided. It should be noted that the single objective lens 11 may be configured by a lens (for example, a doublet) in which two or more lenses are bonded together.
The right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the right-side imaging optical system 14R form the right-side observation light included in the observation light from the eye on the right-side image sensor 15R. The left-side variable magnification optical system 13L and the left-side imaging optical system 14L form the right-side observation light included in the observation light from the eye on the left-side imaging element 15L.
The right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, the right-side imaging optical system 14R, and the right-side imaging device 15R are arranged on the same right-side imaging optical device substrate that is movable in the X direction, and is referred to as right-side imaging optical device 131415R. The left-side variable magnification optical system 13L, the left-side imaging optical system 14L, and the left-side imaging element 15L are arranged on the same substrate for the left-side imaging optical device that is movable in the X direction, and are referred to as the left-side imaging optical device 131415L. The objective lens 11 in the present embodiment is configured by a common objective lens on which the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light are incident (a so-called Galileo type), but may be configured by a Greenough type including two or more objective lenses. ..
The right variable magnification optical system 13R and the right imaging optical system 14R are examples of the “right observation optical system” of the technique of the present disclosure. The left-side variable power optical system 13L and the left-side imaging optical system 14L are examples of the “left-side observation optical system” in the technique of the present disclosure.

The surgical microscope 100A1 includes a right oblique illumination light source 16R for oblique illumination and a right oblique illumination optical that shapes the right oblique illumination light (16RI is attached to its optical axis) emitted by the right oblique illumination light source 16R. And a system 21R. The right oblique illumination light source 16R and the right oblique illumination optical system 21R configure a right oblique illumination light source oblique illumination optical system 1621R.

In addition, the surgical microscope 100A1 shapes the right perfect coaxial illumination light source 18R for transillumination and the right perfect coaxial illumination light (18RI is attached to the optical axis) emitted by the right perfect coaxial illumination light source 18R. And a right complete coaxial illumination optical system 23R. The right perfect coaxial illumination light source 18R and the right perfect coaxial illumination optical system 23R constitute a right perfect coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system 1823R.

Right oblique illumination light source Oblique illumination optical system 1621R and right complete coaxial illumination light source Complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823R (right oblique illumination light source 16R to right complete coaxial illumination optical system 23R) is the same rightward illumination light source optical that is movable in the X direction. The right side illumination light source optical system 1618R is disposed on the system substrate. The right side illumination light source optical system 1618R generates illumination light that illuminates the eye from the right side.

The right oblique illumination light source 16R and the right complete coaxial illumination light source 18R are arranged so that the emitted right side illumination (oblique illumination and complete coaxial illumination) light does not pass through the right variable magnification optical system 13R and the right imaging optical system 14R. ing.

Further, the surgical microscope 100A1 includes a left oblique illumination light source 16L for oblique illumination and a left oblique illumination light (16LI is attached to the optical axis) emitted by the left oblique illumination light source 16L. And an illumination optical system 21L. The left oblique illumination light source 16L and the left oblique illumination optical system 21L constitute a left oblique illumination light source oblique illumination optical system 1621L.

The surgical microscope 100A1 shapes the left perfect coaxial illumination light source 18L for transillumination and the left perfect coaxial illumination light (18LI is attached to the optical axis) emitted by the left perfect coaxial illumination light source 18L. And a complete coaxial illumination optical system 23L. The left perfect coaxial illumination light source 18L and the left perfect coaxial illumination optical system 23L constitute a left perfect coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system 1823L.

Left oblique illumination light source The oblique illumination optical system 1621L and the left complete coaxial illumination light source The complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823L (the left oblique illumination light source 16L to the left complete coaxial illumination optical system 23L) are the same leftward illumination light source optical that is movable in the X direction. It is arranged on the system substrate and is called a left side illumination light source optical system 1618L.

The left side oblique illumination light source 16L and the left side complete coaxial illumination light source 18L are arranged so that the emitted left side illumination (oblique illumination and perfect coaxial illumination) light does not pass through the left side variable magnification optical system 13L and the left side imaging optical system 14L. ing.

The right side illumination light source optical system 1618R is an example of the “right side illumination optical system” of the technology of the present disclosure. The left side illumination light source optical system 1618L is an example of the “left side illumination optical system” of the technology of the present disclosure.

Next, each illumination light (optical axis 16RI to 18LI) will be described. The lighting includes a first lighting and a second lighting. The first illumination is illumination for transillumination, and the second illumination is oblique illumination.

Transillumination refers to an illumination method in which light reaches the retina and the reflected light is used as a secondary light source to obtain a backlight effect (Red reflex). For example, it is an illumination method for brightening the crystalline lens. The first type of transillumination illumination is perfect coaxial illumination, and the second type is near coaxial illumination.

In perfect coaxial illumination, the optical axes 18RI and 18LI of transillumination illumination light (perfect coaxial illumination light) are coaxial with the optical axes 15RI and 15LI of observation light.

For near-coaxial illumination, the optical axis of transillumination illumination light (near-coaxial illumination light) is set to, for example, about 2 ° with respect to the optical axes 15RI and 15LI of observation light.

As will be described in detail later, the surgical microscope 100A1 may switch between perfect coaxial illumination and near coaxial illumination, or may perform each illumination simultaneously.

By transillumination, the opacity of the crystalline lens can be seen clearly. Therefore, it is an essential function during cataract surgery.

Also, oblique illumination refers to an illumination method in which the angle of the optical axis of the illumination light of oblique illumination (oblique illumination light) with respect to the optical axis of the observation light (15RI, 15LI) is larger than that of near-coaxial illumination. When the illumination light is obliquely incident on the object (in this case, the eye to be operated on), the shadow due to the unevenness of the eye is emphasized, so that a stereoscopic effect can be obtained.

Instead of having a different light source (16R to 18L) for each illumination light (optical axis 16RI to 18LI) as in the first embodiment, each illumination is divided by branching the light from the light source. Light may be generated. In this case, the number of light sources may be one, two or three. For example, in order to generate each illumination light, the light from one light source is branched and guided to each optical axis (16RI, 18RI, 16LI, 18LI) by a light guide, so that one light source is converted to each light source (16R). , 18R, 16L, 18L).

As described above, the optical axes 18RI and 18LI of the illumination light of the perfect coaxial illumination are different from the optical axes 15RI and 15LI of the observation light with respect to the optical axes 18RI and 18LI of the illumination light of the perfect coaxial illumination at the position of the object and the observation light. It is located within the range of the first predetermined angle on the plane including the optical axes 15RI and 15LI. The range of the first predetermined angle is, for example, 0 ° or more and 2 ° or less.

The optical axes 16RI and 16LI of the illumination light of the oblique illumination are the optical axes 15RI and 15LI of the observation light and the optical axes 16RI and 16LI of the illumination light of the oblique illumination at the position of the object and the optical axes 15RI and 15LI of the observation light. In the plane including, it is located within the range of the second predetermined angle, and in the plane, the angle with respect to the optical axis (15RI, 15LI) of the observation light is larger than the angles of the optical axes 18RI, 18LI of the illumination light of perfect coaxial illumination. large. The range of the second predetermined angle is, for example, 2 ° or more and 8 ° or less.

The surgical microscope 100A1 includes the objective lens 11 and the right-side observation optical system (eg, right-side variable magnification optical system 13R) in the observation optical path (right-side observation optical path) between the object and the right-side imaging optical device 131415R, and the right side. In the illumination optical path (right illumination optical path) between the illumination light source optical system 1618R and the object, between the right-side perfect coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system 1823R (or the right oblique illumination light source oblique illumination optical system 1621R) and the objective lens 11. The first right-side deflection element 25R provided in the. With such a configuration, the first right-side deflection element 25R reflects the right-side oblique illumination light and the right-side perfect coaxial illumination light that illuminate the eye toward the objective lens 11. The first right-side deflection element 25R takes a right-side image of at least a part (eg, right-side observation light) of the observation light which is generated from the eye (eg, reflected and emitted) and transmitted through the objective lens 11. By deflecting (eg, reflecting) to the optical path of the optical device 131415R, right side observation light (15RI is attached to its optical axis) is formed. That is, the first right deflection element 25R deflects at least a part of the observation light reflected from the eye and transmitted through the objective lens 11 to the right imaging optical device 131415R as the right observation light. For example, the first right-side deflection element 25R deflects the right-side observation light of the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light, which are the observation light, to the right-side imaging optical device 131415R. The right side illumination light path described above is the first right side illumination light path between the right side perfect coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system 1823R and the object and the right side oblique illumination light source oblique illumination optical system 1621R and the object. Of the second right side illumination optical path.
The first right deflection element 25R may transmit the right perfect coaxial illumination light and reflect the right observation light. When the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R moves the first right-side deflection element 25R, the second right-side deflection element moving unit 70R outputs the right-side observation light optical axis 15RI and the right-side perfect coaxial illumination light during the movement. The second right deflection element 26R is moved so that the angle formed by the optical axis 18RI and the eye position is kept constant. As described above, the right observation optical path and the right illumination optical path are the optical paths that pass through the first right deflection element 25R, respectively, and the first right deflection element 25R is arranged in the right observation optical path and the right illumination optical path. For example, the first right-side deflection element 25R is arranged at least in the right-side observation optical path and the first right-side illumination optical path described above.
The optical axis 16RI of the right oblique illumination light and the optical axis 18RI of the right perfect coaxial illumination light are bent at a right angle in the first right deflection element 25R. The optical axis 15RI of the right side observation light is bent at a right angle in the first right side deflection element 25R.

In addition, the surgical microscope 100A1 includes, between the objective lens 11 and the left observation optical system (for example, the left variable magnification optical system 13L) in the observation optical path (the left observation optical path) between the object and the left imaging optical device 131415L, Further, in the illumination optical path (left illumination optical path) between the right illumination light source optical system 1618R and the object, the left complete coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system 1823L (or left oblique illumination light source oblique illumination optical system 1621L) and the objective lens 11. And a first left-side deflection element 25L provided between the two. With such a configuration, the first left-side deflection element 25L reflects the left oblique illumination light that illuminates the eye and the left complete coaxial illumination light toward the objective lens 11. The first left-side deflection element 25L uses at least part of the observation light (eg, left-side observation light) generated from the eye (reflected and emitted) and transmitted through the objective lens 11 as left-side imaging optics. By deflecting (eg, reflecting) to the optical path of the device 131415L, left-side observation light (with 15LI attached to its optical axis) is formed. That is, the first left-side deflection element 25L deflects at least a part of the observation light reflected from the eye and transmitted through the objective lens 11 to the left-side imaging optical device 131415L as the left-side observation light. For example, the first left-side deflection element 25L deflects the left-side observation light out of the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light, which are the observation lights, to the left-side imaging optical device 131415L. The above-mentioned left side illumination light path is the first left side illumination light path between the left side complete coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system 1823L and the object, and between the left side oblique illumination light source oblique illumination optical system 1621L and the object. Of the second left side illumination light path.
As will be described later in detail, the first left-side deflection element 25L may transmit the left-side perfect coaxial illumination light and reflect the left-side observation light (see FIG. 23). When the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L moves the first left-side deflection element 25L, the second left-side deflection element moving unit 70L moves the left-side observation light optical axis 15LI and the left-side perfect coaxial illumination light during the movement. The second left-side deflection element 26L is moved so that the angle formed by the optical axis 18LI and the eye position is kept constant. As described above, the left observation optical path and the left illumination optical path are optical paths that pass through the first left deflection element 25L, respectively, and the first left deflection element 25L is arranged in the left observation optical path and the left illumination optical path. For example, the first left-side deflecting element 25L is arranged at least in the above-mentioned left-side observation optical path and first left-side illumination optical path.
The optical axis 16LI of the left oblique illumination light and the optical axis 18LI of the left perfect coaxial illumination light are bent at a right angle in the first left deflection element 25L. The optical axis 15LI of the left side observation light is bent at a right angle in the first left side deflection element 25L.

The left-side observation light and the right-side observation light included in the observation light obtained by irradiating the object with the above-mentioned illumination light are substantially parallel light when passing through the objective lens 11. However, the objective lens 11 may be designed so that the left-side observation light and the right-side observation light do not become parallel light. Note that, for example, the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light are observation lights generated by irradiating the substantially same position (for example, the same visual field region) of the target object with the above illumination light.

The surgical microscope 100A1 includes a second right-side deflection element 26R that transmits the right-side perfect coaxial illumination light and reflects the right-side observation light toward the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R. The right oblique illumination light reaches the first right deflection element 25R without passing through the second right deflection element 26R because the second right deflection element 26R has a relatively small size. As shown in FIG. 2D, the surgical microscope 100A1 has a size in which the right oblique illumination light passes through the second right deflection element 26R and reaches the first right deflection element 25R through the second right deflection element 26R. You can
The optical axis 15RI of the right side observation light is bent at a right angle in the second right side deflection element 26R. More specifically, the direction of the optical axis 15RI of the right side observation light traveling from the second right side deflection element 26R to the right side imaging optical device 131415R is the Z direction (positive), while the direction from the first right side deflection element 25R to The direction of the optical axis 15RI of the right side observation light toward the 2nd right side deflection element 26R is the X direction (positive).

The respective devices (13R, 14R, 15R) of the right imaging optical device 131415R may be arranged in the Y direction (positive or negative). The second right deflection element 26R may bend the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light in the Y direction (positive or negative) so that the right observation light reaches the right imaging optical device 131415R.

The surgical microscope 100A1 includes a second left-side deflection element 26L that transmits the left-side perfect coaxial illumination light and reflects the left-side observation light toward the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L. The left oblique illumination light reaches the first left deflection element 25L without passing through the second left deflection element 26L because the size of the second left deflection element 26L is relatively small. As shown in FIG. 2D, the surgical microscope 100A1 has such a size that the second left-side deflection element 26L transmits the left oblique illumination light to the first left-side deflection element 25L after passing through the second left-side deflection element 26L. You can
The optical axis 15LI of the left side observation light is bent at a right angle in the second left side deflection element 26L. More specifically, while the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light traveling from the second left-side deflection element 26L to the left-side imaging optical device 131415L is the Z direction (positive), the direction from the first left-side deflection element 25L The direction of the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light toward the left-side deflection element 26L is the X direction (negative).
The second right deflection element 26R is arranged in the right observation optical path including the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light and the right illumination optical path of the right complete coaxial illumination light including the optical axis 18RI of the right complete coaxial illumination light. The second right deflection element 26R is movable on the right observation optical path and the right illumination optical path of the right perfect coaxial illumination light.
The second right deflection element 26R is arranged between the right variable magnification optical system 13R and the right imaging optical system 14R and the first right deflection element 25R, and between the right illumination light source optical system 1618R and the first right deflection element 25R. To be done.
The second right-side deflection element 26R may be arranged between the first right-side deflection element 25R and the objective lens 11 or between the objective lens 11 and the eye.
The second left-side deflection element 26L is arranged in the left-side observation optical path including the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light and the left-side illumination optical path of the left-side complete coaxial illumination light including the optical axis 18LI of the left-side complete coaxial illumination light. The second left-side deflection element 26L is movable on the left-side observation optical path and the left-side illumination optical path of the left-side perfect coaxial illumination light.
The second left-side deflection element 26L is arranged between the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L and the left-side imaging optical system 14L and the first left-side deflection element 25L, and between the left-side illumination light source optical system 1618L and the first left-side deflection element 25L. To be done.
The second left-side deflection element 26L may be arranged between the first left-side deflection element 25L and the objective lens 11 or between the objective lens 11 and the eye.

The respective devices (13L, 14L, 15L) of the left imaging optical device 131415L may be arranged in the Y direction (positive or negative). The second left-side deflection element 26L may bend the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light in the Y direction (positive or negative) so that the left-side observation light reaches the left-side imaging optical device 131415L.

As the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L, a reflection mirror, a half mirror, a prism (for example, a prism mirror) or the like that reflects received light is used. As the second right deflection element 26R, a transmissive reflection element that transmits the right perfect coaxial illumination light and reflects the right observation light is used. As the second left-side deflection element 26L, a transflective element that transmits the left-side perfect coaxial illumination light and reflects the left-side observation light is used. As the transflective element, for example, a half mirror, a beam splitter, a dichroic mirror, or the like is used.
As described above, the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L reflect and deflect the illumination light and the observation light in a predetermined direction (eg, a deflection direction, a reflection direction). An example of the deflection in the first right side deflection element 25R and the first left side deflection element 25L will be described. For example, the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L deflect the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light in different directions from each other or in the right direction when viewed from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. The observation light and the left observation light may be reflected and deflected in directions away from each other and in different directions. Further, for example, the first right-side deflection element 25R reflects and deflects the right-side observation light so that it has a component perpendicular to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11, and the first left-side deflection element 25L includes the objective lens 11. The left observation light is reflected and deflected in a direction different from the deflection direction (eg, the reflection direction) of the right observation light in the first right deflection element 25R so as to have a component perpendicular to the optical axis 110. Good. Furthermore, as an example, the first right-side deflection element 25R reflects and deflects the right-side observation light in a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction, and the first left-side deflection element 25L reflects the left-side observation light in a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction. It may be configured to deflect. Further, for example, the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L include a plane including the direction in which the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light intersect the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (eg, the optical axis 110). May be configured so as to be reflected and deflected in different directions along a plane orthogonal to, a horizontal plane orthogonal to the vertical direction, and a plane including a direction in which the right observation light is deflected.
The first right-side deflection element 25R is an example of the “right-side deflection element” in the technique of the present disclosure. The first left-side deflection element 25L is an example of the “left-side deflection element” in the technique of the present disclosure.
The second right deflection element 26R is an example of the “right transmission / reflection element” in the technique of the present disclosure. The second left-side deflection element 26L is an example of the “left-side transmissive reflection element” in the technology of the present disclosure.

For example, a collimator lens is used as the right oblique illumination optical system 21R, the right perfect coaxial illumination optical system 23R, the left oblique illumination optical system 21L, and the left perfect coaxial illumination optical system 23L. Further, the right oblique illumination optical system 21R and the right perfect coaxial illumination optical system 23R, and the left oblique illumination optical system 21L and the left perfect coaxial illumination optical system 23L may include diaphragms that limit the luminous flux of each illumination light. Good.
The surgical microscope 100A1 may have a configuration in which the right oblique illumination optical system 21R and the right complete coaxial illumination optical system 23R, the left oblique illumination optical system 21L, and the left complete coaxial illumination optical system 23L are omitted.

The first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L are the optical paths of the observation light or the illumination light described above, and are arranged near the objective lens 11. As shown in the drawing and described later, the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L include a first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R and a first left-side deflection element which will be described later in order to change a substantial angle described later. A predetermined direction (moving direction, X direction, Y direction in the drawings described later) corresponding to the parallax direction viewed from the user 150 by the moving unit 68L (see FIG. 5) (eg, direction in which the user wants to make parallax, eye direction) , Or in the Z direction).

Next, the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, the right-side imaging optical system 14R, and the right-side imaging element 15R, the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L, the left-side imaging optical system 14L, and the left-side imaging element 15L will be described. The right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, the right-side imaging optical system 14R, and the right-side imaging element 15R have the same configuration as the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L, the left-side imaging optical system 14L, and the left-side imaging element 15L. Therefore, the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, the right-side imaging optical system 14R, and the right-side imaging element 15R will be described, and the left-side variable-magnification optical system 13L, the left-side imaging optical system 14L, and the left-side imaging element 15L will be omitted.

The optical axis 16RI of the right oblique illumination light and the optical axis 18RI of the right complete coaxial illumination light are parallel to the X direction between the right oblique illumination light source 16R and the right perfect coaxial illumination light source 18R to the first right deflection element 25R. Yes, it may be displaced by a predetermined distance in the Z direction, or may be displaced by a certain distance in the Y direction as shown in FIG. 2B. In this respect, the optical axis 16LI of the left oblique illumination light and the optical axis 18LI of the left complete coaxial illumination light are parallel to the X direction, like the optical axis 16RI of the right oblique illumination and the optical axis 18RI of the right perfect coaxial illumination light. Yes, it may be displaced by a predetermined distance in the Z direction, or may be displaced by a certain distance in the Y direction as shown in FIG. 2B.

As shown in FIG. 2B, the point where the optical axis 18RI of the right perfect coaxial illumination light and the point where the optical axis 16RI of the right oblique illumination light is located on the surface of the first right deflecting element 25R are at the same position in the X direction. However, as shown in FIG. 2C, they may be displaced in the X direction. In this respect, the point where the optical axis 18LI of the left perfect coaxial illumination light is located and the optical axis 16LI of the left oblique illumination light is also the same position in the X direction, as shown in FIG. It may be shifted to.

As shown in FIG. 2C, the optical axes 16LI and 16RI of the left and right oblique illumination are located at the optical axes 15LI and 15RI of the left and right observation light on the surfaces of the first right deflection element 25R and the first left deflection element 25L, respectively. When located on the circumference of the circles CL and CR centering on the center, the optical axes 16LI and 16RI of the oblique illumination from the first left deflection element 25L and the first right deflection element 25R to the eye are the eye positions and the oblique illumination is However, with respect to the optical axes (15LI, 15RI) of the left and right observation lights, the illumination direction changes, but the angle becomes the same. As shown in FIG. 2C, oblique illumination can be performed from any direction at the position of the eye, in which case the optical axis of oblique illumination is applied to the eye at the same angle with respect to the optical axis of the observation light. Become.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the surgical microscope 100A1 of the first embodiment, the objective lens 11, the diaphragm 12R, and the right-side variable magnification optical system are arranged in this order from the eye 10A (more accurately, the object plane 10A) side. The system 13R and the right imaging optical system 14R are arranged. In FIG. 3, the first right deflection element 25R and the second right deflection element 26R are not shown.

The light flux (observation light) generated from each point of the eye 10A is converted into a substantially parallel light flux through the objective lens 11, is magnified through the right magnification optical system 13R, and is transformed through the right imaging optical system 14R. It is condensed and reaches the image plane 10B.

A right imaging element 15R is arranged on the image surface 10B in order to observe the image of the eye 10A formed on the image surface 10B.

The right variable power optical system 13R includes, in order from the eye 10A side, a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power, a second lens group G2 having a negative refractive power, and a third lens having a positive refractive power. It is composed of a group G3 and a fourth lens group G4 having a positive refractive power, and the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 are lens groups for zooming. Therefore, by fixing the first lens group G1 and the fourth lens group G4 and moving the variable power lens groups (G2, G3) along the optical axis direction, the observation magnification of the image of the eye 10A is increased. It can be changed arbitrarily. The observation magnification is determined by the ratio of the focal length of the objective lens 11 and the focal length obtained by combining the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the right-side imaging optical system 14R.

Next, the configuration of the objective lens 11, the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R, and the right-side imaging optical system 14R in the surgical microscope 100A1 of the above-described first embodiment will be described.

The right-side variable power optical system 13R has the four lens groups G1, G2, G3, G4 already described, as shown in FIG. 4 (see also FIG. 3). Further, the first lens group G1 includes a cemented lens of a meniscus lens 31 having a convex surface facing the object (eye) side and a biconvex lens 32, and a meniscus lens 33 having a convex surface facing the object. The second lens group G2 includes a biconcave lens 34, a cemented lens of a biconvex lens 35 and a biconcave lens 36, and a meniscus lens 37 having a concave surface facing the object side. The third lens group G3 includes a biconvex lens 38 and a cemented lens of a biconvex lens 39 and a meniscus lens 40 having a concave surface facing the object side. The fourth lens group G4 includes a cemented lens of a meniscus lens 41 having a concave surface facing the object side and a meniscus lens 42 having a concave surface facing the object side.

In the right-side variable power optical system 13R in FIG. 3, when zooming from the low magnification end to the high magnification end, the first lens group G1 and the fourth lens group G4 are fixed, and the second lens group G2 is moved to the image side. At the same time as the movement, the third lens group G3 is moved in the direction in which the focus movement due to the movement of the second lens group G2 is corrected. Note that it is preferable to increase the aperture diameter of the aperture 12R in conjunction with the magnification change of the right-side variable power optical system 13R from the low magnification end to the high magnification end.

Table 1 exemplifies the specifications of the right-side variable power optical system 13R and diaphragm 12R shown in FIG.

In Table 1, the surface number 1 corresponds to the diaphragm 12R, and the surface numbers 2 to 21 correspond to the lens surface numbers sequentially added from the object side. The distance from the lens surface (2) of the most object-side lens (meniscus lens 31) to the diaphragm 12R is 15 mm. f indicates the focal length of the entire lens system when the distance d0 ′ = ∞ from the object surface to the diaphragm 12R. Fno indicates the F number, and Fai indicates the aperture diameter of the aperture 12R.

The right-side variable power optical system 13R is located outside the right-side variable power optical system 13R, specifically, in the optical path between the right-side variable power optical system 13R and the objective lens 11 (first right range). It is formed so that there is a position where the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15RI of the observation light is minimal. The position where the effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light is minimized is the position of the pupil of the right-side variable power optical system 13R in which the right-side diaphragm 12R described later is arranged.
Here, the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light at the position where the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light is minimized will be described.
The effective area of the light flux of the observation light perpendicular to the optical axis is the cross-sectional area of the light flux that reaches the image sensor (15R, 15L) in the observation light and is imaged by the plane perpendicular to the optical axis. Is.
The effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light in the lens (meniscus lens 31) closest to the objective lens 11 of the right-side variable power optical system 13R is defined as a first effective area, and the surface of the objective lens 11 on the right-side variable power optical system 13R side. The effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light at is the second effective area. The effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light at the position where the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light is a minimum is the third effective area smaller than the first effective area and the second effective area.
More specifically, the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light is, for example, the position on the optical axis moved from the objective lens 11 to the right variable magnification optical system 13R along the optical axis. Then, the second effective area gradually decreases. Then, the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light becomes the third effective area at the position where the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light is minimum in the optical path between the objective lens 11 and the right variable magnification optical system 13R. .. When the position further advances from that position, the effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light gradually increases from the third effective area, and becomes the first effective area in the right-side variable power optical system 13R.
The position on the optical axis where the effective area of the light flux of the observation light is minimum is not limited to one point. For example, when the position on the optical axis moves from the objective lens 11 to the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R along the optical axis, and the effective area of the light flux of the observation light is a constant value with a minimum value, those effective areas ( That is, each of the plurality of third effective areas) is a minimum position.
The minimum value of the effective area of the light flux here may be constant for a while with respect to the change of the position of the optical path.

Similarly, the left-side variable power optical system 13L is not inside the left-side variable power optical system 13L, specifically, the optical path between the left-side variable power optical system 13L and the objective lens 11 (first left range). Then, the effective area of the light flux of the left-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light is formed to be a minimum.

Further, the respective positions where the effective area of the light flux becomes the minimum (the positions of the pupils of the left and right observation optical systems) are located between the right variable magnification optical system 13R and the first right deflection element 25R and the left variable magnification optical system 13L and the first variable magnification optical system 13L. The right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L are formed so as to be located between the first left-side deflection element 25L (second right-side / left-side range).

In the first embodiment, the position where the effective area of the light flux is the minimum (the position of the third effective area, the position of the pupil) is between the first right deflection element 25R and the second right deflection element 26R ( The right variable power optical system 13R and the left variable power optical system 13L are configured so as to be in the third right range) and between the first left deflection element 25L and the second left deflection element 26L (third left range). Has been done.

As described above, in the first embodiment, the position where the effective area of the light flux is minimized (the position of the pupil) is located between the first right deflection element 25R and the second right deflection element 26R and the first left deflection element. It is located between 25L and the second left deflection element 26L. As a result, when the effective area of the light flux is not at the position where the effective area of the light flux is minimum between the first right side deflection element 25R and the second right side deflection element 26R and between the first left side deflection element 25L and the second left side deflection element 26L. In comparison, the light reflection area (effective diameter) of each of the first right deflection element 25R, the second right deflection element 26R, the first left deflection element 25L, and the second left deflection element 26L can be made relatively small. it can. As a result, the size (effective diameter) of each element (eg, the first right-side deflection element 25R, the first left-side deflection element 25L, etc.) can be made smaller, so that the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L are separated from each other. It is possible to make the axial distance shorter. The surgical microscope 100A1 can relatively move the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L to further reduce the stereoscopic effect visually recognized by the user 150. Further, since the size of each of the above-mentioned elements arranged on the upper side in the vertical direction of the objective lens 11 can be reduced, the size (eg, thickness, width) and cost of the surgical microscope 100A1 can be reduced.

The position where the effective area of the luminous flux becomes the minimum (the position of the pupil) is made to coincide with the respective positions of the first right side deflection element 25R and the first left side deflection element 25L, so that the first right side deflection element 25R and the first right side deflection element 25R It is possible to minimize the area (effective diameter) of each of the 1st left-side deflection elements 25L that reflects light.

An optical element such as a filter may be arranged between the right-side variable power optical system 13R and the objective lens 11 and between the left-side variable power optical system 13L and the objective lens 11. The optical elements such as the filters arranged in this way are not included in the right-side variable power optical system 13R and the left-side variable power optical system 13L. Therefore, the optical elements such as the filters arranged in this way are not included in the right side observation optical system and the left side observation optical system.

The surgical microscope 100A1 is arranged between the right variable power optical system 13R and the objective lens (first right range), and limits the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light. The right diaphragm 12R is provided. Further, the surgical microscope 100A1 is arranged between the left-side variable power optical system 13L and the objective lens (first left-side range), and has an effective area of the luminous flux of the left-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light. A left-side diaphragm 12L for limiting is provided.

The positions where the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are arranged are between the right variable magnification optical system 13R and the first right deflection element 25R (second right range) or the left variable magnification optical system 13L and the first left deflection element. It is between 25 L (the second left side range).

More specifically, the positions where the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are arranged in the present embodiment are between the first right deflection element 25R and the second right deflection element 26R (third right range) or the first left deflection. It is between the element 25L and the second left deflection element 26L (third left range).

As an example, in the first embodiment, the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are arranged at the position (pupil position) where the effective area of the light flux is minimized.

FIG. 15 shows that the right diaphragm 12R is arranged at a position where the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light is the minimum (the position of the pupil of the right observation optical system). As shown in FIG. 15, the effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis 15RI of the right-side observation light is minimized between the right-side variable power optical system 13R and the objective lens 11. In this regard, the left diaphragm 12L is also arranged at a position where the effective area of the above-mentioned light flux of the left observation light is minimized (the position of the pupil of the left observation optical system).

The right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are variable diaphragms. As will be described in detail later, the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light and the left side observation light is adjusted by adjusting the right diaphragm 12R or the left diaphragm 12L based on the magnification of the right variable magnification optical system 13R or the left variable magnification optical system 13L. Is adjusted.

Here, the first right deflection element 25R is arranged on the first right deflection element substrate that is movable in the X direction. The first left-side deflection element 25L is arranged on the first left-side deflection element substrate that is movable in the X direction. When the first right-side deflection element substrate on which the first right-side deflection element 25R is arranged (fixed) moves in the X direction, a surface that reflects each illumination light and right-side observation light of the first right-side deflection element 25R, The first right deflection element 25R is moved so that the angle formed by the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 is kept constant. When the first left-side deflection element substrate on which the first left-side deflection element 25L is arranged (fixed) moves in the X direction, a surface that reflects each illumination light and the left-side observation light of the first left-side deflection element 25L, The first left-side deflection element 25L is moved so that the angle formed by the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 is kept constant. The angle formed by each of the above is 45 °.

The right diaphragm 12R is arranged on the right diaphragm substrate that is movable in the X direction. The left diaphragm 12L is arranged on the left diaphragm substrate that is movable in the X direction.

Further, the second right deflection element 26R is arranged on the second right deflection element substrate that is movable in the X direction. The second left-side deflection element 26L is arranged on the second left-side deflection element substrate that is movable in the X direction.

The means for limiting the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light and the left side observation light is not limited to the right side diaphragm (variable diaphragm) 12R and the left side diaphragm (variable diaphragm) 12L. In FIG. 16, the right diaphragm 12R is omitted, and the light reflection area (effective diameter) of each of the first right deflection element 25R and the second right deflection element 26R is adjusted, so that the luminous flux of the right observation light becomes effective. It is shown how to limit the area. As shown in FIG. 16, even if the right diaphragm 12R is not provided, it is possible to adjust the light reflection area (effective diameter) of each of the first right deflection element 25R and the second right deflection element 26R by adjusting the right observation light. The effective area of the light flux can be limited. For example, the size of the entrance surface or exit surface (reflection surface, deflection surface, refraction surface) of the first right-side deflection element 25R defines the effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light.

FIG. 16 shows an example in which the right diaphragm 12R is omitted and the light reflection area (effective diameter) of each of the first right deflection element 25R and the second right deflection element 26R is adjusted. It is the same. That is, the left diaphragm 12L is omitted, and the light reflection area (effective diameter) of each of the first left deflection element 25L and the second left deflection element 26L is adjusted. For example, the size of the entrance surface or exit surface (reflection surface, deflection surface, or refraction surface) of the first left-side deflection element 25L defines the effective area of the light flux of the left-side observation light.

In the example shown in FIG. 16, the area (effective diameter) that reflects light is adjusted by adjusting the size (area) of each of the first right-side deflection element 25R and the second right-side deflection element 26R. The technique of the present disclosure is not limited to this, and may be as follows. A mask (light-shielding mask) that absorbs light and blocks light is provided on the first right-side deflection element 25R so that the effective area of the light flux of the right-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the right-side observation light becomes a predetermined area. Similarly, a mask that absorbs light and blocks light is provided on the first left-side deflection element 25L so that the effective area of the light flux of the left-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the left-side observation light becomes a predetermined area.

The positions of the pupils and the positions of the diaphragms described above and the point of adjusting the effective diameter of the deflecting element instead of the diaphragms can be applied to other embodiments and modifications.

Next, the operation of the surgical microscope 100A1 according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the surgical microscope 100A1. As shown in FIG. 5, the surgical microscope 100A1 includes a computer 50.

The computer 50 includes a CPU 52, a ROM 54, a RAM 56, and an input / output (I / O) port 58. The CPU 52 and the input / output (I / O) port 58 are connected to each other by a bus 60.

The CPU 52 controls the entire surgical microscope 100A1 and is an example of a “control unit”. The ROM 54 is a memory that stores various programs and various parameters in advance. The RAM 56 is a memory used as a work area or the like when executing various programs.

The input / output (I / O) port 58 has an input device 63 such as a keyboard, a secondary storage device 62, a right imaging element 15R, a left imaging element 15L, a display device 100AD, a stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64, and a stereoscopic effect decreasing switch. 66 is connected.
The stereoscopic effect increase switch 64 selectively moves the first right-side deflection element 25R in a direction (X (positive) direction) away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 and stops the movement. The stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 selectively moves the first left-side deflecting element 25L in a direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (X (negative) direction) and stops the movement.
The stereoscopic effect reducing switch 66 moves the first right-side deflection element 25R in a direction (X (negative) direction) approaching the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 and selectively instructs to stop the movement. The stereoscopic effect reducing switch 66 moves the first left-side deflecting element 25L in a direction (X (positive) direction) closer to the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 and selectively instructs to stop the movement.
When movement is instructed by the three-dimensional effect increase switch 64 and the three-dimensional effect decrease switch 66, the CPU 52 moves at least one of the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L to change the three-dimensional effect increase switch 64 and the three-dimensional effect. When the stop switch 66 instructs to stop the movement, the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R and the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R and the first left-side deflection element 25R are moved so as to stop the movement of the moving elements. 1 The left deflection element moving unit 68L is controlled.
A right oblique illumination light source 16R, a left oblique illumination light source 16L, a right complete coaxial illumination light source 18R, and a left complete coaxial illumination light source 18L are connected to the input / output (I / O) port 58.

The input / output (I / O) port 58 has a first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R, a first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L, a right-side aperture moving unit 69R, a left-side aperture moving unit 69L, and a second right-side deflection element moving unit 70R. , And the second left-side deflection element moving unit 70L are connected.
A right side imaging optical device moving unit 72, a left side imaging optical device moving unit 74, a right side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 76, and a left side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 78 are connected to the input / output (I / O) port 58. Has been done.

To the input / output (I / O) port 58, a right-side variable magnification optical system lens driving unit 80 and a left-side variable magnification optical system lens driving unit 82, a right-side aperture diameter changing unit 85 and a left-side aperture diameter changing unit 87 are connected. ing.

Each moving unit (68R to 77R, 68L to 77L), each driving unit (80, 82), and each changing unit (85, 87) are composed of, for example, a motor.

The surgical microscope of the present embodiment may be individually provided with a right-side variable power optical system moving unit, a right-side imaging optical system moving unit, and a right-side image sensor moving unit instead of the right-side imaging optical device moving unit 72. Good. The surgical microscope of the present embodiment may individually include a left-side variable power optical system moving unit, a left-side imaging optical system moving unit, and a left-side image sensor moving unit instead of the left-side imaging optical device moving unit 74. Good.
Further, in the surgical microscope of the present embodiment, instead of the right illumination optical system and the light source moving unit 76, the right oblique illumination light source moving unit, the right oblique illumination optical system moving unit, the right complete coaxial illumination light source moving unit, and A right perfect coaxial illumination optical system moving unit may be provided. In the surgical microscope of this embodiment, instead of the left side illumination optical system and the light source moving unit 78, the left oblique illumination light source moving unit, the left oblique illumination optical system moving unit, the left complete coaxial illumination light source moving unit, and the left complete A coaxial illumination optical system moving unit may be provided.

-The moving parts (68R to 70R, 72, 76) on the right side may be integrally configured. The moving parts (68L to 70L, 74, 78) on the left side may be integrally configured.

The first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R and the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L are examples of the “moving unit” in the technology of the present disclosure.
The right side diaphragm moving unit 69R is an example of the “right side diaphragm moving unit” of the technology of the present disclosure, and the left side diaphragm moving unit 69L is an example of the “left side diaphragm moving unit” of the technology of the present disclosure.
The right side diaphragm diameter changing unit 85 is an example of a “right side diaphragm diameter adjusting unit” in the technology of the present disclosure. The left side diaphragm diameter changing unit 87 is an example of a “left side diaphragm diameter adjusting unit” of the technology of the present disclosure.

The secondary storage device 62 stores a three-dimensional effect increase adjustment program and a three-dimensional effect decrease adjustment program, which will be described later, and an aperture diameter adjustment program.

The CPU 52 turns on the right oblique illumination light source 16R, the left oblique illumination light source 16L, the right complete coaxial illumination light source 18R, and the left complete coaxial illumination light source 18L. As a result, the object (eg, eye, object plane) is illuminated with the right oblique illumination light, the left oblique illumination light, the right complete coaxial illumination light, and the left complete coaxial illumination light.

The right side observation light and the left side observation light from the eyes are focused on the right side image pickup element 15R and the left side image pickup element 15L, and the right side image signal is input from the right side image pickup element 15R and the left side image signal is input to the computer 50 from the left side image pickup element 15L. It

The CPU 52 generates a right eye image and a left eye image based on the right side image signal and the left side image signal. The CPU 52 does not always create the right-eye image based on the right-side image signal, and does not necessarily create the left-eye image based on the left-side image signal. For example, the CPU 52 may create a left-eye image based on the right-side image signal, or may create a right-eye image based on the left-side image signal. The CPU 52 may create both the right-eye image and the left-eye image based on the right-side image signal, or may create both the left-eye image and the right-eye image based on the left-side image signal. The CPU 52 may create each of the right-eye image and the left-eye image based on both the right-side image signal and the left-side image signal.
An image creating apparatus controlled by the CPU 52 may be further provided, and the image creating apparatus may generate an image for the right eye and an image for the left eye based on the right image signal and the left image signal under the control of the CPU 52. Good.

The CPU 52 displays the right-eye image in the right-eye display area on the screen of the display device 100AD. The image for the left eye is displayed in the display area for the left eye on the screen of the display device 100AD. As described above, the right-eye observation light and the left-eye observation light cause the stereoscopic right-eye image and left-eye image having a parallax of the surgery target eye (for example, the right eye) to be displayed on the screen of the display device 100AD. .. The user 150 recognizes the stereoscopic image through the polarized glasses, and synthesizes the right-eye image and the left-eye image in the brain. The display device 100AD displays the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye on a line-by-line basis. Further, the display device 100AD displays the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye on a line-by-line basis, and instead of stereoscopically viewing the image through the polarizing glasses, the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye are displayed. For example, the images may be alternately displayed with a time difference of 1/60 second, and stereoscopic viewing may be performed through shutter-type glasses that open and close the shutters of the right eye and the left eye in synchronization with the image. Further, a binocular viewer may be used instead of the glasses. Specifically, the right-eye image is displayed in the right-eye area on the screen of the display device 100AD. The left-eye image is displayed in the left-eye area on the screen of the display device 100AD. The right-eye image is guided to the right eye of the user 150 by the optical system in the right optical path arranged between the right-eye region of the screen of the display device 100AD and the right eye of the user 150. Similarly, the image for the left eye is guided to the left eye of the user 150 by the optical system in the left optical path arranged between the left eye region of the screen of the display device 100AD and the left eye of the user 150.

The display device 100AD is directly or indirectly arranged on the surgical microscope body 100AH, but the technique of the present disclosure is not limited to this.

As shown in FIG. 13, the display device 100AD displays an image 100AD1 in an area outside the first visual field area for the surgical microscope main body 100AH with the user 150 visually recognizing it from the front side of the surgical microscope. Is displayed. For example, in a state in which the user 150 is viewing from the front side of the surgical microscope, the surgical microscope body 100AH is arranged at a position that does not overlap the first visual field region.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 14, the surgical microscope main body 100AH has a second targeting the image 100AD2 displayed in the space by the display device 100AD when the user 150 is viewing the front side of the surgical microscope. It is arranged in a region outside the visual field region.

The three-dimensional effect increasing switch 64 and the three-dimensional effect decreasing switch 66 are arranged on the floor vertically below the surgical microscope main body 100AH, and the user 150 operates the three-dimensional effect increasing switch 64 and the three-dimensional effect decreasing switch 66 with his / her own feet. (Turn on / off) Each of the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 and the stereoscopic effect decreasing switch 66 is a foot switch.

The first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R moves the first right-side deflection element 25R in the X direction via the first right-side deflection element moving mechanism. At that time, the right diaphragm moving unit 69R moves the right diaphragm 12R in the X direction based on the movement of the first right deflecting element 25R, specifically, in conjunction with the movement of the first right deflecting element 25R. The second right deflection element moving unit 70R moves the second right deflection element 26R in the X direction.
The first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L moves the first left-side deflection element 25L in the X direction via the first left-side deflection element moving mechanism. At that time, the left diaphragm moving unit 69L moves the left diaphragm 12L in the X direction based on the movement of the first left deflection element 25L, specifically, in conjunction with the movement of the first left deflection element 25L. The second left-side deflection element moving unit 70L moves the second left-side deflection element 26L in the X direction.
The first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R and the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L are configured so that the real angle formed by the optical axis 15RI of the right-side observation light and the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light at the eye position is continuously changed. , At least one of the first right side deflection element 25R and the first left side deflection element 25L is moved.
The first right deflection element moving unit 68R moves the first right deflection element 25R in the optical path between the eye and the right variable magnification optical system 13R and the right imaging optical system 14R. The first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L moves the first left-side deflection element 25L in the optical path between the eye and the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L and the left-side imaging optical system 14L.

When the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R moves the first right-side deflection element 25R, the right-side imaging optical device moving unit 72 keeps the right-side imaging light so that the optical path length of the right-side observation light is maintained during the movement. Move device 131415R. When the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L moves the first left-side deflection element 25L, the left-side imaging optical device movement unit 74 maintains the optical path length of the left-side observation light during the movement, so that the left-side imaging optical device movement unit 74 maintains the optical path length. Move device 131415L.
The right imaging optical device moving unit 72 moves the right imaging optical device 131415R in the X direction via the right imaging optical device moving mechanism. The left imaging optical device moving unit 74 moves the left imaging optical device 131415L in the X direction via the left imaging optical device moving mechanism.

When the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R moves the first right-side deflection element 25R, the second right-side deflection element moving unit 70R outputs the right-side observation light optical axis 15RI and the right-side perfect coaxial illumination light during the movement. The second right deflection element 26R is moved so that the angle formed by the optical axis 18RI and the eye position is kept constant.
Note that, when the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R moves the first right-side deflection element 25R, the right-side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 76 and the optical axis 15RI of the right-side observation light and the right-side perfect coaxial during the movement. The right side illumination light source optical system 1618R may be moved so that the angle formed by the optical axis 18RI of the illumination light and the position of the eye is kept constant.
When the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L moves the first left-side deflection element 25L, the second left-side deflection element moving unit 70L moves the left-side observation light optical axis 15LI and the left-side perfect coaxial illumination light during the movement. The second left-side deflection element 26L is moved so that the angle formed by the optical axis 18LI and the eye position is kept constant.
In addition, when the first left-side deflection element 25L is moved by the first left-side deflection element movement section 68L, the left-illumination optical system and light-source movement section 76 is coaxial with the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light and the left-side observation light during the movement. The left side illumination light source optical system 1618L may be moved so that the angle formed by the optical axis 18LI of the illumination light and the position of the eye is kept constant.
The right side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 76 moves the right side illumination light source optical system 1618R in the X direction by the right side illumination light source optical system substrate via the right side illumination light source optical system moving mechanism. The left side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 78 moves the left side illumination light source optical system 1618L in the X direction by the left side illumination light source optical system substrate via the left side illumination light source optical system moving mechanism.

A rack and pinion, for example, can be used as each of the above moving mechanisms.

FIG. 6A shows a flowchart of the stereoscopic effect increasing adjustment process executed by the CPU 52 in accordance with the stereoscopic effect increasing adjusting program. FIG. 6B shows a flowchart of the stereoscopic effect reduction adjusting process executed by the CPU 52 according to the stereoscopic effect reducing adjustment program. FIG. 9 shows a state (cross-sectional view) of the surgical microscope 100A1 when the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L are moved in a direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (step 84 described later). )It is shown.

The stereoscopic effect increasing adjustment process shown in FIG. 6A starts when the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 is turned on, and in step 84, as shown in FIG. 9, the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R is controlled by the control of the CPU 52. , The first right deflection element substrate via the first right deflection element moving mechanism so that the substantial angle formed by the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light at the position of the object is increased. The right deflection element 25R is moved in a direction away from the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (X (positive) direction). At that time, the right diaphragm moving unit 69R, based on the movement of the first right deflecting element 25R, specifically, the right diaphragm 12R so as to keep the distance between the first right deflecting element 25R and the right diaphragm 12R constant. In the X (positive) direction. Under the control of the CPU 52, the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L causes the first left-side deflection element substrate to move the first left-side deflection element 25L through the first left-side deflection element moving mechanism so that the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light is moved. Specifically, the objective lens 11 is moved in a direction away from the optical axis 110 (X (negative) direction) so that the substantial angle formed at the position of the object becomes large. At that time, based on the movement of the left diaphragm moving unit 69L and the first left deflecting element 25L, specifically, the left diaphragm 12L is moved so as to keep the distance between the first left deflecting element 25L and the left diaphragm 12L constant. Move in the X (negative) direction.

Under the control of the CPU 52, the second right-side deflection element moving unit 70R moves the second right-side deflection element in the X (positive) direction, and the second left-side deflection element moving unit 70L moves the second left-side deflection element to X (negative). Move in the direction.

In order to keep the optical path length of the observation light from the object to the image sensor constant, the right imaging optical device moving unit 72 controls the right imaging optical device substrate via the right imaging optical device moving mechanism under the control of the CPU 52. The right imaging optical device 131415R is moved in the X (positive) direction. Similarly, under the control of the CPU 52, the left imaging optical device moving unit 74 moves the left imaging optical device 131415L in the X (negative) direction by the left imaging optical device substrate via the left imaging optical device moving mechanism.
When the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L move, in order to keep the optical path length of the illumination light from the light source to the object constant, the right-side illumination optical system and the light source moving unit 76 includes the right-side illumination light source. The right side illumination light source optical system 1618R is moved in the X (positive) direction by the right side illumination light source optical system substrate via the optical system moving mechanism. The left side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 78 moves the left side illumination light source optical system 1618L in the X (negative) direction.
Although FIG. 9 shows only the movement of the right side configurations (25R, 12R, 26R, 131415R, 1618R), the left side configurations (25L, 12L, 26L, 131415L, 1618L) are also the same. Be moved to.

This makes it possible to increase the substantial angle formed by the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light and the optical axis 15LI of the left observation light at the position of the object. Therefore, it is possible to increase the stereoscopic effect of the user 150 viewing the right-eye image and the left-eye image displayed on the display device 100AD by each of the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light.

At step 86, the CPU 52 determines whether or not the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 is turned off. If it is determined that the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 has not been turned off, the stereoscopic effect increasing adjustment processing returns to step 84. Therefore, the above-mentioned components (25R, 12R, 26R, 131415R, 1618R, 25L, 12L, 26L, 131415L, 1618L) are continuously moved.

When it is determined in step 86 that the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 has been turned off, the CPU 52 stops each of the moving parts (68R to 78) in step 88. As a result, the movement of each of the configurations (25R, 12R, 26R, 131415R, 1618R, 25L, 12L, 26L, 131415L, 1618L) is stopped. When step 88 ends, the stereoscopic effect adjustment process ends.

The stereoscopic effect reducing adjustment process shown in FIG. 6B starts when the stereoscopic effect decreasing switch 66 is turned on, and in step 92, the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R controls the first right-side deflection element for control by the CPU 52. The first right-side deflection element 25R is specifically configured to be an objective lens by the first right-side deflection element substrate via the moving mechanism so that the physical angle formed by the optical axis 15RI of the right-side observation light at the position of the object becomes small. 11 is moved in a direction approaching from the optical axis 110 (X (negative) direction). At that time, the right diaphragm moving unit 69R, based on the movement of the first right deflecting element 25R, specifically, the right diaphragm 12R so as to keep the distance between the first right deflecting element 25R and the right diaphragm 12R constant. In the X (negative) direction. Under the control of the CPU 52, the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L causes the first left-side deflection element substrate to move the first left-side deflection element 25L through the first left-side deflection element moving mechanism so that the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light is moved. Specifically, the objective lens 11 is moved in a direction closer to the optical axis 110 (X (positive) direction) so that the substantial angle formed at the position of the object becomes smaller. At that time, the left diaphragm moving unit 69L, based on the movement of the first left deflecting element 25L, specifically, the left diaphragm 12L so as to keep the distance between the first left deflecting element 25L and the left diaphragm 12L constant. In the X (positive) direction.

This makes it possible to reduce the substantial angle formed by the optical axis 15RI of the right side observation light and the optical axis 15LI of the left side observation light at the position of the object. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the stereoscopic effect of the user 150 viewing the right-eye image and the left-eye image displayed on the display device 100AD by each of the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light.

At step 94, the CPU 52 determines whether or not the stereoscopic effect reduction switch 66 has been turned off. When it is determined that the stereoscopic effect reducing switch 66 has not been turned off, the stereoscopic effect reducing adjustment processing returns to step 92. Therefore, the above-mentioned components (25R, 12R, 26R, 131415R, 1618R, 25L, 12L, 26L, 131415L, 1618L) are continuously moved.

If it is determined in step 94 that the stereoscopic effect reduction switch 66 has been turned off, the CPU 52 stops each of the moving parts (68R to 78) in step 96. As a result, the movement of each of the configurations (25R, 12R, 26R, 131415R, 1618R, 25L, 12L, 26L, 131415L, 1618L) is stopped. When step 96 ends, the stereoscopic effect adjustment process ends.

The movement of each of the components on the right side (25R, 12R, 26R, 131415R, 1618R) and the movement of each of the components on the left side (25L, 12L, 26L, 131415L, 1618L) in step 84 and step 92 are performed by the light of the objective lens 11. The movement is symmetrical with respect to the axis 110. For example, as described above, the right side configurations (25R, 12R, 26R, 1618R) move in the X (positive) direction, and the left side configurations (25L, 12L, 26L, 1618L) move in the X (negative) direction. Move to move in the direction. The right configuration (131415R) and the left configuration (131415L) move in the Z direction (positive).
In steps 84 (FIG. 6A) and step 92 (FIG. 6B), the distances traveled by the respective configurations (25R, 12R, 26R, 131415R, 1618R, 25L, 12L, 26L, 131415L, 1618L) are the same. That is, in step 84 (FIG. 6A) and step 92 (FIG. 6B), the first right deflection element 25R, the right diaphragm 12R, the second right deflection element 26R, the first left deflection element 25L, the left diaphragm 12L, and the 2 As the left-side deflection element 26L is continuously moved, the right-side imaging optical device 131415R, the left-side imaging optical device 131415L, the right-side illumination light source optical system 1618R, and the left-side illumination light source optical system 1618L are continuously moved. This is so that the optical path lengths of the left and right illumination lights and the left and right observation lights do not change as the first right deflection element 25R and the first left deflection element 25L are moved.
For example, the optical path length of the illumination is the optical path length from each light source (16R, 18R, 16L, 18L) to the eye, or the optical path length of a part thereof. The optical path length of the observation light is, for example, the optical path length from the eye to the imaging optical device (131415R, 131415L) or a part of the optical path length.
In this way, since the optical path lengths of the left and right lights do not change, the left and right observation lights are moved to the right while the above-mentioned configurations (25R, 12R, 26R, 131415R, 1618R, 25L, 12L, 26L, 131415L, 1618L) are being moved. When the image is formed on the image pickup device 15R and the left image pickup device 15L, the image formation can be continued without the aberration being deteriorated.

In step 84 and step 92, the first right-side deflection element 25R is moved so that the angle of the first right-side deflection element 25R with respect to the XY plane is kept constant. More specifically, the first right-side deflection element 25R maintains a constant angle between the surface of the first right-side deflection element 25R that reflects the illumination light and the right-side observation light and the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. Moved as you would. As described above, the first right-side deflection element substrate on which the first right-side deflection element 25R is arranged (fixed) is configured to move in the X direction so that the angle formed is kept constant. Because there is. Further, the first right-side deflection element 25R bends the optical axis of each right-side illumination light and the optical axis of right-side observation light at right angles. Therefore, when the first right deflection element 25R is moved, even if the right illumination light source optical system 1618R and the right imaging optical device 131415R are not moved, the optical axis of each right illumination light and the optical axis of the right observation light are respectively changed. The position on the surface of the first right deflection element 25R that intersects with the first right deflection element 25R and the incident angles of those lights are maintained constant.

Similarly, in

steps

84 and 92, the first left-side deflection element 25L is moved so that the angle of the first left-side deflection element 25L with respect to the XY plane is kept constant. More specifically, the first left-side deflection element 25L maintains a constant angle between the surface of the first left-side deflection element 25L that reflects the illumination light and the left-side observation light and the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11. Moved as you would. As described above, the first left-side deflection element substrate on which the first left-side deflection element 25L is arranged (fixed) is configured to move in the X direction so that the angle formed is kept constant. Because there is. Further, the first left-side deflection element 25L bends the optical axis of each left-side illumination light and the optical axis of left-side observation light at right angles. Therefore, when the first left-side deflection element 25L is moved, even if the left-side illumination light source optical system 1618L and the left-side imaging optical device 131415L are not moved, the optical axis of each left-side illumination light and the optical axis of the left-side observation light are respectively changed. The position on the surface of the first left-side deflection element 25L that intersects with the first left-side deflection element 25L and the incident angles of those lights are maintained constant.

The surface of the first right deflection element 25R reflects or transmits the right observation light to form the right observation light, and the surface of the first left deflection element 25L reflects or transmits the left observation light to form the left observation light. To do.

In this way, since the angle formed between each of the surfaces of the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L and the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 is maintained at a right angle, the image of each observation light is The center and the center of the image sensor (15R, 15L) are not displaced, that is, the positions of the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L used on the above-mentioned surfaces do not change, so that the compensation is performed. It is possible to eliminate an unnecessary moving mechanism for this and further reduce the effective diameter (size) of the deflecting elements (25R, 25L).

Further, in

steps

84 and 92, when the first right deflection element 25R and the first left deflection element 25L are moved in the X direction, the right illumination light source optical system 1618R and the left illumination light source optical system 1618L are moved in the X direction. .. The angles formed by the optical axes (15RI, 15LI) of the left and right observation lights and the optical axes of the illumination light (16RI, 16LI, 18RI, 18LI) at the eye positions are kept constant.

Next, the aperture diameter adjusting process for adjusting the aperture diameter according to the magnification change in the first embodiment will be described.
As described above, the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are variable diaphragms. The right-side variable power optical system lens drive section 80 can move at least one of the lens groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 of the right-side variable power optical system 13R in the Z direction to change the magnification. Similarly, the left-side variable power optical system lens driving unit 82 can also perform variable power by moving at least one of the lens groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 of the left-side variable optical system 13L in the Z direction.
Due to the above-mentioned magnification change, the light amounts of the left-side observation light and the right-side observation light that are incident on the left-side image sensor 15L and the right-side image sensor 15R to form an image change. Therefore, the aperture diameter adjusting process adjusts the aperture diameter according to the magnification change so that the left observation light and the right observation light are imaged on the left image sensor 15L and the right image sensor 15R in proper amounts. To do.

FIG. 7 shows a graph showing the maximum diameters of the left and right diaphragms which are predetermined for each zoom magnification. If the aperture diameter is increased to exceed the maximum diameter at each zoom magnification, the left side observation light and the right side observation light, which are not intended in the design of the observation optical system, enter the observation optical system. When the image is formed on the right imaging element 15R, the occurrence of aberration may increase. The secondary storage device 62 stores the relationship between each zoom magnification and the maximum value of the aperture diameter predetermined for each zoom magnification, as shown in FIG. 7. As shown in FIG. 7, in the relationship, the maximum value of the aperture diameter increases as the zoom magnification increases.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a flowchart of the aperture diameter adjustment processing executed by the CPU 52 according to the aperture diameter adjustment program.

ㆍ The aperture diameter adjustment process starts when a magnification is input via the input device 63. When the magnification is input through the input device 63, the CPU 52 moves in the Z direction at least one of the lens groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 of the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L. Then, the right-side variable magnification optical system lens driving unit 80 and the left-side variable magnification optical system lens driving unit 82 are controlled to change the magnification so that the input magnification is obtained.

▽ Along with such variable magnification control, aperture diameter adjustment processing is executed. In step 102, the CPU 52 takes in the maximum value of the aperture diameter corresponding to the input magnification from the above relationship stored in the secondary storage device 62. In step 103, the CPU 52 determines whether the current aperture diameter is larger than the maximum diameter captured in step 102. When changing the respective aperture diameters of the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L, the CPU 52 sets the control amounts (corresponding to the current diaphragm diameter) of the right diaphragm diameter changing unit 85 and the left diaphragm diameter changing unit 87 to the secondary storage device 62. I remember. In step 103, the control amounts (corresponding to the current diaphragm diameter) of the right diaphragm diameter changing section 85 and the left diaphragm diameter changing section 87 are read from the secondary storage device 62, and the read right diaphragm diameter changing section 85 and left diaphragm diameter changing are read. It is determined whether the control amount of the portion 87 (corresponding to the current aperture diameter) is larger than the maximum diameter captured in step 102.

If it is not determined that the current aperture diameter is larger than the maximum diameter, the amount of left-side observation light and right-side observation light is not too large, so the aperture diameter adjustment process ends.

When it is determined that the current aperture diameter is larger than the maximum diameter, in step 104, the CPU 52 determines at least one of the lens groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 of the right-side variable power optical system 13R and the left-side variable power optical system 13L. The right side aperture diameter changing unit 85 and the left side aperture diameter changing unit 87 are controlled so that the aperture diameters of the right side aperture stop 12R and the left side aperture stop 12L are changed in association with the magnification change by the movement in the Z direction. Specifically, the CPU 52 controls the right diaphragm diameter changing unit 85 and the left diaphragm diameter changing unit 87 so that the respective diaphragm diameters increase in association with the magnification changing from the low magnification end to the high magnification end. To do. In this case, the CPU 52 controls the right diaphragm diameter changing unit 85 and the left diaphragm diameter changing unit 87 so that each diaphragm diameter is equal to or smaller than a predetermined maximum diameter.

For example, when the input magnification is Mb, the CPU 52 fetches Ab as the maximum value of the aperture diameter from the above relationship stored in the secondary storage device 62 (step 102). If the current aperture diameter is Aa smaller than Ab, the negative determination is made in step 103, and the aperture diameter adjustment processing ends. When the current aperture diameter is Ab and Ma is input as the magnification, the current aperture diameter Ab is larger than the maximum value Aa for Ma (step 103 is positive). In step 104, the aperture diameters of the right-side aperture 12R and the left-side aperture 12L are controlled to the maximum value Aa.
Therefore, the aperture diameters of the right-side aperture 12R and the left-side aperture 12L can be controlled to the maximum value according to the magnification. Each aperture diameter can be adjusted based on the magnification.
In the above relationship shown in FIG. 7, the maximum value of the aperture diameter increases as the zoom magnification increases. Therefore, it is possible to increase the aperture diameter of each of the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L in association with the zooming from the low magnification end to the high magnification end.

The foot switch may be provided with an up button and a down button for increasing the magnification, and the magnification may be continuously increased / decreased while the up button / down button is continuously pressed. When the maximum diameter is exceeded, the maximum diameter may be set one by one.
It should be noted that the adjustment of the diaphragm diameter may be performed so that the right diaphragm 12R and the left diaphragm 12L are bilaterally symmetrical, without interlocking with the magnification change.

The point of storing the above relationship shown in FIG. 7 and the aperture diameter adjustment processing shown in FIG. 8 are the same in other embodiments and modifications.

In a conventional microscope, if a monitor that displays an image obtained by the microscope is placed in front of the user, the microscope is relatively large, so the microscope obstructs the line of sight of the user, so the monitor is placed in front of the user. I couldn't.
On the other hand, in the microscope of the present embodiment, the microscope is relatively small, and even if the monitor is placed in front of the user, the microscope does not obstruct the line of sight of the user, so that the monitor can be placed in front of the user. .. This is particularly useful when the user often operates in a sitting position, such as during eye surgery. In order to make the microscope relatively small, as described above, in the present embodiment, the light path for transillumination (eg, the first right side illumination light path, the first left side illumination light path) is provided directly above the objective lens (eg, vertically above). ) And the observation optical path (eg, right observation optical path, left observation optical path) are shared by a first right deflection element 25R and a first left deflection element 25L, and the first right deflection element 25R and the first left deflection element 25L are provided in the vicinity thereof. In addition, pupils of the right-side variable power optical system 13R and the left-side variable power optical system 13L are provided. In such a case, the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L are the common first right-side deflection element and the common first left-side deflection element, and are viewed from the direction of the optical axis 110 of the objective lens 11 (example , Z direction), at least a part of which is arranged so as to overlap the objective lens 11.

In the first embodiment, in the surgical microscope 100A1, the optical axis 15RI of the right side observation light and the optical axis 15LI of the left side observation light are moved by the movement of the first right side deflection element 25R and the first left side deflection element 25L. The solid angle formed at the position is continuously increased or decreased by a predetermined angle. For example, the surgical microscope 100A1 has a first body angle, a second body angle, and a second body angle that are different from each other in the body angle during the operation (during operation (in use) of the surgery microscope 100A1). At least one of the first right-side deflecting element 25R and the first left-side deflecting element 25L is connected to the corresponding first right-side deflecting element moving unit 68R and the first left-side deflecting element so as to be continuously changed to the substantial angle of 3. It is continuously moved by at least one of the moving parts 68L. Therefore, it is possible to increase or decrease the stereoscopic effect of the user 150 viewing the right-eye image and the left-eye image displayed on the display device 100AD by each of the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light.

Further, the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R of the present embodiment includes the first right-side deflection element 25R in the optical path between the object and the right-side observation optical system (right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and right-side imaging optical system 14R). Or the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L moves the first left-side deflection element 25L in the optical path between the object and the left-side observation optical system (the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L and the left-side imaging optical system 14L). To move. For example, the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R or the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L includes an optical path between the objective lens 11 and the observation optical system (right-side observation optical system, left-side observation optical system), an object and the objective lens. The first right-side deflection element 25R or the first left-side deflection element 25L is moved in a predetermined direction corresponding to the parallax direction in the optical path between the first and the second optical path 11 or the optical path of the observation light (right-side observation light, left-side observation light).

In the first embodiment, the user 150 can continuously adjust the stereoscopic effect while visually observing an image (eg, parallax image) during surgery. For example, if the left and right images of a stereoscopic microscope for surgery that makes an object to be observed stereoscopically photographed by a camera and displayed on a 3D monitor (viewer), the stereoscopic effect becomes excessive, and conversely There may be a shortage. This is because stereoscopic vision due to convergence is affected not only by the distance between the axes of the left and right observation optical paths of the microscope, image magnification and depth of field, but also by the size of the monitor, the viewing distance of the monitor, individual differences in stereoscopic vision, etc. This is because it will change.
In such a case, in the surgical microscope, the required amount of protrusion of the solid (solid angle) is finely adjusted depending on the size of the 3D monitor, the viewing distance of the monitor, the individual difference in stereoscopic vision, the surgical scene, and the like. Is required.
In the present embodiment, the user 150 selectively operates the three-dimensional effect increasing switch 64 and the three-dimensional effect decreasing switch 66 during surgery to change the above-mentioned body angle continuously (or stepwise). It is possible to optimally adjust the stereoscopic effect of the displayed image. In this way, the user 150 can individually and easily adjust the stereoscopic effect according to the environment, the scene of surgery, and the like. It should be noted that in the present embodiment, the body angle includes a smooth change or a stepwise change due to the first right-side deflection element and the first left-side deflection element, the corresponding moving parts, and the like. It changes continuously.

In the first embodiment, the position of the pupil of each observation optical system is set between the first right deflection element 25R and the second right deflection element 26R and between the first left deflection element 25L and the second left deflection element 26L. Place each in between. In this way, by arranging the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L in the optical path in consideration of the position of the pupil, the respective lights of the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L are The reflective area (effective diameter) can be made relatively small. Therefore, since the sizes of the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L can be made as small as possible, the surgical microscope of the present embodiment has the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first right-side deflection element 25R in order to reduce the stereoscopic effect. It is possible to prevent the first right side deflection element 25R and the first left side deflection element 25L from interfering with each other when the left side deflection element 25L is brought close to each other.
For example, in order to increase or decrease the stereoscopic effect of the image of the displayed object, the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L may be moved so that the stereoscopic angle changes. When reducing the feeling, it is difficult to greatly reduce the stereoscopic effect, considering the influence of interference due to the lens diameters of the variable power optical systems. However, since the surgical microscope in the present embodiment adjusts the stereoscopic effect using the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L, the stereoscopic effect is the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element. It depends on the axial distance from the element 25L. As described above, the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L make the effective diameter for reflecting light smaller than the lens diameter of the observation optical system (for example, the left and right variable magnification

optical systems

13R and 13L). Therefore, by reducing the axial distance between the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L, the real angle can be reduced and the stereoscopic effect can be greatly reduced. The axial distance between the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L is determined by the position where the optical axis 15RI of the right-side observation light is first deflected in the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L. It includes the distance in the parallax direction (eg, the X direction when viewed in the Y direction) from the position where the optical axis 15LI of the left-side observation light is first deflected. The axial distance between the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L is the center of the effective diameter on which the right-side observation light is incident on the first right-side deflection element 25R and the left-side observation on the first left-side deflection element 25L. It includes the distance in the parallax direction (eg, the X direction when viewed in the Y direction) from the center of the effective diameter on which light is incident. In addition, for example, when the observation light that has passed through the objective lens 11 is emitted as substantially parallel light, the above-mentioned inter-axis distance has a deflection surface (eg, a reflection surface) on which the right observation light is deflected by the first right deflection element 25R. ) In the parallax direction (eg, the X direction when viewed in the Y direction) between the optical axis of the right side observation light and the optical axis of the left side observation light on the deflection surface on which the left side observation light is deflected by the first left side deflection element 25L. including.

-Each effect described above is the same in other embodiments.

[Modification of First Embodiment]
Next, a modified example of the first embodiment will be described.
(First Modification of First Embodiment)
A first modified example of the first embodiment will be described. The configuration of the first modified example of the first embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, so only the different portions will be mainly described.
In the first modification of the first embodiment, the second right-side deflection element 26R and the second left-side deflection element 26L are fixed so as not to move. In the first modification of the first embodiment, the second right-side deflection element moving unit 70R and the second left-side deflection element moving unit 70L are omitted. The right imaging optical device moving unit 72 moves the right imaging optical device 131415R in the Z direction. The left imaging optical device moving unit 74 moves the left imaging optical device 131415L in the Z direction.

The operation of the first modification of the first embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, so only the different parts will be mainly described.

In the first embodiment, in step 84, as shown in FIG. 9, the second right-side deflection element 26R and the right-sided imaging optical device 131415R, the second left-sided deflection element 26L, and the left-sided imaging optical device moving unit 74 are respectively arranged. , X (positive) direction and X (negative) direction.
On the other hand, in the first modification, in step 84, as shown in FIG. 10, the second right-side deflection element 26R and the second left-side deflection element 26L are not moved, and the right-side imaging optical device moving unit 72 and the left-side imaging are performed. The optical device moving unit 74 moves the right imaging optical device 131415R and the left imaging optical device 131415L in the Z (positive) direction, respectively. The distance by which the right imaging optical device 131415R is moved in the Z (positive) direction corresponds to the distance by which the first right deflection element 25R and the right diaphragm 12R are moved. This is for maintaining the optical path lengths of the illumination light and the observation light. The same applies to the distance that the left imaging optical device 131415L is moved in the Z (positive) direction.

In the first embodiment, in step 92, the second right-side deflection element 26R and the right-sided imaging optical device 131415R and the second left-sided deflection element 26L and the left-sided imaging optical device moving unit 74 are respectively set in the X (negative) direction. Move in the X (positive) direction.
On the other hand, in the first modified example, in step 92, the second right side deflection element 26R and the second left side deflection element 26L are not moved, and the right side imaging optical device moving unit 72 and the left side imaging optical device moving unit 74 are respectively moved. , The right imaging optical device 131415R and the left imaging optical device 131415L are moved in the Z (negative) direction. The distance for moving the right imaging optical device 131415R in the Z (negative) direction corresponds to the distance for moving the first right deflection element 25R and the right diaphragm 12R. This is for maintaining the optical path lengths of the illumination light and the observation light. The same applies to the distance that the left imaging optical device 131415L is moved in the Z (positive) direction.

(Second Modification of First Embodiment)
A second modification of the first embodiment will be described. The configuration and operation of the second modified example of the first embodiment are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, so only different parts will be described.
In the first embodiment, when the stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 or the stereoscopic effect decreasing switch 66 is turned on, the first right deflecting element 25R and the right diaphragm 12R, the first left deflecting element 25L and the left diaphragm 12L, the right imaging optics. The device 131415R, the left imaging optical device 131415L, the right illumination light source optical system 1618R, and the left illumination light source optical system 1618L are moved. In the second modification, for example, a stereoscopic effect increasing switch 64 and a stereoscopic effect decreasing switch 66 are provided for each of the left and right, and the stereoscopic effect of only the right side or the left side is adjusted according to each switch. Specifically, a right stereoscopic effect increasing switch, a right stereoscopic effect decreasing switch, a left stereoscopic effect increasing switch, and a left stereoscopic effect decreasing switch are provided. For example, when the right stereoscopic effect increasing switch is turned on, only the first right deflection element 25R, the right diaphragm 12R, the right imaging optical device 131415R, and the right illumination light source optical system 1618R are moved so that the substantial angle becomes large. .. Further, for example, when the left stereoscopic effect reduction switch is turned on, only the first left deflection element 25L and the left diaphragm 12L, the left imaging optical device 131415L, and the left illumination light source optical system 1618L are reduced in body angle, Moving.

(Third Modification of First Embodiment)
Next, a third modified example of the first embodiment will be described. The configuration of the third modification of the first embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, so only different parts will be described.
In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, the position where the right diaphragm 12R is arranged is the optical path between the first right deflecting element 25R and the second right deflecting element 26R, and the left diaphragm 12L is The position to be arranged is the optical path between the first left side deflection element 25L and the second left side deflection element 26L.

On the other hand, in the first aspect of the third modification, as shown in FIG. 11, the position where the right diaphragm 12R1 is arranged is between the right variable magnification optical system 13R and the second right deflection element 26R. It is an optical path. The position where the left diaphragm is arranged is also the optical path between the left variable magnification optical system 13L and the second left deflecting element 26L corresponding to the right diaphragm 12R1.
In the second aspect of the third modification, the position where the right diaphragm 12R2 is arranged is the surface of the second right deflecting element 26R facing the first right deflecting element 25R. Specifically, they are an incident surface on which the right side observation light of the second right deflection element 26R is incident, a reflection surface on which the right side observation light is reflected, and an emission surface of the right perfect coaxial illumination light on the second right deflection element 26R. The position where the left diaphragm is arranged is also the surface of the second left deflecting element 26L facing the first left deflecting element 25L, corresponding to the right diaphragm 12R2. Specifically, it is an incident surface on which the left-side observation light of the second left-side deflection element 26L is incident, a reflection surface on which the left-side observation light is reflected, and an exit surface of the left-side perfect coaxial illumination light on the second left-side deflection element 26L.
In this case, each of the left and right diaphragms functions as a mask having an opening and a light shield.

In the third aspect of the third modification, the position where the right diaphragm 12R3 is arranged is the surface of the first right deflecting element 25R on the side facing the second right deflecting element 26R. Specifically, they are the incident surface and the reflecting surface of the first right-side deflecting element 25R on which the right-side observation light enters, and the incident surface and the reflecting surface of the right-side perfect coaxial illumination light on the first right-side deflecting element 25R. The position where the left diaphragm is arranged is also the surface of the first left deflecting element 25L facing the second left deflecting element 26L, corresponding to the right diaphragm 12R3. Specifically, they are the incident surface and the reflection surface of the first left-side deflection element 25L on which the left-side observation light is incident, and the left-side perfect coaxial illumination light incident surface and the reflection surface of the first left-side deflection element 25L. In this case, each of the left and right diaphragms functions as a mask having an opening and a light shield.
In the fourth aspect of the third modified example, the position where the right diaphragm 12R4 is arranged is the optical path between the first right deflection element 25R and the objective lens 11. The position where the left diaphragm is arranged is also the optical path between the first left deflecting element 25L and the objective lens 11, corresponding to the right diaphragm 12R4.
The positions of the right-side diaphragm and the left-side diaphragm are not the respective positions of the first aspect to the fourth aspect, but any of them.
In step 84, as shown in FIG. 12, the right diaphragms (12R, 12R1, 12R4) are moved together with the movement of the first right deflection element 25R and the first left deflection element 25L. The left diaphragm is also moved in the same manner.

(Fourth Modification of First Embodiment)
Next, a fourth modification of the first embodiment will be described. The configuration of the fourth modification of the first embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, so only different parts will be described.
The fourth modification of the first embodiment is an example of switching between perfect coaxial illumination and near coaxial illumination.

In the fourth modification of the first embodiment, the following moving unit is provided instead of the right side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 76 and the left side illumination optical system and light source moving unit 78. Specifically, in the fourth modification of the first embodiment, the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823R is moved to the Z direction by the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system moving unit. Prepare The fourth modification of the first embodiment includes a left perfect coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system moving unit that moves the left perfect coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system 1823L in the Z direction.

Specifically, when a switching instruction signal for switching from full coaxial illumination to near coaxial illumination is input from the input device 63, the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system moving unit causes the right complete coaxial illumination under the control of the CPU 52. By moving the light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system 1823R in the Z (positive or negative) direction by a predetermined distance, the right perfect coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system 1823R is switched from perfect coaxial illumination to near coaxial illumination. Similarly, the left perfect coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system moving unit moves the left perfect coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination optical system 1823L in the Z (positive or negative) direction to complete the left perfect coaxial illumination light source perfect coaxial illumination. The optical system 1823L is switched from full coaxial illumination to near coaxial illumination.

Further, when a switching instruction signal for switching from near-coaxial illumination to full-coaxial illumination is input from the input device 63, the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system moving unit is controlled by the CPU 52 to the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial. By returning the illumination optical system 1823R to the position shown in FIG. 2A, the right-side perfect coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823R is switched from near-coaxial illumination to complete-coaxial illumination. Similarly, the left complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system moving unit returns the left complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823L to the position shown in FIG. Switch the 1823L from near-coaxial illumination to full-coaxial illumination.

Further, while the switching instruction signal for switching from the perfect coaxial illumination to the near coaxial illumination is being input, the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system moving unit moves the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823R in the Z direction ( Even if the left complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system moving unit keeps moving the left complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823L in the Z direction (positive or negative). Good. When a switching instruction signal for switching from near coaxial illumination to full coaxial illumination is input, the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823R and the left complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823L are positioned as shown in FIG. 2A. Returned to.

By the way, in the fourth modified example, the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823R and the left complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823L are moved in the Z direction. Is not limited to this. The moving direction of the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823R and the left complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823L may be the Y direction, or may be the direction having components in both the Z direction and the Y direction. Specifically, it may be a cross-sectional direction perpendicular to the X axis. If the above optical system (1823R and 1823L is moved in the cross-sectional direction perpendicular to the X-axis, what is perfect coaxial = 0 ° is changed to, for example, an angle of 2 ° with respect to the optical axis of the left and right observation light. That is, the angle of the illumination light is changed, that is, for example, when the right side is described, when the illumination optical axis is away from the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light by a radius r when viewed from the X direction, the r is the illumination angle. Therefore, when they match (that is, r = 0), they are completely coaxial, and when they are distant, they are near-coaxial illumination such as 2 ° according to the distance.

In the fourth modification of the first embodiment, it is possible to switch from perfect coaxial illumination to near coaxial illumination, and from near coaxial illumination to perfect coaxial illumination.

Furthermore, you may change from perfect coaxial lighting to near-coaxial lighting to oblique lighting. That is, assuming that the illumination optical axis is away from the optical axis 15RI of the right observation light by the radius r, oblique illumination may be performed at 6 ° or the like according to the distance. In the cross section viewed from the Y axis, the right oblique illumination optical axis 16RI and the right perfect coaxial illumination optical axis 18RI may overlap.

(Fifth Modification of First Embodiment)
Next, a fifth modification of the first embodiment will be described. The configuration of the fifth modification of the first embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, so only different parts will be described.
In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, the right imaging optical device 131415R and the left imaging optical device 131415L are arranged on the Z (positive) direction side of the objective lens 11.
On the other hand, in the fifth modification, the right imaging optical device 131415R and the left imaging optical device 131415L are arranged on the Y (positive or negative) direction side of the objective lens 11. The second right deflection element 26R reflects the right observation light in the Y (positive or negative) direction toward the right variable magnification optical system 13R. The second left-side deflection element 26L reflects the left-side observation light in the Y (positive or negative) direction toward the left-side variable power optical system 13L.

[Second Embodiment]

Next, a second embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described.

The configuration of the surgical microscope 100A2 according to the second embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100A1 according to the first embodiment (FIG. 2), so mainly different portions will be described.

FIG. 17 shows a sectional view of the surgical microscope 100A2 of the second embodiment.

In the surgical microscope 100A1 (FIG. 2A) of the first embodiment, the surface of the eye is illuminated, and the right side observation light (see optical axis 15RI) and the left side observation light (see optical axis 15LI) from the eye surface are respectively obtained. An image is formed on the right imaging element 15R and the left imaging element 15L.

On the other hand, the surgical microscope 100A2 according to the second embodiment includes the front lens 132 that is manually or automatically arranged in the immediate vicinity of the eye. The front lens 132 includes a non-contact type and a contact type that is directly placed on the eye. The front lens 132 may be a convex lens or a concave lens. The convex lens front lens 132 will be described below as an example.
Each illumination light (see optical axes 16RI, 16LI, 18RI, 18LI) exceeds the focal point (object plane), becomes substantially parallel light by the front lens 132, and forms an image on the fundus by the eye 130. The right side observation light and the left side observation light from the fundus of the eye 130 reach the first right side deflection element 25R and the first left side deflection element 25L via the front lens 132.

The second embodiment has the same effect as that of the first embodiment, but further the front lens 132 allows observation of a wide range of the fundus.
As described above, in the microscope of the present embodiment, the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L which are shared by the transillumination optical path and the observation optical path are provided directly above the objective lens, and the first right-side deflection element 25R is provided. The pupils of the right-side variable magnification optical system 13R and the left-side variable magnification optical system 13L are provided in the vicinity of the first left-side deflection element 25L. This allows the microscope to be relatively small and the monitor to be placed in front of the user.

[Third Embodiment]

Next, a third embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described. The configuration of the surgical microscope of the third embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100A2 of the second embodiment, and therefore the different portions will be mainly described.

FIG. 18 shows a sectional view of the surgical microscope 100A3 according to the third embodiment. The surgical microscope 100A3 includes a fiber 140 that illuminates the inside of the eye.

The third embodiment has the same effect as the second embodiment, but further has the effect that the fiber 140 can directly illuminate the inside of the eye in addition to the transillumination and oblique illumination.

[Fourth Embodiment]

Next, a fourth embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described.

The configuration of the surgical microscope according to the fourth embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100A1 according to the first embodiment, and therefore only different portions will be mainly described.

FIG. 19 shows a sectional view of the surgical microscope 100A4 of the fourth embodiment. FIG. 20 shows a state (cross-sectional view) of the surgical microscope 100A4 at the time of adjusting the stereoscopic effect (step 84).

As shown in FIG. 19, the surgical microscope 100A4 includes a first right-side deflection element 25R1 and a right-side oblique illumination light deflection element instead of the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L in the first embodiment. 25R2, a first left-side deflection element 25L1 and a left oblique illumination light deflection element 25L2.

The first right-side deflection element 25R1 is an example of the “right-side deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure, and the first left-side deflection element 25L1 is an example of the “left-side deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure.
The right oblique illumination light deflection element 25R2 is an example of the “right reflection deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure, and the left oblique illumination light deflection element 25L2 is an example of the “left reflection deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure.

The right oblique illumination light deflection element 25R2 reflects the right oblique illumination light (see the optical axis 16RI) toward the objective lens 11. The first right-side deflection element 25R1 also reflects the right-side perfect coaxial illumination light (see optical axis 18RI) that has passed through the second right-side deflection element 26R toward the objective lens 11.
The first right-side deflection element 25R1 transmits at least a part (see optical axis 15RI) of the observation light, which is the reflected light reflected from the eye and transmitted through the objective lens 11, via the second right-side deflection element 26R to the right-side imaging optical device. By deflecting to the optical path of 131415R, right side observation light is formed.

The left oblique illumination light deflection element 25L2 reflects the left oblique illumination light (see optical axis 16LI) toward the objective lens 11. Further, the first left-side deflection element 25L1 reflects the left perfect coaxial illumination light (see optical axis 18LI) that has passed through the second left-side deflection element 26L toward the objective lens 11.
The first left-side deflection element 25L1 transmits at least a part (see optical axis 15LI) of the observation light, which is the reflected light reflected from the eye and transmitted through the objective lens 11, via the second left-side deflection element 26L to the left-side imaging optical device. The left observation light is formed by deflecting it to the optical path of 131415L.

As shown in FIG. 20, in step 84, the second right deflection element 26R is fixed, and the first right deflection element 25R1, the right oblique illumination light deflection element 25R2, and the right diaphragm 12R are moved in the X (positive) direction. It Further, the right side illumination light source optical system 1618R is moved in the X (positive) direction, and the right side imaging optical device 131415R is moved in the Z (positive) direction.
Similarly, in step 84, the second left deflection element 26L is fixed, and the first left deflection element 25L1, the left oblique illumination light deflection element 25L2, and the left diaphragm 12L are moved in the X (negative) direction. Further, the left side illumination light source optical system 1618L is moved in the X (negative) direction, and the left side imaging optical device 131415L is moved in the Z (positive) direction.
Then, in step 92, the first right deflection element 25R1, the right oblique illumination light deflection element 25R2, and the right diaphragm 12R are moved in the X (negative) direction. Further, the right side illumination light source optical system 1618R is moved in the X (negative) direction, and the right side imaging optical device 131415R is moved in the Z (negative) direction.
Similarly, in step 92, the first left-side deflection element 25L1, the left-side oblique illumination light deflection element 25L2, and the left-side diaphragm 12L are moved in the X (positive) direction. Further, the left side illumination light source optical system 1618L is moved in the X (positive) direction, and the left side imaging optical device 131415L is moved in the Z (negative) direction.

Note that, in the fourth embodiment, the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R moves the first right-side deflection element 25R1, and the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L moves the first left-side deflection element 25L1. In the fourth embodiment, the second right-side deflection element moving unit 70R moves the right-side oblique illumination light deflection element 25R2, and the second left-side deflection element moving unit 70L moves the left-side oblique illumination light deflection element 25L2.

Note that, unlike the example shown in FIG. 20, in step 84, the second right deflection element 26R is moved in the X (positive) direction, and the right imaging optical device 131415R is also moved in the X (positive) direction. Good. In step 84, the second left-side deflection element 26L may be moved in the X (negative) direction, and the left-side imaging optical device 131415L may be moved in the X (negative) direction.
In step 92, the second right deflection element 26R may be moved in the X (negative) direction, and the right imaging optical device 131415R may also be moved in the X (negative) direction. In step 92, the second left-side deflection element 26L may be moved in the X (positive) direction, and the left-side imaging optical device 131415L may be moved in the X (positive) direction.

In the fourth embodiment, the first right deflection element 25R1 functions as a common deflection element for the right perfect coaxial illumination light (see optical axis 18RI) and the right observation light (see optical axis 15RI). The first left-side deflection element 25L1 functions as a common deflection element for the left perfect coaxial illumination light (see optical axis 18LI) and the left observation light (see optical axis 15LI).
In the fourth embodiment, the first right-side deflection element 25R1 and the first left-side deflection element 25L1 reflect right-side observation light and left-side observation light by reflecting the reflected light reflected from the eye and transmitted through the objective lens 11. Form. The second right deflection element 26R and the second left deflection element 26L reflect the right observation light and the left observation light toward the right imaging optical device 131415R and the left imaging optical device 131415L. Therefore, the degree of freedom in the optical design of the routes (eg, optical paths) of the right side observation light and the left side observation light is large.

[Modification of Fourth Embodiment]

Next, a modified example of the fourth embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described.

(First modification)
The configuration of the surgical microscope of the first modified example is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100A4 (FIG. 19) of the fourth embodiment, so mainly different parts will be described.

In the surgical microscope 100A4 (FIG. 19) of the fourth embodiment, the surface of the eye is illuminated, and the right side observation light and the left side observation light from the eye surface are imaged on the right side imaging element 15R and the left side imaging element 15L, respectively. To do.

On the other hand, the surgical microscope 100A5 of the first modified example includes the front lens 132 (see FIG. 17).
The form of the first modified example has the same effect as that of the fourth embodiment and the effect that a wide range of the fundus can be observed by the front lens 132.

(Second modified example)

Next, a second modified example of the technique of the present disclosure will be described. The configuration of the surgical microscope of the second modified example is substantially the same as the configuration of the surgical microscope 100A3 of the third embodiment, so mainly different portions will be described.
The second modification includes a fiber 140 (see FIG. 18) that illuminates the inside of the eye.

The second modification has the same effect as that of the fourth embodiment, but further has an effect that the inside of the eye can be directly illuminated by the fiber 140 in addition to the transillumination and oblique illumination.

[Fifth Embodiment]

Next, a fifth embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described.

Since the configuration of the surgical microscope of the fifth embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100A4 of the fourth embodiment, only the different parts will be mainly described.

FIG. 21 shows a sectional view of the surgical microscope 100B according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 22 shows a state (cross-sectional view) of the surgical microscope 100B at the time of adjusting the stereoscopic effect.
As shown in FIG. 21, the surgical microscope 100B includes a first right-side deflection element 125R1 and a right-side oblique illumination light deflection element instead of the first right-side deflection element 25R and the first left-side deflection element 25L in the first embodiment. 125R2, the first left-side deflection element 125L1 and the left oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2.

The first right-side deflection element 125R1 is an example of the “right-side deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure, and the first left-side deflection element 125L1 is an example of the “left-side deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure. The right oblique illumination light deflection element 125R2 is an example of the “right reflection deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure, and the left oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2 is an example of the “left reflection deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure.

The right oblique illumination light deflection element 125R2 reflects the right oblique illumination light toward the objective lens 11. The first right deflection element 125R1 reflects the right perfect coaxial illumination light that has passed through the second right deflection element 26R toward the objective lens 11.
The first right-side deflection element 125R1 deflects at least a part of the observation light, which is the reflected light reflected from the eye and transmitted through the objective lens 11, to the optical path of the right-side imaging optical device 131415R via the second right-side deflection element 26R. As a result, the right observation light is formed.

The left oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2 reflects the left oblique illumination light toward the objective lens 11. The first left-side deflection element 125L1 reflects the left perfect coaxial illumination light that has passed through the second left-side deflection element 26L toward the objective lens 11.
The first left-side deflection element 125L1 deflects at least a part of the observation light, which is reflected light reflected from the eye and transmitted through the objective lens 11, to the optical path of the left-side imaging optical device 131415L via the second left-side deflection element 26L. As a result, left-side observation light is formed.

As shown in FIG. 22, in step 84, the second right deflection element 26R is fixed, and the first right deflection element 125R1, the right oblique illumination light deflection element 125R2, and the right diaphragm 12R are moved in the X (positive) direction. It The right side illumination light source optical system 1618R is moved in the X (positive) direction. The right imaging optical device 131415R is moved in the Z (positive) direction.
In step 84, the second left-side deflection element 26L is fixed, and the first left-side deflection element 125L1, the left-side oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2, and the left-side diaphragm 12L are moved in the X (negative) direction. The left side illumination light source optical system 1618L is moved in the X (negative) direction. The left imaging optical device 131415L is moved in the Z (positive) direction.
In step 92, the first right deflection element 125R1, the right oblique illumination light deflection element 125R2, and the right diaphragm 12R are moved in the X (negative) direction. The right side illumination light source optical system 1618R is moved in the X (negative) direction. The right imaging optical device 131415R is moved in the Z (negative) direction.
In step 92, the first left-side deflection element 125L1, the left oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2, and the left-side diaphragm 12L are moved in the X (positive) direction. The left side illumination light source optical system 1618L is moved in the X (positive) direction. The left imaging optical device 131415L is moved in the Z (negative) direction.

In the fifth embodiment, the first right-side deflection element moving unit 68R moves the first right-side deflection element 125R1 and the first left-side deflection element moving unit 68L moves the first left-side deflection element 125L1. In the fifth embodiment, the second right-side deflection element moving unit 70R moves the right-side oblique illumination light deflection element 125R2, and the second left-side deflection element moving unit 70L moves the left-side oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2. Let

Note that, unlike the example shown in FIG. 22, in step 84, the second right deflection element 26R is moved in the X (positive) direction, and the right imaging optical device 131415R is also moved in the X (positive) direction. Good. Similarly, in step 84, the second left-side deflection element 26L may be moved in the X (negative) direction, and the left-side imaging optical device 131415L may be moved in the X (negative) direction.
Further, in step 92, the second right deflection element 26R may be moved in the X (negative) direction, and the right imaging optical device 131415R may also be moved in the X (negative) direction. In step 92, the second left-side deflection element 26L may be moved in the X (positive) direction, and the left-side imaging optical device 131415L may be moved in the X (positive) direction.

The fifth embodiment has the same effect as the fourth embodiment.

[Modification of Fifth Embodiment]

Next, a modified example of the fifth embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described.

(First modification)
In the first modification, in step 84, the right oblique illumination light deflection element 125R2 and the right oblique illumination light source oblique illumination optical system 1621R are fixed, and the first right deflection element 125R1, the right diaphragm 12R, the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial. The illumination optical system 1823R is moved in the X (positive) direction. The right imaging optical device 131415R is moved in the Z (positive) direction.
In step 84, the left oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2 and the left oblique illumination light source oblique illumination optical system 1621L are fixed, and the first left deflection element 125L1, the left diaphragm 12L, the left complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823L Moved in the (negative) direction. The left imaging optical device 131415L is moved in the Z (positive) direction.
In step 92, the right oblique illumination light deflection element 125R2 and the right oblique illumination light source oblique illumination optical system 1621R are fixed, and the first right deflection element 125R1, the right diaphragm 12R, the right complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823R are set to X. Moved in the (negative) direction. The right imaging optical device 131415R is moved in the Z (negative and positive) direction.
In step 92, the left oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2 and the left oblique illumination light source oblique illumination optical system 1621L are fixed, and the first left deflection element 125L1, the left diaphragm 12L, the left complete coaxial illumination light source complete coaxial illumination optical system 1823L It is moved in the (positive) direction. The left imaging optical device 131415L is moved in the Z (negative) direction.

(Second modified example)
The second modified example includes a front lens 132 (see FIG. 17).

(Third Modification)
The third modified example includes a fiber 140.

[Sixth Embodiment]

Next, a sixth embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described.

The configuration of the surgical microscope according to the sixth embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100A1 according to the first embodiment, so mainly different portions will be described.

FIG. 23 shows a sectional view of the surgical microscope 100C according to the sixth embodiment.

The surgical microscope 100C includes a first right-side deflection element 125R and a first left-side deflection element 125L.
The first right-side deflection element 125R is an example of the “right-side deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure, and the first left-side deflection element 125L is an example of the “left-side deflection element” of the technology of the present disclosure.

The right oblique illumination light source 16R and the right oblique illumination optical system 21R are arranged so that the right oblique illumination light emitted from the right oblique illumination light source 16R is emitted in the Z (negative) direction and directly reaches the objective lens 11. ing.

The right perfect coaxial illumination light source 18R and the right perfect coaxial illumination optical system 23R are arranged so that the right perfect coaxial illumination light emitted by the right perfect coaxial illumination light source 18R passes through the first right deflection element 125R and reaches the objective lens 11. Has been placed.

The left oblique illumination light source 16L and the left oblique illumination optical system 21L are arranged so that the left oblique illumination light emitted from the left oblique illumination light source 16L is emitted in the Z (negative) direction and directly reaches the objective lens 11. ing.

The left perfect coaxial illumination light source 18L and the left perfect coaxial illumination optical system 23L allow the left perfect coaxial illumination light emitted by the left perfect coaxial illumination light source 18L to pass through the first left deflecting element 125L and reach the objective lens 11. Has been placed.

In step 84, the second right deflecting element 26R is fixed, and the first right deflecting element 125R and the right diaphragm 12R are moved in the X (positive) direction. The right side illumination light source optical system 1618R is moved in the X (positive) direction. The right imaging optical device 131415R is moved in the Z (positive) direction.
In step 84, the second left deflection element 26L is fixed, and the first left deflection element 125L and the left diaphragm 12L are moved in the X (negative) direction. The left side illumination light source optical system 1618L is moved in the X (negative) direction. The left imaging optical device 131415L is moved in the Z (positive) direction.
In step 92, the first right-side deflection element 125R and the right-side diaphragm 12R are moved in the X (negative) direction. The right side illumination light source optical system 1618R is moved in the X (negative) direction. The right imaging optical device 131415R is moved in the Z (negative) direction.
In step 92, the first left-side deflection element 125L and the left-side diaphragm 12L are moved in the X (positive) direction. The left side illumination light source optical system 1618L is moved in the X (positive) direction. The left imaging optical device 131415L is moved in the Z (negative) direction.

The sixth embodiment has the same effects as the first embodiment.
The sixth embodiment may include the front lens 132 (see FIG. 17) or the fiber 140 (see FIG. 18).

[Seventh Embodiment]

Next, a seventh embodiment of the technology of the present disclosure will be described.

The configuration of the surgical microscope of the seventh embodiment is substantially the same as that of the surgical microscope 100B of the fifth embodiment, so mainly different parts will be described.

FIG. 24 shows a sectional view of the surgical microscope 100D of the seventh embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 24, the surgical microscope 100D of the seventh embodiment is the same as the first right deflection element 125R1 and the first left deflection element 125L1 of the surgical microscope 100B (see FIG. 21) of the fifth embodiment. Instead of, the right side transmissive reflection element 125R11 and the left side transmissive reflection element 125L11 are provided.

In the surgical microscope 100D, the second right-side deflection element 26R and the second left-side deflection element 26L of the surgical microscope 100B according to the fifth embodiment are omitted.

Right-side perfect coaxial illumination light directly reaches the right-side transflective element 125R11, and the right-side transmissive reflective element 125R11 reflects the right-side perfect coaxial illumination light toward the objective lens 11 and transmits the reflected light from the eye. The right observation light, which is the reflected light from the eye that has passed through the right transmissive reflection element 125R11, enters the right variable magnification optical system 13R. The right diaphragm 12R is arranged between the right transmissive reflection element 125R11 and the right variable magnification optical system 13R.

The left perfect coaxial illumination light directly reaches the left transflective element 125L11, and the left transflective element 125L11 reflects the left perfect coaxial illumination light toward the objective lens 11 and transmits the reflected light from the eye. The left observation light, which is the reflected light from the eye that has passed through the left transmissive reflection element 125L11, enters the left variable power optical system 13L. The left diaphragm 12L is arranged between the left transmissive reflection element 125L11 and the left variable power optical system 13L.
The right oblique illumination light deflection element 125R2 reflects the right oblique illumination light toward the objective lens 11. The left oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2 reflects the left oblique illumination light toward the objective lens 11.
The right side transmissive reflection element 125R11 is an example of the “right side transmissive element” in the technology of the present disclosure.
The left transmissive reflective element 125L11 is an example of a “left transmissive element” in the technology of the present disclosure. The right oblique illumination light deflection element 125R2 is an example of the “right reflection deflection element” in the technique of the present disclosure. The left oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2 is an example of the “left side reflection deflection element” in the technique of the present disclosure.

Each element on the right side is arranged on the same first moving board, and each element on the left side is arranged on the same second moving board.

For the three-dimensional effect adjustment (step 84, step 92), the first moving substrate is moved via the moving mechanism, and the second moving substrate is moved via the moving mechanism.

The seventh embodiment has the same effects as the fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment may include the front lens 132 (see FIG. 17) or the fiber 140 (see FIG. 18).

[Modification]

In the first to seventh embodiments, examples of forms in which control processing is realized by a software configuration using a computer have been shown, but the technology of the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, instead of the software configuration using a computer, the control process may be executed only by a hardware configuration such as FPGA or ASIC. The control processing may be executed by a combination of software configuration and hardware configuration. Further, the surgical microscope according to the present embodiment may be configured to receive fluorescence, phosphorescence, or infrared light generated from an object as observation light depending on the application.

All documents, patent applications and technical standards mentioned in this specification are to the same extent as if each individual document, patent application and technical standard was specifically and individually noted to be incorporated by reference. Incorporated by reference in the book.

Regarding the above embodiment, the following additional notes are disclosed.

(Appendix 1)
An objective lens,
Each illumination light is provided between the objective lens and the variable power optical system and reflects each illumination light toward the object through the objective lens, and is reflected from the object and transmitted through the objective lens. A right-side deflection element that forms right-side observation light and a left-side deflection element that forms left-side observation light by reflecting the respective reflected lights;
Equipped with
When the right deflection element and the left deflection element reflect the reflected light, the reflected light is reflected in a direction different from a direction in which the right observation light and the left observation light approach each other,
microscope.
In the invention of appendix 1, each of the right-side deflection element and the left-side deflection element reflects the illumination light toward the object through the objective lens, and reflects the illumination light from the object and transmitted through the objective lens. By reflecting the light, the illumination light path and the observation light path are shared, and each of the right-side deflection element and the left-side deflection element reflects the reflected light reflected from the object and transmitted through the objective lens. Can contribute.

11 Objective Lens 12R Right Stop 12L Left Stop 13L Left Zoom Optical System 13R Right Zoom Optical System 14L Left Imaging Optical System 14R Right Imaging Optical System 15L Left Image Sensor 15R Right Image Sensor 16L Left Oblique Illumination Light Source 16R Right Oblique Illumination Light source 18L Left perfect coaxial illumination light source 18R Right perfect coaxial illumination light source 21L Left oblique illumination optical system 21R Right oblique illumination optical system 23L Left perfect coaxial illumination optical system 23R Right perfect coaxial illumination optical system 25R First right deflection element 25L First left deflection Element 26R Second right deflecting element 26L Second left deflecting element 64 Stereoscopic effect increasing switch 66 Stereoscopic effect decreasing switch 68R First right deflecting element moving unit 68L First left deflecting element moving unit 69R Right diaphragm moving section 69L Left diaphragm moving section 85 Right side aperture diameter changing unit 87 Left side aperture diameter changing unit 100AD Display device 161 R right side illumination light source optical system 1618L left side illumination light source optical system 25R1 first right side deflection element 25L1 first left side deflection element 25R2 right side oblique illumination light deflection element 25L2 left side oblique illumination light deflection element 125R first right side deflection element 125L first left side deflection element 125R1 1st right side deflection element 125L1 1st left side deflection element 125R2 Right side oblique illumination light deflection element 125L2 Left side oblique illumination light deflection element 125R11 Right side transmission reflection element 125L11 Left side transmission reflection element

Claims

An objective lens,
A right observation optical system that forms an image of the right observation light included in the observation light from the object on the right imaging element,
A left observation optical system that forms a left observation light included in the observation light from the object on a left imaging element,
A right-side deflection provided between the objective lens and the right-side observation optical system to reflect right-side illumination light that illuminates the object and to deflect the right-side observation light generated from the object to the right-side observation optical system. Element,
A left-side deflector, which is provided between the objective lens and the left-side observation optical system, reflects the left-side illumination light that illuminates the object and deflects the left-side observation light generated from the object to the left-side observation optical system. Element,
Equipped with
The right deflection element is arranged so as to deflect the right observation light in a direction intersecting with a direction of an optical axis of the objective lens,
The left side deflection element is arranged to deflect the left side observation light in a direction intersecting the direction of the optical axis of the objective lens.
microscope.
The microscope according to claim 1, wherein the right side deflection element and the left side deflection element deflect the right side observation light and the left side observation light in directions different from each other.
The microscope according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the right-side deflection element and the left-side deflection element reflect the right-side observation light and the left-side observation light in different directions when viewed in a direction of an optical axis of the objective lens.
The right deflection element reflects the right observation light so as to have a component in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective lens,
The left side deflection element reflects the left side observation light in a direction different from a deflection direction of the right side observation light in the right side deflection element,
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
The right deflection element deflects the right observation light in a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction, and the left deflection element deflects the left observation light in a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction. The microscope according to item 1.
The right side deflection element and the left side deflection element reflect the right side observation light and the left side observation light in different directions along a plane including a direction intersecting the optical axis of the objective lens. To the microscope according to claim 5.
A right side illumination optical system for generating the right side illumination light,
A left side illumination optical system for generating the left side illumination light,
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:
The right side illumination light includes at least one of first right side illumination light and second right side illumination light of different types,
The left side illumination light includes at least one of first left side illumination light and second left side illumination light of different types,
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
The angle of the optical axis of the second right side illumination light with respect to the optical axis of the right side observation light is larger than the angle of the optical axis of the first right side illumination light with respect to the optical axis of the right side observation light,
The angle of the optical axis of the second left side illumination light with respect to the optical axis of the left side observation light is larger than the angle of the optical axis of the first left side illumination light with respect to the optical axis of the left side observation light.
The microscope according to claim 8.
A perfect coaxial illumination light whose optical axis coincides with at least one of the optical axis of the right side observation light and the optical axis of the left side observation light,
Near-axis illumination light whose optical axis is offset by a predetermined angle from at least one of the optical axis of the right-side observation light and the optical axis of the left-side observation light,
At least one of
The microscope according to any one of claims 8 and 9.
Each of the right side illumination light and the left side illumination light includes illumination light for transillumination and illumination light for oblique illumination,
The microscope according to any one of claims 8 to 10.
The right side deflection element reflects the first right side illumination light and the second right side illumination light,
The left side deflection element reflects the first left side illumination light and the second left side illumination light,
The microscope according to any one of claims 8 to 11.
The right side deflection element reflects or transmits only one of the first right side illumination light and the second right side illumination light,
The left-side deflection element reflects or transmits only one of the first left-side illumination light and the second left-side illumination light,
The microscope according to any one of claims 8 to 11.
The right side deflection element reflects only one of the first right side illumination light and the second right side illumination light,
The left side deflection element reflects only one of the first left side illumination light and the second left side illumination light,
A right-side reflective deflection element that reflects only the other of the first right-side illumination light and the second right-side illumination light toward the object;
A left-side reflective deflection element that reflects only the other of the first left-side illumination light and the second left-side illumination light toward the object,
Is further provided,
The microscope according to claim 13.
A right transmissive reflection element that is arranged between the right observation optical system and the right deflection element and transmits one of the illumination light to the right deflection element and the right observation light from the right deflection element and reflects the other. When,
A left transmissive reflection element, which is arranged between the left observation optical system and the left deflection element, transmits one of the illumination light to the left deflection element and the left observation light from the left deflection element and reflects the other. When,
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising:
The right side illumination light and the left side illumination light are illumination light for transillumination,
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
A movement for moving at least one of the right deflection element and the left deflection element so that the physical angle formed by the optical axes of the right observation light and the left observation light at the position of the object continuously changes. Further comprises a section,
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 16.
The moving unit moves each of the right-side deflection element and the left-side deflection element symmetrically.
The microscope according to claim 17.
The right side observation optical system is configured such that an effective area of a light flux of the right side observation light perpendicular to an optical axis of the right side observation light is between the right side observation optical system and the objective lens. It is formed so that there is an effective area at a position closest to the lens and a minimum position smaller than the effective area at a position closest to the right side observation optical system of the objective lens,
The left side observation optical system has an effective area of a light flux of the left side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the left side observation light between the left side observation optical system and the objective lens. It is formed so that there is an effective area at a position closest to the lens and a minimum position smaller than the effective area at a position closest to the left side observation optical system of the objective lens,
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 18.
The position where the effective area of the light flux of the right side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the right side observation light is a minimum is the position of the pupil of the right side observation optical system,
The position where the effective area of the luminous flux of the left side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the left side observation light is the minimum is the position of the pupil of the left side observation optical system,
The microscope according to claim 19.
A right diaphragm which is arranged between the right observation optical system and the objective lens, and which limits the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the right observation light;
A left diaphragm disposed between the left observation optical system and the objective lens, which limits an effective area of a light flux of the left observation light perpendicular to an optical axis of the left observation light;
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 20, further comprising:
The right-side observation optical system includes a right-side variable power optical system,
The left-side observation optical system includes a left-side variable power optical system,
Each of the right diaphragm and the left diaphragm is a variable diaphragm,
By adjusting the right diaphragm based on the magnification of the right observation optical system, the effective area in the right observation light is adjusted,
By adjusting the left diaphragm based on the magnification of the left observation optical system, the effective area of the left observation light is adjusted,
The microscope according to claim 21.
In conjunction with the magnification of the right-side observation optical system changing from the low-magnification end to the high-magnification end, so that the diaphragm diameter of the right-side diaphragm increases, a right-side diaphragm diameter adjusting unit that controls the right-side diaphragm,
In conjunction with the magnification of the left observation optical system changing from the low magnification end to the high magnification end, a left diaphragm diameter adjusting unit that controls the left diaphragm so that the diaphragm diameter of the left diaphragm increases.
23. The microscope according to claim 22, further comprising:
The right diaphragm stop adjusts the right diaphragm so that the diaphragm diameter of the right diaphragm is equal to or smaller than a maximum diameter that is predetermined for each zoom magnification,
The left side diaphragm diameter adjusting unit adjusts the left side diaphragm so that the diaphragm diameter of the left side diaphragm is equal to or smaller than a maximum diameter predetermined for each zoom magnification,
The microscope according to claim 23.
A right diaphragm moving section that moves the right diaphragm based on the movement of the right deflecting element; and a left diaphragm moving section that moves the left diaphragm based on the movement of the left deflecting element.
The microscope according to any one of claims 22 to 24.
The right-side deflection element is arranged between the objective lens and the right-side variable magnification optical system,
The microscope according to any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein the left-side deflection element is arranged between the objective lens and the left-side variable magnification optical system.
The size of the right deflection element is determined so that the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the right observation light is a predetermined area,
The size of the left-side deflection element is determined so that the effective area of the light flux of the left-side observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the left-side observation light is a predetermined area.
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 21.
The right deflection element, the effective area of the light flux of the right observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the right observation light is a predetermined area, a mask for shielding light is installed,
The left deflection element is provided with a mask that blocks light so that the effective area of the light flux of the left observation light perpendicular to the optical axis of the left observation light has a predetermined area.
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 21.
Further comprising a display unit for displaying an image obtained by the right side observation light and the left side observation light,
The display unit displays the image in an area deviating from the first visual field area for the main body of the microscope in a state where the user is visually recognizing it from the front side of the microscope,
Or
The main body of the microscope is arranged in a region deviating from a second visual field region in which the user views the image from the front side of the microscope.
The microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 28.
An objective lens,
A right observation optical system for forming an image of the right observation light included in the observation light from the object on the right imaging element,
A left observation optical system that forms a left observation light included in the observation light from the object on a left imaging element,
A right transmission that is provided between the objective lens and the right observation optical system, reflects the right illumination light that illuminates the object, and transmits the right observation light generated from the object to the right observation optical system. Element,
A left transmission that is provided between the objective lens and the left observation optical system, reflects left illumination light that illuminates the object, and transmits the left observation light generated from the object to the left observation optical system. Element,
A microscope.
A right side illumination optical system for generating the right side illumination light,
A left side illumination optical system for generating the left side illumination light,
The microscope according to claim 30, further comprising:
Each of the right side illumination light and the left side illumination light includes at least one of different types of first illumination light and second illumination light,
The microscope according to claim 31.
The right side transmission element reflects only one of the first illumination light and the second illumination light of the right side illumination light,
The left-side transmission element reflects only one of the first illumination light and the second illumination light of the left-side illumination light,
The microscope according to claim 32.
A right side reflection deflection element that reflects only the other of the first illumination light and the second illumination light of the right illumination light toward the object;
A left-side reflection deflection element that reflects only the other of the first illumination light and the second illumination light of the left-side illumination light toward the object,
Is further provided,
The microscope according to claim 33.