WO2020088085A1 - 电机转子及永磁电机 - Google Patents

电机转子及永磁电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020088085A1
WO2020088085A1 PCT/CN2019/103972 CN2019103972W WO2020088085A1 WO 2020088085 A1 WO2020088085 A1 WO 2020088085A1 CN 2019103972 W CN2019103972 W CN 2019103972W WO 2020088085 A1 WO2020088085 A1 WO 2020088085A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
permanent magnets
motor
rotor
permanent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/103972
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖勇
王敏
尚文海
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Filing date
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Application filed by Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai filed Critical Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
Publication of WO2020088085A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020088085A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of driving devices, in particular to a motor rotor and a permanent magnet motor.
  • the permanent magnet motor mainly includes a stator and a rotor.
  • the rotor includes a rotor core and permanent magnets.
  • the permanent magnets are installed in the magnetic steel slots of the rotor core.
  • the three-phase stator current When a three-phase symmetrical current flows into the stator side, the three-phase stator current generates a rotating magnetic field in the space because the three-phase stator differs by 120 ° in space, and the rotor is moved by the electromagnetic force in the rotating magnetic field. It is kinetic energy; when the permanent magnet generates a rotating magnetic field, the three-phase stator winding reacts through the armature under the action of the rotating magnetic field and induces a three-phase symmetrical current. At this time, the rotor kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy.
  • the magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet is fixed in the traditional permanent magnet motor, the magnetic field inside the permanent magnet motor is difficult to adjust, so it is difficult for the permanent magnet motor to take into account the efficiency at high frequency and low frequency, and the fixed power supply voltage limits the permanent magnet The maximum operating frequency of the motor.
  • a motor rotor, the motor rotor includes:
  • An even number of first permanent magnets are provided on the axial end surface of the rotor core along the circumferential direction of the rotor core;
  • At least two second permanent magnets the coercive force of the second permanent magnets is greater than the coercive force of the first permanent magnets, and each second permanent magnet is spaced between the two adjacent pairs of the Between the first permanent magnets, and each second permanent magnet is arranged in series with two adjacent first permanent magnets.
  • the even number of first permanent magnets are evenly spaced along the circumference of the rotor core, and each adjacent two of the first permanent magnets has a center facing the rotor core Angle, the second permanent magnet is disposed within the angle.
  • the center of the figure formed by the connection lines of the even numbered first permanent magnets coincides with the center of the rotor core.
  • the two first permanent magnets adjacent to each of the second permanent magnets are arranged symmetrically compared to the second permanent magnets.
  • the cross section of the first permanent magnet and the cross section of the second permanent magnet are both rectangular.
  • the dimensions of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet satisfy the relationship 0.6 * L1 * Br1 ⁇ L2 * Br2 ⁇ 1.1 * L1 * Br1, 0.5 * d1 ⁇ d2 ⁇ 0.8 * d1;
  • L1, d1 and Br1 are the length, width and remanence of the first permanent magnet respectively;
  • L2, d2 and Br2 are the length, width and remanence of the second permanent magnet, respectively.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet is a circular arc opening toward the center of the rotor core, and the cross-section of the second permanent magnet is rectangular.
  • a part of the magnetic lines between every two adjacent second permanent magnets along the circumferential direction of the rotor core communicate to form a magnetic circuit.
  • the rotor core is provided with magnetic isolation slots, and the magnetic isolation slots are located at both ends of the first permanent magnet along the circumferential direction of the rotor core.
  • a permanent magnet motor includes a stator and a motor rotor according to any one of the above, the motor rotor is rotatably sleeved in the stator.
  • each second permanent magnet is spaced between every two adjacent pairs of first permanent magnets.
  • the magnetizing current changes the magnetic field strength of the first permanent magnet with low coercive force, realizing the adjustable magnetic field of the permanent magnet motor, so that the permanent magnet motor achieves the efficiency when taking into account high frequency and low frequency; and the second permanent magnet and its adjacent
  • the two first permanent magnets are arranged in series, which can improve the demagnetization resistance of the first permanent magnet with low coercivity; at the same time, due to the permanent magnet motor in this application, when the first permanent magnet is magnetized, it directly passes through the middle
  • the two first permanent magnets without the second permanent magnet are magnetized, thus avoiding the second permanent magnet with high coercive force, reducing the magnetizing current, and greatly reducing the difficulty of magnetization.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a permanent magnet motor provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a motor rotor of the permanent magnet motor provided in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetization of the first permanent magnet of the motor rotor provided in FIG. 2.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a permanent magnet motor 100 including a stator 10 and a motor rotor 20.
  • the motor rotor 20 is coaxially sleeved in the stator 10, and the motor rotor 20 and the stator 10 have The air gap facilitates rotation of the motor rotor 20 relative to the stator 10.
  • the stator 10 includes a stator iron core 11 and an armature winding.
  • the stator iron core 11 is stamped from a soft magnetic silicon steel sheet, and a plurality of teeth 111 are provided in the stator iron core 11 at intervals in the circumferential direction, each tooth
  • the armature winding is wound around 111, and the armature winding is energized to generate a rotating magnetic field, and acts on the motor rotor 20 to cause the motor rotor 20 to rotate.
  • the motor rotor 20 includes a rotor core 21 and permanent magnets.
  • the rotor core 21 is stamped from a soft magnetic silicon steel sheet, and the permanent magnets are arranged on the axial end surface of the rotor core 21 in the axial direction.
  • the axial end surface of the rotor core 21 is provided with a magnetic steel slot, and the permanent magnet is installed in the magnetic steel slot.
  • the magnetic steel slot includes a first magnetic steel slot 211 and a second magnetic steel slot 212
  • the permanent magnet includes a first permanent magnet 22 and a second permanent magnet 23
  • the coercive force of the second permanent magnet 23 is greater than the
  • the coercive force of a permanent magnet 22 is that the first permanent magnet 22 is installed in the first magnetic steel groove 211 and the second permanent magnet 23 is installed in the second magnetic steel groove 212.
  • first magnetic steel slots 211 there are an even number of first magnetic steel slots 211, and even numbered first magnetic steel slots 211 are opened on the axial end surface of the rotor core 21 along the circumferential interval of the rotor core 21, accordingly, the first There are an even number of permanent magnets 22, and the first permanent magnets 22 are arranged in the first magnetic steel groove 211 of the rotor core 21 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 21.
  • Each second magnetic steel groove 212 is disposed between each adjacent two pairs of first magnetic steel grooves 211 (each adjacent two first magnetic steel grooves 211 is divided into a pair), and correspondingly, each second The magnet 23 is disposed between each adjacent two pairs of first permanent magnets 22 (each adjacent two first permanent magnets 22 are divided into a pair), and each second permanent magnet 23 is adjacent to its two adjacent first A permanent magnet 22 (the two first permanent magnets 22 are two first permanent magnets 22 that are close to each other among the two adjacent pairs of first permanent magnets 22) are arranged in series.
  • the permanent magnet motor 100 and the motor rotor 20 include a first permanent magnet 22 and a second permanent magnet 23 having different coercive forces, and each second permanent magnet 23 is spaced apart from each adjacent two pairs of first permanent magnets. Between magnets 22.
  • the first permanent magnet 22 with low coercivity is magnetized and saturated by the magnetizing current, so that the strength of the magnetic field inside the permanent magnet motor 100 is enhanced to meet the needs;
  • the magnetization current reduces the magnetization of the first permanent magnet 22 with low coercive force, so that the magnetic field inside the permanent magnet motor 100 is reduced to meet the requirements, thus realizing the permanent magnet motor 100
  • the intensity of the magnetic field is adjustable, so that the permanent magnet motor 100 achieves the efficiency when taking into account both high frequency and low frequency.
  • each second permanent magnet 23 is arranged in series between its two adjacent first permanent magnets 22, and the direction of its magnetic force lines is shown in FIG. 2 because the coercive force of the second permanent magnet 23 is greater than that of the first permanent magnet 22 Coercive force, when the second permanent magnet 23 and the first permanent magnet 22 are arranged in series, the demagnetization resistance of the first permanent magnet 22 with low coercive force can be improved; meanwhile, due to the permanent magnet motor 100 in this embodiment, the When a permanent magnet 22 is magnetized (see FIG. 1 for the direction of the magnetic field lines), the two first permanent magnets 22 without the second permanent magnet 23 in the middle are directly magnetized, thus avoiding the second permanent magnet with high coercive force 23. The magnetization current is reduced, which greatly reduces the difficulty of magnetization.
  • the even-numbered first magnetic steel slots 211 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 21, and accordingly, the even-numbered first permanent magnets 22 are also evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 21 .
  • the center of the pattern formed by connecting the even number of first permanent magnets 22 coincides with the center of the rotor core 21.
  • the cross section of the first permanent magnet 22 is rectangular, that is, the first permanent magnet 22 is elongated along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 21, and then an even number of first permanent magnets 22 are formed by connecting lines
  • the figure of is a regular polygon whose center coincides with the center of the rotor core 21.
  • the magnetic pole direction of the first permanent magnet 22 is arranged along the radial direction of the rotor core 21.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet 22 may also be selected from other shapes, for example, the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet 22 is a circular arc shape toward the center of the rotor core 21, That is, the first permanent magnets 22 in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 21 are arc-shaped.
  • the pattern formed by connecting the even number of first permanent magnets 22 is a circle.
  • the center of the circle and the rotor core 21 are circular. The centers are coincident and are not limited here.
  • each adjacent two first permanent magnets 22 have an included angle facing the center of the rotor core 21, and the second permanent magnets 23 are disposed within the included angle to ensure the overall separation of the second permanent magnets 23 Located inside the first permanent magnet 22.
  • each first permanent magnet 22 adjacent to each second permanent magnet 23 are arranged symmetrically compared to the second permanent magnets 23.
  • each first permanent magnet 22 has the same degree of magnetization, so the torque ripple of the permanent magnet motor 100 is small.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the second permanent magnet 23 is rectangular, that is, the second permanent magnet 23 is elongated along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 21.
  • the magnetic pole direction of the second permanent magnet 23 is arranged along the tangential direction of the rotor core 21.
  • the magnetic pole direction of the first permanent magnet 22 may not be arranged along the radial direction of the rotor core 21, for example, the magnetic pole direction of the first permanent magnet 22 is set compared to the diameter of the rotor core 21 Inclined, but this will cause the first permanent magnet 22 to be asymmetrical, which will increase the torque ripple and noise problems; at the same time, the magnetic pole direction of the second permanent magnet 23 may not be arranged along the tangential direction of the rotor core 21, such as The direction of the magnetic pole of the second permanent magnet 23 is inclined compared to the tangential direction of the rotor core 21, which will cause the magnetic poles of the two adjacent first permanent magnets 22 to be different, and at the same time will cause increased torque ripple and noise problem.
  • a part of the magnetic lines between every two adjacent second permanent magnets 23 in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 21 communicates to form a magnetic circuit.
  • the extra magnetic field generated by the second permanent magnet 23 with high coercive force can directly go to the magnetic poles of other second permanent magnets 23 to form a magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit is small, so the influence on the first permanent magnet 22 having a low coercive force is small, and the magnetization range of the permanent magnet motor 100 is larger.
  • the size selection of the second permanent magnet 23 and the first permanent magnet 22 should satisfy the following relationship: 0.6 * L1 * Br1 ⁇ L2 * Br2 ⁇ 1.1 * L1 * Br1, 0.5 * d1 ⁇ d2 ⁇ 0.8 * d1.
  • the axial end surface of the rotor core 21 is provided with a magnetic isolation slot 213, which is located at both ends of the first magnetic steel slot 211 along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 21, that is, the magnetic isolation slot 213 is located at both ends of the first permanent magnet 22 along the circumferential direction of the rotor core 21, and plays a certain role of magnetic isolation.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a motor rotor 20 included in the permanent magnet motor 100 described above.
  • the motor rotor 20 and the permanent magnet motor 100 provided in the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:
  • the motor rotor 20 includes a first permanent magnet 22 and a second permanent magnet 23 having different coercive forces.
  • the coercive force of the second permanent magnet 23 is greater than that of the first permanent magnet 22, and each second permanent magnet 23
  • the interval is set between every two adjacent pairs of first permanent magnets 22, and the first permanent magnets 22 with low coercive force are magnetized and saturated or the magnetization of the first permanent magnets 22 with low coercive force is reduced by changing the magnetizing current
  • the degree allows the magnetic field inside the permanent magnet motor 100 to meet the requirements, so that the strength of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet motor 100 is adjustable, so that the permanent magnet motor 100 achieves the efficiency when taking into account high frequency and low frequency;
  • Each second permanent magnet 23 having a high coercive force is arranged in series between its adjacent two first permanent magnets 22 having a low coercive force, which increases the demagnetization resistance of the first permanent magnet 22;
  • the two first permanent magnets 22 adjacent to each second permanent magnet 23 are arranged symmetrically compared to the second permanent magnets 23, so that each first permanent magnet 22 has the same degree of magnetization, so the permanent magnet motor 100 The torque ripple is small.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

一种电机转子（20）及永磁电机（100），包括：转子铁芯（21）；偶数个第一永磁体（22），沿所述转子铁芯（21）的周向间隔设置于所述转子铁芯（21）的轴向端面上；以及至少两个第二永磁体（23），所述第二永磁体（23）的矫顽力大于所述第一永磁体（22）的矫顽力，每个所述第二永磁体（23）间隔设置于所述每相邻两对所述第一永磁体（22）之间，且每个所述第二永磁体（23）与其相邻的两个所述第一永磁体（22）之间串联布置。通过磁化电流改变具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体（22）的磁场强度，实现了永磁电机（100）磁场可调，从而永磁电机（100）实现了兼顾高频与低频时的效率；同时对第一永磁体（22）进行磁化时直接通过对中间无第二永磁体（23）的两个第一永磁体（22）进行磁化，如此避开了具有高矫顽力的第二永磁体（23），减小了磁化电流，大幅度降低了磁化难度。

Description

电机转子及永磁电机
相关申请
本申请要求2018年11月1日申请的，申请号为201811295287X，名称为“电机转子及永磁电机”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及驱动装置技术领域，特别是涉及一种电机转子及永磁电机。
背景技术
永磁电机主要包括定子及转子，转子包括转子铁芯及永磁体，永磁体安装于转子铁芯的磁钢槽内。当定子侧通入三相对称电流时，由于三相定子在空间位置上相差120°，所以三相定子电流在空间中产生旋转磁场，转子在旋转磁场中受到电磁力作用运动，此时电能转化为动能；当永磁体产生旋转磁场时，三相定子绕组在旋转磁场作用下通过电枢反应，感应三相对称电流，此时转子动能转化为电能。
传统永磁电机由于永磁体提供的磁场固定，因此永磁电机内部的磁场难以调节，从而永磁电机难以兼顾高频与低频时的效率，且在供电电源电压固定的情况下，限制了永磁电机的最高运行频率。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对传统永磁电机难以兼顾高频与低频时的效率的问题，提供一种可兼顾高频与低频时的效率的电机转子及永磁电机。
一种电机转子，所述电机转子包括：
转子铁芯；
偶数个第一永磁体，沿所述转子铁芯的周向间隔设置于所述转子铁芯的轴向端面上；以及
至少两个第二永磁体，所述第二永磁体的矫顽力大于所述第一永磁体的矫顽力，每个所述第二永磁体间隔设置于所述每相邻两对所述第一永磁体之间，且每个所述第二永磁体与其相邻的两个所述第一永磁体之间串联布置。
在其中一个实施例中，沿所述转子铁芯的周向所述偶数个第一永磁体均匀间隔设置， 每相邻两个所述第一永磁体之间具有面向所述转子铁芯的中心的夹角，所述第二永磁体设置于所述夹角内。
在其中一个实施例中，所述偶数个第一永磁体连线形成的图形的中心与所述转子铁芯的中心重合。
在其中一个实施例中，与每个所述第二永磁体相邻的两个所述第一永磁体相较于所述第二永磁体对称设置。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一永磁体的横截面与所述第二永磁体的横截面均为矩形。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一永磁体与所述第二永磁体的尺寸满足关系0.6*L1*Br1＜L2*Br2＜1.1*L1*Br1，0.5*d1＜d2＜0.8*d1；
其中L1、d1、Br1分别为所述第一永磁体的长度、宽度和剩磁；
L2、d2、Br2分别为所述第二永磁体的长度、宽度和剩磁。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一永磁体的横截面形状为开口朝向所述转子铁芯的中心的圆弧形，所述第二永磁体的横截面为矩形。
在其中一个实施例中，沿所述转子铁芯的周向每相邻两个所述第二永磁体之间的部分磁力线连通形成磁路。
在其中一个实施例中，所述转子铁芯设置有隔磁槽，所述隔磁槽沿所述转子铁芯的周向位于所述第一永磁体的两端。
一种永磁电机，包括定子及如上述任一项所述的电机转子，所述电机转子可转动地套设于所述定子内。
上述电机转子及永磁电机，每个第二永磁体间隔设置于每相邻两对第一永磁体之间，在保持具有高矫顽力第二永磁体的磁场强度不变的前提下，通过磁化电流改变具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体的磁场强度，实现了永磁电机磁场可调，从而永磁电机实现了兼顾高频与低频时的效率；且第二永磁体与其相邻的两个第一永磁体之间串联布置，可以提高具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体的抗退磁能力；同时由于本申请中的永磁电机，对第一永磁体进行磁化时直接通过对中间无第二永磁体的两个第一永磁体进行磁化，如此避开了具有高矫顽力的第二永磁体，减小了磁化电流，大幅度降低了磁化难度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据公 开的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的永磁电机的结构图；
图2为图1中所提供的永磁电机的电机转子的结构图；
图3为图2中所提供的电机转子的第一永磁体的磁化原理图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
参阅图1-图3，本申请一实施例提供一种永磁电机100，包括定子10与电机转子20，电机转子20同轴套设于定子10内，且电机转子20与定子10之间具有气隙以便于电机转子20相对于定子10转动。
在一实施例中，定子10包括定子铁芯11及电枢绕组，定子铁芯11由软磁硅钢片冲压而成，定子铁芯11内沿周向间隔设置有多个齿111，每个齿111外缠绕有电枢绕组，电枢绕组通电产生旋转的磁场，并作用于电机转子20促使电机转子20转动。
在一实施例中，电机转子20包括转子铁芯21及永磁体，转子铁芯21由软磁硅钢片冲压而成，永磁体沿轴向设置于转子铁芯21的轴向端面上。具体地，转子铁芯21的轴向端面开设有磁钢槽，永磁体装设于磁钢槽内。
在一实施例中，磁钢槽包括第一磁钢槽211及第二磁钢槽212，永磁体包括第一永磁体22与第二永磁体23，第二永磁体23的矫顽力大于第一永磁体22的矫顽力，第一永磁体22装设于第一磁钢槽211内，第二永磁体23装设于第二磁钢槽212内。
在一实施例中，第一磁钢槽211为偶数个，偶数个第一磁钢槽211沿转子铁芯21的周 向间隔开设于转子铁芯21的轴向端面上，相应地，第一永磁体22为偶数个，且第一永磁体22沿转子铁芯21的周向间隔设置于转子铁芯21的第一磁钢槽211内。每个第二磁钢槽212设置于每相邻两对第一磁钢槽211(每相邻的两个第一磁钢槽211划分为一对)之间，相应地，每个第二永磁体23设置于每相邻的两对第一永磁体22(每相邻的两个第一永磁体22划分为一对)之间，且每个第二永磁体23与其相邻的两个第一永磁体22(该两个第一永磁体22为相邻的两对第一永磁体22中相互靠近的两个第一永磁体22)串联布置。
在一实施例中，永磁电机100，电机转子20包括矫顽力不同的第一永磁体22与第二永磁体23，每个第二永磁体23间隔设置于每相邻两对第一永磁体22之间。当永磁电机100运行于低速大转矩状态时，通过磁化电流将具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体22充磁饱和，使永磁电机100内部的磁场强度增强以满足需要；当永磁电机100运行于高速小转矩时，通过磁化电流降低具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体22的磁化程度，使永磁电机100内部的磁场减小以满足要求，如此实现了永磁电机100的磁场强度可调，从而永磁电机100实现了兼顾高频与低频时的效率。同时，每个第二永磁体23与其相邻的两个第一永磁体22之间串联布置，其磁力线走向参阅图2，由于第二永磁体23的矫顽力大于第一永磁体22的矫顽力，则第二永磁体23与第一永磁体22串联设置时可以提高具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体22的抗退磁能力；同时由于本实施例中的永磁电机100，对第一永磁体22进行磁化时(磁力线走向参看图1)，直接通过对中间无第二永磁体23的两个第一永磁体22进行磁化，如此避开了具有高矫顽力的第二永磁体23，减小了磁化电流，大幅度降低了磁化难度。
在一实施例中，沿转子铁芯21的周向上述偶数个第一磁钢槽211均匀间隔设置，相应地，沿转子铁芯21的周向上述偶数个第一永磁体22也均匀间隔设置。具体地，偶数个第一永磁体22连线形成的图形的中心与转子铁芯21的中心重合。
在一个实施例中，第一永磁体22的横截面为矩形，也即为沿转子铁芯21的周向第一永磁体22为长条状，此时偶数个第一永磁体22连线形成的图形为正多边形，该正多边形的中心与转子铁芯21的中心重合。此时第一永磁体22的磁极方向沿转子铁芯21的径向设置。
可以理解的是，在另一个实施例中，第一永磁体22的横截面形状还可以选择其他形状，如第一永磁体22的横截面形状为朝向转子铁芯21的中心的圆弧形，也即为沿转子铁芯21的周向第一永磁体22为圆弧形，此时偶数个第一永磁体22连线形成的图形为圆形，该圆形的中心与转子铁芯21的中心重合，在此不作限定。
在一个实施例中，每相邻两个第一永磁体22之间具有面向转子铁芯21的中心的夹角，第二永磁体23设置于夹角内，以保证第二永磁体23整体间隔位于第一永磁体22的内侧。
在一实施例中，与每个第二永磁体23相邻的两个第一永磁体22相较于第二永磁体23对称设置。如此每个第一永磁体22的磁化程度相同，因此永磁电机100的转矩脉动较小。具体地，第二永磁体23的横截面形状为矩形，也即为沿转子铁芯21的周向第二永磁体23为长条状。此时第二永磁体23的磁极方向沿转子铁芯21的切向设置。
可以理解地，在另一个实施例中，第一永磁体22的磁极方向也可不沿转子铁芯21的径向设置，如设置第一永磁体22的磁极方向相较于转子铁芯21的径向倾斜，但是此时会造成第一永磁体22内部不对称，会增大转矩波动及噪音问题；同时第二永磁体23的磁极方向也可不沿转子铁芯21的切向设置，如设置第二永磁体23的磁极方向相较于转子铁芯21的切向倾斜，则将会导致相邻两个第一永磁体22的磁极有所差异，同时也会导致增大转矩波动及噪音问题。
在一个实施例中，沿转子铁芯21的周向每相邻两个第二永磁体23之间的部分磁力线连通形成磁路。如此当具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体22的磁化状态减弱后，具有高矫顽力的第二永磁体23产生的多余的磁场可以直接到其他第二永磁体23的磁极构成磁路，磁磁路磁阻较小，因此对具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体22的影响较小，永磁电机100的调磁范围更大。
由于第二永磁体23尺寸太大起不到对第一永磁体22抗退磁的作用，尺寸太大又会对永磁电机100的调磁产生影响，从而为了保证在对第一永磁体22起到良好的抗退磁作用的同时，而不会对永磁电机100的调磁产生太大的影响，第二永磁体23与第一永磁体22尺寸的选择应满足以下关系：0.6*L1*Br1＜L2*Br2＜1.1*L1*Br1，0.5*d1＜d2＜0.8*d1。
参阅图3，其中，L1为第一永磁体22的长度，d1为第一永磁体22的宽度，Br1为第一永磁体22的剩磁，L2为第二永磁体23的长度，d2为第二永磁体23的宽度，Br2为第二永磁体23的剩磁。
在一个实施例中，转子铁芯21的轴向端面开设有隔磁槽213，隔磁槽213沿转子铁芯21的周向位于第一磁钢槽211的两端，也即为隔磁槽213沿转子铁芯21的周向位于第一永磁体22的两端，起到一定的隔磁作用。
本申请一实施例还提供一种上述永磁电机100所包括的电机转子20。
本申请实施例提供的电机转子20与永磁电机100，具有以下有益效果：
1、电机转子20包括矫顽力不同的第一永磁体22与第二永磁体23，第二永磁体23的矫顽力大于第一永磁体22的矫顽力，每个第二永磁体23间隔设置于每相邻两对第一永磁体22之间，通过改变磁化电流将具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体22充磁饱和或降低具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体22的磁化程度使永磁电机100内部的磁场以满足要求，如此实现了永 磁电机100的磁场强度可调，从而永磁电机100实现了兼顾高频与低频时的效率；
2、每个具有高矫顽力的第二永磁体23与其相邻的两个具有低矫顽力的第一永磁体22之间串联布置，增加了第一永磁体22的抗退磁能力；
3、对第一永磁体22进行磁化时，直接通过对中间无第二永磁体23的两个第一永磁体22进行磁化，如此避开了具有高矫顽力的第二永磁体23，减小了磁化电流，大幅度降低了磁化难度；
4、与每个第二永磁体23相邻的两个第一永磁体22相较于第二永磁体23对称设置，如此每个第一永磁体22的磁化程度相同，因此永磁电机100的转矩脉动较小。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机转子(20)，其特征在于，所述电机转子(20)包括：
    转子铁芯(21)；
    偶数个第一永磁体(22)，沿所述转子铁芯(21)的周向间隔设置于所述转子铁芯(21)的轴向端面上；以及
    至少两个第二永磁体(23)，所述第二永磁体(23)的矫顽力大于所述第一永磁体(22)的矫顽力，每个所述第二永磁体(23)间隔设置于所述每相邻两对所述第一永磁体(22)之间，且每个所述第二永磁体(23)与其相邻的两个所述第一永磁体(22)之间串联布置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子(20)，其特征在于，沿所述转子铁芯(21)的周向所述偶数个第一永磁体(22)均匀间隔设置，每相邻两个所述第一永磁体(22)之间具有面向所述转子铁芯(21)的中心的夹角，所述第二永磁体(23)设置于所述夹角内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机转子(20)，其特征在于，所述偶数个第一永磁体(22)连线形成的图形的中心与所述转子铁芯(21)的中心重合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电机转子(20)，其特征在于，与每个所述第二永磁体(23)相邻的两个所述第一永磁体(22)相较于所述第二永磁体(23)对称设置。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的电机转子(20)，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体(22)的横截面与所述第二永磁体(23)的横截面均为矩形。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电机转子(20)，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体(22)与所述第二永磁体(23)的尺寸满足关系0.6*L1*Br1＜L2*Br2＜1.1*L1*Br1，0.5*d1＜d2＜0.8*d1；
    其中L1、d1、Br1分别为所述第一永磁体(22)的长度、宽度和剩磁；
    L2、d2、Br2分别为所述第二永磁体(23)的长度、宽度和剩磁。
  7. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的电机转子(20)，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体(22)的横截面形状为开口朝向所述转子铁芯(21)的中心的圆弧形，所述第二永磁体(23)的横截面为矩形。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子(20)，其特征在于，沿所述转子铁芯(21)的周向每相邻两个所述第二永磁体(23)之间的部分磁力线连通形成磁路。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子(20)，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(21)的轴向端面开设有隔磁槽(213)，所述隔磁槽(213)沿所述转子铁芯(21)的周向位于所述第一永磁体(22)的两端。
  10. 一种永磁电机(100)，其特征在于，包括定子(10)及如权利要求1-9任一项所 述的电机转子(20)，所述电机转子(20)可转动地套设于所述定子(10)内。
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