WO2020094140A1 - Lightweight material separation device - Google Patents

Lightweight material separation device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020094140A1
WO2020094140A1 PCT/CN2019/116903 CN2019116903W WO2020094140A1 WO 2020094140 A1 WO2020094140 A1 WO 2020094140A1 CN 2019116903 W CN2019116903 W CN 2019116903W WO 2020094140 A1 WO2020094140 A1 WO 2020094140A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conveyor belt
sealing cover
materials
light
ejector rod
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/116903
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
朱兴良
Original Assignee
毛雪梅
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 毛雪梅 filed Critical 毛雪梅
Publication of WO2020094140A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020094140A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/02Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
    • B07B4/025Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall the material being slingered or fled out horizontally before falling, e.g. by dispersing elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/02Arrangement of air or material conditioning accessories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/06Feeding or discharging arrangements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/02Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/01Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using gravity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/58Construction or demolition [C&D] waste

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of construction waste treatment, and particularly relates to a light material separation device.
  • the present invention provides a light-weight material separation device.
  • a wind supply mechanism and a throwing mechanism the materials are subjected to the combined action of throwing and blowing at the same time, thereby improving The separation effect of light materials.
  • a light-weight material separating device characterized in that it includes an air supply mechanism that blows the material and a material throwing mechanism that throws up the material.
  • the air supply mechanism includes a sealing cover buckled above the material throwing mechanism, and is symmetrically arranged In the air inlet pipes on both sides of the sealing cover, the wind power source supplies wind power to the materials through the air inlet pipes.
  • the materials are in a dynamic separation state during the process of throwing and falling, and there is a gap between each other, which is convenient for the material to be subjected to wind, to avoid the material being mixed and squeezed together at rest, unable to be fully subjected to wind, and heavy materials It hinders the movement of light materials by the wind and cannot achieve the separation effect.
  • the heavy materials and light materials mixed together will be separated initially due to the different trajectories of movement.
  • a sealing cover is provided above the conveyor belt, and an air inlet pipe is opened on the sealing cover, and the wind source sends air into the sealing cover through the air inlet pipe and blows the material, making the light Different materials and heavy materials produce different speeds to form different motion trajectories to achieve the separation effect;
  • the setting of the sealing cover forms a sealed air duct above the conveyor belt, which is conducive to the wind and further improves the separation effect, and can restrict the materials to Inside the sealed cover, to avoid the material thrown up and scattered around after the wind, reduce dust pollution and noise pollution.
  • the material ejecting mechanism includes a material carrying component and an ejector rod.
  • the ejector rod is vertically disposed on the material carrying component.
  • the ejector rod can move up and down under the action of the power mechanism and drive the material carrier assembly to move up and down to achieve ejection material.
  • the material loading assembly includes a conveying belt and a frame for conveying materials.
  • Transmission wheels are installed at both ends of the frame, and the conveying belt is tensioned on the two transmission wheels and runs under the drive of the transmission wheels.
  • the material is transported from the feed end to the discharge end, a plurality of idler rollers for supporting the conveyor belt and the material are provided below the conveying surface of the conveyor belt, the idler rollers are arranged perpendicular to the running direction of the conveyor belt,
  • the supporting shafts at both ends of the supporting roller are respectively provided with a jack, the supporting roller is arranged perpendicular to the jack, and can be moved up and down under the driving of the jack, and a hydraulic cylinder which drives the jack to move up and down is installed under the jack.
  • the above settings can throw and blow the materials on the conveyor belt.
  • the top rod moves up and down under the action of the hydraulic cylinder and drives the roller to move up and down.
  • the conveyor belt vibrates under the effect of the roller and throws the materials on the conveyor belt.
  • the up and down movement of the supporting roller is realized through the cooperation of the hydraulic cylinder and the ejector rod, so as to realize the material throwing, and the structure is simple and compact, the operation is reliable, and the maintenance is convenient.
  • the material is thrown and blown, and the material can be separated when it reaches the discharge end, which greatly improves the separation efficiency of the light material, and combines the conveying equipment and the separation equipment reasonably, reducing the Manufacturing and operating costs.
  • mounting brackets are provided on both sides of the conveyor belt, and guide grooves are opened on the mounting brackets, and the ejector rods can be installed in the guide grooves to move up and down.
  • the setting of the guide groove can restrict the movement of the ejector rod to the up and down movement, so that the supporting roller is subjected to upward force to realize the throwing, and the movement of the supporting roller in other directions causes the conveyor belt to shift.
  • the ejector rod includes a mounting section and a driven section.
  • the mounting section and the driven section are two coaxial cylinders arranged coaxially.
  • the guide groove is a cylindrical groove body.
  • the driven section is installed in the guide groove and Move up and down under the constraint of the guide groove, and the lower end protrudes from the guide groove and cooperates with the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the connection between the mounting section and the driven section forms a boss and abuts against the mounting frame.
  • the support shaft of the idler is installed In the installation section.
  • the above setting enables the outer edge of the mounting section of the jack to be supported on the mounting frame to provide sufficient support for the idler, so that the idler has sufficient support to support the conveyor belt and materials, and can also meet the jack and hydraulic cylinder Matching to achieve up and down movement, and the ejector rod and the guide groove are set in a cylindrical shape to reduce friction and improve the fit.
  • the ejector rods are distributed symmetrically on both sides of the conveyor belt, and the upper end surface of the ejector rod is higher than the upper surface of the conveyor belt.
  • the above setting can restrain the conveyor belt between the jacks on both sides, avoid the deviation of the conveyor belt, and make the jack also have the function of correcting the deviation.
  • the setting of multiple sets of air inlet pipes can make the materials continuously receive wind during the transportation process, so that the speed difference formed by the materials of different qualities is greater, so that they have different motion trajectories and the separation is more thorough.
  • the air inlet duct is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sealing cover, and the air inlet duct is inclinedly arranged on the sealing cover.
  • the air inlet pipe is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sealing cover, and the material can be blown from the side at the same time when the conveyor belt is conveying the material, so that the material is more uniformly subjected to wind. It not only receives upward force, but also forward force, which facilitates the sorting and transportation of materials and improves the efficiency of sorting and conveying.
  • the cross-sectional area of the sealing cover gradually increases along the direction of material travel.
  • a sealing cover with a gradually increasing cross-sectional area can be used to ensure that the airflow runs from the feed end to the discharge end, to avoid the reverse operation of the material under the action of the air flow, affecting the transportation and separation efficiency .
  • a plurality of sliders are provided on the bottom ends of the two side surfaces of the sealing cover, a convex edge is provided on the upper end surface of the mounting frame, and a sliding groove matching the slider is provided on the upper surface of the convex edge .
  • the sealing cover is slidably installed on the mounting frame through the cooperation of the slider and the sliding groove, which is convenient for opening the sealing cover to maintain the equipment.
  • the sliding groove is opened on the convex edge of the upper end surface of the mounting frame, without affecting the ejector rod and the bracket In the case of roller movement, this arrangement can increase the tightness of the seal cover.
  • the bottom ends of the two side surfaces of the sealing cover are bent inwards to form a bent portion, the bent portion extends inwardly and bears against the side surface of the mounting frame, and the slider is mounted on the bent portion lower surface.
  • the above settings can further improve the tightness of the sealing cover, and the bending part can be used to receive the material falling from the conveyor belt, to avoid the material directly falling on the slider chute to affect their sliding fit, or falling on other parts and mechanisms Affect the normal operation of the device.
  • the rack is provided with an external fan on the side of the discharge end, and the height of the blower is higher than the height of the collecting device to perform air separation on the material further falling from the discharge end.
  • the material is discharged, it is subjected to wind separation again to improve the separation effect.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the light material separation device disclosed in the present invention solves the technical problem that the light material and the heavy material are mixed and squeezed together and cannot be fully affected by the wind separation effect. Under the joint action of wind blowing, the separation effect of light materials is improved.
  • the light material separation device disclosed by the present invention through the combined action of throwing materials and air supply, the separation effect of light materials is better, which is beneficial to the reuse of construction waste, environmental protection and energy saving.
  • the present invention uses wind force to separate light materials, avoid secondary pollution caused by water separation, and save energy and protect the environment.
  • the throwing mechanism of the present invention effectively combines the throwing function and the conveying function, and can realize the separation of light materials in the process of material conveying, greatly improving the conveying separation efficiency, and simplifying the construction garbage conveying and sorting equipment , Avoiding the need for multiple equipment to cooperate, substantial energy saving and emission reduction, small footprint, and low manufacturing and operating costs.
  • the throwing mechanism of the present invention has a simple and compact structure and reliable operation, and realizes throwing through the cooperation of the loading component, the ejector rod, and the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the air inlet pipeline of the invention is provided with multiple groups, and the materials can be continuously subjected to wind during the transportation, and an external fan is also provided, which can fully wind the materials and improve the separation effect of light materials.
  • the setting of the sealing cover in the present invention forms a sealed air duct above the conveyor belt, which is beneficial to the material being subjected to wind to further improve the sorting effect, and the materials can be restrained in the sealing cover to prevent the material from being thrown up and being winded Scatter and reduce dust pollution and noise pollution.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a throwing mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind supply mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a material ejection mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the supporting roller mounting frame and the cam in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of another state structure of the supporting roller mounting frame and the cam in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 referring to FIGS. 1-4, this embodiment discloses a light-weight material separation device, including an air supply mechanism and a material ejection mechanism, the air supply mechanism includes a sealing cover 2 buckled above the material ejection mechanism, and The air inlet duct 21 provided on the sealing cover 2 is symmetrically welded on both sides of the sealing cover 2 and forms a 45-degree angle with the sealing cover 2.
  • the air inlet duct 21 is provided symmetrically on both sides of the sealing cover 2 When the conveyor belt 7 conveys the materials, the materials are simultaneously blown from the side to make the materials more uniformly subjected to the wind.
  • the air inlet pipe 21 is inclinedly arranged on the sealing cover 2 so that the materials are not only subjected to upward force when the wind is received, but also The force of forward travel is conducive to the sorting and transportation of materials, and improves the efficiency of sorting and conveying; the air inlet ducts 21 are in multiple groups, and are distributed on both sides of the sealing cover 2, in this embodiment, the air inlet ducts 21 are in three groups , The setting of multiple groups of air inlet ducts 21 can make the materials continuously receive wind during the transportation process, so that different qualities of materials have different movement trajectories, and the separation is more thorough; in this embodiment, the wind source is set in the air inlet duct Built-in fan 22 inside 21, directly A fan is installed in the air inlet duct 21, so that the wind can directly enter the seal cover 2 from the air inlet duct 21 to act on the material, shorten the air supply path, and increase the effective force of the wind.
  • wind sources can also be used for air supply Wind, such as an air compressor; the bottom ends of the two side surfaces of the sealing cover 2 are bent inward to form a bent portion 23 that extends inwardly and bears against the side surface of the mounting portion.
  • the lower surface is provided with a slider 24, and the upper end surface of the mounting frame 31 is provided with a convex edge 32.
  • the upper surface of the convex edge 32 is provided with a sliding groove that cooperates with the slider 24. The sliding groove cooperates and can be slidably installed on the mounting frame 31, which is convenient for opening the sealing cover 2 to maintain the equipment.
  • the sliding groove is opened on the convex edge 32 of the upper end surface of the mounting frame 31, without affecting the ejector 41 and the supporting roller 42
  • this setting can increase the tightness of the sealing cover 2
  • the bending portion 23 can be used to receive the material falling from the conveyor belt 7 to prevent the material from directly falling on the slide groove of the slider 24 to affect their sliding fit. Or it falls on other parts and mechanisms to affect the normal operation of the device ;
  • the cross-sectional area of the sealing cover 2 gradually increases in the direction of material travel.
  • the sealing cover 2 When the wind power provided by the wind source is large, the sealing cover 2 with gradually increasing cross-sectional area is used to ensure that the air flow runs from the feed end to the discharge end In order to avoid the reverse operation of the material under the action of the air flow, which affects the efficiency of transportation and separation; the sealing cover 2 is also provided with a feed port and a discharge port, and a feed bin 1 is fixedly installed on the feed port.
  • the ejection mechanism includes a material-carrying component that carries materials and an ejector 41.
  • the ejector 41 is vertically disposed on the material-carrying component.
  • the ejector 41 can move up and down under the action of the power mechanism and drive the material-carrying component to move up and down to realize ejection
  • the material carrying assembly includes a conveyor belt 7 for conveying materials and a frame 3, the conveyor belt 7 is tensioned on two transmission wheels, and the transmission wheels are rotatably installed at both ends of the frame 3, actively
  • the wheel 71 is installed at the discharge end, the passive wheel 72 is installed at the feed end, and the drive wheel 71 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the first motor, and rotates under the drive of the first motor to drive the conveyor belt 7 to move the material from the feed end Conveyed to the discharge end;
  • under the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 7 is provided a plurality of supporting rollers 42 for supporting the conveyor belt 7 and the materials, the supporting rollers 42 are
  • the end face is higher than the upper surface of the conveyor belt 7 to restrain the conveyor belt 7 on the top of both sides
  • a hydraulic cylinder 5 that drives the jack 41 to move up and down
  • the piston rod 51 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 abuts on the jack
  • the lower end surface of 41, the above setting can throw and blow the materials on the conveyor belt 7, the top rod 41 moves up and down under the action of the hydraulic cylinder 5 and drives the roller 42 to move up and down, and the piston rod 51 in the hydraulic cylinder 5 rapidly expands and contracts
  • the conveyor belt 7 vibrates under the action of the support roller 42 and throws up the material on the conveyor belt 7, and the up and down movement of the support roller 42 is realized by the cooperation of the hydraulic cylinder 5 and the ejector 41, so as to realize the throwing.
  • the structure is simple and compact, the operation is reliable, the maintenance is convenient, and the material throwing mechanism uses the conveyor belt 7 into the shape of the load, the material can be thrown and blown during the material conveying process, the material can achieve light weight when it reaches the discharge end
  • the separation of materials greatly improves the separation efficiency of light materials, and combines the conveying equipment and the separating equipment reasonably, reducing the manufacturing and operating costs;
  • the conveyor belt 7 is provided with mounting brackets 31 on both sides of the mounting bracket 31 There is a guide groove, The rod 41 can be moved up and down in the guide groove.
  • the guide groove can restrict the movement of the jack 41 to the up and down movement, so that the supporting roller 42 is subjected to upward force to realize the material throwing, and the supporting roller 42 is prevented from moving in other directions.
  • the conveyor belt 7 is shifted;
  • the jack 41 includes a mounting section 411 and a driven section 412, the mounting section 411 and the driven section 412 are two cylindrical sections arranged coaxially, and the guide groove is a cylindrical groove body,
  • the driven section 412 is installed in the guide groove and moves up and down under the constraint of the guide groove, and the lower end protrudes from the guide groove to cooperate with the hydraulic cylinder 5, and the connecting portion of the mounting section 411 and the driven section 412 forms a boss and abuts
  • the supporting shaft of the supporting roller 42 is mounted on the mounting section 411.
  • the above setting enables the outer edge of the mounting section 411 of the jack 41 to be supported on the mounting frame 31 to provide sufficient supporting force for the supporting roller 42, thereby
  • the supporting roller 42 has sufficient supporting force to support the conveyor belt 7 and the materials, and at the same time, it can satisfy that the jack 41 and the hydraulic cylinder 5 cooperate to achieve upward movement, and the jack 41 and the guide groove are both arranged in a cylindrical shape to reduce friction Improve fit.
  • the working principle of this embodiment is that the material enters into the sealing cover 2 from the feed bin 1, the material in this embodiment is broken construction waste, the construction waste is mixed with light decoration waste, and the material falls on the transportation
  • the conveyor belt 7 drives the animal material to the discharge end under the drive of the transmission wheel; during the transportation of construction waste, the hydraulic cylinder 5 works, and the piston rod 51 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 acts on the ejector rod 41
  • the ejector rods 41 on both sides of the conveyor belt 7 drive the supporting roller 42 to move up and down.
  • the supporting roller 42 moves up and down and acts on the conveyor belt 7 to throw up the material on the conveyor belt 7, the material is light in the process of throwing and falling Unlike the falling speed and movement trajectory of heavy materials, the materials will be initially separated, and the materials will be blown by the built-in fan 22 during the transportation and throwing process.
  • the fans are distributed on both sides of the sealing cover 2 at three intervals. Therefore, the material is continuously exposed to the wind throughout the conveying process, and the material is better affected by the wind during the dynamic process of throwing and falling.
  • the material has a gap between each other during the dynamic state and is loose, which is convenient for the wind and avoids lightweight materials.
  • the materials are mixed and squeezed together in a static state, which affects the light materials to be affected by wind and movement; when the materials are transported to the discharge port, under the combined action of throwing and blowing, different qualities of materials have formed different speeds And the area, so the material will form different movement trajectories when falling from the discharge port, so as to achieve separation, transportation, material throwing and air supply are all carried out in the sealed cover 2, the material is restrained in the sealed cover 2, to avoid the material thrown Scattered around after rising and receiving wind to reduce dust pollution and noise pollution, and the formation of an air duct by the sealing cover 2 can further improve the wind receiving effect.
  • this embodiment discloses a light-weight material separation device, including an air supply mechanism and a throwing mechanism, the air supply mechanism includes a sealing cover 2 buckled above the throwing mechanism, and The inlet duct 21 provided on the sealing cover 2 is symmetrically welded on both sides of the sealing cover 2 and forms a 45-degree angle with the sealing cover 2.
  • the inlet duct 21 is provided symmetrically on both sides of the sealing cover 2.
  • the air inlet pipe 21 is inclinedly arranged on the sealing cover 2 so that the materials are not only subjected to upward force when the wind is received, but also The force of forward travel is conducive to the sorting and transportation of materials, and improves the efficiency of sorting and conveying; in this embodiment, the air inlet pipe 21 is a group and is located near the discharge end of the conveyor belt 7, the air inlet pipe 21 is close to the discharge At the end, the garbage is subjected to wind before discharge, which can maintain the wind condition until discharge, so that there is a speed difference during discharge to form different motion trajectories to achieve separation purposes; the cross section of the air inlet pipe 21 is along the air inlet The direction gradually becomes smaller, this setting can make Force is more concentrated, so that the garbage by wind better and achieve better separation.
  • the wind power source is a built-in fan 22 provided inside the air inlet duct 21, and a fan is directly provided in the air inlet duct 21, so that the wind force can directly enter the airtight cover 2 from the air inlet duct 21 to act on the material and shorten the air supply.
  • the path improves the effective force of the wind, and in actual applications, other wind sources can also be used for air supply, such as air compressors, the upper surface of the rack 3 on both sides of the conveyor belt 7 is provided with a chute, and the lower edge of the sealing cover 2 A slider 24 cooperating with the chute is fixedly installed, and the sealing cover 2 is slidably installed on the frame 3 through the slider 24.
  • the sealing cover 2 adopts this installation method, which is convenient for opening the sealing cover 2 for maintenance of the equipment;
  • a baffle 25 is symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the sealing cover 2, and the baffle 25 is located above the slider 24.
  • the width of the baffle 25 is the same as the installation gap between the sealing cover 2 and the frame 3.
  • the baffle 25 is provided to shield the seal
  • the installation gap between the cover 2 and the frame 3 further improves the tightness of the sealing cover 2, and the baffle 25 is provided above the slider 24 to be able to accept scattered garbage and prevent the garbage from falling on the slide groove and the slider 24 to affect Their cooperation, and scattered Easier to clean up rubbish.
  • the ejection mechanism includes a material-carrying component that carries materials and a ejector 41.
  • the ejector 41 is vertically disposed on the material-carrying component. Under the action of the power mechanism, the ejector 41 can move up and down and drive the material-carrying component to move up and down to realize ejection.
  • the material-carrying component includes a conveyor belt 7 and a frame 3 for conveying materials.
  • the conveyor belt 7 is tensioned on two transmission wheels.
  • the transmission wheels are rotatably installed at both ends of the frame 3, and the driving wheel 71 is installed at the discharge end, and the passive wheel 72 is installed at the feed end.
  • the drive wheel 71 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the first motor, and rotates under the drive of the motor to drive the conveyor belt 7 to transport the material from the feed end to the output Material end; on the frame 3 on both sides of the conveyor belt 7, there are idler mounting racks 6, in this embodiment, there are 7 idler mounting racks, and the distance between the idler mounting racks 6 at the feed end is small to improve the feed
  • the idler mounting frame 6 is equipped with idler rollers 42 which are located below the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 7 and are arranged perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 7, and the idler roller mounting frame 6 is on the belt conveyor
  • Conventional idler mounting bracket 6 used including two longitudinally arranged A mounting beam 61, the mounting beams 61 are located on both sides of the conveyor belt 7, the bottom of the mounting beam 61 is connected by a bottom beam 62, the supporting roller 42 is installed between two mounting beams 61, the bottom beam 62
  • a vertical rod 41 is vertically installed at the bottom, and the upper end
  • the deflection deflection rods 63 are located on both sides of the conveyor belt 7.
  • the upward force of the roller 42 shifts to ensure the normal operation of the conveyor belt 7 and the throwing effect.
  • the deviation correction rod 63 is a cylinder to reduce the wear on the conveyor belt 7.
  • the throwing mechanism makes full use of the inherent components of the conventional conveying mechanism, such as idler 42 and idler mounting frame 6, so that they have the functions of supporting and throwing at the same time, so that the structure of the mechanism is simpler and more compact, and the function It is more practical, practical, and adaptable.
  • each idler mounting frame 6 is limited to one set of limit bases 34.
  • the setting of the limit base 34 is to ensure that the idler mounting frame 6 can only
  • the up and down movement realizes the material throwing, avoids it from moving back and forth or left and right on the frame 3, affects the material throwing and supporting effect, makes full use of the kinetic energy provided by the power mechanism for effective material throwing, and can firmly support the conveyor belt 7 on the bracket Support the garbage on the conveyor belt 7
  • the bottom end surface of the mounting beam 61 is provided with a buffer.
  • a buffer spring 64 is used as a buffer.
  • the setting of the buffer spring 64 can effectively reduce the impact force on the frame 3 when the idler mounting frame 6 falls. Extend the service life of the device and reduce noise; in this embodiment, the power mechanism includes a cam 8 located below the jack 41, the cam 8 is fixed to the power input shaft 86, the end of the power input shaft 86 passes through the transmission device Driven by a motor, the cam 8 rotates under the drive of a power input shaft 86.
  • the cam 8 includes a first arc wall 81 and a second arc wall 82, one of the first arc wall 81 and the second arc wall 82 Is connected by a tangent line, as shown in FIG.
  • the transmission device includes a driving gear 83 fixed on the output shaft of the second motor, a transmission chain 85 meshing with the driving gear 83, and a passive gear 84 fixed on the end of the power input shaft 86.
  • the passive gear 84 there are 7 passive gears 84, which are matched with each cam 8 for each roller mounting frame 6, the passive gear 84 also meshes with the transmission chain 85, through the driving gear 83, the passive gear 84 and the transmission chain
  • the cooperation of 85 can realize that one motor drives all the cams 8 to operate, and can realize the simultaneous and abnormal movements of the idler roller 42 by changing the installation direction of the cams 8, saving energy and convenient operation and maintenance.
  • An external fan 9 is installed on the rack 3 at the discharge end.
  • the external fan 9 can make the garbage receive wind again when it falls from the discharge port to improve the separation effect.
  • the external fan 9 is covered with a wind hood 91.
  • the front end of the hood 91 is integrally formed with a flat-nozzle-shaped air nozzle 92, and the width of the air nozzle 92 is the same as the width of the discharge port.
  • the height of the air nozzle 92 is lower than the discharge port.
  • the materials are evenly exposed to the wind, so that the materials are better affected by the wind and achieve a better separation effect.
  • the working principle of the light-weight material separation device disclosed in this embodiment is that the crushed construction waste enters the sealing cover 2 through the feed hopper, and falls on the feeding end of the conveyor belt 7, which is on the driving wheel 71
  • the transmission of construction waste drives the construction waste to the discharge end; during the transportation of construction waste, the second motor drives the driving gear 83 to run, the driving gear 83 drives the passive gear 84 through the transmission of the transmission chain 85, and the passive gear 84 passes the power
  • the input shaft 86 drives the cam 8 to run.
  • the air inlet duct 21 When the garbage is subjected to wind, not only the upward force but also the forward For the traveling force, the air inlet duct 21 is set close to the discharge end. The wind condition of the garbage continues until the discharge. The garbage is transported by the throwing and wind blowing during the transportation process.
  • the garbage falls from the discharge port, due to the quality of the Different trajectories are formed to achieve separation, transportation, material throwing and air supply are all carried out in the sealed cover 2, the garbage is restrained in the sealed cover 2, to avoid garbage thrown up and scattered around after the wind, reduce dust pollution and noise Pollution and can improve the effect of wind; when the garbage falls from the discharge port, it is blown by the wind of the external fan 9 again, so the separation effect is better.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a lightweight material separation device, comprising an air-feeding mechanism for blowing materials and a material-tossing mechanism for tossing the materials, wherein the air-feeding mechanism comprises a sealing cover (2) arranged above the material-throwing mechanism in a covering manner and air inlet pipes (21) symmetrically arranged on two sides of the sealing cover (2); and a wind source provides wind power for the materials through the air inlet pipes (21). Through the arrangement of the air-feeding mechanism and the material-tossing mechanism, the technical problem of a poor separation effect being caused by lightweight materials and heavy materials being mixed and extruded with each other so that the lightweight materials cannot be fully exposed to the wind is solved, and the separation effect of the lightweight materials is improved under the combined action of material tossing and air blowing.

Description

一种轻质物料分离装置Lightweight material separation device 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于建筑垃圾处理技术领域,特别涉及一种轻质物料分离装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of construction waste treatment, and particularly relates to a light material separation device.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国城镇化速度的加快,城镇改造过程中伴随着大量的建筑物拆迁拆除,从而产生大量的建筑垃圾,若处理不当会造成环境污染和资源浪费,建筑物拆迁拆除后的建筑垃圾经常混合着装潢垃圾,建筑垃圾多为混凝土块、碎石块、砖瓦碎块等重质物料,装潢垃圾多为石膏板、墙纸、塑料、布艺等轻质物料,各种垃圾混合在一起对垃圾处理和再利用带来诸多不便。目前对建筑垃圾的分选方式多采用人工分拣、水选和风选,人工分拣虽然分拣精确,但是耗时耗力,效率极低且人工成本高;水选是根据物料的密度进行分选,借助水的浮力,密度低的浮于水面,密度大的沉入水中的输送带上分离出去从而实现分选,水选虽然分离效果较好,但是会产生大量污水,后续需投入大量资金和精力对污水进行处理,压缩后的泥饼由于添加了药剂无法再进行利用,对环境造成污染并浪费资源,违背环保理念,并且水选过程中,跟水的密度相当的物料会悬浮于水中,无法进行有效的分离,吸水材质的物料也无法准确分离;风选是利用风力对轻质物料和重质物料进行分离,利用轻质物料和重质物料在风力作用下移动速度和运动轨迹不同实现分离,由于建筑垃圾经破碎后,轻质物料和重质物料是夹杂在一起的,并且互相挤压,物料之间的间隙过小,重质物料经常会阻碍轻质物料的受风和移动,所以单独依靠风力进行分选,分选效果并不理想。With the acceleration of urbanization in China, a large amount of building demolition is accompanied by a large number of building demolition in the process of urban transformation. If not handled properly, it will cause environmental pollution and waste of resources. Building demolition after building demolition is often mixed. Most of the construction wastes are heavy materials such as concrete blocks, crushed stone blocks, bricks and tiles, etc. The decoration wastes are mostly light materials such as gypsum board, wallpaper, plastic, and cloth art. And reuse brings many inconveniences. At present, manual sorting, water sorting and air sorting are mostly used for sorting construction waste. Although manual sorting is accurate, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive, with extremely low efficiency and high labor cost; water sorting is based on the density of materials With the help of the buoyancy of water, the low density floats on the surface of the water, and the high-density submerged conveyor belt separates it to achieve separation. Although the separation effect of water separation is good, it will produce a lot of sewage, and a large amount of capital will be required in the future. Treat the sewage with energy and energy. The compressed mud cake cannot be reused due to the addition of chemicals, causing pollution to the environment and wasting resources, which is contrary to the concept of environmental protection. In the water selection process, materials with a density equivalent to water will be suspended in the water , Effective separation is not possible, and materials with water-absorbing materials cannot be accurately separated; air separation is the use of wind to separate light materials and heavy materials, using light materials and heavy materials to move at different speeds and trajectories under the action of wind Separation is achieved, because after the construction waste is broken, light materials and heavy materials are mixed together and squeezed each other. Too small a gap between the heavy materials often obstruct the movement of the wind and the light materials, which depended on the individual wind sorting, sorting the results are unsatisfactory.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明为解决上述建筑垃圾分选过程中存在的技术问题,提供了一种 轻质物料分离装置,通过设置给风机构和抛料机构,使物料同时受到抛起和风吹的共同作用,从而提高轻质物料的分离效果。In order to solve the technical problems existing in the above construction waste sorting process, the present invention provides a light-weight material separation device. By providing a wind supply mechanism and a throwing mechanism, the materials are subjected to the combined action of throwing and blowing at the same time, thereby improving The separation effect of light materials.
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现:The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,包括向物料吹风的给风机构和将物料抛起的抛料机构,所述给风机构包括罩扣在抛料机构上方的密封罩,以及对称设置在密封罩两侧的进风管道,风力源通过进风管道向物料提供风力。A light-weight material separating device, characterized in that it includes an air supply mechanism that blows the material and a material throwing mechanism that throws up the material. The air supply mechanism includes a sealing cover buckled above the material throwing mechanism, and is symmetrically arranged In the air inlet pipes on both sides of the sealing cover, the wind power source supplies wind power to the materials through the air inlet pipes.
通过设置抛料机构,物料在抛起和落下的过程中处于动态分离状态,彼此之间存在间隙,便于物料受风,避免物料静止状态下混合挤压在一起,无法充分受风,重质物料阻碍轻质物料受风移动,达不到分选效果,且物料在抛起和落下的过程中,夹杂在一起的重质物料和轻质物料由于运动轨迹不同会得以初步分离,为物料受风分选进一步提供有利条件,使分选更充分;输送带的上方设置有密封罩,密封罩上开设有进风管道,风力源通过进风管道向密封罩内送风并吹向物料,使得轻质物料和重质物料产生速度差形成不同运动轨迹,达到分离效果;密封罩的设置使输送带的上方形成一个密封风道,利于物料受风进一步提高分选效果,且可将物料均约束在密封罩内,避免物料抛起和受风后四处散落,减少粉尘污染和噪声污染。By setting the material throwing mechanism, the materials are in a dynamic separation state during the process of throwing and falling, and there is a gap between each other, which is convenient for the material to be subjected to wind, to avoid the material being mixed and squeezed together at rest, unable to be fully subjected to wind, and heavy materials It hinders the movement of light materials by the wind and cannot achieve the separation effect. In the process of the materials being thrown and dropped, the heavy materials and light materials mixed together will be separated initially due to the different trajectories of movement. Separation further provides favorable conditions to make separation more adequate; a sealing cover is provided above the conveyor belt, and an air inlet pipe is opened on the sealing cover, and the wind source sends air into the sealing cover through the air inlet pipe and blows the material, making the light Different materials and heavy materials produce different speeds to form different motion trajectories to achieve the separation effect; the setting of the sealing cover forms a sealed air duct above the conveyor belt, which is conducive to the wind and further improves the separation effect, and can restrict the materials to Inside the sealed cover, to avoid the material thrown up and scattered around after the wind, reduce dust pollution and noise pollution.
作为优选,所述抛料机构包括承载物料的载料组件以及顶杆,所述顶杆垂直设置于载料组件,顶杆在动力机构的作用下能够上下运动并带动载料组件上下运动实现抛料。以上设置简单可靠,能够实现抛起物料,以对物料受风提供有利条件。Preferably, the material ejecting mechanism includes a material carrying component and an ejector rod. The ejector rod is vertically disposed on the material carrying component. The ejector rod can move up and down under the action of the power mechanism and drive the material carrier assembly to move up and down to achieve ejection material. The above settings are simple and reliable, which can throw up the materials to provide favorable conditions for the materials to be subjected to the wind.
作为优选,所述载料组件包括用于输送物料的输送带及机架,机架的两端分别安装有传动轮,输送带张紧在两个传动轮上,并在传动轮的带动下运行,将物料从进料端输送至出料端,所述输送带输料面的下方设置有多根用于支撑输送带和物料的托辊,所述托辊垂直于输送带的运行方向设置,托辊两端的支撑轴分别安装有顶杆,托辊垂直于顶杆设置,并能在顶杆的带动下上下运动,顶杆的下方安装有驱动顶杆上下运动的液压缸。以上设置可对输送带上的物料进行抛料和风吹,顶杆在液压缸的作用下上下 运动并带动托辊上下运动,输送带在托辊的作用下产生振动,将输送带上的物料抛起,通过液压缸和顶杆的配合实现托辊的上下运动,从而实现抛料,且结构简单紧凑,运行可靠,维护方便,且抛料机构利用输送带进形载料,可在物料输送的过程中对物料进行抛料和风吹,物料到达出料端时即可实现轻质物料的分离,大幅提高轻质物料的分离效率,并将输送设备和分离设备合理的结合在了一起,降低了制造和运行成本。Preferably, the material loading assembly includes a conveying belt and a frame for conveying materials. Transmission wheels are installed at both ends of the frame, and the conveying belt is tensioned on the two transmission wheels and runs under the drive of the transmission wheels. , The material is transported from the feed end to the discharge end, a plurality of idler rollers for supporting the conveyor belt and the material are provided below the conveying surface of the conveyor belt, the idler rollers are arranged perpendicular to the running direction of the conveyor belt, The supporting shafts at both ends of the supporting roller are respectively provided with a jack, the supporting roller is arranged perpendicular to the jack, and can be moved up and down under the driving of the jack, and a hydraulic cylinder which drives the jack to move up and down is installed under the jack. The above settings can throw and blow the materials on the conveyor belt. The top rod moves up and down under the action of the hydraulic cylinder and drives the roller to move up and down. The conveyor belt vibrates under the effect of the roller and throws the materials on the conveyor belt. From the beginning, the up and down movement of the supporting roller is realized through the cooperation of the hydraulic cylinder and the ejector rod, so as to realize the material throwing, and the structure is simple and compact, the operation is reliable, and the maintenance is convenient. During the process, the material is thrown and blown, and the material can be separated when it reaches the discharge end, which greatly improves the separation efficiency of the light material, and combines the conveying equipment and the separation equipment reasonably, reducing the Manufacturing and operating costs.
作为优选,所述输送带的两侧设置有安装架,安装架上开设有导向槽,顶杆能够上下移动的安装于导向槽中。导向槽的设置可将顶杆的运动约束为上下运动,从而使托辊受到向上的作用力实现抛料,避免托辊向其他方向移动导致输送带偏移。Preferably, mounting brackets are provided on both sides of the conveyor belt, and guide grooves are opened on the mounting brackets, and the ejector rods can be installed in the guide grooves to move up and down. The setting of the guide groove can restrict the movement of the ejector rod to the up and down movement, so that the supporting roller is subjected to upward force to realize the throwing, and the movement of the supporting roller in other directions causes the conveyor belt to shift.
作为优选,所述顶杆包括安装段和从动段,安装段和从动段为同轴设置的两段圆柱体,所述导向槽为圆柱形槽体,从动段安装在导向槽内并在导向槽的约束下上下移动,且下端突出于导向槽设置与液压缸配合,安装段与从动段的连接部形成一凸台并抵靠在安装架上,所述托辊的支撑轴安装于安装段。以上设置使顶杆的安装段的外缘支撑在安装架上为托辊提供足够的支撑力,从而使托辊有足够的支撑力来支撑输送带和物料,同时也可满足顶杆与液压缸相配合实现上下运动,且顶杆和导向槽均设置成圆柱形可减少摩擦力提高配合度。Preferably, the ejector rod includes a mounting section and a driven section. The mounting section and the driven section are two coaxial cylinders arranged coaxially. The guide groove is a cylindrical groove body. The driven section is installed in the guide groove and Move up and down under the constraint of the guide groove, and the lower end protrudes from the guide groove and cooperates with the hydraulic cylinder. The connection between the mounting section and the driven section forms a boss and abuts against the mounting frame. The support shaft of the idler is installed In the installation section. The above setting enables the outer edge of the mounting section of the jack to be supported on the mounting frame to provide sufficient support for the idler, so that the idler has sufficient support to support the conveyor belt and materials, and can also meet the jack and hydraulic cylinder Matching to achieve up and down movement, and the ejector rod and the guide groove are set in a cylindrical shape to reduce friction and improve the fit.
作为优选,所述顶杆两两对称的分布在输送带的两侧,且顶杆的上端面高于输送带的上表面。以上设置可将输送带约束在两侧的顶杆之间,避免输送带跑偏,使顶杆还兼备纠偏的功能。Preferably, the ejector rods are distributed symmetrically on both sides of the conveyor belt, and the upper end surface of the ejector rod is higher than the upper surface of the conveyor belt. The above setting can restrain the conveyor belt between the jacks on both sides, avoid the deviation of the conveyor belt, and make the jack also have the function of correcting the deviation.
作为优选,所述进风管道为多组,间隔分布在密封罩的两侧。多组进风管道的设置可使物料在输送过程持续不断的受风,从而使不同质量的物料形成的速度差更大从而具有不同的运动轨迹,分离更为彻底。Preferably, there are multiple groups of air inlet ducts, which are distributed on both sides of the sealing cover at intervals. The setting of multiple sets of air inlet pipes can make the materials continuously receive wind during the transportation process, so that the speed difference formed by the materials of different qualities is greater, so that they have different motion trajectories and the separation is more thorough.
作为优选,所述进风管道对称设置在密封罩的两侧,且进风管道倾斜设置在密封罩上。进风管道对称设置密封罩两侧,可在输送带对物料进行输送时,从侧面同时对物料进行吹风,使物料受风更均匀,进风管道倾斜设置在密封罩上可使物料在受风时不仅受到向上的力,还受到向前行进的 力,利于物料的分选和运输,提高分选和输送效率。Preferably, the air inlet duct is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sealing cover, and the air inlet duct is inclinedly arranged on the sealing cover. The air inlet pipe is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sealing cover, and the material can be blown from the side at the same time when the conveyor belt is conveying the material, so that the material is more uniformly subjected to wind. It not only receives upward force, but also forward force, which facilitates the sorting and transportation of materials and improves the efficiency of sorting and conveying.
作为优选,所述密封罩的横截面面积沿物料行进方向逐渐变大。当风力源提供的风力较大时,可采用横截面面积逐渐变大的密封罩,以保证气流从进料端向出料端运行,避免物料在气流作用下反向运行,影响输送和分离效率。As a preference, the cross-sectional area of the sealing cover gradually increases along the direction of material travel. When the wind power provided by the wind source is large, a sealing cover with a gradually increasing cross-sectional area can be used to ensure that the airflow runs from the feed end to the discharge end, to avoid the reverse operation of the material under the action of the air flow, affecting the transportation and separation efficiency .
作为优选,所述密封罩的两个侧面的底端设置有多块滑块,所述安装架的上端面设置有凸沿,凸沿的上表面开设有与所述滑块相配合的滑槽。密封罩通过滑块与滑槽的配合,可滑动的安装在安装架上,便于打开密封罩对设备进行维修保养,滑槽开设在安装架上端面的凸沿上,在不影响顶杆和托辊运动的情况下,这一设置可增加密封罩的密封性。Preferably, a plurality of sliders are provided on the bottom ends of the two side surfaces of the sealing cover, a convex edge is provided on the upper end surface of the mounting frame, and a sliding groove matching the slider is provided on the upper surface of the convex edge . The sealing cover is slidably installed on the mounting frame through the cooperation of the slider and the sliding groove, which is convenient for opening the sealing cover to maintain the equipment. The sliding groove is opened on the convex edge of the upper end surface of the mounting frame, without affecting the ejector rod and the bracket In the case of roller movement, this arrangement can increase the tightness of the seal cover.
作为优选,所述密封罩的两个侧面的底端向内弯折形成弯折部,所述弯折部向内延伸并抵持在安装架的侧面,所述滑块安装在弯折部的下表面。以上设置可进一步提高密封罩的密封性,且弯折部可用于承接从输送带上落下的物料,避免物料直接落在滑块滑槽上影响它们的滑动配合,或是落在其他零件机构上影响装置的正常运行。Preferably, the bottom ends of the two side surfaces of the sealing cover are bent inwards to form a bent portion, the bent portion extends inwardly and bears against the side surface of the mounting frame, and the slider is mounted on the bent portion lower surface. The above settings can further improve the tightness of the sealing cover, and the bending part can be used to receive the material falling from the conveyor belt, to avoid the material directly falling on the slider chute to affect their sliding fit, or falling on other parts and mechanisms Affect the normal operation of the device.
作为优选,所述机架位于出料端的一侧设置有外置风机,所述风机的设置高度高于集料装置的高度以对从出料端落下的物料进一步送风进行风选。物料在出料时再次受风进行风选从而提高分效果。Preferably, the rack is provided with an external fan on the side of the discharge end, and the height of the blower is higher than the height of the collecting device to perform air separation on the material further falling from the discharge end. When the material is discharged, it is subjected to wind separation again to improve the separation effect.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.本发明公开的轻质物料分离装置,通过设置给风机构和抛料机构,解决了轻质物料和重质物料夹杂挤压在一起无法充分受风分离效果差的技术问题,在抛料和风吹的共同作用下,提高轻质物料的分离效果。1. The light material separation device disclosed in the present invention solves the technical problem that the light material and the heavy material are mixed and squeezed together and cannot be fully affected by the wind separation effect. Under the joint action of wind blowing, the separation effect of light materials is improved.
2.本发明公开的轻质物料分离装置,通过抛料和给风的共同作用,轻质物料的分离效果更好,利于建筑垃圾再利用,环保节能。2. The light material separation device disclosed by the present invention, through the combined action of throwing materials and air supply, the separation effect of light materials is better, which is beneficial to the reuse of construction waste, environmental protection and energy saving.
3.本发明采用风力对轻质物料进行分离,避免采用水选产生污水造成二次污染,节能环保。3. The present invention uses wind force to separate light materials, avoid secondary pollution caused by water separation, and save energy and protect the environment.
4.本发明的抛料机构将抛料功能和输送功能有效的结合起来,在物料输送的过程中即可实现轻质物料的分离,大幅提高输送分离效率,精简的 建筑垃圾输送和分选设备,避免了需多台设备共同配合,大幅节能减排且占地面积小,制造运行成本低。4. The throwing mechanism of the present invention effectively combines the throwing function and the conveying function, and can realize the separation of light materials in the process of material conveying, greatly improving the conveying separation efficiency, and simplifying the construction garbage conveying and sorting equipment , Avoiding the need for multiple equipment to cooperate, substantial energy saving and emission reduction, small footprint, and low manufacturing and operating costs.
5.本发明的抛料机构结构简单紧凑且运行可靠,通过载料组件、顶杆、液压缸的共同配合实现抛料。5. The throwing mechanism of the present invention has a simple and compact structure and reliable operation, and realizes throwing through the cooperation of the loading component, the ejector rod, and the hydraulic cylinder.
6.本发明的进风管道设置有多组,物料在输送的过程中可持续受风,且还设置有一外置风机,可使物料充分受风,提高轻质物料的分离效果。6. The air inlet pipeline of the invention is provided with multiple groups, and the materials can be continuously subjected to wind during the transportation, and an external fan is also provided, which can fully wind the materials and improve the separation effect of light materials.
7.本发明中密封罩的设置使输送带的上方形成一个密封风道,利于物料受风进一步提高分选效果,且可将物料均约束在密封罩内,避免物料抛起和受风后四处散落,且减少粉尘污染和噪声污染。7. The setting of the sealing cover in the present invention forms a sealed air duct above the conveyor belt, which is beneficial to the material being subjected to wind to further improve the sorting effect, and the materials can be restrained in the sealing cover to prevent the material from being thrown up and being winded Scatter and reduce dust pollution and noise pollution.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION
图1为本发明实施例一结构示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例一内部结构示意图;2 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例一中抛料机构结构示意图;FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a throwing mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例一中给风机构结构示意图;4 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind supply mechanism in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例二结构示意图;5 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例二内部结构示意图;6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例二中抛料机构结构示意图;7 is a schematic structural diagram of a material ejection mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例二中托辊安装架与凸轮结构示意图;8 is a schematic view of the structure of the supporting roller mounting frame and the cam in the second embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明实施例二中托辊安装架与凸轮另一状态结构示意图;9 is a schematic view of another state structure of the supporting roller mounting frame and the cam in the second embodiment of the present invention;
图10为本发明实施例二中密封罩右视图;10 is a right side view of the sealing cover in the second embodiment of the present invention;
图中,1.进料仓;2.密封罩;21.进风管道;22.内置风机;23.弯折部;24.滑块;25.挡板;3.机架;31.安装架;32.凸沿;34.限位基座;41.顶杆;411.安装段;42.托辊;412.从动段;42.托辊;5.液压缸;51.活塞杆;6.托辊安装架;61.安装梁;62.底梁;63.纠偏杆;64.缓冲弹簧;7.输送带;71.主动轮;72.被动轮;8.凸轮;81.第一圆弧壁;82.第二圆弧壁;83.主动齿轮;84.被动齿轮;85.传动链条;86.动力输入轴;9.外置风机;91.风罩;92.风嘴。In the picture, 1. feed bin; 2. sealing cover; 21. air inlet duct; 22. built-in fan; 23. bending part; 24. slider; 25. baffle; 3. frame; 31. mounting frame ; 32. convex edge; 34. limit base; 41. jack; 411. installation section; 42. idler; 412. driven section; 42. idler; 5. hydraulic cylinder; 51. piston rod; 6 Roller mounting frame; 61. Mounting beam; 62. Bottom beam; 63. Correction rod; 64. Buffer spring; 7. Conveyor belt; 71. Driving wheel; 72. Passive wheel; 8. Cam; 81. First circle Arc wall; 82. Second arc wall; 83. Driving gear; 84. Passive gear; 85. Transmission chain; 86. Power input shaft; 9. External fan; 91. Wind hood; 92. Wind nozzle.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下是本发明的具体实施例,并结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are further described in conjunction with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
实施例一,参见图1-4,本实施例公开一种轻质物料分离装置,包括给风机构和抛料机构,所述给风机构包括罩扣在抛料机构上方的密封罩2,以及设置在密封罩2上的进风管道21,进风管道21对称焊接在密封罩2的两侧,且与密封罩2成45度角,进风管道21对称设置密封罩2两侧,可在输送带7对物料进行输送时,从侧面同时对物料进行吹风,使物料受风更均匀,进风管道21倾斜设置在密封罩2上可使物料在受风时不仅受到向上的力,还受到向前行进的力,利于物料的分选和运输,提高分选和输送效率;进风管道21为多组,间隔分布在密封罩2的两侧,本实施例中进风管道21为3组,多组进风管道21的设置可使物料在输送过程持续不断的受风,从而使不同质量的物料具有不同的运动轨迹,分离更为彻底;本实施例中风力源为设置在进风管道21内部的内置风机22,直接在进风管道21内设置风机,可使风力直接从进风管道21进入密封罩2内作用于物料,缩短送风路径,提高风的有效作用力,于实际应用中还可使用其他风力源进行送风,例如空气压缩机;密封罩2的两个侧面的底端向内弯折形成弯折部23,所述弯折部23向内延伸并抵持在安装部的侧面,弯折部23的下表面设置有滑块24,所述安装架31的上端面设置有凸沿32,凸沿32的上表面开设有与所述滑块24相配合的滑槽,密封罩2通过滑块24与滑槽配合,可滑动的安装在安装架31上,便于打开密封罩2对设备进行维修保养,滑槽开设在安装架31上端面的凸沿32上,在不影响顶杆41和托辊42运动的情况下,这一设置可增加密封罩2的密封性,弯折部23可用于承接从输送带7上落下的物料,避免物料直接落在滑块24滑槽上影响它们的滑动配合,或是落在其他零件机构上影响装置的正常运行;密封罩2的横截面面积沿物料行进方向逐渐变大,当风力源提供的风力较大时,采用横截面面积逐渐变大的密封罩2,以保证气流从进料端向出料端运行,避 免物料在气流作用下反向运行,影响输送和分离效率;密封罩2上还设置有进料口和出料口,进料口上固定安装有进料仓1。 Embodiment 1, referring to FIGS. 1-4, this embodiment discloses a light-weight material separation device, including an air supply mechanism and a material ejection mechanism, the air supply mechanism includes a sealing cover 2 buckled above the material ejection mechanism, and The air inlet duct 21 provided on the sealing cover 2 is symmetrically welded on both sides of the sealing cover 2 and forms a 45-degree angle with the sealing cover 2. The air inlet duct 21 is provided symmetrically on both sides of the sealing cover 2 When the conveyor belt 7 conveys the materials, the materials are simultaneously blown from the side to make the materials more uniformly subjected to the wind. The air inlet pipe 21 is inclinedly arranged on the sealing cover 2 so that the materials are not only subjected to upward force when the wind is received, but also The force of forward travel is conducive to the sorting and transportation of materials, and improves the efficiency of sorting and conveying; the air inlet ducts 21 are in multiple groups, and are distributed on both sides of the sealing cover 2, in this embodiment, the air inlet ducts 21 are in three groups , The setting of multiple groups of air inlet ducts 21 can make the materials continuously receive wind during the transportation process, so that different qualities of materials have different movement trajectories, and the separation is more thorough; in this embodiment, the wind source is set in the air inlet duct Built-in fan 22 inside 21, directly A fan is installed in the air inlet duct 21, so that the wind can directly enter the seal cover 2 from the air inlet duct 21 to act on the material, shorten the air supply path, and increase the effective force of the wind. In actual applications, other wind sources can also be used for air supply Wind, such as an air compressor; the bottom ends of the two side surfaces of the sealing cover 2 are bent inward to form a bent portion 23 that extends inwardly and bears against the side surface of the mounting portion. The lower surface is provided with a slider 24, and the upper end surface of the mounting frame 31 is provided with a convex edge 32. The upper surface of the convex edge 32 is provided with a sliding groove that cooperates with the slider 24. The sliding groove cooperates and can be slidably installed on the mounting frame 31, which is convenient for opening the sealing cover 2 to maintain the equipment. The sliding groove is opened on the convex edge 32 of the upper end surface of the mounting frame 31, without affecting the ejector 41 and the supporting roller 42 In the case of movement, this setting can increase the tightness of the sealing cover 2, and the bending portion 23 can be used to receive the material falling from the conveyor belt 7 to prevent the material from directly falling on the slide groove of the slider 24 to affect their sliding fit. Or it falls on other parts and mechanisms to affect the normal operation of the device ; The cross-sectional area of the sealing cover 2 gradually increases in the direction of material travel. When the wind power provided by the wind source is large, the sealing cover 2 with gradually increasing cross-sectional area is used to ensure that the air flow runs from the feed end to the discharge end In order to avoid the reverse operation of the material under the action of the air flow, which affects the efficiency of transportation and separation; the sealing cover 2 is also provided with a feed port and a discharge port, and a feed bin 1 is fixedly installed on the feed port.
抛料机构包括包括承载物料的载料组件以及顶杆41,所述顶杆41垂直设置于载料组件,顶杆41在动力机构的作用下能够上下运动并带动载料组件上下运动实现抛料,本实施例中,载料组件包括用于输送物料的输送带7及机架3,输送带7张紧在两个传动轮上,传动轮可转动的安装在机架3的两端,主动轮71安装在出料端,被动轮72安装在进料端,主动轮71与第一电机的输出轴传动连接,在第一电机的驱动下转动从而带动输送带7运行将物料从进料端输送至出料端;所述输送带7输料面的下方设置有多根用于支撑输送带7和物料的托辊42,托辊42垂直于输送带7的运行方向设置,托辊42两端的支撑轴分别垂直安装在顶杆41上,所述顶杆41两两对称的分布在输送带7的两侧,每组顶杆41之间安装一根托辊42,且顶杆41的上端面高于输送带7的上表面以将输送带7约束在两侧的顶杆41之间,避免输送带7跑偏,使顶杆41还兼备纠偏的功能;顶杆41的下方安装有驱动顶杆41上下运动液压缸5,液压缸5的活塞杆51抵接在顶杆41的下端面,以上设置可对输送带7上的物料进行抛料和风吹,顶杆41在液压缸5的作用下上下运动并带动托辊42上下运动,在液压缸5活塞杆51快速伸缩的过程中,输送带7在托辊42的作用下产生振动,将输送带7上的物料抛起,通过液压缸5和顶杆41的配合实现托辊42的上下运动,从而实现抛料,且结构简单紧凑,运行可靠,维护方便,且抛料机构利用输送带7进形载料,可在物料输送的过程中对物料进行抛料和风吹,物料到达出料端时即可实现轻质物料的分离,大幅提高轻质物料的分离效率,并将输送设备和分离设备合理的结合在了一起,降低了制造和运行成本;输送带7的两侧设置有安装架31,安装架31上开设有导向槽,顶杆41能够上下移动的安装于导向槽中,导向槽的设置可将顶杆41的运动约束为上下运动,从而使托辊42受到向上的作用力实现抛料,避免托辊42向其他方向移动导致输送带7偏移;所述顶杆41包括安装段411和从动段412,安装段411和从动段412为同轴设置的两段圆柱体,所述导向槽为圆 柱形槽体,从动段412安装在导向槽内并在导向槽的约束下上下移动,且下端突出于导向槽设置与液压缸5配合,安装段411与从动段412的连接部形成一凸台并抵靠在安装架31上,所述托辊42的支撑轴安装于安装段411,以上设置使顶杆41的安装段411的外缘支撑在安装架31上为托辊42提供足够的支撑力,从而使托辊42有足够的支撑力来支撑输送带7和物料,同时也可满足顶杆41与液压缸5相配合实现向上运动,且顶杆41和导向槽均设置成圆柱形可减少摩擦力提高配合度。The ejection mechanism includes a material-carrying component that carries materials and an ejector 41. The ejector 41 is vertically disposed on the material-carrying component. The ejector 41 can move up and down under the action of the power mechanism and drive the material-carrying component to move up and down to realize ejection In this embodiment, the material carrying assembly includes a conveyor belt 7 for conveying materials and a frame 3, the conveyor belt 7 is tensioned on two transmission wheels, and the transmission wheels are rotatably installed at both ends of the frame 3, actively The wheel 71 is installed at the discharge end, the passive wheel 72 is installed at the feed end, and the drive wheel 71 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the first motor, and rotates under the drive of the first motor to drive the conveyor belt 7 to move the material from the feed end Conveyed to the discharge end; under the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 7 is provided a plurality of supporting rollers 42 for supporting the conveyor belt 7 and the materials, the supporting rollers 42 are arranged perpendicular to the running direction of the conveyor belt 7, and the supporting rollers 42 are both The supporting shafts at the ends are respectively vertically installed on the ejector rods 41, and the ejector rods 41 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the conveyor belt 7, and a supporting roller 42 is installed between each group of ejector rods 41. The end face is higher than the upper surface of the conveyor belt 7 to restrain the conveyor belt 7 on the top of both sides Between 41, to avoid the deviation of the conveyor belt 7, so that the jack 41 also has the function of correcting the deviation; below the jack 41 is installed a hydraulic cylinder 5 that drives the jack 41 to move up and down, and the piston rod 51 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 abuts on the jack The lower end surface of 41, the above setting can throw and blow the materials on the conveyor belt 7, the top rod 41 moves up and down under the action of the hydraulic cylinder 5 and drives the roller 42 to move up and down, and the piston rod 51 in the hydraulic cylinder 5 rapidly expands and contracts During the process, the conveyor belt 7 vibrates under the action of the support roller 42 and throws up the material on the conveyor belt 7, and the up and down movement of the support roller 42 is realized by the cooperation of the hydraulic cylinder 5 and the ejector 41, so as to realize the throwing. And the structure is simple and compact, the operation is reliable, the maintenance is convenient, and the material throwing mechanism uses the conveyor belt 7 into the shape of the load, the material can be thrown and blown during the material conveying process, the material can achieve light weight when it reaches the discharge end The separation of materials greatly improves the separation efficiency of light materials, and combines the conveying equipment and the separating equipment reasonably, reducing the manufacturing and operating costs; the conveyor belt 7 is provided with mounting brackets 31 on both sides of the mounting bracket 31 There is a guide groove, The rod 41 can be moved up and down in the guide groove. The guide groove can restrict the movement of the jack 41 to the up and down movement, so that the supporting roller 42 is subjected to upward force to realize the material throwing, and the supporting roller 42 is prevented from moving in other directions. The conveyor belt 7 is shifted; the jack 41 includes a mounting section 411 and a driven section 412, the mounting section 411 and the driven section 412 are two cylindrical sections arranged coaxially, and the guide groove is a cylindrical groove body, The driven section 412 is installed in the guide groove and moves up and down under the constraint of the guide groove, and the lower end protrudes from the guide groove to cooperate with the hydraulic cylinder 5, and the connecting portion of the mounting section 411 and the driven section 412 forms a boss and abuts On the mounting frame 31, the supporting shaft of the supporting roller 42 is mounted on the mounting section 411. The above setting enables the outer edge of the mounting section 411 of the jack 41 to be supported on the mounting frame 31 to provide sufficient supporting force for the supporting roller 42, thereby The supporting roller 42 has sufficient supporting force to support the conveyor belt 7 and the materials, and at the same time, it can satisfy that the jack 41 and the hydraulic cylinder 5 cooperate to achieve upward movement, and the jack 41 and the guide groove are both arranged in a cylindrical shape to reduce friction Improve fit.
本实施例的工作原理为,物料由进料仓1进入到密封罩2内,本实施例中的物料为经破碎后的建筑垃圾,建筑垃圾中夹杂着轻质的装潢垃圾,物料落在输送带7的进料端,输送带7在传动轮的带动下带动物料向出料端运行;建筑垃圾在被输送的过程中,液压缸5工作,液压缸5的活塞杆51作用于顶杆41,输送带7两侧的顶杆41带动托辊42上下运动,托辊42上下运动并作用于输送带7将输送带7上的物料抛起,物料在抛起和下落的过程中轻质物料和重质物料下落速度和运动轨迹不同,物料会得到初步的分离,且物料在输送和抛起过程中还会受到内置风机22的风吹,风机为3组间隔分布密封罩2的两侧,因此物料在整个输送过程中持续受风,且物料在抛起和落下的动态过程中受风效果更好,物料在动态的时候彼此之间存在间隙处于松散状态,便于受风,避免轻质物料和重质物料处于静止状态夹杂在一起并互相挤压,从而影响轻质物料受风和运动;当物料输送至出料口时在抛料和风吹的共同作用下,不同质量的物料已形成了不同的速度和区域,因此物料在从出料口下落时会形成不同的运动轨迹,从而实现分离,运输、抛料和给风均在密封罩2内进行,物料被约束在密封罩2内,避免物料抛起和受风后四处散落,减少粉尘污染和噪声污染,且密封罩2形成一个风道能进一步提高受风效果。The working principle of this embodiment is that the material enters into the sealing cover 2 from the feed bin 1, the material in this embodiment is broken construction waste, the construction waste is mixed with light decoration waste, and the material falls on the transportation At the feed end of the belt 7, the conveyor belt 7 drives the animal material to the discharge end under the drive of the transmission wheel; during the transportation of construction waste, the hydraulic cylinder 5 works, and the piston rod 51 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 acts on the ejector rod 41 The ejector rods 41 on both sides of the conveyor belt 7 drive the supporting roller 42 to move up and down. The supporting roller 42 moves up and down and acts on the conveyor belt 7 to throw up the material on the conveyor belt 7, the material is light in the process of throwing and falling Unlike the falling speed and movement trajectory of heavy materials, the materials will be initially separated, and the materials will be blown by the built-in fan 22 during the transportation and throwing process. The fans are distributed on both sides of the sealing cover 2 at three intervals. Therefore, the material is continuously exposed to the wind throughout the conveying process, and the material is better affected by the wind during the dynamic process of throwing and falling. The material has a gap between each other during the dynamic state and is loose, which is convenient for the wind and avoids lightweight materials. Hezhong The materials are mixed and squeezed together in a static state, which affects the light materials to be affected by wind and movement; when the materials are transported to the discharge port, under the combined action of throwing and blowing, different qualities of materials have formed different speeds And the area, so the material will form different movement trajectories when falling from the discharge port, so as to achieve separation, transportation, material throwing and air supply are all carried out in the sealed cover 2, the material is restrained in the sealed cover 2, to avoid the material thrown Scattered around after rising and receiving wind to reduce dust pollution and noise pollution, and the formation of an air duct by the sealing cover 2 can further improve the wind receiving effect.
实施例二,参见图5-10,本实施例公开一种轻质物料分离装置,包括给风机构和抛料机构,所述给风机构包括罩扣在抛料机构上方的密封罩2,以及设置在密封罩2上的进风管道21,进风管道21对称焊接在密封罩2的两侧,且与密封罩2成45度角,进风管道21对称设置密封罩2两侧, 可在输送带7对物料进行输送时,从侧面同时对物料进行吹风,使物料受风更均匀,进风管道21倾斜设置在密封罩2上可使物料在受风时不仅受到向上的力,还受到向前行进的力,利于物料的分选和运输,提高分选和输送效率;本实施例中进风管道21为一组并靠近输送带7的出料端设置,进风管道21靠近出料端设置,垃圾在出料前受风,可使其维持受风状态至出料,从而在出料时具有速度差形成不同的运动轨迹以达到分离目的;进风管道21的横截面沿进风方向逐渐变小,这一设置能够使风力更为集中,从而使垃圾受风效果更好,达到更好的分离效果。本实施例中风力源为设置在进风管道21内部的内置风机22,直接在进风管道21内设置风机,可使风力直接从进风管道21进入密封罩2内作用于物料,缩短送风路径,提高风的有效作用力,与实际应用中还可使用其他风力源进行送风,例如空气压缩机,输送带7两侧的机架3上表面开设有滑槽,密封罩2的下沿固定安装有与滑槽相配合的滑块24,密封罩2通过滑块24可滑动的安装在机架3上,密封罩2采用这种安装方式,便于打开密封罩2对设备进行维修保养;密封罩2的内壁对称安装有挡板25,所述挡板25位于滑块24的上方,挡板25的宽度与密封罩2和机架3的安装间隙相同,设置挡板25是为了遮挡密封罩2与机架3的安装间隙,进一步提高密封罩2的密封性,且挡板25设置在滑块24的上方,能够承接散落的垃圾,避免垃圾落在滑槽和滑块24上以致影响它们的配合,并且散落的垃圾更易清理。Second embodiment, referring to FIGS. 5-10, this embodiment discloses a light-weight material separation device, including an air supply mechanism and a throwing mechanism, the air supply mechanism includes a sealing cover 2 buckled above the throwing mechanism, and The inlet duct 21 provided on the sealing cover 2 is symmetrically welded on both sides of the sealing cover 2 and forms a 45-degree angle with the sealing cover 2. The inlet duct 21 is provided symmetrically on both sides of the sealing cover 2. When the conveyor belt 7 conveys the materials, the materials are simultaneously blown from the side to make the materials more uniformly subjected to the wind. The air inlet pipe 21 is inclinedly arranged on the sealing cover 2 so that the materials are not only subjected to upward force when the wind is received, but also The force of forward travel is conducive to the sorting and transportation of materials, and improves the efficiency of sorting and conveying; in this embodiment, the air inlet pipe 21 is a group and is located near the discharge end of the conveyor belt 7, the air inlet pipe 21 is close to the discharge At the end, the garbage is subjected to wind before discharge, which can maintain the wind condition until discharge, so that there is a speed difference during discharge to form different motion trajectories to achieve separation purposes; the cross section of the air inlet pipe 21 is along the air inlet The direction gradually becomes smaller, this setting can make Force is more concentrated, so that the garbage by wind better and achieve better separation. In this embodiment, the wind power source is a built-in fan 22 provided inside the air inlet duct 21, and a fan is directly provided in the air inlet duct 21, so that the wind force can directly enter the airtight cover 2 from the air inlet duct 21 to act on the material and shorten the air supply. The path improves the effective force of the wind, and in actual applications, other wind sources can also be used for air supply, such as air compressors, the upper surface of the rack 3 on both sides of the conveyor belt 7 is provided with a chute, and the lower edge of the sealing cover 2 A slider 24 cooperating with the chute is fixedly installed, and the sealing cover 2 is slidably installed on the frame 3 through the slider 24. The sealing cover 2 adopts this installation method, which is convenient for opening the sealing cover 2 for maintenance of the equipment; A baffle 25 is symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the sealing cover 2, and the baffle 25 is located above the slider 24. The width of the baffle 25 is the same as the installation gap between the sealing cover 2 and the frame 3. The baffle 25 is provided to shield the seal The installation gap between the cover 2 and the frame 3 further improves the tightness of the sealing cover 2, and the baffle 25 is provided above the slider 24 to be able to accept scattered garbage and prevent the garbage from falling on the slide groove and the slider 24 to affect Their cooperation, and scattered Easier to clean up rubbish.
抛料机构包括承载物料的载料组件以及顶杆41,所述顶杆41垂直设置于载料组件,顶杆41在动力机构的作用下能够上下运动并带动载料组件上下运动实现抛料,本实施例中,载料组件包括用于输送物料的输送带7及机架3,输送带7张紧在两个传动轮上,传动轮可转动的安装在机架3的两端,主动轮71安装在出料端,被动轮72安装在进料端,主动轮71与第一电机的输出轴传动连接,在电机的驱动下转动从而带动输送带7运行将物料从进料端输送至出料端;输送带7两侧机架3上搭设有托辊安装架6,本实施例中托辊安装架6为7个,托辊安装架6在进料端的间距较小,以提高进料端的承载力,托辊安装架6上均安装有托辊42,所述托辊42 位于输送带7输送面的下方,并垂直于输送带7输送方向设置,托辊安装架6为皮带输送机上使用的常规托辊安装架6,包括纵向设置的两根安装梁61,所述安装梁61分别位于输送带7的两侧,安装梁61的底部通过底梁62连接,所述托辊42安装于两根安装梁61之间,所述底梁62的底部固定垂直安装有顶杆41,所述安装梁61的上端安装有防止输送带7偏移的纠偏杆63,纠偏杆63位于输送带7的两侧,以上设置可避免输送带7在受到托辊42向上的作用力时发生偏移,从而保证输送带7的正常运行及抛料效果,纠偏杆63为圆柱体,以减小对输送带7的磨损。本实施例通过在托辊安装架6下设置顶杆41,然后再利用动力机构对顶杆41做功,使顶杆41带动托辊安装架运动,便可实现将输送带7上的垃圾抛起,本实施例中抛料机构充分利用了常规输送机构固有的部件如托辊42和托辊安装架6,使它们同时具备了支撑和抛料的功能,从而使机构的结构更简单紧凑,功能性、实用性、适配性更强,可对现有的输送机构进行改造即可实现抛料,制造成本、运行成本低;输送带7两侧的机架3上对称焊接有限位基座34,本实施例中限位基座34为7组,每个托辊安装架6均限位于一组限位基座34中,限位基座34的设置是为了保证托辊安装架6只能够上下运动实现抛料,避免其在机架3上前后或左右移动,影响其抛料和支撑效果,充分利用动力机构提供的动能进行有效抛料,并能够稳固的支撑在支架上对输送带7和输送带7上的垃圾进行支撑;安装梁61的底部端面设置有缓冲器,本实施例中采用缓冲弹簧64作为缓冲器,缓冲弹簧64的设置能够有效减小托辊安装架6下落时对机架3产生的冲击力,从而延长装置的使用寿命,并减小噪音;本实施例中,动力机构包括位于顶杆41下方的凸轮8,所述凸轮8固设于动力输入轴86,动力输入轴86的端部通过传动装置与电机传动连接,凸轮8在动力输入轴86的带动下转动,所述凸轮8包括第一圆弧壁81及第二圆弧壁82,第一圆弧壁81和第二圆弧壁82之间通过切线连接,如图8所示,第一圆弧壁81抵靠在顶杆41的下端时,顶杆41被顶起并带动托辊安装架6向上运动,如图9所示,第二圆弧壁82抵靠在顶杆41的下端时,顶杆41在托辊安装架6重力作用下恢复至初 始位置,采用凸轮机构作为动力机构简单可靠,维护方便,且能够充分利用输送带7下方的空间,使整个装置的结构更为紧凑合理;所述传动装置包括固设在第二电机输出轴上的主动齿轮83,与主动齿轮83啮合的传动链条85,还包括固设在动力输入轴86端部的被动齿轮84,本实施例中被动齿轮84为7个,分别与每个凸轮8配合作用于每个托辊安装架6,所述被动齿轮84也与传动链条85啮合,通过主动齿轮83、被动齿轮84及传动链条85的配合可实现一部电机带动所有的凸轮8运转,且可通过改变凸轮8的安装方向实现托辊42的同动和异动,节能且操控维护方便。The ejection mechanism includes a material-carrying component that carries materials and a ejector 41. The ejector 41 is vertically disposed on the material-carrying component. Under the action of the power mechanism, the ejector 41 can move up and down and drive the material-carrying component to move up and down to realize ejection. In this embodiment, the material-carrying component includes a conveyor belt 7 and a frame 3 for conveying materials. The conveyor belt 7 is tensioned on two transmission wheels. The transmission wheels are rotatably installed at both ends of the frame 3, and the driving wheel 71 is installed at the discharge end, and the passive wheel 72 is installed at the feed end. The drive wheel 71 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the first motor, and rotates under the drive of the motor to drive the conveyor belt 7 to transport the material from the feed end to the output Material end; on the frame 3 on both sides of the conveyor belt 7, there are idler mounting racks 6, in this embodiment, there are 7 idler mounting racks, and the distance between the idler mounting racks 6 at the feed end is small to improve the feed At the end, the idler mounting frame 6 is equipped with idler rollers 42 which are located below the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 7 and are arranged perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 7, and the idler roller mounting frame 6 is on the belt conveyor Conventional idler mounting bracket 6 used, including two longitudinally arranged A mounting beam 61, the mounting beams 61 are located on both sides of the conveyor belt 7, the bottom of the mounting beam 61 is connected by a bottom beam 62, the supporting roller 42 is installed between two mounting beams 61, the bottom beam 62 A vertical rod 41 is vertically installed at the bottom, and the upper end of the installation beam 61 is provided with a deflection deflection rod 63 that prevents the conveyor belt 7 from shifting. The deflection deflection rods 63 are located on both sides of the conveyor belt 7. The upward force of the roller 42 shifts to ensure the normal operation of the conveyor belt 7 and the throwing effect. The deviation correction rod 63 is a cylinder to reduce the wear on the conveyor belt 7. In this embodiment, by setting the ejector rod 41 under the supporting roller mounting frame 6, and then using the power mechanism to do work on the ejector rod 41, the ejector rod 41 can drive the supporting roller mounting frame to move, and the garbage on the conveyor belt 7 can be thrown away In this embodiment, the throwing mechanism makes full use of the inherent components of the conventional conveying mechanism, such as idler 42 and idler mounting frame 6, so that they have the functions of supporting and throwing at the same time, so that the structure of the mechanism is simpler and more compact, and the function It is more practical, practical, and adaptable. It can be transformed by the existing conveyor mechanism to achieve material throwing, and the manufacturing cost and operating cost are low; the symmetrical welding of the limited base 34 on the frame 3 on both sides of the conveyor belt 7 In this embodiment, there are 7 sets of limit bases 34, and each idler mounting frame 6 is limited to one set of limit bases 34. The setting of the limit base 34 is to ensure that the idler mounting frame 6 can only The up and down movement realizes the material throwing, avoids it from moving back and forth or left and right on the frame 3, affects the material throwing and supporting effect, makes full use of the kinetic energy provided by the power mechanism for effective material throwing, and can firmly support the conveyor belt 7 on the bracket Support the garbage on the conveyor belt 7 The bottom end surface of the mounting beam 61 is provided with a buffer. In this embodiment, a buffer spring 64 is used as a buffer. The setting of the buffer spring 64 can effectively reduce the impact force on the frame 3 when the idler mounting frame 6 falls. Extend the service life of the device and reduce noise; in this embodiment, the power mechanism includes a cam 8 located below the jack 41, the cam 8 is fixed to the power input shaft 86, the end of the power input shaft 86 passes through the transmission device Driven by a motor, the cam 8 rotates under the drive of a power input shaft 86. The cam 8 includes a first arc wall 81 and a second arc wall 82, one of the first arc wall 81 and the second arc wall 82 Is connected by a tangent line, as shown in FIG. 8, when the first arc wall 81 abuts against the lower end of the ejector 41, the ejector 41 is lifted up and drives the idler mounting frame 6 to move upward, as shown in FIG. 9, When the second arc wall 82 abuts on the lower end of the ejector 41, the ejector 41 is restored to its original position under the gravity of the roller mounting frame 6, the cam mechanism is used as the power mechanism, which is simple and reliable, convenient for maintenance, and can fully utilize the conveyor belt 7 The space below makes the structure of the whole device It is compact and reasonable; the transmission device includes a driving gear 83 fixed on the output shaft of the second motor, a transmission chain 85 meshing with the driving gear 83, and a passive gear 84 fixed on the end of the power input shaft 86. In the embodiment, there are 7 passive gears 84, which are matched with each cam 8 for each roller mounting frame 6, the passive gear 84 also meshes with the transmission chain 85, through the driving gear 83, the passive gear 84 and the transmission chain The cooperation of 85 can realize that one motor drives all the cams 8 to operate, and can realize the simultaneous and abnormal movements of the idler roller 42 by changing the installation direction of the cams 8, saving energy and convenient operation and maintenance.
位于出料端的机架3上安装有一外置风机9,外置风机9能够使垃圾从出料口落下时再次受风,以提高分选效果,外置风机9上套装有风罩91,风罩91的前端一体形成扁嘴形风嘴92,所述风嘴92的宽度与出料口的宽度一致,风嘴92的高度低于出料口,以上设置风力更为集中,且能使落下的物料均匀受风,从而使物料受风效果更好,达到更好的分离效果。An external fan 9 is installed on the rack 3 at the discharge end. The external fan 9 can make the garbage receive wind again when it falls from the discharge port to improve the separation effect. The external fan 9 is covered with a wind hood 91. The front end of the hood 91 is integrally formed with a flat-nozzle-shaped air nozzle 92, and the width of the air nozzle 92 is the same as the width of the discharge port. The height of the air nozzle 92 is lower than the discharge port. The materials are evenly exposed to the wind, so that the materials are better affected by the wind and achieve a better separation effect.
本实施例公开的轻质物料分离装置的工作原理为,经破碎后的建筑垃圾由进料斗进入到密封罩2中,并落在输送带7的进料端,输送带7在主动轮71的传动下带动建筑垃圾向出料端行进;建筑垃圾在被输送的过程中,第二电机驱动主动齿轮83运转,主动齿轮83通过传动链条85的传动带动被动齿轮84运转,被动齿轮84通过动力输入轴86带动凸轮8运转,当凸轮8的第一圆弧壁81抵靠在顶杆41的下端时,顶杆41被顶起并带动托辊安装架6向上运动,从而托辊42向上运动作用于输送带7并将输送带7上的垃圾抛起,第二圆弧壁82抵靠在顶杆41的下端时,顶杆41在托辊安装架6的重力作用下恢复至初始位置,垃圾在抛起和下落的过程中由于质量重力不同,下落速度和运动轨迹不同,垃圾会得到初步的分离;垃圾在整个输送过程会多次被抛起,当垃圾到达靠近出料端的内置风机22处时,各种垃圾已处于初步分离状态,且不会夹杂在一起,各种垃圾之间存在间隙处于松散状态,输送带7的两侧内置风机22同时向处于初步分离和分散状态的垃圾给风,不同垃圾由于质量不同在风力作用下会具有不同的速度,从而形成不同的运动轨迹,且进风管道21倾斜安装于密封罩2上, 垃圾受风时,不仅受到向上的力,还受到向前行进的力,进风管道21靠近出料端设置,垃圾的受风状态持续至出料,垃圾在运输的过程中受到抛料和风吹的共同作用,在垃圾从出料口落下时由于质量的不同形成了不同下落轨迹以实现分离,运输、抛料和给风均在密封罩2内进行,垃圾被约束在密封罩2内,避免垃圾抛起和受风后四处散落,减少粉尘污染和噪声污染且能提高受风效果;垃圾从出料口下落时再次受到外置风机9的风吹,从而分选效果更好。The working principle of the light-weight material separation device disclosed in this embodiment is that the crushed construction waste enters the sealing cover 2 through the feed hopper, and falls on the feeding end of the conveyor belt 7, which is on the driving wheel 71 The transmission of construction waste drives the construction waste to the discharge end; during the transportation of construction waste, the second motor drives the driving gear 83 to run, the driving gear 83 drives the passive gear 84 through the transmission of the transmission chain 85, and the passive gear 84 passes the power The input shaft 86 drives the cam 8 to run. When the first arc wall 81 of the cam 8 abuts against the lower end of the ejector 41, the ejector 41 is pushed up and drives the idler mounting frame 6 to move upward, so that the idler 42 moves upward Acting on the conveyor belt 7 and throwing up garbage on the conveyor belt 7, when the second arc wall 82 abuts on the lower end of the ejector 41, the ejector 41 is restored to its original position under the gravity of the idler mounting frame 6, During the process of throwing and falling garbage, due to the different mass gravity, different falling speed and movement trajectory, the garbage will be initially separated; the garbage will be thrown up many times during the whole transportation process, when the garbage reaches the built-in fan 22 near the discharge end Place , All kinds of garbage are already in a preliminary separation state, and will not be mixed together, there is a gap between various kinds of garbage is in a loose state, built-in fans 22 on both sides of the conveyor belt 7 at the same time to the preliminary separation and dispersion of the garbage wind, Different garbage will have different speeds under the action of wind due to different masses, thus forming different motion trajectories, and the air inlet duct 21 is installed obliquely on the sealing cover 2. When the garbage is subjected to wind, not only the upward force but also the forward For the traveling force, the air inlet duct 21 is set close to the discharge end. The wind condition of the garbage continues until the discharge. The garbage is transported by the throwing and wind blowing during the transportation process. When the garbage falls from the discharge port, due to the quality of the Different trajectories are formed to achieve separation, transportation, material throwing and air supply are all carried out in the sealed cover 2, the garbage is restrained in the sealed cover 2, to avoid garbage thrown up and scattered around after the wind, reduce dust pollution and noise Pollution and can improve the effect of wind; when the garbage falls from the discharge port, it is blown by the wind of the external fan 9 again, so the separation effect is better.
应该理解,在本发明的权利要求书、说明书中,所有“包括……”均应理解为开放式的含义,也就是其含义等同于“至少包含……”,而不应理解为封闭式的含义,即其含义不应该理解为“仅包含……”。术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。术语“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置必须具备特定的方位或位置关系,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。It should be understood that in the claims and the description of the present invention, all "including ..." should be understood as an open-ended meaning, that is, the meaning is equivalent to "including at least ...", and should not be understood as a closed-ended one. Meaning, meaning that it should not be understood as "contains only ...". The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. The terms "installation", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. For those of ordinary skill in the art, In other words, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations. The terms "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc. indicate orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description. It does not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation or positional relationship, so it cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换,都应涵盖在发明的保护范围之内。The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to this, changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by those skilled in the art within the essential scope of the present invention , Should be covered by the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,包括向物料吹风的给风机构和将物料抛起的抛料机构,所述给风机构包括罩扣在抛料机构上方的密封罩(2),以及设置在密封罩(2)上的进风管道(21),风力源通过进风管道(21)向物料提供风力。A light material separation device, characterized by comprising an air supply mechanism blowing air to the material and a material ejection mechanism that throws the material, the air supply mechanism includes a sealing cover (2) covering the material ejection mechanism, And an air inlet duct (21) provided on the sealing cover (2), and a wind power source supplies wind power to the material through the air inlet duct (21).
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,所述抛料机构包括承载物料的载料组件以及顶杆(41),所述顶杆(41)垂直设置于载料组件,顶杆(41)在动力机构的作用下能够上下运动并带动载料组件上下运动实现抛料。The light-weight material separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material throwing mechanism includes a material carrying component and an ejector rod (41), and the ejector rod (41) is vertically disposed on the material carrier Under the action of the power mechanism, the ejector rod (41) can move up and down and drive the loading and unloading component to move up and down to realize material throwing.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,所述载料组件包括输送带(7)及机架(3),机架(3)的两端分别安装有传动轮,输送带(7)张紧在两个传动轮上,并在传动轮的带动下运行,将物料从进料端输送至出料端,所述输送带(7)输料面的下方设置有多根用于支撑输送带(7)和物料的托辊(42),所述托辊(42)垂直于输送带(7)的运行方向设置,托辊(42)两端的支撑轴分别安装有顶杆(41),托辊(42)垂直于顶杆(41)设置,并能在顶杆(41)的带动下上下运动,顶杆(41)的下方安装有驱动顶杆(41)上下运动的液压缸(5)。A light-weight material separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that the material-carrying component comprises a conveyor belt (7) and a frame (3), and two ends of the frame (3) are respectively equipped with transmission wheels , The conveyor belt (7) is tensioned on two drive wheels, and driven by the drive wheels to transport materials from the feed end to the discharge end, the conveyor belt (7) is provided below the conveying surface A plurality of support rollers (42) for supporting the conveyor belt (7) and the material, the support rollers (42) are arranged perpendicular to the running direction of the conveyor belt (7), and support shafts at both ends of the support roller (42) are respectively installed The ejector rod (41), the supporting roller (42) is arranged perpendicular to the ejector rod (41), and can move up and down under the driving of the ejector rod (41), and the driving ejector rod (41) is installed under the ejector rod (41) up and down Moving hydraulic cylinder (5).
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,所述输送带(7)的两侧设置有安装架(31),安装架(31)上开设有导向槽,顶杆(41)能够上下移动的安装于导向槽中。A light-weight material separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, a mounting rack (31) is provided on both sides of the conveyor belt (7), and a guide groove is formed on the mounting rack (31), and the ejector rod (41) It can be installed up and down in the guide groove.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,所述顶杆(41)包括安装段(411)和从动段(412),安装段(411)和从动段(412)为同轴设置的两段圆柱体,所述导向槽为圆柱形槽体,从动段(412)安装在导向槽内并在导向槽的约束下上下移动,且下端突出于导向槽设置与液压缸(5)配合,安装段(411)与从动段(412)的连接部形成一凸台并抵靠在安装架(31)上,所述托辊(42)的支撑轴安装于安装段(411)。The light-weight material separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that the ejector rod (41) includes a mounting section (411) and a driven section (412), and the mounting section (411) and the driven section (412) 412) is a two-section cylindrical body arranged coaxially, the guide groove is a cylindrical groove body, the driven section (412) is installed in the guide groove and moves up and down under the restriction of the guide groove, and the lower end protrudes from the guide groove Cooperating with the hydraulic cylinder (5), the connecting portion of the mounting section (411) and the driven section (412) forms a boss and abuts on the mounting frame (31), and the supporting shaft of the idler (42) is mounted on Install segment (411).
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,所述顶杆(41)两两对称的分布在输送带(7)的两侧,且顶杆(41)的上端面高于输送带(7)的上表面。A light material separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that the ejector rods (41) are distributed symmetrically on both sides of the conveyor belt (7), and the upper end surface of the ejector rod (41) Above the upper surface of the conveyor belt (7).
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,所述密封罩(2)的两个侧面的底端向内弯折形成弯折部(23),所述弯折部(23)向内延伸并抵持在安装架(31)的侧面,弯折部(23)的下表面设置有多块滑块(24),所述安装架(31)的上端面设置有凸沿(32),凸沿(32)的上表面开设有与所述滑块(24)相配合的滑槽。The light-weight material separating device according to claim 6, characterized in that the bottom ends of the two side surfaces of the sealing cover (2) are bent inward to form a bent portion (23), and the bent portion (23) extend inward and bear on the side of the mounting frame (31), a plurality of sliders (24) are provided on the lower surface of the bending portion (23), and the upper end surface of the mounting frame (31) is provided with a protrusion Along the (32), the upper surface of the convex edge (32) is provided with a sliding groove that cooperates with the slider (24).
  8. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4或5或6或7所述的一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,所述进风管道(21)对称设置在密封罩(2)的两侧,且进风管道(21)倾斜设置在密封罩(2)上。A light material separation device according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7, characterized in that the air inlet duct (21) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sealing cover (2) And the air inlet duct (21) is inclinedly arranged on the sealing cover (2).
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,所述进风管道(21)为多组,间隔分布在密封罩(2)上。A light-weight material separation device according to claim 8, characterized in that the air inlet duct (21) is a plurality of groups, which are distributed on the sealing cover (2) at intervals.
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种轻质物料分离装置,其特征在于,所述密封罩(2)的横截面面积沿物料行进方向逐渐变大。A light-weight material separation device according to claim 9, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the sealing cover (2) gradually increases along the material traveling direction.
PCT/CN2019/116903 2018-11-09 2019-11-09 Lightweight material separation device WO2020094140A1 (en)

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