CN110814567A - 钎焊管路接头以及加工方法 - Google Patents
钎焊管路接头以及加工方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110814567A CN110814567A CN201911037065.2A CN201911037065A CN110814567A CN 110814567 A CN110814567 A CN 110814567A CN 201911037065 A CN201911037065 A CN 201911037065A CN 110814567 A CN110814567 A CN 110814567A
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- Prior art keywords
- brazing
- section
- flaring
- sleeve
- primary
- Prior art date
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 230000036934 Penetration ratio Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002146 bilateral Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
- B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
- B23K33/006—Filling of continuous seams for cylindrical workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
- B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
- B21C37/28—Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
- F16L13/02—Welded joints
Abstract
本发明涉及一种钎焊管路接头以及加工方法，包括套管(1)以及与套管(1)连接在一起的插管(2)，该插管(2)一端位于套管(1)一端的内部，并通过定位机构与套管(1)同轴设置，所述的定位机构包括设置在套管(1)一端的扩口段，所述的插管(2)伸入至扩口段的内部后，该插管(2)与所述的套管(1)钎焊在一起。本发明的优点是：套管与插管之间在钎焊位置形成符合要求的钎焊间隙，钎焊时流动的钎料可以填充到该单边间隙中完成钎焊过程，大幅度的降低未钎透的比例，尤其是贯穿性未钎透的比例，进而降低钎钎焊头渗漏率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钎焊管路接头以及加工方法，尤其指采用套接方式的管路钎焊接头，通过在钎焊区形成设定的间隙，从而明显降低管路钎焊接头贯穿性未钎透现象，能显著降低钎焊接头的渗漏率。
背景技术
钎焊接头主要应用在空调、冰箱等制冷设备的管路连接中。制冷设备管路系统中添加制冷剂，制冷剂在制冷装置中进行制冷循环，任何微量的渗漏，都将导致系统内部制冷剂散失，而影响产品的制冷效果，最终将会使制冷设备丧失制冷性能。所以保证制冷设备管路系统的致密性，尤其是钎焊管路接头的致密性是非常重要的。
制冷行业目前采用的钎焊管路接头均为套接接头，管路的一端插入到另一个管路中，被插入一侧称为“套管”，插入一侧称为“插管”，把插管插入套管，形成套管接头，然后再进行钎焊，管路装配工序是手工作业，为避免管路装不上造成停产，生产中趋向于选择大一点的间隙。
钎焊时，套接接头需要间隙，业内习惯上把插管与套管之间的双边装配间隙当成钎焊间隙，但在管路装配和钎焊过程中，装配好的套管接头常常因为加工制造和装配等诸多因素导致插管与套管一周的间隙分布不均匀，双边间隙集中在一侧是常态，这对装配没有影响，但是对钎焊工艺要求的影响会很大，钎焊要求的间隙无法保证，在生产中区分对待钎焊间隙和装配间隙成为关键。通过X射线探伤发现，间隙过大会产生未钎透；金相分析显示，间隙过小同样会产生未钎透，未钎透尤其是贯穿于整个套管接头的未钎透是导致接头渗漏的主要原因，现有结构的钎透率为20％。因此，如何保证钎焊间隙符合工艺要求，成为所谓的符合钎焊工艺要求的“钎焊工艺间隙”，成为大家的关注焦点。
CN105033392A，应用领域钎钎焊头，公开了“被钎焊工件的圆柱状套缝结构替换为圆锥状套缝结构”技术特征，解决钎钎焊头的间隙存在较大波动的技术问题，但其装配间隙趋于最小化，不利于解决小间隙的未钎透；
CN204321426U，应用领域钎焊接头，公开了“在第一母材管口有多个凸出陵边，凸出陵边与第二母材内孔过盈配合，而第一母材除凸出棱边以外的部分与第二母材留有最优钎焊缝隙”的技术特征，解决的技术问题是钎焊强度不足的技术问题，其装配间隙趋于0，不利于解决小间隙的未钎透；
CN203853641U,应用领域钎焊接头，公开了“所述配合接口件孔的内表面设置有多个导正面；匹配钎焊件轴插在配合接口件孔内，匹配钎焊轴的外表面与导正面过盈配合”，解决的技术问题是避免大间隙。该方案无法避免小间隙。
CN102528197A，应用领域钎焊接头，公开了“将钎焊焊缝设置为直管与锥度孔配合形式，直管与锥度孔的底部为过盈配合”，解决的技术问题是“保证对中性”，防止渗漏。
综上所述，为实现钎焊间隙可控，在公开技术中多是在套管接头的套管端采用锥形，插管一端采用直管，因为存在装配间隙，管路插接后受内外力的影响，插管与套管之间的管路处于偏斜状态造成钎焊部位接头间隙改变，钎焊位置间隙过小或过大的超标现象难易避免。
在套管接头中划分装配间隙和钎焊间隙，通过能够实现区别对待装配间隙、钎焊间隙的技术方案，来保证“钎焊工艺间隙”的钎焊管路接头及其制造方法非常必要。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的弊端，首先要区分装配间隙和钎焊间隙，装配间隙是指双面间隙，影响管路安装的难易程度，钎焊间隙是指单面间隙，影响钎焊的质量，尤其是钎透性。本发明要解决的技术问题是“插管与套管钎焊区钎焊间隙超出工艺要求”问题，从而在接头中减少贯穿性未钎透缺陷发生的概率。为克服现有技术的缺陷，本发明提供一种钎焊管路接头以及加工方法，本发明的技术方案是：
一种钎焊管路接头，包括套管(1)以及与套管(1)连接在一起的插管(2)，该插管(2)一端位于套管(1)一端的内部，并通过定位机构与套管(1)同轴设置，所述的定位机构包括设置在套管(1)一端的扩口段，所述的插管(2)伸入至扩口段的内部，被与扩口段相邻的梯形过渡段限位，该插管(2)与所述的套管(1)钎焊在一起。
所述的扩口段包括一次扩口段(3)以及与一次扩口段(3)相邻的二次扩口段(4)，所述的二次扩口段(4)的口径大于一次扩口段(3)的口径，使得一次扩口段(3)与二次扩口段(4)整体呈阶梯状设置，该插管(2)与一次扩口段(3)的内壁留有装配间隙(3-1)，该插管(2)与二次扩口段(4)的内壁之间留有钎焊间隙(4-1)，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区。
所述的扩口段为一次扩口段(3)，位于一次扩口段(3)内部的插管(2)上设置有插管缩颈段(5)，该插管缩径段(5)与一次扩口段(3)之间形成钎焊间隙；位于插管缩径段(5)内侧的插管与一次扩口段(3)之间形成装配间隙，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区，该装配区位于钎焊区的内侧。
插入所述一次扩口(3)内的插管的一端形成插管扩口段，该插管扩口段与插管缩径段相邻设置。
沿套管(1)以及插管(2)的轴向，所述的装配区的长度长于所述的钎焊区，该装配区与钎焊区之间圆滑过渡。
伸入套管(1)内的插管(2)部分缩口后形成插管缩口段，该插管缩口段的长度大于一次扩口段和二次扩口段的总长度。
所述的钎焊间隙大于与该钎焊间隙同一侧的装配间隙，该钎焊间隙范围0.03-0.40mm。
所述二次扩口段呈锥形设置，所述的一次扩口段与二次扩口段同轴设置。
一种制备钎焊管路接头的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、插管的加工：使用缩口模具对插管进行缩口处理，缩口长度大于插管插入套管深度，缩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
S2、套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段和二次扩口段的一次成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头(6)、一次扩口部(7)、二次扩口部(8)和夹头(9)，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6；
S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管的缩口部分插入套管内，套管的一次扩口段与插管外壁形成装配区，二次扩口段与插管外壁形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
一种制备钎焊管路接头的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、插管的加工：先将插管顶在扩口模具上，扩口模具从前至后依次设置有导向头(6)和一次扩口部(7)，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；之后保持插管的状态；然后使围绕插管中心轴旋转的模具(10)向插管方向移动，对插管进行挤压成型，形成插管缩径部；
S2.套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段的成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头(6)和一次扩口部(7)该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管插入套管，套管的一次扩口段与插管之间形成装配区，插管缩径段与套管形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
本发明的优点是：套管与插管之间在钎焊位置形成符合要求的钎焊间隙，钎焊时流动的钎料可以填充到该钎焊间隙中完成钎焊过程，大幅度的提高整条焊缝的钎透比例，套管与插管之间的钎透率由20％提高到80％以上，贯穿性未钎透得到有效控制，降低钎焊接头渗漏率。
附图说明
图1是本发明的第一种实施例的主体结构示意图。
图2是本发明的第二种实施例的主体结构示意图。
图3是本发明的第三种实施例的主体结构示意图。
图4是本发明的第四种实施例的主体结构示意图。
图5是本发明用于加工第一种实施例套管的扩口模具结构示意图。
图6是本发明用于加工第二种实施例插管的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明，本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但这些实施例仅是范例性的，并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换，但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
参见图1至图6，本发明涉及一种钎焊管路接头，包括套管1以及与套管1连接在一起的插管2，该插管2一端位于套管1一端的内部，并通过定位机构与套管1同轴设置，所述的定位机构包括设置在套管1一端的扩口段，所述的插管2伸入至扩口段的内部，被与扩口段相邻的梯形过渡段限位(套管被扩口后，形成的扩口段与原套管之间形成梯形过渡段)，该插管2与所述的套管1钎焊在一起。
如图1所示，为本发明的第一种实施例的主体结构示意图，具体为：所述的扩口段包括一次扩口段3以及与一次扩口段3相邻的二次扩口段4，所述的二次扩口段4的口径大于一次扩口段3的口径，使得一次扩口段3与二次扩口段4整体呈阶梯状设置，该插管2与一次扩口段3的内壁留有装配间隙3-1，该插管2与二次扩口段4的内壁之间留有钎焊间隙4-1，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区。通过阶梯状扩口，一次扩口段限定插管位置，从而保证插管位于二次扩口段的间隙是所需要的钎焊间隙。
如图2所示，为本发明的第二种实施例的主体结构示意图，与图1的区别在于：还可以将所述的二次扩口段4设置成锥形；所述的一次扩口段3与二次扩口段4同轴设置。
其中，伸入套管1内的插管2部分缩口后形成插管缩口段，该插管缩口段的长度大于一次扩口段和二次扩口段的总长度。
通过在插管2与套管1之间设置装配区3-1和钎焊区4-1，钎焊区的钎焊间隙大于该侧装配区的装配间隙。其中，装配区采用平直结构比锥形更有利于保证钎焊工艺间隙，装配区长度大于钎焊区的长度，可以减少因装配间隙带来的管路偏斜，采用该结构的钎钎焊头，无论管路装配还是钎焊中是否存在内应力，始终能在钎焊部位形成符合钎焊工艺要求的钎焊间隙。
如图5所示，制备钎焊管路接头的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、插管的加工：使用缩口模具对插管进行缩口处理，缩口长度大于插管插入套管深度，缩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
S2、套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段和二次扩口段的一次成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头6、一次扩口部7、二次扩口部8和夹头9，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-5；
S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管的缩口部分插入套管内，套管的一次扩口段与插管外壁形成装配区，二次扩口段与插管外壁形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
如图3所示，为本发明的第三种实施例的主体结构示意图，具体为：，所述的扩口段为一次扩口段3，位于一次扩口段3内部的插管2上设置有插管缩颈段5，该插管缩径段5与一次扩口段3之间形成钎焊间隙4-1；位于插管缩径段5内侧的插管与一次扩口段3之间形成装配间隙3-1，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区，该装配区位于钎焊区的内侧。
如图4所示，为本发明的第四种实施例的主体结构示意图，与图3的区别在于对插管进行了扩口：插入所述套管内的插管的一端形成插管扩口段，该插管扩口段与插管缩径段相邻设置。
对于本申请的四种实施例而言，均为：沿套管1以及插管2的轴向，所述的装配区的长度长于所述的钎焊区，该装配区与钎焊区之间圆滑过渡。
所述的钎焊间隙大于与该钎焊间隙同一侧的装配间隙，该钎焊间隙范围0.03-0.40mm。
如图5、图6所示，制造钎焊管路接头的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、插管的加工：先将插管顶在模具上扩口，扩口模具从前至后依次设置有导向头6和一次扩口部7，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；之后保持插管的状态，然后使围绕插管中心轴旋转的模具10向插管方向移动，对插管进行挤压处理，形成插管缩径部；
S2.套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段的成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头6、一次扩口部7、一次扩口部8、模柄9，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，工作部分的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管插入套管，套管的一次扩口段与插管之间形成装配区，插管缩径段与套管形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
本发明的套管和插管可以有多种直径，只需要二者可以装配套装在一起即可，套管管端的扩口端用以限定插管位置。套管和插管金属材料可以采用同种材料或异种材料的组合，如钢管-钢管、铜管-钢管、铝管-铝管、铜管-铜管、铝管-铜管等，规格不限，以下数据仅是部分参考。
下面结合具体的套管和插管的材质，进行试验效果说明：
由此可见，通过套管与插管之间在钎焊位置形成工艺规定的钎焊间隙，钎焊时流动的钎料可以填充到工艺规定的钎焊间隙中，完成钎焊过程，套管与插管之间钎透率由20％提高到80％以上，贯穿性未钎透得到有效控制，降低钎钎焊头渗漏率。
Claims (10)
1.一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，包括套管(1)以及与套管(1)连接在一起的插管(2)，该插管(2)一端位于套管(1)一端的内部，并通过定位机构与套管(1)同轴设置，所述的定位机构包括设置在套管(1)一端的扩口段，所述的插管(2)伸入至扩口段的内部，被与扩口段相邻的梯形过渡段限位，该插管(2)与所述的套管(1)钎焊在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，所述的扩口段包括一次扩口段(3)以及与一次扩口段(3)相邻的二次扩口段(4)，所述的二次扩口段(4)的口径大于一次扩口段(3)的口径，使得一次扩口段(3)与二次扩口段(4)整体呈阶梯状设置，该插管(2)与一次扩口段(3)的内壁留有装配间隙(3-1)，该插管(2)与二次扩口段(4)的内壁之间留有钎焊间隙(4-1)，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，所述的扩口段为一次扩口段(3)，位于一次扩口段(3)内部的插管(2)上设置有插管缩颈段(5)，该插管缩径段(5)与一次扩口段(3)之间形成钎焊间隙；位于插管缩径段(5)内侧的插管与一次扩口段(3)之间形成装配间隙，所述的装配间隙形成装配区，所述的钎焊间隙形成钎焊区，该装配区位于钎焊区的内侧。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，插入所述一次扩口(3)内的插管的一端形成插管扩口段，该插管扩口段与插管缩径段相邻设置。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，沿套管(1)以及插管(2)的轴向，所述的装配区的长度长于所述的钎焊区，该装配区与钎焊区之间圆滑过渡。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，其中，伸入套管(1)内的插管(2)部分缩口后形成插管缩口段，该插管缩口段的长度大于一次扩口段和二次扩口段的总长度。
7.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，所述的钎焊间隙大于与该钎焊间隙同一侧的装配间隙，该钎焊间隙范围0.03-0.40mm。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种钎焊管路接头，其特征在于，所述二次扩口段呈锥形设置，所述的一次扩口段与二次扩口段同轴设置。
9.一种加工权利要求2、5或6所述的钎焊管路接头的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、插管的加工：使用缩口模具对插管进行缩口处理，缩口长度大于插管插入套管深度，缩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，模具工作部位的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
S2、套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段和二次扩口段的一次成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头(6)、一次扩口部(7)、二次扩口部(8)和夹头(9)，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，模具工作部位的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6；
S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管的缩口部分插入套管内，套管的一次扩口段与插管外壁形成装配区，二次扩口段与插管外壁形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
10.一种加工权利要求3或4所述的钎焊管路接头的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、插管的加工：先将插管顶在扩口模具上，扩口模具从前至后依次设置有导向头(6)和一次扩口部(7)，该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，模具工作部位的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；之后保持插管的状态；然后使围绕插管中心轴旋转的模具(10)向插管方向移动，对插管进行挤压成型，形成插管缩径部；
S2.套管的加工：使用扩口模具对套管进行一次扩口段的成型，该扩口模具从前至后依次设置分为导向头(6)和一次扩口部(7)该扩口模具为碳含量大于0.6％的Cr12冷作模具钢，模具工作部位的粗糙度为Ra0.8-Ra1.6，硬度HRC48-58；
S3、将插管和套管进行装配，插管插入套管，套管的一次扩口段与插管之间形成装配区，插管缩径段与套管形成用于钎焊的钎焊区。
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