WO2020093367A1 - 一条具有防结垢功能的提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线 - Google Patents

一条具有防结垢功能的提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020093367A1
WO2020093367A1 PCT/CN2018/114818 CN2018114818W WO2020093367A1 WO 2020093367 A1 WO2020093367 A1 WO 2020093367A1 CN 2018114818 W CN2018114818 W CN 2018114818W WO 2020093367 A1 WO2020093367 A1 WO 2020093367A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
production line
iron removal
cylinder
reaction device
removal reaction
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PCT/CN2018/114818
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘玉强
沙滨
李维舟
田忠元
陈小林
杨松林
秦为涛
黄海丽
马海青
贺来荣
马永刚
杜昊
王少华
王多江
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金川集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 金川集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 金川集团股份有限公司
Publication of WO2020093367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020093367A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/02—Apparatus therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0407—Leaching processes
    • C22B23/0415—Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of hydrometallurgical technology of laterite ore, in particular to a production line for extracting nickel and cobalt from laterite nickel ore with anti-scaling function.
  • the invention mainly relates to chemical equipment.
  • the production line for extracting nickel and cobalt in laterite nickel ore includes a device for acid leaching laterite nickel ore, an iron removal reaction device and a liquid heat exchanger after iron removal. Under the violent reaction of high temperature and strong acid, the reactor is prone to fouling.
  • the existing leaching reactor reacts violently with acid leaching at high temperature, and it is easy to form scales at the bottom of the tank, valves, stirring and other parts, resulting in shutdown and maintenance and damage to the equipment;
  • the iron removal reactor is a static compartment type horizontal reactor. It is easy to form scales in the compartment and the liquid discharge position, and production must be stopped for descaling and maintenance.
  • the operation cost is high and the production efficiency is low; the treatment of the liquid after iron removal is through a multi-stage flash evaporation system, its defect is that the heat loss is huge, the flash The steam valve is easy to be fouled and damaged, replaced frequently, and the cost of spare parts is high.
  • the general pipeline flow rate design is unreasonable and the scale in the pipeline is serious, which seriously affects the continuous and stable operation of the atmospheric pressure leaching and pressurized iron removal system.
  • the present invention reduces the problem of scaling in the equipment on the production line for extracting nickel and cobalt from laterite nickel ore by changing the internal structure of the equipment and controlling the flow rate of the pipeline, thereby continuously running production, improving production efficiency, and reducing Operating and maintenance costs.
  • a production line for extracting nickel and cobalt from laterite nickel ore with anti-scaling characteristics characterized in that the production line includes a device for acid leaching laterite nickel ore, an iron removal reaction device and a heat exchanger; the acid leaching laterite nickel ore
  • the device includes a vertical reaction tank (1) and a horizontal reactor (2).
  • the vertical reaction tank (1) is installed at a position near one end of the horizontal reactor (2).
  • a material output pipe (3) is connected to the other end of the reactor (2), a feeding port is provided on the upper part of the vertical reaction tank (1), and a first stirring mechanism is provided on the vertical reaction tank (1),
  • the horizontal reactor (2) is provided with a second stirring mechanism; both the iron removal reaction device and the heat exchanger include a support mechanism, a cylinder that can rotate on the support mechanism, and a drive mechanism that drives the cylinder to rotate ,
  • the inner wall of the barrel (10) of the iron removal reaction device is provided with a plurality of partitions (11);
  • the barrel of the heat exchanger includes an outer shell (14) and an inner part located inside the outer shell (14)
  • a cylindrical body (15) is provided with a perforated baffle plate (16) at positions close to both ends of the inner cylindrical body (15), and the inner cylindrical body (15) is provided with a circle along the axial direction
  • a plurality of distributed heat exchange tubes (17), the heat exchange tubes (17) are supported by the perforated partition (16); installed between the outer shell (14) and the inner cylinder (15)
  • the first stirring mechanism includes a first speed regulating motor (4) and a vertical stirring column (5); the first speed regulating motor (4) is installed in the vertical reaction The top of the tank (1), the vertical stirring column (5) is located inside the vertical reaction tank (1) and is connected to the first speed-regulating motor (4); the second stirring mechanism includes a second Speed motor (6) and horizontal stirring column (7); the second speed regulating motor (6) is located at one end of the horizontal reactor (2) and close to the vertical reaction tank (1), the A horizontal stirring column (7) is located inside the horizontal reactor (2) and is connected to the second speed regulating motor (6), the surface of the vertical stirring column (5) and the horizontal stirring column (7) 7) Spiral blades are installed on the surface.
  • the horizontal stirring column (7) is supported by a first bearing bracket (8) and a second bearing bracket (9), the first bearing bracket (8) and the second Bearing brackets (9) are located at both ends of the horizontal reactor (2).
  • the surface of the horizontal stirring column (7) is provided with two spiral blades with opposite curved surfaces.
  • a splitter plate (12) is provided at a position close to the feed port of the iron removal reaction device, the splitter plate (12) ) Is welded to the inner wall of the barrel (10) of the iron removal reaction device, and the shunt plate (12) is provided with a plurality of through holes; the inner wall of the barrel (10) of the iron removal reaction device is near the iron removal
  • the position of the discharge port of the reaction device is provided with a first spiral copy board (13).
  • the manifold plate (12) is a hollow conical cylindrical body, a plurality of through holes are provided on the side wall of the hollow conical cylindrical body, the large opening of the hollow conical cylindrical body The end faces the outlet of the iron removal reaction device.
  • the perforated separator (16) is provided with a plurality of holes and the hole diameter is smaller than the diameter of the porcelain ball (19); the central part of the perforated separator (16) is provided with an opening Closed manhole.
  • the support plate (20) is welded inside the inner cylinder (15), the support plate (20) is provided with a through hole in the middle, and the remaining parts are provided with a plurality of holes and apertures It is smaller than the diameter of the porcelain ball (19); the support plate (20) and the inner cylindrical body (15) are provided with semi-circular holes in the welding part.
  • the outer shell (14) is provided with a second spiral copy board (21) on the inner walls near both ends.
  • a plurality of ring plates (22) are provided between the inner cylinder (15) and the outer shell (14), and the ring plates (22) are provided with a plurality of holes and The pore diameter is smaller than the diameter of the porcelain ball (19).
  • the present invention makes the interior of the equipment less prone to fouling through the special design of the internal structure of the main equipment and the rational design of the pipeline flow rate, thus making the production run continuously and extremely
  • the earth improves the production efficiency, the loss of spare parts is greatly reduced, and the operation and maintenance costs are greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for acid leaching laterite nickel ore in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an iron removal reaction device in the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchanger in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the supporting mechanism in the present invention.
  • a production line for extracting nickel and cobalt from laterite nickel ore with anti-scaling function of the present invention includes a device for acid leaching laterite nickel ore, an iron removal reaction device and a heat exchanger; see FIG.
  • the vertical reaction tank 1 and the horizontal reactor 2 are installed at a position near one end of the horizontal reactor 2 and a material output pipe 3 is connected at a position near the other end of the horizontal reactor 2, the vertical reaction
  • the upper part of the tank 1 is provided with two feed ports.
  • the two feed ports of the vertical reaction tank 1 are respectively connected to the acid solution pipeline 27 and the slurry pipeline 28.
  • the vertical reaction tank 1 is provided with a first stirring mechanism and a horizontal reactor 2 There is a second stirring mechanism inside; the first stirring mechanism includes a first speed regulating motor 4 and a vertical stirring column 5; the first speed regulating motor 4 is installed on the top of the vertical reaction tank 1, and the vertical stirring column 5 is located in the vertical
  • the inside of the reaction tank 1 is connected to the first speed regulating motor 4; the second stirring mechanism includes a second speed regulating motor 6 and a horizontal stirring column 7; the second speed regulating motor 6 is located at one end of the horizontal reactor 2 and is close to the vertical
  • the reaction tank 1 and the horizontal stirring column 7 are located inside the horizontal reactor 2 and are Connected to the motor 6, the vertical and horizontal agitated column 5 surface are agitated column 7 is attached to the surface of the helical blade, preferably, horizontal stirring rod installation surface 7 has two opposite curved direction of the spiral blade.
  • the horizontal stirring column 7 is supported by the first bearing bracket 8 and the second bearing bracket 9, the first bearing bracket 8 and the second bearing bracket 9 are located at both ends of the horizontal reactor 2, the first bearing bracket 8 and the second bearing bracket 9 On the one hand, it is used to support the horizontal stirring column 7; on the other hand, it blocks the material in the horizontal reactor 2 to prevent the material from seeping out.
  • the first speed-adjusting motor 4 drives the vertical stirring column 5 to rotate at a high speed to disperse the acid liquid and the slurry uniformly and make it Falling vertically into the horizontal reactor 2, the two spiral blades installed on the surface of the horizontal stirring column 7 have opposite curved surfaces, which can achieve the following effects: one is to intensify the reaction speed, and the other is to quickly screw the acid and slurry to the horizontal
  • the reactor 2 is outside without fouling.
  • the vertical reactor 1 and the horizontal reactor 2 are made of modified DS alloy.
  • the modified DS alloy itself has the characteristics of not adhering to the laterite nickel ore acid leaching solution.
  • the iron removal reaction device includes a support mechanism, a barrel 10 of the iron removal reaction device capable of rotating on the support mechanism, and a driving mechanism that drives the rotation of the barrel 10 of the iron removal reaction device.
  • a plurality of partitions 11 are provided on the inner wall of the cylinder 10, preferably, the partitions 11 are rectangular plates. Both ends of the barrel 10 of the iron removal reaction device are provided with a feed inlet and a discharge outlet.
  • the support mechanism includes a plurality of roller rings 23 and a plurality of roller ring brackets 24. The roller ring 23 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the cylinder 10 of the iron removal reaction device.
  • the roller ring bracket 24 is provided with two roller wheels, two roller wheels and rollers
  • a shunt plate 12 is provided inside the barrel 10 of the iron removal reaction device near the feed port, the shunt plate 12 is welded to the inner wall of the barrel 10 of the iron removal reaction device, and the shunt plate 12 is provided with a plurality of through holes;
  • the splitter plate 12 is a hollow conical cylinder, and the side wall of the hollow conical cylinder is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the large end of the hollow conical cylinder faces the discharge port of the cylinder 10 of the iron removal reaction device ;
  • the number of shunt plates 12 is two.
  • the inner wall of the cylinder body 10 of the iron removal reaction device is provided with a first spiral plate 13 at a position close to the discharge port.
  • the driving mechanism includes a ring gear 25 and a motor 26.
  • the ring gear 25 is welded to the outside of the barrel 10 of the iron removal reaction device, and the motor 26 is connected to the ring gear 25.
  • the barrel 10 of the iron removal reaction device rotates under high temperature, high pressure, and strong acid through the driving mechanism.
  • the slurry enters the barrel 10 of the iron removal reaction device, the slurry is evenly dispersed by the action of the two-layer splitter plate 12
  • the cross section of the cylinder 10 of the iron removal reaction device, the slurry moves forward along the cylinder 10 of the iron removal reaction device under high pressure, and the role of the plurality of separators 11 passing through the inner wall of the cylinder 10 of the iron removal reaction device is constantly changing
  • the direction of the slurry movement distributes the slurry on the cylinder section of the cylinder 10 of the iron removal reaction device to prevent the scale formed by the reaction from sticking to the cylinder wall.
  • the slurry reaches the outlet end, it passes through the first spiral
  • the function of the plate 13 is to rotate and accumulate the accumulated slurry out of the reactor in time to prevent scaling.
  • the heat exchanger includes a support mechanism, a heat exchanger barrel that can rotate on the support mechanism, and a drive mechanism that drives the heat exchanger barrel to rotate.
  • the heat exchanger barrel includes an outer shell 14 and a The inner cylinder 15 inside the outer casing 14; the outer casing 14 is the main pressure-bearing component, carrying the internal pressure and the weight of the entire device.
  • the outer shell 14 is provided with a second spiral copying plate 21 on the inner wall near both ends, and the second spiral copying plate 21 is evenly distributed for discharging the material deposited inside the inner cylinder 15.
  • the components and working principles of the supporting mechanism and driving mechanism of the heat exchanger are the same as the supporting mechanism and driving mechanism of the iron removal reaction device described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the two ends of the heat exchanger barrel are provided with a feed port and a discharge port, the heat exchanger barrel feed port is used to introduce a relatively high temperature reaction material, and the heat exchanger barrel discharge port is used to lead out the inner barrel 15 Reaction materials with relatively high temperature after internal heat exchange.
  • the heat exchange jacket 18 is installed between the outer shell 14 and the inner cylinder 15, and the heat exchange jacket 18 is provided with a discharge pipe and a feed pipe near the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger barrel
  • the number of the discharge pipe and the feed pipe of the heat exchange jacket 18 are two; the discharge pipe of the heat exchange pipe 17 is provided near the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger barrel
  • the two ends of the heat exchange tube 17 and the feed tube are connected to the discharge tube and the feed tube of the heat exchange tube 17 through the ring tube 29, respectively.
  • the feed pipe of the heat exchange jacket 18 is used to introduce a material with a relatively low temperature, and the material is discharged from the discharge pipe of the heat exchange jacket 18 after the heat exchange through the heat exchange jacket 18 is completed.
  • the feed tube of the heat exchange tube 17 is used to introduce another material with a relatively low temperature, and the material is discharged from the discharge tube of the heat exchange tube 17 after the heat exchange through the heat exchange tube 17 is completed.
  • a plurality of porcelain balls 19 are placed inside the inner cylinder 15 and inside the heat exchange jacket 18, and the porcelain balls 19 are located between the support plates 20 and the ring plates 22, respectively.
  • the perforated separator 16 is provided with a plurality of holes and the hole diameter is smaller than the diameter of the porcelain ball 19, and a manhole capable of opening and closing is provided in the middle of the perforated separator 16; a plurality of support plates 20 are welded inside the inner cylinder 15 at regular intervals Placed at a distance, the middle of the support plate 20 is provided with a through hole for later access to internal maintenance and replacement parts; the rest of the support plate 20 is provided with multiple holes and the aperture is smaller than the diameter of the porcelain ball 19; the support plate 20 is welded inside the inner cylinder 15 A semi-circular hole is opened at the part to prevent the material from accumulating dead corners.
  • a plurality of ring plates 22 are provided between the inner cylindrical body 15 and the outer shell 14. The ring plates 22 are provided with a plurality of holes and the hole diameter is smaller than the diameter of the porcelain ball 19.
  • the heat exchanger rotates at a speed of 4r / min-5r / min under the action of the driving mechanism, and quickly transfers the heat energy to the relatively low temperature two entering the countercurrent.
  • This kind of material ensures that the heat energy is fully recycled, and at the same time, a plurality of porcelain balls 19 placed between the support plates 20 and the ring plates 22 are frictionally rubbed to remove the scale inside the inner cylinder 15 and the heat exchange jacket 18
  • the second spiral plate 21 close to the discharge port of the heat exchanger barrel will promptly rotate the accumulated reaction materials with relatively high temperature after heat exchange to rotate out of the heat exchanger to prevent scale formation.

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Abstract

一条具有防结垢功能的提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线，包括酸浸红土镍矿的装置、除铁反应装置和换热器；酸浸红土镍矿的装置包括卧式反应器（2）和在靠近卧式反应器（2）一端的位置安装的立式反应罐（1），立式反应罐（1）和卧式反应器（2）均设有搅拌机构；除铁反应装置和换热器均包括支撑机构、能够在支撑机构上旋转的筒体及驱动筒体旋转的驱动机构，除铁反应装置的筒体（10）内壁设有多个隔板（11）；换热器在筒体内部放置多个瓷球（19）。

Description

一条具有防结垢功能的提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线 技术领域
本发明涉及红土矿湿法冶金工艺技术领域，具体涉及一条具有防结垢功能的提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线。
背景技术
本发明主要涉及化工设备，用于提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线中包括酸浸红土镍矿的装置、除铁反应装置和除铁后液换热器，在酸浸和除铁工序的高温、强酸等剧烈反应作用下，反应器容易结垢。现有的浸出反应器由于酸浸的高温剧烈反应，容易在罐体底部、阀门、搅拌等部位结垢，造成停产检修和损坏设备；除铁反应器是静止的隔舱式卧式反应器，容易在隔舱和出液位置形成结垢，必须停产除垢和检修，运行成本高，生产效率低；除铁后液的处理是通过多级闪蒸系统，它的缺陷就是热能损耗巨大，闪蒸阀处容易结垢而损坏，更换频繁，备件成本高。在现有生产线中，一般管道流速设计不合理、管道内结垢严重，严重影响常压浸出及加压除铁系统连续稳定运行。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明通过改变设备内部结构、控制管道流速减少提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线上设备内部结垢的问题，从而使生产连续运行、提高生产效率、降低运行和检修成本。
本发明主要采用以下技术方案：
一条具有防结垢功能的提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线，其特征在于，所述生产线包括酸浸红土镍矿的装置、除铁反应装置和换热器；所述酸浸红土镍矿的装置包括立式反应罐(1)和卧式反应器(2)，在靠近所述卧式反应器(2)一端的位置安装所述立式反应罐(1)、在靠近所述卧式反应器(2)另一端的位置连接有物料输出管(3)，所述立式反应罐(1)上部设有进料口，所述立式反应罐(1)设有第一搅拌机构，所述卧式反应器(2)设有第二搅拌机构；所述除铁反应装置和所述换热器均包括支撑机构、能够在支撑机构上旋转的筒体及驱动筒体旋转的驱动机构，所述除铁反应装置的筒体(10)内壁设有多个隔板(11)；所述换热器的筒体包括外壳体(14)和位于所述外壳体(14)内部的内筒体(15)，在靠近所述内筒体(15)两端的位置分别设有带孔隔板(16)，所述内筒体(15)内部沿 轴向设有呈圆周分布的多个换热管(17)，所述换热管(17)通过所述带孔隔板(16)支撑；所述外壳体(14)和所述内筒体(15)之间安装有换热夹套(18)，所述内筒体(15)内部与所述换热夹套(18)内部均放置多个瓷球(19)；所述除铁反应装置的筒体两端、所述换热器的筒体两端、所述换热管(17)的两端、所述换热夹套(18)的两端均设有进料口和出料口。
根据上述的生产线，其特征在于，所述第一搅拌机构包括第一调速电机(4)和立式搅拌柱(5)；所述第一调速电机(4)安装于所述立式反应罐(1)顶部，所述立式搅拌柱(5)位于所述立式反应罐(1)内部且与所述第一调速电机(4)连接；所述第二搅拌机构包括第二调速电机(6)和卧式搅拌柱(7)；所述第二调速电机(6)位于所述卧式反应器(2)的一端且靠近所述立式反应罐(1)，所述卧式搅拌柱(7)位于所述卧式反应器(2)内部且与所述第二调速电机(6)连接，所述立式搅拌柱(5)表面和所述卧式搅拌柱(7)表面均安装有螺旋叶片。
根据上述的生产线，其特征在于，所述卧式搅拌柱(7)通过第一轴承支架(8)和第二轴承支架(9)支撑，所述第一轴承支架(8)和所述第二轴承支架(9)位于所述卧式反应器(2)两端。
根据上述的生产线，其特征在于，所述卧式搅拌柱(7)表面安装有两条曲面方向相反的螺旋叶片。
根据上述的生产线，其特征在于，所述除铁反应装置的筒体(10)内部在靠近所述除铁反应装置的进料口的位置设有分流板(12)，所述分流板(12)与所述除铁反应装置的筒体(10)内壁焊接，所述分流板(12)设有多个通孔；所述除铁反应装置的筒体(10)内壁在靠近所述除铁反应装置的出料口的位置设有第一螺旋抄板(13)。
根据上述的生产线，其特征在于，所述分流板(12)为中空圆锥形筒体，所述中空圆锥形筒体的侧壁上设有多个通孔，所述中空圆锥形筒体的大口端朝向所述除铁反应装置的出料口。
根据上述的生产线，其特征在于，所述带孔隔板(16)设有多个孔且孔径小于所述瓷球(19)的直径；所述带孔隔板(16)中部设有能启闭的人孔。
根据上述的生产线，其特征在于，所述内筒体(15)内部焊接有多个支撑板(20)，所述支撑板(20)中部设有通孔、其余部位设有多个孔且孔径小于所述瓷球(19)的直径；所述支撑板(20)与所述内筒体(15)内部焊接部位开半圆孔。
根据上述的生产线，其特征在于，所述外壳体(14)在靠近两端的内壁上设有第二螺旋抄板(21)。
根据上述的生产线，其特征在于，所述内筒体(15)与所述外壳体(14)之间设有多个环板(22)，所述环板(22)设有多个孔且孔径小于所述瓷球(19)的直径。
本发明的有益效果：提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线中，本发明通过对主要设备内部结构的特殊设计、管道流速的合理设计，使设备内部不易结垢，从而使生产连续运行，极大地提高了生产效率、备件损耗大幅度降低，运行和检修成本大大降低。
附图说明
图1为本发明中酸浸红土镍矿的装置结构示意图；
图2为本发明中除铁反应装置结构示意图；
图3为本发明中换热器结构示意图；
图4为本发明中支撑机构的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的一条具有防结垢功能的提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线包括酸浸红土镍矿的装置、除铁反应装置和换热器；参见图1，酸浸红土镍矿的装置包括立式反应罐1和卧式反应器2，在靠近卧式反应器2一端的位置安装立式反应罐1、在靠近卧式反应器2另一端的位置连接有物料输出管3，立式反应罐1上部设有两个进料口，立式反应罐1的两个进料口分别连接酸溶液管道27和矿浆管道28，立式反应罐1内部设有第一搅拌机构，卧式反应器2内部设有第二搅拌机构；第一搅拌机构包括第一调速电机4和立式搅拌柱5；第一调速电机4安装于立式反应罐1顶部，立式搅拌柱5位于立式反应罐1内部且与第一调速电机4连接；第二搅拌机构包括第二调速电机6和卧式搅拌柱7；第二调速电机6位于卧式反应器2的一端且靠近立式反应罐1，卧式搅拌柱7位于卧式反应器2内部且与第二调速电机6连接，立式搅拌柱5表面和卧式搅拌柱7表面均安装有螺旋叶片，优选的，卧式搅拌柱7表面安装有两条曲面方向相反的螺旋叶片。卧式搅拌柱7通过第一轴承支架8和第二轴承支架9支撑，第一轴承支架8和第二轴承支架9位于卧式反应器2两端，第一轴承支架8和第二轴承支架9一方面用于支撑卧式搅拌柱7，另一方面阻隔卧式反应器2内的物料，防止物料渗出。
工作过程中，酸液和浆液分别通过酸溶液管道27和矿浆管道28进入立式反应罐1，第一调速电机4带动立式搅拌柱5高速旋转，将酸液和浆液分散均匀并使其垂直 下落至卧式反应器2中，卧式搅拌柱7表面安装的两条螺旋叶片曲面方向相反，可以达到如下效果：一是加剧反应速度，二是快速将酸液和浆液螺旋输送至卧式反应器2外而不至于结垢。同时，通过合理选择酸液和浆液的进口流速使反应器具有不结垢特性。立式反应罐1和卧式反应器2采用改性DS合金制成，改性DS合金本身具有不粘接红土镍矿酸浸液的特点。
参见图2和图4，除铁反应装置包括支撑机构、能够在支撑机构上旋转的除铁反应装置的筒体10及驱动除铁反应装置的筒体10旋转的驱动机构，除铁反应装置的筒体10内壁设有多个隔板11，优选的，隔板11为矩形板。除铁反应装置的筒体10两端设有进料口和出料口。支撑机构包括多个辊圈23和多个辊圈支架24，辊圈23固定套接于除铁反应装置的筒体10外部，辊圈支架24设有2个辊轮，2个辊轮与辊圈23外侧接触，2个辊轮对称分布在辊圈23的纵向中心轴两侧。优选的，除铁反应装置的筒体10内部在靠近进料口的位置设有分流板12，分流板12与除铁反应装置的筒体10内壁焊接，分流板12设有多个通孔；优选的，分流板12为中空圆锥形筒体，中空圆锥形筒体的侧壁上设有多个通孔，中空圆锥形筒体的大口端朝向除铁反应装置的筒体10的出料口；分流板12的数量为两个。除铁反应装置的筒体10内壁在靠近出料口的位置设有第一螺旋抄板13。驱动机构包括齿圈25和电机26，齿圈25焊接于除铁反应装置的筒体10外部，电机26与齿圈25连接。
工作过程中，除铁反应装置的筒体10通过驱动机构在高温、高压、强酸下进行旋转运动，浆液进入除铁反应装置的筒体10时通过两层分流板12的作用使浆液均匀分散在除铁反应装置的筒体10的截面，浆液沿着除铁反应装置的筒体10在高压作用下向前移动，经过除铁反应装置的筒体10内壁的多个隔板11的作用不断改变浆液的运动方向，使浆液分布在除铁反应装置的筒体10的筒体截面上，避免反应生成的结垢物粘于筒壁上，当浆液到达出口端时，通过出口端的第一螺旋抄板13的作用将堆积的浆液及时旋转输送出反应器而防止结垢。
参见图3和图4，换热器均包括支撑机构、能够在支撑机构上旋转的换热器筒体及驱动换热器筒体旋转的驱动机构，换热器筒体包括外壳体14和位于外壳体14内部的内筒体15；外壳体14为主要承压部件，承载内部压力及整个设备重量。优选的，外壳体14在靠近两端的内壁上设有第二螺旋抄板21，第二螺旋抄板21均匀分布，用于导出内筒体15内部沉积的物料。换热器的支撑机构和驱动机构的部件、工作原理均与上 述除铁反应装置的支撑机构和驱动机构相同，此处不再赘述。换热器筒体的两端设有进料口和出料口，换热器筒体进料口用于导入温度相对高的反应物料，换热器筒体出料口用于导出内筒体15内部换热完的温度相对高的反应物料。在靠近内筒体15两端的位置分别设有带孔隔板16，内筒体15内部沿轴向设有呈圆周分布的多个换热管17，换热管17通过带孔隔板16支撑；外壳体14和内筒体15之间安装有换热夹套18，换热夹套18在靠近换热器筒体进料口和出料口的位置分别设有出料管和进料管，优选的，换热夹套18的出料管和进料管的数量均为2个；在靠近换热器筒体进料口和出料口的位置分别设有换热管17的出料管和进料管，换热管17的两端分别通过环管29与换热管17的出料管和进料管相连通。换热夹套18的进料管用于导入温度相对低的一种物料，该物料通过换热夹套18完成换热后从换热夹套18的出料管导出。换热管17的进料管用于导入温度相对低的另一种物料，该物料通过换热管17完成换热后从换热管17的出料管导出。内筒体15内部与换热夹套18内部均放置多个瓷球19，瓷球19分别位于支撑板20之间、环板22之间。带孔隔板16设有多个孔且孔径小于瓷球19的直径，带孔隔板16中部设有能启闭的人孔；内筒体15内部焊接有多个支撑板20，每隔一定距离放置，支撑板20中部设有通孔用于后期进入内部检修更换零部件；支撑板20其余部位设有多个孔且孔径小于瓷球19的直径；支撑板20与内筒体15内部焊接部位开半圆孔，防止物料堆积死角。内筒体15与外壳体14之间设有多个环板22，环板22设有多个孔且孔径小于瓷球19的直径。
工作过程中，温度相对高的反应物料进入换热器后，换热器在驱动机构的作用下以4r/min-5r/min的速度旋转，快速将热能传递给逆流进入的温度相对低的两种物料，保证了热能被充分回收利用，同时，支撑板20之间和环板22之间放置的多个瓷球19滚动摩擦从而去除内筒体15内部与换热夹套18内部的结垢，防止结垢层的积累；靠近换热器筒体出料口的第二螺旋抄板21将堆积的换热后的温度相对高的反应物料及时旋转输送出换热器而防止结垢。

Claims (10)

  1. 一条具有防结垢功能的提取红土镍矿中镍、钴的生产线，其特征在于，所述生产线包括酸浸红土镍矿的装置、除铁反应装置和换热器；所述酸浸红土镍矿的装置包括立式反应罐(1)和卧式反应器(2)，在靠近所述卧式反应器(2)一端的位置安装所述立式反应罐(1)、在靠近所述卧式反应器(2)另一端的位置连接有物料输出管(3)，所述立式反应罐(1)上部设有进料口，所述立式反应罐(1)设有第一搅拌机构，所述卧式反应器(2)设有第二搅拌机构；所述除铁反应装置和所述换热器均包括支撑机构、能够在支撑机构上旋转的筒体及驱动筒体旋转的驱动机构，所述除铁反应装置的筒体(10)内壁设有多个隔板(11)；所述换热器的筒体包括外壳体(14)和位于所述外壳体(14)内部的内筒体(15)，在靠近所述内筒体(15)两端的位置分别设有带孔隔板(16)，所述内筒体(15)内部沿轴向设有呈圆周分布的多个换热管(17)，所述换热管(17)通过所述带孔隔板(16)支撑；所述外壳体(14)和所述内筒体(15)之间安装有换热夹套(18)，所述内筒体(15)内部与所述换热夹套(18)内部均放置多个瓷球(19)；所述除铁反应装置的筒体两端、所述换热器的筒体两端、所述换热管(17)的两端、所述换热夹套(18)的两端均设有进料口和出料口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的生产线，其特征在于，所述第一搅拌机构包括第一调速电机(4)和立式搅拌柱(5)；所述第一调速电机(4)安装于所述立式反应罐(1)顶部，所述立式搅拌柱(5)位于所述立式反应罐(1)内部且与所述第一调速电机(4)连接；所述第二搅拌机构包括第二调速电机(6)和卧式搅拌柱(7)；所述第二调速电机(6)位于所述卧式反应器(2)的一端且靠近所述立式反应罐(1)，所述卧式搅拌柱(7)位于所述卧式反应器(2)内部且与所述第二调速电机(6)连接，所述立式搅拌柱(5)表面和所述卧式搅拌柱(7)表面均安装有螺旋叶片。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的生产线，其特征在于，所述卧式搅拌柱(7)通过第一轴承支架(8)和第二轴承支架(9)支撑，所述第一轴承支架(8)和所述第二轴承支架(9)位于所述卧式反应器(2)两端。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的生产线，其特征在于，所述卧式搅拌柱(7)表面安装有两条曲面方向相反的螺旋叶片。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的生产线，其特征在于，所述除铁反应装置的筒体(10)内部在靠近所述除铁反应装置的进料口的位置设有分流板(12)，所述分流板(12)与所述 除铁反应装置的筒体(10)内壁焊接，所述分流板(12)设有多个通孔；所述除铁反应装置的筒体(10)内壁在靠近所述除铁反应装置的出料口的位置设有第一螺旋抄板(13)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的生产线，其特征在于，所述分流板(12)为中空圆锥形筒体，所述中空圆锥形筒体的侧壁上设有多个通孔，所述中空圆锥形筒体的大口端朝向所述除铁反应装置的出料口。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的生产线，其特征在于，所述带孔隔板(16)设有多个孔且孔径小于所述瓷球(19)的直径；所述带孔隔板(16)中部设有能启闭的人孔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的生产线，其特征在于，所述内筒体(15)内部焊接有多个支撑板(20)，所述支撑板(20)中部设有通孔、其余部位设有多个孔且孔径小于所述瓷球(19)的直径；所述支撑板(20)与所述内筒体(15)内部焊接部位开半圆孔。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的生产线，其特征在于，所述外壳体(14)在靠近两端的内壁上设有第二螺旋抄板(21)。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的生产线，其特征在于，所述内筒体(15)与所述外壳体(14)之间设有多个环板(22)，所述环板(22)设有多个孔且孔径小于所述瓷球(19)的直径。
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