WO2020088554A1 - 钎焊管路接头以及加工方法 - Google Patents

钎焊管路接头以及加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020088554A1
WO2020088554A1 PCT/CN2019/114546 CN2019114546W WO2020088554A1 WO 2020088554 A1 WO2020088554 A1 WO 2020088554A1 CN 2019114546 W CN2019114546 W CN 2019114546W WO 2020088554 A1 WO2020088554 A1 WO 2020088554A1
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Prior art keywords
cannula
brazing
section
primary
flared section
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PCT/CN2019/114546
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵越
刘澳
王昕�
汤耀
路顺
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中国海洋大学
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Priority claimed from CN201921833221.1U external-priority patent/CN211305265U/zh
Application filed by 中国海洋大学 filed Critical 中国海洋大学
Publication of WO2020088554A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020088554A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brazing pipeline joint and a processing method, in particular to a pipeline brazing joint adopting a sleeve connection method, by forming a set gap in the brazing area, thereby significantly reducing the penetration of the pipeline brazing joint unbrazed
  • the penetration phenomenon can significantly reduce the leakage rate of the brazed joint.
  • Brazed joints are mainly used in the pipeline connection of refrigeration equipment such as air conditioners and refrigerators. Add refrigerant to the pipeline system of the refrigeration equipment, and the refrigerant will perform a refrigeration cycle in the refrigeration device. Any small amount of leakage will cause the refrigerant inside the system to be lost, which will affect the refrigeration effect of the product and will eventually cause the refrigeration equipment to lose refrigeration. performance. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the compactness of the piping system of the refrigeration equipment, especially the tightness of the brazed pipe joints.
  • the brazing pipeline joints currently used in the refrigeration industry are all socket joints.
  • One end of the pipeline is inserted into the other pipeline.
  • the inserted side is called “casing”, and the inserted side is called “cannula”.
  • the cannula is inserted into the sleeve to form a sleeve joint and then brazed.
  • the pipeline assembly process is a manual operation. In order to avoid the production failure due to the failure of the pipeline, the production tends to choose a larger gap.
  • sleeve joints require gaps.
  • the industry is used to regard the bilateral assembly gap between the cannula and the sleeve as the brazing gap.
  • the assembled sleeve joint is often processed because of processing.
  • Many factors such as manufacturing and assembly cause the gap between the cannula and the sleeve to be unevenly distributed. It is normal for the bilateral gap to be concentrated on one side. This has no effect on the assembly, but it will have a great impact on the brazing process requirements. The gap cannot be guaranteed, and it becomes the key to distinguish between brazing gap and assembly gap in production.
  • brazing process gap that meets the requirements of the brazing process, and has become the focus of everyone's attention.
  • CN105033392A discloses the technical feature of "replacing the cylindrical sleeve structure of the brazed workpiece with a conical sleeve structure", which solves the technical problem of large fluctuations in the gap of the brazing head, but its The assembly gap tends to be minimized, which is not conducive to solving the unclear penetration of small gaps;
  • the first base material tube mouth has a plurality of protruding ridges, and the protruding ridges have an interference fit with the inner hole of the second base material, and the first base material has no protruding edges
  • the technical problem solved is the technical problem of insufficient brazing strength.
  • the assembly gap tends to 0, which is not conducive to solving the small gap of non-brazing ;
  • CN203853641U Application field brazing joint, discloses that "the inner surface of the hole of the mating interface is provided with a plurality of guide faces; the matching brazing piece shaft is inserted into the hole of the mating interface piece, matching the outer surface of the brazing shaft and the guide face "Interference fit", the technical problem solved is to avoid large gaps. This solution cannot avoid small gaps.
  • the assembly gap and the brazing gap are divided in the sleeve joint, and the technical solution that can realize the difference between the assembly gap and the brazing gap is necessary to ensure the brazing pipeline joint and the manufacturing method of the "brazing process gap".
  • the assembly gap refers to the double-sided gap, which affects the ease of pipeline installation.
  • the brazing gap refers to the single-sided gap, which affects the quality of the brazing. Especially the penetration.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the problem of "the brazing gap between the brazing area of the cannula and the sleeve exceeds the process requirements", so as to reduce the probability of occurrence of penetrating non-braking defects in the joint.
  • the present invention provides a brazed pipe joint and a processing method.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a brazed pipeline joint includes a sleeve (1) and a cannula (2) connected with the sleeve (1), one end of the cannula (2) is located inside the end of the sleeve (1) and passes through
  • the positioning mechanism is arranged coaxially with the sleeve (1).
  • the positioning mechanism includes a flared section provided at one end of the sleeve (1).
  • the cannula (2) extends into the inside of the flared section and is The trapezoidal transition section adjacent to the flared section is limited, and the cannula (2) is brazed together with the sleeve (1).
  • the flared section includes a primary flared section (3) and a secondary flared section (4) adjacent to the primary flared section (3), the diameter of the secondary flared section (4) is greater than one
  • the diameter of the flared section (3) is such that the primary flared section (3) and the secondary flared section (4) are arranged stepwise as a whole, and the inner wall of the cannula (2) and the primary flared section (3) are left Assembly gap (3-1), there is a brazing gap (4-1) between the cannula (2) and the inner wall of the secondary flared section (4), the assembly gap forms an assembly area, The brazing gap forms a brazing area.
  • the flared section is a primary flared section (3), and the cannula (2) located inside the primary flared section (3) is provided with a cannulated neck-down section (5), which is )
  • a brazing gap between the primary flared section (3); an assembly gap is formed between the cannula located inside the reduced diameter section of the cannula (5) and the primary flared section (3), and the assembly gap forms an assembly Zone, the brazing gap forms a brazing zone, and the assembly zone is located inside the brazing zone.
  • One end of the cannula inserted into the primary flaring (3) forms a cannulated flared section, and the cannulated flared section is disposed adjacent to the cannulated reduced-diameter section.
  • the length of the assembly area is longer than that of the brazing area, and the transition between the assembly area and the brazing area is smooth.
  • the cannula (2) extending into the casing (1) partially shrinks to form a cannula necking section, and the length of the cannula necking section is greater than the total length of the primary flared section and the secondary flared section.
  • the brazing gap is larger than the assembly gap on the same side as the brazing gap, and the brazing gap ranges from 0.03 to 0.40 mm.
  • the secondary flared section is arranged conically, and the primary flared section and the secondary flared section are arranged coaxially.
  • a processing method for preparing a brazed pipe joint includes the following steps:
  • S1 Processing of cannula: Use a shrinkage die to shrink the cannula.
  • the length of the shrinkage is greater than the depth of the cannula inserted into the sleeve.
  • the shrinkage die is Cr12 cold work die steel with carbon content greater than 0.6%.
  • the roughness of the working part It is Ra0.8-Ra1.6, hardness HRC48-58;
  • the flaring mold is used to perform primary molding of the primary flaring section and the secondary flaring section.
  • the flaring mold is divided into a guide head (6) and a primary flaring section from front to back.
  • the secondary flaring part (8) and the chuck (9) the flaring die is Cr12 cold work die steel with carbon content greater than 0.6%, and the roughness of the working part is Ra0.8-Ra1.6;
  • the flaring mold is provided with a guide head (6) and a primary flaring part (7) in order from front to back, the flaring mold has a carbon content greater than 0.6 % Cr12 cold working die steel, the roughness of the working part is Ra0.8-Ra1.6, hardness HRC48-58; after that, the state of the cannula is maintained; then the mold (10) rotating around the central axis of the cannula is directed toward the cannula Move in the direction to squeeze the cannula to form the cannula reduced diameter part;
  • the advantage of the present invention is that a brazing gap that meets the requirements is formed at the brazing position between the sleeve and the cannula.
  • the brazing material that flows during brazing can be filled into the brazing gap to complete the brazing process, greatly improving the overall
  • the brazing penetration ratio of the welding seam, the brazing penetration rate between the casing and the cannula is increased from 20% to more than 80%, the penetration is not brazed, and the leakage rate of the brazed joint is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a flared mold used for processing a casing of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for processing a second embodiment of the cannula.
  • the present invention relates to a brazed pipe joint, which includes a sleeve 1 and a cannula 2 connected with the sleeve 1, and one end of the cannula 2 is located inside the end of the sleeve 1 and passes through
  • the positioning mechanism is arranged coaxially with the sleeve 1.
  • the positioning mechanism includes a flared section provided at one end of the casing 1, the cannula 2 extends into the inside of the flared section and is transitioned by a trapezoid adjacent to the flared section Segment limit (after the casing is flared, the formed flared section and the original casing form a trapezoidal transition section), the cannula 2 and the casing 1 are brazed together.
  • the flared section includes a primary flared section 3 and a secondary flared section adjacent to the primary flared section 3 4.
  • the caliber of the secondary flared section 4 is larger than the caliber of the primary flared section 3, so that the primary flared section 3 and the secondary flared section 4 are arranged stepwise as a whole, the cannula 2 and the primary flared section 3 has an assembly gap 3-1 on the inner wall, a brazing gap 4-1 is left between the cannula 2 and the inner wall of the secondary flared section 4, the assembly gap forms an assembly area, and the brazing gap Form a brazed area.
  • the primary flared section defines the position of the cannula, thereby ensuring that the gap between the cannula and the secondary flared section is the required brazing gap.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the secondary flared section 4 can also be set into a cone;
  • the primary flared Section 3 is arranged coaxially with secondary flared section 4.
  • the cannula 2 extending into the sleeve 1 is partially flared to form a cannula flared section, and the length of the cannulated flared section is greater than the total length of the primary flared section and the secondary flared section.
  • the brazing gap of the brazing area is larger than the assembly gap of the side assembly area.
  • the straight structure in the assembly area is more conducive to ensuring the brazing process gap than the tapered shape.
  • the length of the assembly area is greater than the length of the brazing area, which can reduce the pipe deflection caused by the assembly gap. The head, regardless of whether there is internal stress in the pipe assembly or brazing, can always form a brazing gap that meets the requirements of the brazing process at the brazing site.
  • the processing method for preparing a brazed pipe joint includes the following steps:
  • S1 Processing of cannula: Use a shrinkage die to shrink the cannula.
  • the length of the shrinkage is greater than the depth of the cannula inserted into the sleeve.
  • the shrinkage die is Cr12 cold work die steel with carbon content greater than 0.6%.
  • the roughness of the working part It is Ra0.8-Ra1.6, hardness HRC48-58;
  • a flaring mold is used to form the primary flaring section and the secondary flaring section.
  • the flaring mold is divided into a guide head 6 and a primary flaring section 7 from front to back.
  • Secondary flared part 8 and chuck 9 the flared die is Cr12 cold work die steel with carbon content greater than 0.6%, the roughness of the working part is Ra0.8-Ra1.6, hardness HRC48-5;
  • the flared section is a primary flared section 3, which is disposed on the cannula 2 inside the primary flared section 3
  • a brazing gap 4-1 is formed between the cannula reduction section 5 and the primary flared section 3; between the cannula located inside the cannula reduced section 5 and the primary flared section 3
  • An assembling gap 3-1 is formed, the assembling gap forms an assembling area, and the brazing gap forms a brazing area, and the assembling area is located inside the brazing area.
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cannula is flared: one end of the cannula inserted into the sleeve forms a flared section of the cannula
  • the flared section of the cannula is arranged adjacent to the reduced-diameter section of the cannula.
  • the length of the assembly area is longer than the brazing area, and between the assembly area and the brazing area Smooth transition.
  • the brazing gap is larger than the assembly gap on the same side as the brazing gap, and the brazing gap ranges from 0.03 to 0.40 mm.
  • the processing method for manufacturing brazed pipe joints includes the following steps:
  • the cannula is flared on the mold, and the flaring die is provided with a guide head 6 and a primary flaring part 7 in order from front to back.
  • the flaring die is Cr12 cold with a carbon content greater than 0.6%
  • the roughness of the working part is Ra0.8-Ra1.6
  • the hardness is HRC48-58; after that, the state of the cannula is maintained, and then the mold 10 rotating around the central axis of the cannula is moved in the direction of the cannula.
  • Extrusion treatment is performed to form the cannula reduced diameter portion;
  • a flaring mold is used to form the flaring section of the casing.
  • the flaring mold is divided into a guide head 6, a primary flaring section 7, a primary flaring section 8, and a die Shank 9, the flared die is Cr12 cold work die steel with carbon content greater than 0.6%, the roughness of the working part is Ra0.8-Ra1.6, hardness HRC48-58;
  • the sleeve and the cannula of the present invention can have a variety of diameters, as long as the two can be assembled and sleeved together, the flared end of the sleeve tube end is used to define the position of the cannula.
  • the metal material of casing and cannula can be the same material or a combination of different materials, such as steel pipe-steel pipe, copper pipe-steel pipe, aluminum pipe-aluminum pipe, copper pipe-copper pipe, aluminum pipe-copper pipe, etc. The following data is only a partial reference.
  • the brazing gap specified in the process is formed between the sleeve and the cannula at the brazing position.
  • the brazing material flowing during brazing can be filled into the brazing gap specified in the process to complete the brazing process.
  • the penetration rate between cannulas is increased from 20% to more than 80%, the penetration is not effectively penetrated, and the leakage rate of the brazed joint is reduced.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)

Abstract

一种钎焊管路接头以及加工方法，包括套管(1)以及与套管(1)连接在一起的插管(2)，该插管(2)一端位于套管(1)一端的内部，并通过定位机构与套管(1)同轴设置，所述的定位机构包括设置在套管(1)一端的扩口段，所述的插管(2)伸入至扩口段的内部后，该插管(2)与所述的套管(1)钎焊在一起。套管(1)与插管(2)之间在钎焊位置形成符合要求的钎焊间隙(4-1)，钎焊时流动的钎料可以填充到该单边间隙中完成钎焊过程，大幅度的降低未钎透的比例，尤其是贯穿性未钎透的比例，进而降低钎焊头渗漏率。

Description

钎焊管路接头以及加工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种钎焊管路接头以及加工方法，尤其指采用套接方式的管路钎焊接头，通过在钎焊区形成设定的间隙，从而明显降低管路钎焊接头贯穿性未钎透现象，能显著降低钎焊接头的渗漏率。
背景技术
钎焊接头主要应用在空调、冰箱等制冷设备的管路连接中。制冷设备管路系统中添加制冷剂，制冷剂在制冷装置中进行制冷循环，任何微量的渗漏，都将导致系统内部制冷剂散失，而影响产品的制冷效果，最终将会使制冷设备丧失制冷性能。所以保证制冷设备管路系统的致密性，尤其是钎焊管路接头的致密性是非常重要的。
制冷行业目前采用的钎焊管路接头均为套接接头，管路的一端插入到另一个管路中，被插入一侧称为“套管”，插入一侧称为“插管”，把插管插入套管，形成套管接头，然后再进行钎焊，管路装配工序是手工作业，为避免管路装不上造成停产，生产中趋向于选择大一点的间隙。
钎焊时，套接接头需要间隙，业内习惯上把插管与套管之间的双边装配间隙当成钎焊间隙，但在管路装配和钎焊过程中，装配好的套管接头常常因为加工制造和装配等诸多因素导致插管与套管一周的间隙 分布不均匀，双边间隙集中在一侧是常态，这对装配没有影响，但是对钎焊工艺要求的影响会很大，钎焊要求的间隙无法保证，在生产中区分对待钎焊间隙和装配间隙成为关键。通过X射线探伤发现，间隙过大会产生未钎透；金相分析显示，间隙过小同样会产生未钎透，未钎透尤其是贯穿于整个套管接头的未钎透是导致接头渗漏的主要原因，现有结构的钎透率为20％。因此，如何保证钎焊间隙符合工艺要求，成为所谓的符合钎焊工艺要求的“钎焊工艺间隙”，成为大家的关注焦点。
CN105033392A，应用领域钎钎焊头，公开了“被钎焊工件的圆柱状套缝结构替换为圆锥状套缝结构”技术特征，解决钎钎焊头的间隙存在较大波动的技术问题，但其装配间隙趋于最小化，不利于解决小间隙的未钎透；
CN204321426U，应用领域钎焊接头，公开了“在第一母材管口有多个凸出陵边，凸出陵边与第二母材内孔过盈配合，而第一母材除凸出棱边以外的部分与第二母材留有最优钎焊缝隙”的技术特征，解决的技术问题是钎焊强度不足的技术问题，其装配间隙趋于0，不利于解决小间隙的未钎透；
CN203853641U,应用领域钎焊接头，公开了“所述配合接口件孔的内表面设置有多个导正面；匹配钎焊件轴插在配合接口件孔内，匹配钎焊轴的外表面与导正面过盈配合”，解决的技术问题是避免大间隙。该方案无法避免小间隙。
CN102528197A，应用领域钎焊接头，公开了“将钎焊焊缝设置为直 管与锥度孔配合形式，直管与锥度孔的底部为过盈配合”，解决的技术问题是“保证对中性”，防止渗漏。
综上所述，为实现钎焊间隙可控，在公开技术中多是在套管接头的套管端采用锥形，插管一端采用直管，因为存在装配间隙，管路插接后受内外力的影响，插管与套管之间的管路处于偏斜状态造成钎焊部位接头间隙改变，钎焊位置间隙过小或过大的超标现象难易避免。
在套管接头中划分装配间隙和钎焊间隙，通过能够实现区别对待装配间隙、钎焊间隙的技术方案，来保证“钎焊工艺间隙”的钎焊管路接头及其制造方法非常必要。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的弊端，首先要区分装配间隙和钎焊间隙，装配间隙是指双面间隙，影响管路安装的难易程度，钎焊间隙是指单面间隙，影响钎焊的质量，尤其是钎透性。本发明要解决的技术问题是“插管与套管钎焊区钎焊间隙超出工艺要求”问题，从而在接头中减少贯穿性未钎透缺陷发生的概率。为克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明提供一种钎焊管路接头以及加工方法，本发明的技术方案是：
一种钎焊管路接头，包括套管(1)以及与套管(1)连接在一起的插管(2)，该插管(2)一端位于套管(1)一端的内部，并通过定位机构与套管(1)同轴设置，所述的定位机构包括设置在套管(1)一端的扩口段，所述的插管(2)伸入至扩口段的内部，被与扩口段相邻的梯形过渡段限位，该插管(2)与所述的套管(1)钎焊在一起。
所述的扩口段包括一次扩口段(3)以及与一次扩口段(3)相邻的二次扩口段(4)，所述的二次扩口段(4)的口径大于一次扩口段(3)的口径，使得一次扩口段(3)与二次扩口段(4)整体呈阶梯状设置，该插管(2)与一次扩口段(3)的内壁留有装配间隙(3-1)，该插管(2)与二次扩口段(4)的内壁之间留有钎焊间隙(4-1)，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区。
所述的扩口段为一次扩口段(3)，位于一次扩口段(3)内部的插管(2)上设置有插管缩颈段(5)，该插管缩径段(5)与一次扩口段(3)之间形成钎焊间隙；位于插管缩径段(5)内侧的插管与一次扩口段(3)之间形成装配间隙，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区，该装配区位于钎焊区的内侧。
插入所述一次扩口(3)内的插管的一端形成插管扩口段，该插管扩口段与插管缩径段相邻设置。
沿套管(1)以及插管(2)的轴向，所述的装配区的长度长于所述的钎焊区，该装配区与钎焊区之间圆滑过渡。
伸入套管(1)内的插管(2)部分缩口后形成插管缩口段，该插管缩口段的长度大于一次扩口段和二次扩口段的总长度。
所述的钎焊间隙大于与该钎焊间隙同一侧的装配间隙，该钎焊间隙范围0.03-0.40mm。
所述二次扩口段呈锥形设置，所述的一次扩口段与二次扩口段同轴设置。
一种制备钎焊管路接头的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、插管的加工：使用缩口模具对插管进行缩口处理，缩口长度大于插管插入套管深度，缩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
S2、套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段和二次扩口段的一次成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头(6)、一次扩口部(7)、二次扩口部(8)和夹头(9)，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6；
S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管的缩口部分插入套管内，套管的一次扩口段与插管外壁形成装配区，二次扩口段与插管外壁形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
一种制备钎焊管路接头的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、插管的加工：先将插管顶在扩口模具上，扩口模具从前至后依次设置有导向头(6)和一次扩口部(7)，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；之后保持插管的状态；然后使围绕插管中心轴旋转的模具(10)向插管方向移动，对插管进行挤压成型，形成插管缩径部；
S2.套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段的成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头(6)和一次扩口部(7)该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管插入套管，套管的一次扩口段与插管之间形成装配区，插管缩径段与套管形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
本发明的优点是：套管与插管之间在钎焊位置形成符合要求的钎焊间隙，钎焊时流动的钎料可以填充到该钎焊间隙中完成钎焊过程，大幅度的提高整条焊缝的钎透比例，套管与插管之间的钎透率由20％提高到80％以上，贯穿性未钎透得到有效控制，降低钎焊接头渗漏率。
附图说明
图1是本发明的第一种实施例的主体结构示意图。
图2是本发明的第二种实施例的主体结构示意图。
图3是本发明的第三种实施例的主体结构示意图。
图4是本发明的第四种实施例的主体结构示意图。
图5是本发明用于加工第一种实施例套管的扩口模具结构示意图。
图6是本发明用于加工第二种实施例插管的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明，本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但这些实施例仅是范例性的，并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换，但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
参见图1至图6，本发明涉及一种钎焊管路接头，包括套管1以及与套管1连接在一起的插管2，该插管2一端位于套管1一端的内部，并通过定位机构与套管1同轴设置，所述的定位机构包括设置在套管1 一端的扩口段，所述的插管2伸入至扩口段的内部，被与扩口段相邻的梯形过渡段限位(套管被扩口后，形成的扩口段与原套管之间形成梯形过渡段)，该插管2与所述的套管1钎焊在一起。
如图1所示，为本发明的第一种实施例的主体结构示意图，具体为：所述的扩口段包括一次扩口段3以及与一次扩口段3相邻的二次扩口段4，所述的二次扩口段4的口径大于一次扩口段3的口径，使得一次扩口段3与二次扩口段4整体呈阶梯状设置，该插管2与一次扩口段3的内壁留有装配间隙3-1，该插管2与二次扩口段4的内壁之间留有钎焊间隙4-1，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区。通过阶梯状扩口，一次扩口段限定插管位置，从而保证插管位于二次扩口段的间隙是所需要的钎焊间隙。
如图2所示，为本发明的第二种实施例的主体结构示意图，与图1的区别在于：还可以将所述的二次扩口段4设置成锥形；所述的一次扩口段3与二次扩口段4同轴设置。
其中，伸入套管1内的插管2部分缩口后形成插管缩口段，该插管缩口段的长度大于一次扩口段和二次扩口段的总长度。
通过在插管2与套管1之间设置装配区3-1和钎焊区4-1，钎焊区的钎焊间隙大于该侧装配区的装配间隙。其中，装配区采用平直结构比锥形更有利于保证钎焊工艺间隙，装配区长度大于钎焊区的长度，可以减少因装配间隙带来的管路偏斜，采用该结构的钎钎焊头，无论管路装配还是钎焊中是否存在内应力，始终能在钎焊部位形成符合钎焊工艺要求的钎焊间隙。
如图5所示，制备钎焊管路接头的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、插管的加工：使用缩口模具对插管进行缩口处理，缩口长度大于插管插入套管深度，缩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
S2、套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段和二次扩口段的一次成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头6、一次扩口部7、二次扩口部8和夹头9，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-5；
S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管的缩口部分插入套管内，套管的一次扩口段与插管外壁形成装配区，二次扩口段与插管外壁形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
如图3所示，为本发明的第三种实施例的主体结构示意图，具体为：，所述的扩口段为一次扩口段3，位于一次扩口段3内部的插管2上设置有插管缩颈段5，该插管缩径段5与一次扩口段3之间形成钎焊间隙4-1；位于插管缩径段5内侧的插管与一次扩口段3之间形成装配间隙3-1，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区，该装配区位于钎焊区的内侧。
如图4所示，为本发明的第四种实施例的主体结构示意图，与图3的区别在于对插管进行了扩口：插入所述套管内的插管的一端形成插管扩口段，该插管扩口段与插管缩径段相邻设置。
对于本申请的四种实施例而言，均为：沿套管1以及插管2的轴向，所述的装配区的长度长于所述的钎焊区，该装配区与钎焊区之间 圆滑过渡。
所述的钎焊间隙大于与该钎焊间隙同一侧的装配间隙，该钎焊间隙范围0.03-0.40mm。
如图5、图6所示，制造钎焊管路接头的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、插管的加工：先将插管顶在模具上扩口，扩口模具从前至后依次设置有导向头6和一次扩口部7，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；之后保持插管的状态，然后使围绕插管中心轴旋转的模具10向插管方向移动，对插管进行挤压处理，形成插管缩径部；
S2.套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段的成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头6、一次扩口部7、一次扩口部8、模柄9，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管插入套管，套管的一次扩口段与插管之间形成装配区，插管缩径段与套管形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
本发明的套管和插管可以有多种直径，只需要二者可以装配套装在一起即可，套管管端的扩口端用以限定插管位置。套管和插管金属材料可以采用同种材料或异种材料的组合，如钢管-钢管、铜管-钢管、铝管-铝管、铜管-铜管、铝管-铜管等，规格不限，以下数据仅是部分参考。
下面结合具体的套管和插管的材质，进行试验效果说明：
Figure PCTCN2019114546-appb-000001
由此可见，通过套管与插管之间在钎焊位置形成工艺规定的钎焊间隙，钎焊时流动的钎料可以填充到工艺规定的钎焊间隙中，完成钎焊过程，套管与插管之间钎透率由20％提高到80％以上，贯穿性未钎透得到有效控制，降低钎钎焊头渗漏率。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，包括套管(1)以及与套管(1)连接在一起的插管(2)，该插管(2)一端位于套管(1)一端的内部，并通过定位机构与套管(1)同轴设置，所述的定位机构包括设置在套管(1)一端的扩口段，所述的插管(2)伸入至扩口段的内部，被与扩口段相邻的梯形过渡段限位，该插管(2)与所述的套管(1)钎焊在一起。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，所述的扩口段包括一次扩口段(3)以及与一次扩口段(3)相邻的二次扩口段(4)，所述的二次扩口段(4)的口径大于一次扩口段(3)的口径，使得一次扩口段(3)与二次扩口段(4)整体呈阶梯状设置，该插管(2)与一次扩口段(3)的内壁留有装配间隙(3-1)，该插管(2)与二次扩口段(4)的内壁之间留有钎焊间隙(4-1)，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，所述的扩口段为一次扩口段(3)，位于一次扩口段(3)内部的插管(2)上设置有插管缩颈段(5)，该插管缩径段(5)与一次扩口段(3)之间形成钎焊间隙；位于插管缩径段(5)内侧的插管与一次扩口段(3)之间形成装配间隙，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区，该装配区位于钎焊区的内侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，插入所述 一次扩口(3)内的插管的一端形成插管扩口段，该插管扩口段与插管缩径段相邻设置。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，沿套管(1)以及插管(2)的轴向，所述的装配区的长度长于所述的钎焊区，该装配区与钎焊区之间圆滑过渡。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，其中，伸入套管(1)内的插管(2)部分缩口后形成插管缩口段，该插管缩口段的长度大于一次扩口段和二次扩口段的总长度。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，所述的钎焊间隙大于与该钎焊间隙同一侧的装配间隙，该钎焊间隙范围0.03-0.40mm。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，所述二次扩口段呈锥形设置，所述的一次扩口段与二次扩口段同轴设置。
  9. 一种加工权利要求2、5或6所述的钎焊管路接头的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1、插管的加工：使用缩口模具对插管进行缩口处理，缩口长度大于插管插入套管深度，缩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，模具工作部位的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
    S2、套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段和二次扩口段的一次成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头(6)、一次扩口部(7)、二次扩口部(8)和夹头(9)，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，模具工作部位的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6；
    S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管的缩口部分插入套管内，套管的一次扩口段与插管外壁形成装配区，二次扩口段与插管外壁形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
  10. 一种加工权利要求3或4所述的钎焊管路接头的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1、插管的加工：先将插管顶在扩口模具上，扩口模具从前至后依次设置有导向头(6)和一次扩口部(7)，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，模具工作部位的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；之后保持插管的状态；然后使围绕插管中心轴旋转的模具(10)向插管方向移动，对插管进行挤压成型，形成插管缩径部；
    S2.套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段的成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头(6)和一次扩口部(7)该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，模具工作部位的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
    S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管插入套管，套管的一次扩口段与插管之间形成装配区，插管缩径段与套管形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
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