WO2020093401A1 - 设备运动控制方法、设备和存储装置 - Google Patents

设备运动控制方法、设备和存储装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020093401A1
WO2020093401A1 PCT/CN2018/114915 CN2018114915W WO2020093401A1 WO 2020093401 A1 WO2020093401 A1 WO 2020093401A1 CN 2018114915 W CN2018114915 W CN 2018114915W WO 2020093401 A1 WO2020093401 A1 WO 2020093401A1
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Prior art keywords
speed
interpolation
motion
magnification
transition
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PCT/CN2018/114915
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张志明
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深圳配天智能技术研究院有限公司
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Priority to CN201880087312.7A priority Critical patent/CN111727411B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/114915 priority patent/WO2020093401A1/zh
Publication of WO2020093401A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020093401A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/41Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by interpolation, e.g. the computation of intermediate points between programmed end points to define the path to be followed and the rate of travel along that path

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  • the present application relates to the technical field of equipment automation, in particular to a method, equipment and storage device for equipment motion control.
  • the motion control of equipment can usually be divided into two parts: planning and interpolation.
  • the planning includes calculating the movement trajectory of the equipment according to the starting point, end point and steady-state speed and other parameters defined in advance according to the design requirements, and the movement speed and acceleration of the equipment at each moment in the entire movement trajectory.
  • Interpolation is the process of calculating the intermediate point of the device's motion process, also known as "densification of data points" when the motion planning curve of the device is known. At the current interpolation point, the device calculates according to the calculation The coordinates of the next interpolation point are shifted.
  • the device is a robot, its motion control may be the overall motion control of the robot or the motion control of the robot's terminal execution parts.
  • the present application provides a device motion control method, device, and storage device for solving the above problems.
  • a technical solution adopted by the present application is: to provide a device motion control method, which includes: acquiring a planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device; receiving a speed change instruction, the speed change instruction including a target speed Magnification; a virtual interpolation interval is calculated according to the target speed override and the actual interpolation interval; and at one or more interpolation points, according to the virtual interpolation interval and the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device Determine the position to be reached in the actual movement of the device.
  • a device motion control method which includes: acquiring a planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device; receiving a speed change instruction, the speed change instruction including a target speed Magnification; according to the target speed magnification, the time axis of the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device is proportionally stretched or compressed to obtain the changed planned trajectory; and at one or more interpolation points, according to the The planned trajectory and actual interpolation interval after the change determine the position to be reached in the actual movement of the device.
  • another technical solution adopted by the present application is to provide a device including a controller, and the controller can load program instructions and execute any device motion control method described above.
  • another technical solution adopted by the present application is to provide a storage device in which program instructions are stored, and the program instructions can be loaded and execute any of the above device motion control methods.
  • the virtual interpolation interval can be calculated according to the target speed override and the actual interpolation interval in the received speed change instruction, and then the virtual interpolation interval and the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device can be used to The actual motion is interpolated. That is to say, after the speed override of the device is changed, the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device can still be used for motion interpolation after the speed change without re-planning the motion of the device. Therefore, this application can save the computing resources of the device, thereby improving the performance of the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a device motion control method of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of determining the motion interpolation method after the device receives the speed change instruction according to the planning curve of the initial motion of the device described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of the device motion control method of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining motion interpolation after the device receives a speed change instruction according to the planning curve of the initial motion of the device with reference to the method described in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of a device motion control method of the present application.
  • 6 and 7 are schematic diagrams of determining the motion interpolation method after the device receives the speed change instruction according to the planning curve of the initial motion of the device with reference to the method described in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of a device motion control method of the present application.
  • 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of determining the motion interpolation method after the device receives the speed change instruction according to the planning curve of the initial motion of the device with reference to the method described in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the device of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a device motion control method according to the present application.
  • the method includes:
  • the device may have been in motion or will move according to certain conditions.
  • This motion is called the initial motion of the device, and the initial motion of the device may be pre-planned.
  • a planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device is obtained, and the planned trajectory represents the relationship between the displacement of the initial motion of the device and time. It can be understood that, based on the relationship between the displacement and time in the initial motion, the relationship between the speed and time of the initial motion, and the acceleration and time can be derived. Therefore, it can be considered that the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device contains the planned device displacement and speed And acceleration each with respect to time.
  • the device in this embodiment may refer to the entire device or a single or multiple components of the device.
  • the initial motion of the device corresponds to the overall motion of the device or the motion of single or multiple components of the device. And the motion may be linear motion or rotary motion.
  • S102 Receive a speed change instruction, including the target speed override.
  • a speed change instruction from a user or other equipment is received.
  • the speed change instruction is an instruction to adjust the speed of the device.
  • the speed change instruction may include data representing commanding the device to accelerate, decelerate, and stop.
  • the speed change instruction includes the target speed override, which is the speed override expected of the device.
  • the target speed magnification is greater than 1, it means that the target speed expected by the device is greater than the planned speed of the initial motion of the device; otherwise, if the target speed magnification is less than 1, it means that the target speed of the device is expected to be less than the initial motion
  • the target speed override is equal to 1, there is no need to change the movement of the equipment based on the planning of the initial movement of the equipment. For example, if the target speed ratio is equal to 2, it means that the target speed expected by the equipment is twice the original planned speed of the original motion, if the target speed ratio is equal to 0.5, then the target speed achieved by the expected equipment is the planned speed of the original initial motion Half.
  • the virtual interpolation interval is calculated according to the target speed override and the actual interpolation interval.
  • the process of interpolation is to calculate the intermediate point of the equipment movement process on the basis of planning, so as to control the movement of the equipment at each step.
  • the actual interpolation interval between interpolation points can be set as required, for example, it can be set to 0.1ms, 1ms, 10ms, etc., which is not limited herein. Taking 1ms as an example, the actual interpolation interval between the interpolation points is 1ms, which means that an interpolation operation is performed every 1ms.
  • the current interpolation point is calculated according to the motion plan to the next The expected displacement of the interpolation point during this period (or, you can also calculate the desired movement speed, the two are equivalent), so as to control the actual movement of the device according to the result of the interpolation.
  • the actual interpolation interval is the period at which the displacement encoder of the device obtains the interpolation point value from the planning calculator.
  • the virtual interpolation interval in this application is only used to calculate the expected displacement (or speed) during the actual interpolation interval from the current interpolation point to the next interpolation point according to the motion plan. If the target speed override is equal to 1, that is, the speed override is not adjusted, then the virtual interpolation interval is equal to the actual interpolation interval. If the target speed override is less than 1, that is, it is desired to reduce the speed override, then the virtual interpolation interval is less than the actual interpolation interval, otherwise, if the target speed override is greater than 1, that is, the speed interpolation ratio is expected to increase, then the virtual interpolation interval is greater than the actual interpolation interval .
  • a corresponding lookup table may be preset for the target speed override, the actual interpolation interval, and the virtual interpolation interval, and the virtual interpolation interval may be obtained through direct query.
  • the target speed override should be proportional to the virtual interpolation interval.
  • the virtual interpolation interval may be equal to the product of the target speed override and the actual interpolation interval.
  • the virtual interpolation interval is used to calculate the value of the interpolation point in the planning calculator of the device, and is not used to change the period in which the displacement encoder of the device acquires the value of the interpolation point from the planning calculator. It should be understood that the actual interpolation interval and the virtual interpolation interval can be implemented using appropriate hardware / software forms, which are not limited herein.
  • S104 At one or more interpolation points, interpolate the position to be reached by the next interpolation point in the actual motion of the device according to the virtual interpolation interval and the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device.
  • the present application does not directly use the actual interpolation interval to perform the interpolation operation, but uses the virtual interpolation interval obtained in step S103.
  • this virtual interpolation interval you can find the position that the device needs to reach in the actual motion of the device on the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device, that is, the position that the device will reach at the next interpolation point. Take the actual interpolation interval of 1ms and the virtual interpolation interval of 0.7ms as an example.
  • the interval between the interpolation points is 1ms (as described above, corresponding to the actual interpolation interval), and at each interpolation point, the corresponding current interpolation point is not found on the planned trajectory of the initial motion based on the actual interpolation interval
  • the point after 1ms is to find the point corresponding to the current interpolation point after 0.7ms (that is, the virtual interpolation interval), and determine the position where the device's next interpolation point (that is, after 1ms) should reach based on this point.
  • the virtual interpolation interval can be calculated according to the target speed override and the actual interpolation interval in the received speed change instruction, and then the virtual interpolation interval and the planned trajectory of the device's initial motion can be used to change the device's motion speed override
  • the actual movement is interpolated. That is to say, after the speed override of the device is changed, the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device can still be used for motion interpolation after the speed change without re-planning the motion of the device. Therefore, this application can save the computing power of the device, thereby improving the performance of the device.
  • step S104 may specifically include the following steps: at one or more interpolation points, obtain the position of the actual motion of the device at the current interpolation point, and find the position of the current interpolation point in the planned trajectory of the initial motion Corresponding planned reference time, then on the planned trajectory of the initial motion, according to the planned reference time and the virtual interpolation interval, determine the position of the actual motion of the device to be reached at the next interpolation point.
  • the curve in FIG. 2 shows the position that the initial motion of the device should reach at each moment according to the plan.
  • the position corresponding to the point after the compensation interval (vertical axis), which is the position to be reached at the next interpolation point t 2 in the actual movement of the device.
  • this point also corresponds to the original planning reference time (Horizontal axis) point at 2ms.
  • the situation is different from before.
  • the point after the reference time plus the virtual interpolation interval is the position (vertical axis) corresponding to the point at the 6ms corresponding to the original planned reference time (horizontal axis) in the figure.
  • this embodiment takes the method of finding a corresponding point on the curve of the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device as an example.
  • the curve and the function have a correspondence, the above process You can get rid of the solid curve image, and only by appropriately selecting and adjusting the variables in the function to achieve the same effect.
  • the target speed multiplier is greater than 1, that is, a situation in which it is desired to increase the speed of the device. It can be understood that a similar method can also be applied to the case where the target speed ratio is less than 1, that is, it is desired to reduce the speed of the device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of a device motion control method according to the present application. The method includes:
  • S202 Receive a speed change instruction, where the speed change instruction includes a target speed override.
  • step S201 and step S202 reference may be made to step S101 and step S102 respectively, which will not be described in detail.
  • S203 Obtain the current speed of the device, the current speed ratio, and the maximum acceleration of the device.
  • the current speed of the device can be measured by a corresponding sensor, such as a rotational speed measuring device, or it can also be calculated based on the planned speed of the initial motion of the device and the previously set speed override.
  • the current speed ratio is the speed ratio of the actual movement of the current device, which can be compared with the planned speed in the planning of the initial movement of the device, or it can be set in the previous speed adjustment operation and recorded in the device's motion control In the system.
  • the maximum acceleration of a device can usually be determined by the structure of the device, the type / model of the driver used, the configuration of the device's motion control system, etc. For convenience of explanation, the current speed, current speed magnification, and maximum acceleration of the device are respectively recorded as v 1 , M 1, and a max .
  • S204 Determine the target speed according to the current speed, the current speed override and the target speed override, and determine the duration of the override change according to the current speed, target speed and maximum acceleration.
  • the target speed override is M t
  • the target speed v t can be calculated by the following formula:
  • S205 Use a smooth curve to plan the transition process of the transition speed magnification from the current speed magnification to the target speed magnification within the time range of magnification change, thereby obtaining a planning curve of the transition speed magnification.
  • the planning curve of the transition speed ratio can give the change process of the speed ratio of the equipment within the range of the change duration (that is, the period before the speed ratio of the equipment is changed to the target speed ratio after receiving the speed change instruction).
  • a cubic polynomial curve can be used to plan the transition process of the transition speed magnification from the current speed magnification to the target speed magnification within the time range of the magnification change, thereby obtaining a cubic polynomial planning curve of the transition speed magnification.
  • S206 Determine the number of one or more transitional interpolation points according to the duration of magnification change and the actual interpolation interval.
  • the transitional interpolation point is the interpolation point during the period when the movement speed override of the device changes from the current speed override to the target speed override (that is, within the range of the override change duration). .
  • the number of transitional interpolation points within this period can be predetermined according to the time of the magnification change T trans and the actual interpolation interval, and the time of the magnification change T rans is divided by the actual interpolation interval and rounded, which is The number of transition interpolation points.
  • the first corresponding speed override is equal to the interpolation point of the target speed override
  • the number of transitional interpolation points can be the duration of the magnification change T rans divided by the actual interpolation interval and rounded down, or can be The duration of magnification change, T rans, is divided by the actual interpolation interval and rounded up. There is no substantial difference, and it is only determined according to the specific settings of the user. For example, if the duration of the magnification change calculated in step S204 is 5.4 ms, and the actual interpolation interval is 1 ms, then the number of transition interpolation points may be 5 or 6.
  • S207 At one or more transition interpolation points, determine the transition speed override corresponding to the current transition interpolation point on the planning curve of the transition speed override, and calculate the virtual transition interpolation interval according to the transition speed override and the actual interpolation interval Then, according to the virtual transition interpolation interval and the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device, the position of the next transition interpolation point to be reached in the actual motion of the device is determined.
  • S209 At one or more interpolation points after the transitional interpolation point, determine the next interpolation in the actual motion of the device according to the virtual interpolation interval and the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device Make up the location to be reached.
  • step S208 and step S209 refer to step S103 and step S104 to perform the interpolation operation after the transition interpolation point after reaching the target speed override.
  • the curve in FIG. 4 shows the position that the initial motion of the device should reach at each moment according to the plan.
  • 1ms the actual interpolation interval.
  • the speed ratio of the equipment changes according to the planning curve of the transition speed ratio.
  • the corresponding transition speed magnification is 1.2
  • Motion interpolation can achieve a smooth change of the actual speed / speed ratio of the device, thereby further preventing the speed jump from adversely affecting the device's motion control system.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a device motion control method according to the present application.
  • the method includes:
  • S302 Receive a speed change instruction, including the target speed override.
  • the virtual interpolation interval is not introduced to perform the interpolation operation, but the time axis of the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device is stretched or compressed in proportion to the target speed override. If the target speed magnification is less than 1, that is to reduce the speed magnification, then the time axis of the planned trajectory of the initial motion (from the time of receiving the speed change command) is compressed, and the length of the compressed time axis is the same as the length of the original time axis The ratio is equal to the target speed ratio. If the target speed magnification is greater than 1, that is, it is desired to increase the speed magnification, then the time axis of the planned trajectory of the initial motion (from the time when the speed change command is received) is stretched. The ratio is equal to the target speed ratio.
  • S304 At one or more interpolation points, the position of the next interpolation point to be reached in the actual motion of the device is determined according to the changed planned trajectory and the actual interpolation interval.
  • the modified planned trajectory obtained in step S303 is used And according to the actual interpolation interval interpolation calculation, so as to get the next interpolation point in the actual movement of the device to reach the position.
  • the interval between each interpolation point is 1ms (as mentioned above, corresponding to the actual interpolation interval).
  • the time axis of the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device can be proportionally stretched or compressed to obtain the changed planned trajectory, and then the changed planned trajectory and The actual interpolation interval is used to interpolate the actual movement after the equipment movement speed override is changed. That is to say, after the speed magnification of the device is changed, as long as the time axis of the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device is correspondingly stretched or compressed, it can still be used for motion interpolation after the speed change, without the need Plan the movement of the device. Therefore, this application can save the computing power of the device, thereby improving the performance of the device.
  • step S304 may include the following steps: at one or more interpolation points, obtain the position of the actual movement of the device at the current interpolation point, and find the position of the current interpolation point in the planned trajectory after the change Corresponding planned reference time, and then on the changed planning trajectory, according to the planned reference time and the actual interpolation interval, determine the position where the actual motion of the device will reach at the next interpolation point.
  • the curve in FIG. 6 shows the position that the initial motion of the device should reach at each moment according to the plan.
  • the position to be reached at the next interpolation point is calculated according to the actual interpolation interval and the original planned trajectory.
  • this embodiment takes the method of finding the corresponding point on the curve of the planned trajectory after the device as an example.
  • Those skilled in the art can understand that the above process can also be performed due to the correspondence between the curve and the function Get rid of the solid curve image, and only by appropriately selecting and adjusting the variables in the function to achieve the same effect.
  • the target speed multiplier is greater than 1, that is, a situation in which it is desired to increase the speed of the device. It can be understood that a similar method can also be applied to the case where the target speed ratio is less than 1, that is, it is desired to reduce the speed of the device.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of another embodiment of a device motion control method according to the present application. The method includes:
  • S401 Acquire a planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device.
  • S402 Receive a speed change instruction, including the target speed override.
  • S403 Obtain the current speed, current speed magnification, and maximum acceleration of the device.
  • S404 Determine the target speed according to the current speed, the current speed override and the target speed override, and determine the duration of the override change according to the current speed, target speed and maximum acceleration.
  • S405 Use a smooth curve to plan the transition process of the transition speed magnification from the current speed magnification to the target speed magnification within the time range of magnification change, thereby obtaining a planning curve of the transition speed magnification.
  • S406 Determine the number of one or more transitional interpolation points according to the duration of magnification change and the actual interpolation interval.
  • Steps S403 to S406 are similar to steps S203 to S206, and are not repeated here.
  • S407 At one or more transition interpolation points, determine the transition speed override corresponding to the current transition interpolation point on the planning curve of the transition speed override, and form the time axis of the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device according to the transition speed override Stretch or compress proportionally to obtain the transition planning trajectory, and then determine the position of the next transition interpolation point in the actual movement of the device according to the transition planning trajectory and the actual interpolation interval.
  • S409 At one or more interpolation points after the transitional interpolation point, determine the position to be reached by the next interpolation point in the actual motion of the device according to the changed planned trajectory and the actual interpolation interval
  • step S408 and step S409 referring to step S303 and step S304, the interpolation operation after the transition interpolation point is performed after reaching the target speed override.
  • the function graphs shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are not substantially different, that is, their corresponding functions are the same.
  • the curve in FIG. 9 shows the position that the initial motion of the device should reach at each moment according to the plan. In this example, we use 1ms as the actual interpolation interval.
  • the speed ratio of the equipment changes according to the planning curve of the transition speed ratio.
  • the corresponding transition speed magnification is 1.2.
  • the time axis of the original planned trajectory should be stretched to 1.2 times, that is, the planning reference in FIG. 6
  • the length of the coordinate axis at the time of 4ms to 5ms is 1.2 times the length of the coordinate axis at the planned reference time of 3ms to 4ms.
  • the corresponding transition speed magnification is 1.4
  • the time axis of the original planned trajectory should be stretched to 1.4 times, that is, in FIG. 6
  • the length of the coordinate axis in the 5ms to 6ms segment at the planned reference time is 1.4 times the length of the coordinate axis in the 3ms to 4ms segment at the planned reference time.
  • Motion interpolation can achieve a smooth change of the actual speed / speed ratio of the device, thereby preventing the speed jump from adversely affecting the device's motion control system.
  • the speed change instruction received by the device in any of the above embodiments may be an instruction to stop the device.
  • the target speed override included in the speed change instruction is equal to zero.
  • the device motion control method according to any of the above embodiments can still be used to adjust the speed magnification of the actual motion of the device to the target speed magnification—zero, thereby stopping the motion of the device.
  • To restart the device simply send a new speed change command to the device and adjust the target speed override to the desired target speed override.
  • the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device may be determined according to a T-shaped (trapezoidal) speed plan.
  • the planned trajectory of the initial motion of the device may be determined according to the initial speed, the steady-state speed, the end speed, and the length of the motion curve of the initial motion of the device, and the maximum acceleration and / or maximum deceleration of the device.
  • the T-shaped curve acceleration and deceleration planning is divided into three time periods: uniform acceleration, uniform speed and uniform deceleration phase.
  • the lengths of the three time periods are respectively denoted as T 1 ⁇ T 3
  • the curve length of each time period is l 1 ⁇ l 3
  • the end time of each time period is denoted as t 1 ⁇ t 3 .
  • the maximum acceleration a max and the maximum deceleration d max are determined by the machine tool motor parameters.
  • the user specifies the initial velocity f s of the curve, the steady-state velocity f, the end velocity f e and the curve length L. In this way, according to these conditions, the values of T 1 ⁇ T 3 can be calculated to complete the T-curve acceleration and deceleration planning. So there are:
  • the initial motion plan of the device can be determined, including the planned trajectory, speed And acceleration.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a device provided by the present invention.
  • the device 500 includes a communication bus 501, a controller 502, and a memory 503.
  • the controller 502 and the memory 503 are coupled through the communication bus 501.
  • the memory 503 stores program data, and the program data can be loaded by the controller 502 and execute the device motion control method in any of the above embodiments. Understandably, in some other embodiments, the memory 503 may be set in the same physical device by different controllers 502, but the method of any of the above embodiments is performed by combining the device 500 with the network.
  • the functions described in the above embodiments are implemented in software and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a device with a storage function, that is, the present invention also provides a storage device that stores a program.
  • the program data in the storage device can be executed to implement the device motion control method in the foregoing embodiment, and the storage device includes, but is not limited to, a U disk, an optical disk, a server, or a hard disk.

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Abstract

一种设备(500)运动控制方法、设备(500)和存储装置,该方法包括:获取设备(500)的初始运动的规划轨迹(S101);接收速度变更指令,速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率(S102);根据目标速度倍率和实际插补间隔计算得到虚拟插补间隔(S103);以及在一个或多个插补点处,根据虚拟插补间隔和设备(500)的初始运动的规划轨迹确定设备(500)的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置进行插补(S104)。在设备(500)的速度倍率变更后,设备(500)的初始运动的规划轨迹仍然可以被用于速度变更后的运动插补,而无需重新规划。因此,该方法可节省设备(500)的运算能力。

Description

设备运动控制方法、设备和存储装置 【技术领域】
本申请涉及设备自动化技术领域,特别是涉及一种设备运动控制方法、设备和存储装置。
【背景技术】
设备,例如机器人、机床运动元件或小车等,其运动控制通常可分为两大部分:规划和插补。规划包括根据依设计要求先行定义的起点、终点和稳态速度等参数,计算得出设备设备的运动轨迹,和在整个运动轨迹中,各时刻设备的运动速度和加速度等。插补则是在已知设备的运动规划曲线的情况下,计算设备设备运动过程的中间点的过程,也称为“数据点的密化”,在当前插补点处,设备按照所计算得到的下一个插补点的坐标进行位移。其中,若设备为机器人,其运动控制可以为机器人整体的运动控制或机器人末端执行部件的运动控制等。
在设备运动过程中,若需要提速或者减速,可以通过调节速度倍率实现。通常,在设备开始运行时,设备后续运动的一条或多条规划已提前完成。在这种情况下,如果调节了速度倍率,那么提前完成的规划就失去了作用,此时需要重新进行规划。
本申请的发明人在对现有技术的实践过程中发现,根据现有技术,一旦改变了速度倍率,原有的设备运动规划就失去了作用,需要重新规划,速度变化滞后,而重新规划还会占用设备的运算资源,造成浪费,影响设备的性能表现。
【发明内容】
本申请提供一种设备运动控制方法、设备和存储装置,用于解决上述问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本申请采用的一种技术方案为:提供一种设备运动控制方法,该方法包括:获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹;接收速度变更指令,所述速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率;根据所述目标速度倍率和实际插补 间隔计算得到虚拟插补间隔;以及在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述虚拟插补间隔和所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹确定所述设备的实际运动中要到达的位置。
为了解决上述技术问题,本申请采用的另一技术方案为:提供一种设备运动控制方法,该方法包括:获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹;接收速度变更指令,所述速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率;根据所述目标速度倍率,对所述设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例地拉伸或者压缩,从而得到变更后规划轨迹;以及在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述变更后规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定所述设备的实际运动中要到达的位置。
为了解决上述技术问题,本申请采用的又一技术方案为:提供一种设备,该设备包括控制器,所述控制器可加载程序指令并执行上述任意设备运动控制方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本申请采用的再一技术方案为:提供一种存储装置,其中存储有程序指令,所述程序指令可被加载并执行上述任意设备运动控制方法。
本申请根据接收的速度变更指令中的目标速度倍率和实际插补间隔可以计算得到虚拟插补间隔,进而可以利用虚拟插补间隔和设备的初始运动的规划轨迹来对设备运动速度倍率变更后的实际运动进行插补。也就是说,在设备的速度倍率变更后,设备的初始运动的规划轨迹仍然可以被用于速度变更后的运动插补,而无需重新对设备的运动进行规划。因此,本申请可节省设备的运算资源,从而提高设备的性能表现。
【附图说明】
图1是本申请设备运动控制方法一实施例的流程示意图。
图2是参考图1所述的方法根据设备初始运动的规划曲线来确定设备接收到速度变更指令后的运动插补方法的示意图。
图3是本申请设备运动控制方法另一实施例的流程示意图。
图4是是参考图2所述的方法根据设备初始运动的规划曲线来确定设备接收到速度变更指令后的运动插补方法的示意图。
图5是本申请设备运动控制方法另一实施例的流程示意图。
图6和图7是是参考图5所述的方法根据设备初始运动的规划曲线来确定设备接收到速度变更指令后的运动插补方法的示意图。
图8是本申请设备运动控制方法另一实施例的流程示意图。
图9和图10是是参考图8所述的方法根据设备初始运动的规划曲线来确定设备接收到速度变更指令后的运动插补方法的示意图。
图11是本申请设备一实施例的结构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
请参阅图1,图1示出了本申请设备运动控制方法一实施例的流程示意图。该方法包括:
S101:获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹。
在本实施例中,设备可能已经在运动过程中或者将要按照一定的条件运动,该运动称为设备的初始运动,并且,设备初始运动可以是预先规划好的。在步骤S101中,获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹,规划轨迹代表了设备的初始运动的位移与时间的关系。可以理解,根据初始运动中位移与时间的关系,可以推导出初始运动的速度与时间、以及加速度与时间的关系,因此可认为设备的初始运动的规划轨迹中含有所规划的设备的位移、速度和加速度各自相对于时间的关系。本实施例中的设备可以指设备的整体或者设备的单个或多个部件,相 应地,设备的初始运动对应设备的整体运动或者设备的单个或多个部件的运动。并且该运动可以是直线运动也可以是旋转运动。
S102:接收速度变更指令,其中包括目标速度倍率。
在步骤S102中,接收来自用户或者其他设备的速度变更指令。速度变更指令是对设备的速度进行调整的指令,例如速度变更指令可以包括代表命令设备加速、减速、停止等的数据。速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率,也就是期望设备达到的速度倍率。若目标速度倍率大于1,那么就说明期望设备达到的目标速度大于设备的初始运动的规划的速度,反之,若目标速度倍率小于1,那么就说明期望设备达到的目标速度小于设备的初始运动的规划的速度,若目标速度倍率等于1,那么在设备的初始运动的规划基础上无需对设备的运动做改变。例如,若目标速度倍率等于2,那么说明期望设备达到的目标速度为原初始运动的规划速度的两倍,若目标速度倍率等于0.5,那么说明期望设备达到的目标速度为原初始运动的规划速度的一半。
S103:根据目标速度倍率和实际插补间隔计算得到虚拟插补间隔。
插补的过程是在规划的基础上,计算设备运动过程的中间点,从而控制设备“每一步”的运动。插补点之间的实际插补间隔可以根据需要设定,例如,可以设定为0.1ms、1ms、10ms等,在此不做限定。以1ms为例进行说明,插补点之间的实际插补间隔为1ms意味着每隔1ms进行一次插补运算,在每次插补运算中,根据运动规划来计算当前插补点到下一个插补点这段时间内期望的位移(或者,也可以计算期望的运动速度,两者为等效的),从而根据插补的结果控制设备的实际运动。在一些实施例中,实际插补间隔为设备的位移编码器从规划计算器中获取插补点数值的周期。
本申请中的虚拟插补间隔仅用于根据运动规划来计算当前插补点到下一个插补点这段实际插补间隔时间内期望的位移(或速度)。若目标速度倍率等于1,即不对速度倍率进行调整,那么虚拟插补间隔等于实际插补间隔。若目标速度倍率小于1,即期望减小速度倍率,那么虚拟插补间隔小于实际插补间隔,反之, 若目标速度倍率大于1,即期望增加速度倍率,那么虚拟插补间隔大于实际插补间隔。在一些实施例中,可以为目标速度倍率、实际插补间隔和虚拟插补间隔预设对应的查询表,通过直接查询的方式获取虚拟插补间隔。在另一些实施例中,目标速度倍率应与虚拟插补间隔成正比,例如,虚拟插补间隔可等于目标速度倍率与实际插补间隔的乘积。在一些实施例中,虚拟插补间隔用于计算设备的规划计算器中的插补点的数值,而并不用于改变设备的位移编码器从规划计算器中获取插补点数值的周期。应当理解,实际插补间隔和虚拟插补间隔可以使用适当的硬件/软件形式实现,在此不做限定。
S104:在一个或多个插补点处,根据虚拟插补间隔和设备的初始运动的规划轨迹对设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置进行插补。
与传统设备运动控制方法不同,在各插补点处,本申请不使用实际插补间隔直接进行插补运算,而是使用步骤S103中得到的虚拟插补间隔。使用该虚拟插补间隔,可以在设备的初始运动的规划轨迹上找到设备的实际运动中需要到达的位置,即下一个插补点处设备要到达的位置。以实际插补间隔为1ms,虚拟插补间隔为0.7ms为例。各插补点之间的间隔为1ms(如前述,对应实际插补间隔),而在每个插补点处,并不根据实际插补间隔在初始运动的规划轨迹上寻找对应当前插补点1ms后的点,而是寻找对应当前插补点0.7ms后(即虚拟插补间隔)的点,并根据该点确定设备下一插补点(即1ms后)应当到达的位置。也就是说,相比原规划或者速度倍率不变的情况,在当前插补点至下一插补点这段时间,根据新的插补结果设备将少走1-0.7=0.3ms的距离(规划轨迹上该时段对应的距离),因此与原来规划的初始运动相比,实现了对设备的运动速度倍率的降低。反之,在另一个例子中,若实际插补间隔为1ms而虚拟插补间隔为1.5ms,那么在当前插补点至下一插补点这段时间,根据新的插补结果设备将多走1.5-1=0.5ms的距离(规划轨迹上该时段对应的距离),因此与原来规划的初始运动相比,实现了对设备的运动速度倍率的增加。
本实施例根据接收的速度变更指令中的目标速度倍率和实际插补间隔可以 计算得到虚拟插补间隔,进而可以利用虚拟插补间隔和设备的初始运动的规划轨迹来对设备运动速度倍率变更后的实际运动进行插补。也就是说,在设备的速度倍率变更后,设备的初始运动的规划轨迹仍然可以被用于速度变更后的运动插补,而无需重新对设备的运动进行规划。因此,本申请可节省设备的运算能力,从而提高设备的性能。
可选地,步骤S104可具体包括以下步骤:在一个或多个插补点处,获取设备的实际运动在当前插补点的位置,并在初始运动的规划轨迹中找到当前插补点的位置对应的规划参考时刻,然后在初始运动的规划轨迹上,根据规划参考时刻和虚拟插补间隔,确定设备的实际运动在下一插补点处要达到的位置。
为了方便说明,下面结合图2的例子进行解释。如图2所示,图2中的曲线示出了根据规划的设备初始运动在各时刻应当到达的位置。在这个例子中我们以1ms作为实际插补间隔。在设备的实际运动过程中,首先以与1倍速度倍率进行运动,其对应曲线上的前三个插补点(t=1至t=3)。在此范围的每个插补点处,按照实际插补间隔计算下一个插补点处要到达的位置,也就是说,在t=1的插补点处,找到曲线上对应1ms(实际插补间隔)后的点对应的位置(纵轴),该位置就是设备实际运动中下一插补点t=2处要到达的位置,从图中可以看出,该点也对应原规划参考时刻(横轴)2ms处的点。插补点t=2和t=3处的情况也与之类似,显然,在这个阶段并没有涉及到虚拟插补间隔的概念。
在插补点t=4处接收到速度变更指令后,情况与之前不同。在这个例子中假设目标速度倍率为2,那么根据目标速度倍率(=2)和实际插补间隔(=1ms)可计算得到虚拟插补间隔Δt=2×1=2ms。在插补点t=4处,首先在设备的初始运动的规划轨迹中找到插补点t=4处的位置对应的规划参考时刻(4ms),然后在初始运动的规划轨迹上,找到该规划参考时刻加上虚拟插补间隔后的点,即图中对应原规划参考时刻(横轴)6ms处的点对应的位置(纵轴),该位置就是设备实际运动中下一插补点t=5处要到达的位置。以此类推,就可以在后续插补点t=5、t=6和t=7中分别得出对应的下一插补点t=6、t=7和t=8处设备的实 际运动要到达的位置。为方便解释说明,本实施例以在设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的曲线上找对应点的方法为例进行了说明,本领域的技术人员可以理解,由于曲线和函数有对应关系,上述过程也可以脱离实体曲线图像,而只通过适当地选取和调整函数中的变量来实现相同的效果。
本实施例中目标速度倍率大于1,即期望提升设备的速度的情况。可以理解,类似的方法也可以应用于目标速度倍率小于1,即期望降低设备的速度的情况。
图2中在插补点t=4之前,设备实际运动的速度倍率等于1,而在插补点t=4及之后,设备的实际运动的速度倍率变为了2,这就造成了设备的速度倍率的跳变,不利于设备的平稳控制。因此,在此基础上还可以对本方案进一步改善。请参阅图3,图3示出了本申请设备运动控制方法另一实施例的流程示意图。该方法包括:
S201:获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹。
S202:接收速度变更指令,所述速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率。
步骤S201和步骤S202可以分别参考步骤S101和步骤S102,不再赘述。
S203:获取设备的当前速度、当前速度倍率和设备的最大加速度。
设备的当前速度可以由相应地传感器测量得到,例如转速测量装置等,或者也可以根据设备的初始运动的规划速度和之前设置的速度倍率计算得到。当前速度倍率则是当前设备实际运动的速度倍率,这可以是与设备初始运动的规划中的规划速度比较得到的,也可以是在之前的速度调整操作中设置的,并记录在设备的运动控制系统中。设备的最大加速度通常可以由设备的结构、使用的驱动器的类型/型号、设备的运动控制系统的配置等决定。为方便解释,将设备的当前速度、当前速度倍率和最大加速度分别记为v 1、M 1和a max
S204:根据当前速度、当前速度倍率和目标速度倍率确定目标速度,并根据当前速度、目标速度和最大加速度确定倍率变化时长。
记目标速度倍率为M t,那么目标速度v t可以由下式计算得到:
Figure PCTCN2018114915-appb-000001
若接收到速度变更指令前设备按初始运动的规划轨迹运动,也就是说当前速度倍率M 1等于1,那么可得到目标速度v t=v 1×M t。进一步地,就可以计算倍率变化时长T trans,也就是将设备的运动速度(或运动速度倍率)由当前速度v 1(或当前速度倍率M 1)变化至目标速度v t(或目标速度倍率M t)所需要的时间。其中,T trans=(v t-v 1)/a max。应当理解,由于各参数之间具有相关性,在实际计算中也可以使用与设备运动相关的其他参数(例如位移、加速度等)来计算得到倍率变化时长,只要这些计算方法没有脱离本申请的原理和精神,都应认为属于本申请的保护范围之内。
S205:使用平滑曲线规划倍率变化时长范围内从当前速度倍率变更至目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到过渡速度倍率的规划曲线。
之后,就可以使用平滑曲线对设备的运动速度倍率的变化过程进行规划,从而得到过渡速度倍率的规划曲线。过渡速度倍率的规划曲线可以给出变化时长范围内(即,接收到速度变更指令后到设备的速度倍率变更为目标速度倍率之前的这段时间)设备的速度倍率的变化过程。
可选地,可以使用三次多项式曲线来规划倍率变化时长范围内从当前速度倍率变更至目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到过渡速度倍率的三次多项式规划曲线。具体地,设三次多项式曲线为M(t)=at 3+bt 2+ct+d,我们知道t=0时(例如,接收到速度变更指令的时刻)M(t)=M 1,而t=T trans时M(t)=M t,并且为了实现加速度的平滑变化,M(0)’和M(T trans)’(即曲线的两端点处的导数)也应等于零,据此可以求出三次多项式曲线中的a、b、c、d等参数,从而得到过渡速度倍率的三次多项式曲线。
当然,本领域的技术人员可以理解,也可以使用其他曲线来对倍率变化时长范围内设备的速度倍率的变化过程进行规划。例如,在图4的例子中,设备的速度倍率是按线性变化的,具体内容将在后文中说明。
S206:根据倍率变化时长和实际插补间隔,确定一个或多个过渡插补点的数量。
过渡插补点就是在设备的运动速度倍率由当前速度倍率变化至目标速度倍率这段时间内(即倍率变化时长范围内)的插补点,过渡插补点之间的间隔等于实际插补间隔。可选地,可以根据倍率变化时长T trans和实际插补间隔,来预先确定这段时间内的过渡插补点的数量,用倍率变化时长T rans除以实际插补间隔并取整,即为过渡插补点的数量。由于过渡速度倍率的规划曲线的结束点(即,曲线上t=T rans时刻的点)及之后对应的速度倍率均等于目标速度倍率,因此首个对应的速度倍率等于目标速度倍率的插补点可以看做一般的插补点,也可以看做过渡插补点,也就是说,过渡插补点的数量可以为倍率变化时长T rans除以实际插补间隔并向下取整,也可以为倍率变化时长T rans除以实际插补间隔并向上取整,并没有实质性区别,仅根据用户具体的设置决定。例如,若步骤S204中计算得到的倍率变化时长为5.4ms,而实际插补间隔为1ms,那么过渡插补点的数量可以为5个或者6个。
S207:在一个或多个过渡插补点处,确定当前过渡插补点在过渡速度倍率的规划曲线上对应的过渡速度倍率,并根据过渡速度倍率和实际插补间隔计算得到虚拟过渡插补间隔,继而根据虚拟过渡插补间隔和设备的初始运动的规划轨迹确定设备的实际运动中下一过渡插补点要到达的位置。
S208:根据所述目标速度倍率和实际插补间隔计算得到虚拟插补间隔;以及
S209:在所述过渡插补点后的一个或多个插补点处,根据所述虚拟插补间隔和所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。
在步骤S208及步骤S209中,可参考步骤S103及步骤S104,在达到目标速度倍率后进行过渡插补点后的插补操作。
为方便说明,下面结合图4的例子进行解释。如图4所示,图4中的曲线示出了根据规划的设备初始运动在各时刻应当到达的位置。在这个例子中我们以1ms作为实际插补间隔。在设备的实际运动中,首先以与1倍速度倍率进行 运动,其对应曲线上的前四个插补点(t=1至t=4)。而在插补点t=4处接收到速度变更指令,此后设备将根据指令改变速度以达到目标速度倍率。在这段过程中,设备的速度倍率按照过渡速度倍率的规划曲线来变化。为了方便理解,在图4的例子中设备的过渡速度倍率的规划曲线是线性的,具体地,该曲线方程可以为M(t)=1+0.2*(t-3)。在过渡插补点t=4处对应的过渡速度倍率为1.2,那么根据过渡速度倍率(=1.2)和实际插补间隔(=1ms)可计算得到虚拟插补间隔Δt=1.2×1=1.2ms。在插补点t=4处,首先在设备的初始运动的规划轨迹中找到该插补点的位置对应的规划参考时刻(4ms),然后在初始运动的规划轨迹上,找到该规划参考时刻加上虚拟插补间隔后的点,即图中对应原规划参考时刻(横轴)5.2ms处的点对应的位置(纵轴),该位置就是设备实际运动下一插补点t=5处要到达的位置。接着,在过渡插补点t=5处对应的过渡速度倍率为1.4,那么根据过渡速度倍率(=1.4)和实际插补间隔(=1ms)可计算得到虚拟插补间隔Δt=1.4×1=1.4ms,重复上述计算过程,就可以得到下一插补点t=6处要到达的位置,以此类推,直到设备的实际运动的速度倍率达到目标速度倍率。
通过对设备实际运动的速度倍率由当前速度倍率变更至目标速度倍率的这段过程中设备的速度倍率的变化进行规划,并在各过渡插补点处使用对应的过渡速度倍率来对设备的实际运动进行插补,可以实现设备实际运动的速度/速度倍率的平稳变化,从而进一步防止速度跳变对设备的运动控制系统造成的不利影响。
请参阅图5,图5示出了本申请设备运动控制方法一实施例的流程示意图。该方法包括:
S301:获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹。
S302:接收速度变更指令,其中包括目标速度倍率。
S303:根据目标速度倍率,对设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例地拉伸或压缩,从而得到变更后的规划轨迹。
本实施例中不引入虚拟插补间隔来进行插补运算,而是根据目标速度倍率对设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例地拉伸或压缩。若目标速度倍率小于1,即期望减小速度倍率,那么对初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴(从接受到速度变更指令的时刻起)进行压缩,压缩后的时间轴长度与原时间轴长度的比等于目标速度倍率。若目标速度倍率大于1,即期望增加速度倍率,那么对初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴(从接受到速度变更指令的时刻起)进行拉伸,拉伸后的时间轴长度与原时间轴长度的比等于目标速度倍率。
可以理解,对初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴进行拉伸/压缩是以函数图形的方式来描述该过程,若以函数本身来说明,可以解释为,若原函数为x=f(t),那么将原函数的时间轴压缩为原来的0.7倍等同于将原函数变更为x=f(0.7t),将原函数的时间轴拉伸为原来的1.5倍等同于将原函数变更为x=f(1.5t)。
S304:在一个或多个插补点处,根据变更后规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。
在本实施例中,在各插补点处,既不使用实际插补间隔直接进行插补运算,也不引入虚拟插补间隔进行插补运算,而是使用步骤S303中得到的变更后规划轨迹并按照实际插补间隔进行插补运算,从而得到设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。以实际插补间隔为1ms为例。各插补点之间的间隔为1ms(如前述,对应实际插补间隔),在每个插补点处,在变更后规划轨迹上寻找对应当前插补点1ms后的点,即可确定设备下一插补点(即1ms后)应当到达的位置。以时间轴被拉伸为原来的2倍(对应速度倍率=2的情况)为例,在变更后规划轨迹上,对应设备原来2ms时间内移动的距离,现在由于时间轴被拉伸只需要1ms就可以完成,这样一来就实现了对设备速度倍率的增加,反之亦然。
本实施例根据接收的速度变更指令中的目标速度倍率,可以对设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例的拉伸或压缩,从而得到变更后规划轨迹,进而可以利用变更后规划轨迹和实际插补间隔来对设备运动速度倍率变更后的实际运动进行插补。也就是说,在设备的速度倍率变更后,只要将设备的初始运 动的规划轨迹的时间轴相应地拉伸或压缩,其就仍然可以被用于速度变更后的运动插补,而无需重新对设备的运动进行规划。因此,本申请可节省设备的运算能力,从而提高设备的性能。
可选地,步骤S304可包括以下步骤:在一个或多个插补点处,获取所述设备的实际运动在当前插补点的位置,并在变更后规划轨迹中找到当前插补点的位置对应的规划参考时刻,然后在变更后规划轨迹上,根据规划参考时刻和实际插补间隔,确定所述设备的实际运动在下一插补点处要到达的位置。
为了方便说明,下面结合图6和图7的例子进行解释,其中图6和图7所示的函数图形并没有本质区别,即它们对应的函数相同。如图6所示,图6中的曲线示出了根据规划的设备初始运动在各时刻应当到达的位置。在这个例子中我们以1ms作为实际插补间隔。在设备的实际运动过程中,首先以与1倍速度倍率进行运动,其对应曲线上的前四个插补点(t=1至t=4)。在此范围的每个插补点处,按照实际插补间隔和原规划轨迹计算下一个插补点处要到达的位置。而在插补点t=4处接收到速度变更指令后,情况与之前不同。在这个例子中假设目标速度倍率为2,那么根据目标速度倍率可以相应地将原规划轨迹的时间轴从t=4起拉伸,且长度变为原来的2倍,得到变更后规划轨迹。在插补点t=4处,首先在变更后规划轨迹上找到当前插补点对应的调整后的规划参考时刻(4ms),然后在变更后规划轨迹上,找到该规划参考时刻加上实际插补间隔后的点,即图中对应调整后的规划参考时刻(横轴)5ms处的点对应的位置(纵轴),该位置就是设备实际运动中下一插补点t=5处要到达的位置。以此类推,就可以在后续插补点t=5、t=6和t=7中分别得出对应的下一插补点t=6、t=7和t=8处设备的实际运动要到达的位置。为方便解释说明,本实施例以在设备的变更后规划轨迹的曲线上找对应点的方法为例进行了说明,本领域的技术人员可以理解,由于曲线和函数有对应关系,上述过程也可以脱离实体曲线图像,而只通过适当地选取和调整函数中的变量来实现相同的效果。
本实施例中目标速度倍率大于1,即期望提升设备的速度的情况。可以理解, 类似的方法也可以应用于目标速度倍率小于1,即期望降低设备的速度的情况。
图6和图7中在插补点t=4之前,设备实际运动的速度倍率等于1,而在插补点t=4及之后,设备的实际运动的速度倍率变为了2,这就造成了设备的速度倍率的跳变,不利于设备的平稳控制。因此,在此基础上还可以对本方案进一步改善。请参阅图8,图8示出了本申请设备运动控制方法另一实施例的流程示意图。该方法包括:
S401:获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹。
S402:接收速度变更指令,其中包括目标速度倍率。S403:获取设备的当前速度、当前速度倍率和设备的最大加速度。
S404:根据当前速度、当前速度倍率和目标速度倍率确定目标速度,并根据当前速度、目标速度和最大加速度确定倍率变化时长。
S405:使用平滑曲线规划倍率变化时长范围内从当前速度倍率变更至目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到过渡速度倍率的规划曲线。
S406:根据倍率变化时长和实际插补间隔,确定一个或多个过渡插补点的数量。
步骤S403至S406与步骤S203至S206类似,在此不再赘述。
S407:在一个或多个过渡插补点处,确定当前过渡插补点在过渡速度倍率的规划曲线上对应的过渡速度倍率,并根据过渡速度倍率对设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例地拉伸或压缩,从而得到过渡规划轨迹,继而根据过渡规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定设备的实际运动中下一过渡插补点要到达的位置。
S408:根据目标速度倍率,对设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例地拉伸或压缩,从而得到变更后的规划轨迹。
S409:在所述过渡插补点后的一个或多个插补点处,根据所述变更后规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置
在步骤S408及步骤S409中,可参考步骤S303及步骤S304,在达到目标 速度倍率后进行过渡插补点后的插补操作。为方便说明,下面结合图9和图10的例子进行解释,其中图9和图10所示的函数图形并没有本质区别,即它们对应的函数相同。如图9所示,图9中的曲线示出了根据规划的设备初始运动在各时刻应当到达的位置。在这个例子中我们以1ms作为实际插补间隔。在设备的实际运动中,首先以与1倍速度倍率进行运动,其对应曲线上的前四个插补点(t=1至t=4)。而在插补点t=4处接收到速度变更指令,此后设备将根据指令改变速度以达到目标速度倍率。在这段过程中,设备的速度倍率按照过渡速度倍率的规划曲线来变化。为了方便理解,在图4的例子中设备的过渡速度倍率的规划曲线是线性的,具体地,该曲线方程可以为M(t)=1+0.2*(t-3)。在过渡插补点t=4处对应的过渡速度倍率为1.2,那么根据过渡速度倍率(=1.2)可知应当将原规划轨迹的时间轴拉伸为1.2倍,也就是说,图6中规划参考时刻4ms至5ms段的坐标轴长度为规划参考时刻3ms至4ms段的坐标轴长度的1.2倍。在插补点t=4处,首先在设备的变更后规划轨迹中找到插补点t=4处的位置对应的规划参考时刻(4ms),然后在变更后规划轨迹上,找到该规划参考时刻加上实际插补间隔后的点,即图中对应调整后的规划参考时刻(横轴)5ms处的点对应的位置(纵轴),该位置就是设备实际运动下一插补点t=5处要到达的位置。接着,在过渡插补点t=5处对应的过渡速度倍率为1.4,那么根据过渡速度倍率(=1.4)可知应当将原规划轨迹的时间轴拉伸为1.4倍,也就是说,图6中规划参考时刻5ms至6ms段的坐标轴长度为规划参考时刻3ms至4ms段的坐标轴长度的1.4倍。重复上述计算过程,就可以得到下一插补点t=6处要到达的位置,以此类推,直到设备的实际运动的速度倍率达到目标速度倍率。
通过对设备实际运动的速度倍率由当前速度倍率变更至目标速度倍率的这段过程中设备的速度倍率的变化进行规划,并在各过渡插补点处使用对应的过渡速度倍率来对设备的实际运动进行插补,可以实现设备实际运动的速度/速度倍率的平稳变化,从而防止速度跳变对设备的运动控制系统造成的不利影响。
可选地,上述任意实施例中设备接收到的速度变更指令可以为设备停止运 动的指令,对应的,速度变更指令中包括的目标速度倍率等于零。在这种情况下,仍可按照上述任意实施例的设备运动控制方法将设备实际运动的速度倍率调整为目标速度倍率——零,从而实现使设备的运动停止。若要使设备重新开始运动,则只要再向设备发送新的速度变更指令,将目标速度倍率调整为所需的目标速度倍率即可。
可选地,设备的初始运动的规划轨迹可以是根据T型(梯形)速度规划确定的。具体地,可根据设备的初始运动的起点速度、稳态速度、终点速度和运动曲线长度,以及设备的最大加速度和/或最大减速度,确定设备的初始运动的规划轨迹。
例如,T型曲线加减速规划一共分为3个时间段:匀加速,匀速和匀减速阶段。这三个时间段的时间长度分别记作T 1~T 3,每个时间段的曲线长度为l 1~l 3,每个时间段末点时间记作t 1~t 3。其中加速度最大值a max及最大减速度d max由机床电机参数决定。另外,用户指定曲线的初速度f s,稳态速度f,终点速度f e以及曲线长度L。这样根据这些条件,计算T 1~T 3的值,即可完成T型曲线加减速规划。于是有:
f-f s=aT 1
f-f e=dT 3
Figure PCTCN2018114915-appb-000002
l 2=fT 2
Figure PCTCN2018114915-appb-000003
l 1+l 2+l 3=L
其中,0<a≤a max且0<d≤d max,为保证效率,可以取a=a max且d=d max,那么可以计算得到T 1~T 3和l 1~l 3
Figure PCTCN2018114915-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2018114915-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2018114915-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2018114915-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2018114915-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2018114915-appb-000009
由此可见,只要用户给出起点速度、稳态速度、终点速度和运动曲线长度,以及设备的最大加速度和/或最大减速度,就可以确定设备的初始运动的规划,包括规划的轨迹、速度和加速度等。
请参阅图11,图11是本发明提供的设备一实施例的结构示意图。该设备500包括通信总线501、控制器502和存储器503。控制器502和存储器503通过通信总线501耦接。
其中,存储器503保存有程序数据,程序数据可被控制器502加载并执行上述任意实施例中的设备运动控制方法。可以理解地,在其它一些实施例中,存储器503可以不同控制器502设置于同一实体装置中,而是通过将设备500结合网络来执行上述任一实施例的方法。
上述实施例所述功能如果以软件形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可存储在一个具有存储功能的装置中,即,本发明还提供一种存储有程序的存储装置。存储装置中程序数据能够被执行以实现上述实施例中的设备运动控制方法,该存储装置包括但不限于U盘、光盘、服务器或者硬盘等。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施方式,并非因此限制本申请的专利范围,凡是利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
    获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹;
    接收速度变更指令,所述速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率;
    根据所述目标速度倍率和实际插补间隔计算得到虚拟插补间隔;以及
    在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述虚拟插补间隔和所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,所述在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述虚拟插补间隔和所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置的步骤包括:
    在所述一个或多个插补点处,获取所述设备的实际运动在当前插补点的位置,并在所述初始运动的规划轨迹中找到所述当前插补点的位置对应的规划参考时刻;
    在所述初始运动的规划轨迹上,根据所述规划参考时刻和所述虚拟插补间隔,确定所述设备的实际运动在下一插补点处要达到的位置。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,
    在所述根据所述目标速度倍率和实际插补间隔计算得到虚拟插补间隔的步骤前,还包括:
    获取所述设备的当前速度、当前速度倍率和所述设备的最大加速度;
    根据所述当前速度、所述当前速度倍率和所述目标速度倍率确定目标速度,并根据所述当前速度、所述目标速度和所述最大加速度确定倍率变化时长;
    使用平滑曲线规划所述倍率变化时长范围内从所述当前速度倍率变更至所述目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到所述过渡速度倍率的规划曲线;
    在一个或多个过渡插补点处,确定当前过渡插补点在所述过渡速度倍率的 规划曲线上对应的过渡速度倍率,并根据所述过渡速度倍率和所述实际插补间隔计算得到虚拟过渡插补间隔,继而根据所述虚拟过渡插补间隔和所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹确定所述设备的实际运动中下一过渡插补点要到达的位置,其中,所述过渡插补点为设备的运动速度倍率由当前速度倍率变化至目标速度倍率的过程中的插补点;
    所述在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述虚拟插补间隔和所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹确定对所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置,为:在所述过渡插补点后的一个或多个插补点处,根据所述虚拟插补间隔和所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹确定对所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,在所述使用平滑曲线规划所述倍率变化时长范围内从所述当前速度倍率变更至所述目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到所述过渡速度倍率的规划曲线的步骤之后,还包括:
    根据所述倍率变化时长和所述实际插补间隔,确定所述一个或多个过渡插补点的数量。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,所述使用平滑曲线规划所述倍率变化时长范围内从所述当前速度倍率变更至所述目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到所述过渡速度倍率的规划曲线的步骤包括:
    使用三次多项式曲线规划所述倍率变化时长范围内从所述当前速度倍率变更至所述目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到所述过渡速度倍率的三次多项式规划曲线。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,所述速度变更指令为设备停止运动的指令,且所述速度变更指令包括的所述目标速度倍率等于零。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,在所述获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的步骤之前,还包括:
    按照T型速度规划确定所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,所述按照T型速度规划确定所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹的步骤包括:
    根据所述设备的所述初始运动的起点速度、稳态速度、终点速度、和运动曲线长度,以及所述设备的最大加速度和最大减速度,确定所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹。
  9. 一种设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
    获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹;
    接收速度变更指令,所述速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率;
    根据所述目标速度倍率,对所述设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例地拉伸或者压缩,从而得到变更后规划轨迹;以及
    在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述变更后规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,所述在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述变更后规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置的步骤包括:
    在所述一个或多个插补点处,获取所述设备的实际运动在当前插补点的位置,并在所述变更后规划轨迹中找到当前插补点的位置对应的规划参考时刻;
    在所述变更后规划轨迹上,根据所述规划参考时刻和所述实际插补间隔,确定所述设备的实际运动在下一插补点处要到达的位置。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,在所述根据所述目标速度倍率,对所述设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例地拉伸或者压缩,从而得到变更后规划轨迹的步骤前,还包括:
    获取所述设备的当前速度、当前速度倍率和所述设备的最大加速度;
    根据所述当前速度、所述当前速度倍率和所述目标速度倍率确定目标速度,并根据所述当前速度、所述目标速度和所述最大加速度确定倍率变化时长;
    使用平滑曲线规划所述倍率变化时长范围内从所述当前速度倍率变更至所述目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到所述过渡速度倍率的规划曲线;
    在一个或多个过渡插补点处,确定当前过渡插补点在所述过渡速度倍率的规划曲线上对应的过渡速度倍率,并根据所述过渡速度倍率对所述设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例地拉伸或者压缩,从而得到过渡规划轨迹,继而根据所述过渡规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定所述设备的实际运动中下一过渡插补点要到达的位置,其中,所述过渡插补点为设备的运动速度倍率由当前速度倍率变化至目标速度倍率的过程中的插补点;
    所述在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述变更后规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置,为:在所述过渡插补点后的一个或多个插补点处,根据所述变更后规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,在所述使用平滑曲线规划所述倍率变化时长范围内从所述当前速度倍率变更至所述目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到所述过渡速度倍率的规划曲线的步骤之后,还包括:
    根据所述倍率变化时长和所述实际插补间隔,确定所述一个或多个过渡插补点的数量。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,所述使用平滑曲线规划所述倍率变化时长范围内从所述当前速度倍率变更至所述目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到所述过渡速度倍率的规划曲线的步骤包括:
    使用三次多项式曲线规划所述倍率变化时长范围内从所述当前速度倍率变 更至所述目标速度倍率的过渡速度倍率的变化过程,从而得到所述过渡速度倍率的三次多项式规划曲线。
  14. 如权利要求9所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,所述速度变更指令为设备停止运动的指令,且所述速度变更指令包括的所述目标速度倍率等于零。
  15. 如权利要求9所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,在所述获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的步骤之前,还包括:
    按照T型速度规划确定所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的设备运动控制方法,其特征在于,所述按照T型速度规划确定所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹的步骤包括:
    根据所述设备的所述初始运动的起点速度、稳态速度、终点速度、当前速度倍率、和运动曲线长度,以及所述设备的最大加速度和最大减速度,确定所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹。
  17. 一种设备,其特征在于,包括控制器,所述控制器可加载程序指令并执行一种设备运动控制方法,所述方法包括:
    获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹;
    接收速度变更指令,所述速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率;
    根据所述目标速度倍率和实际插补间隔计算得到虚拟插补间隔;以及
    在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述虚拟插补间隔和所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。
  18. 一种设备,其特征在于,包括控制器,所述控制器可加载程序指令并执行一种设备运动控制方法,所述方法包括:
    获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹;
    接收速度变更指令,所述速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率;
    根据所述目标速度倍率,对所述设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例地拉伸或者压缩,从而得到变更后规划轨迹;以及
    在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述变更后规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。
  19. 一种具有存储功能的装置,其特征在于,存储有程序指令,所述程序指令可被加载并执行一种设备运动控制方法,所述方法包括:
    获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹;
    接收速度变更指令,所述速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率;
    根据所述目标速度倍率和实际插补间隔计算得到虚拟插补间隔;以及
    在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述虚拟插补间隔和所述设备的所述初始运动的规划轨迹确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。
  20. 一种具有存储功能的装置,其特征在于,存储有程序指令,所述程序指令可被加载并执行一种设备运动控制方法,所述方法包括:
    获取设备的初始运动的规划轨迹;
    接收速度变更指令,所述速度变更指令包括目标速度倍率;
    根据所述目标速度倍率,对所述设备的初始运动的规划轨迹的时间轴成比例地拉伸或者压缩,从而得到变更后规划轨迹;以及
    在一个或多个插补点处,根据所述变更后规划轨迹和实际插补间隔确定所述设备的实际运动中下一插补点要到达的位置。
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