WO2020083278A1 - 集流构件、二次电池和二次电池的制造方法 - Google Patents

集流构件、二次电池和二次电池的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020083278A1
WO2020083278A1 PCT/CN2019/112513 CN2019112513W WO2020083278A1 WO 2020083278 A1 WO2020083278 A1 WO 2020083278A1 CN 2019112513 W CN2019112513 W CN 2019112513W WO 2020083278 A1 WO2020083278 A1 WO 2020083278A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current collecting
collecting member
bent
tab
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/112513
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈元宝
李全坤
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP19874930.1A priority Critical patent/EP3852165B1/en
Publication of WO2020083278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020083278A1/zh
Priority to US17/230,988 priority patent/US20210234175A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/78—Shapes other than plane or cylindrical, e.g. helical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/296—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by terminals of battery packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular, to a current collecting member, a secondary battery, and a method for manufacturing a secondary battery.
  • the secondary battery generally includes an electrode assembly, a case, an electrode terminal, and a current collecting member, and the current collecting member is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly and the electrode terminal.
  • the tab of the electrode assembly is usually welded to the current collecting member, and then the current collecting member and the tab are bent to reduce the space occupied by the current collecting member and the tab.
  • the current collecting member is prone to form a sharp corner at the bend, and when the secondary battery vibrates, the sharp corner easily pierces the tab, thereby reducing the overcurrent capability of the tab and affecting the performance of the secondary battery.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery, which can avoid the rupture of the pole ear and ensure the overcurrent capability of the pole ear.
  • the present invention provides a secondary battery, which includes an electrode assembly, a case, a top cover assembly, and a current collecting member.
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the housing and includes a main body portion and a first tab, and the first tab extends from one end of the main body portion in the lateral direction.
  • the top cover assembly includes a top cover plate and a first electrode terminal provided on the top cover plate, and the top cover plate is connected to the housing.
  • the current collecting member connects the first tab and the first electrode terminal.
  • the current collecting member includes a base plate and a support plate. The base plate is provided on one side of the main body portion in the lateral direction and extends in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction.
  • the support plate extends from the outer end of the base plate in the longitudinal direction and is folded back to the side of the base plate away from the main body portion.
  • the support plate includes a bent portion and a connecting portion, the bent portion is connected to the substrate and bent into an arc shape, the connecting portion extends from the end of the bent portion away from the substrate; the first tab is connected to the connecting portion and bent along the surface of the bent portion .
  • connection part There is a first gap between the connection part and the substrate.
  • first gap gradually decreases in a direction away from the bent portion. It is further preferred that the end of the connecting portion remote from the bent portion is in contact with the substrate.
  • the current collecting member further includes a terminal connection plate that is perpendicular to the substrate and connects the first electrode terminal and the substrate.
  • the cross section of the bent portion is fan-shaped.
  • the base plate and the support plate are integrally formed.
  • the first tab includes a first part, a second part, and a third part.
  • the first part extends from an end of the main body in the lateral direction
  • the second part extends from an end of the first part away from the main body and is bent along the surface of the curved part.
  • the third part extends from the end of the second part away from the first part and is fixed to the connecting part.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: when bending the support plate and the first tab, the present application forms an arc-shaped curved portion at the bend of the support plate, therefore, the contact surface between the first tab and the curved portion It is relatively smooth and there are no sharp corners, thereby reducing the probability of the first polar ear being punctured. At the same time, the bending of the first pole ear along the curved surface of the curved portion can reduce the stress concentration of the first pole ear at the bending position, avoid the breakage of the first pole ear, and ensure the overcurrent capability of the first pole ear.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a secondary battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an electrode assembly of a secondary battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first pole piece according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the secondary battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG 5 is another cross-sectional view of the secondary battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the dotted frame portion of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the secondary electricity forming process according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a current collecting member of a secondary battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the current collecting member of the secondary battery according to the present invention.
  • the secondary battery of the present application may be a lithium ion battery.
  • the secondary battery includes an electrode assembly 1, a case 2, a top cover assembly 3, and a current collecting member 4.
  • the electrode assembly 1 includes a first pole piece 14, a second pole piece 15 and a separator 16, and the separator 16 is disposed between the first pole piece 14 and the second pole piece 15.
  • the electrode assembly 1 is formed by spirally winding the first pole piece 14, the second pole piece 15, and the separator 16, and is formed into an elliptical structure by pressure pressing.
  • the electrode assembly 1 is a core component that realizes the charge and discharge function of the secondary battery.
  • the first pole piece 14 includes a first current collector and a first active material layer coated on the surface of the first current collector.
  • the first pole piece 14 may be a positive pole piece, the first current collector is an aluminum foil, and the first active material layer includes active materials such as lithium manganate and lithium iron phosphate.
  • the active material (such as lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate), binder, conductive agent and solvent can be made into a slurry, and then the slurry is coated on both surfaces of the first current collector.
  • An active material layer can be made into a slurry, and then the slurry is coated on both surfaces of the first current collector.
  • the first current collector is coated with the first active material layer. Referring to FIG. 3, the first active material layer and the area of the first current collector coated with the first active material layer form the first coating area 141 of the first pole piece 14, the first current collector is not coated with the first active material.
  • the region of the layer forms the first uncoated region 142 of the first pole piece 14.
  • the first uncoated regions 142 may be plural and arranged at intervals. After the first pole piece 14 is wound and formed, the plurality of first uncoated regions 142 are stacked together.
  • the second pole piece 15 includes a second current collector and a second active material layer coated on the surface of the second current collector.
  • the second active material layer and the area of the second current collector coated with the second active material layer form a second
  • the second coated area of the pole piece 15 and the area where the second current collector does not coat the second active material layer form the second uncoated area of the second pole piece 15.
  • the second uncoated regions may be multiple and arranged at intervals. After the second pole piece 15 is wound and formed, the multiple second uncoated regions are stacked together.
  • the structure of the second pole piece 15 is similar to the structure of the first pole piece 14 except that the material of the second current collector may be copper foil, and the second active material layer includes active materials such as graphite or silicon.
  • the separator 16 may be a polyethylene (PE) film, a polypropylene (PP) film, or PP ⁇ PE ⁇ PP three-layer composite film.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • the first coating area 141 of the first pole piece 14, the separator 16, and the second coating area of the second pole piece 15 form the body portion 11 of the electrode assembly 1, the first pole piece 14 A plurality of first uncoated regions 142 are stacked together and serve as the first tab 12 of the electrode assembly 1, and a plurality of second uncoated regions of the second pole piece 15 are stacked together and serve as the second of the electrode assembly 1 ⁇ ⁇ 13.
  • the winding axis of the electrode assembly 1 is parallel to the lateral direction X, the first tab 12 extends from one end of the main body portion 11 along the lateral direction X, and the second tab 13 extends from the main body portion 11 along the other end of the lateral direction X.
  • the housing 2 may have a hexahedral shape or other shapes.
  • a housing cavity is formed inside the case 2 to accommodate the electrode assembly 1 and the electrolyte.
  • the case 2 forms an opening at one end, and the electrode assembly 1 can be placed into the receiving cavity of the case 2 through the opening.
  • the housing 2 may be made of a conductive metal material.
  • the housing 2 is made of highly reliable aluminum or aluminum alloy.
  • the top cover assembly 3 includes a top cover plate 31, a first electrode terminal 32 and a second electrode terminal 33.
  • the top cover plate 31 is provided in the case 2 and covers the opening of the case 2, thereby closing the electrode assembly 1 in the case 2.
  • the top cover plate 31 can be connected to the housing 2 by welding.
  • the first electrode terminal 32 and the second electrode terminal 33 are provided on the cover plate 31, the first electrode terminal 32 is electrically connected to the first tab 12, and the second electrode terminal 33 is electrically connected to the second tab 132.
  • the current collecting member 4 connects the first tab 12 and the first electrode terminal 32.
  • the current collecting member 4 includes a base plate 41 and a support plate 42, and the base plate 41 is provided on one side of the main body portion 11 in the lateral direction X and extends in a direction perpendicular to the lateral direction X.
  • the support plate 42 extends from the outer end of the base plate 41 in the longitudinal direction Y and is folded back to the side of the base plate 41 away from the main body portion 11, and the support plate 42 overlaps the base plate 41 in the lateral direction X.
  • the support plate 42 includes a bent portion 421 connected to the substrate 41 and bent into an arc shape, and a connecting portion 422 extending from an end of the bent portion 421 away from the substrate 41.
  • the first tab 12 is connected to the connecting portion 422 and is bent along the surface of the bent portion 421.
  • the base plate 41 and the support plate 42 are preferably formed integrally.
  • the current collecting member 4 is generally bent into a U shape.
  • the support plate 42 is generally perpendicular to the base plate 41; After the welding of the ear 12 is completed, the support plate 42 and the first pole ear 12 are bent again to reduce the space occupied by the support plate 42 in the lateral direction X.
  • the present application forms an arc-shaped curved portion 421 at the bend of the support plate 42, therefore, the contact surface between the first tab 12 and the curved portion 421 is relatively smooth There are no sharp corners, thereby reducing the probability of the first pole ear 12 being punctured.
  • the bending of the first pole ear 12 along the curved surface of the curved portion 421 can reduce the stress concentration of the first pole ear 12 at the bending position, prevent the first pole ear 12 from breaking, and ensure that the first pole ear 12 is over ⁇ Flow capacity.
  • the current collecting member 4 further includes a terminal connection plate 43 that is perpendicular to the substrate 41 and connects the first electrode terminal 32 and the substrate 41.
  • the terminal connection plate 43 may be connected to the first electrode terminal 32 by welding.
  • the substrate 41 may be bent downward from one end of the terminal connection plate 43 in the lateral direction X.
  • the substrate 41, the support plate 42, and the terminal connection plate 43 are integrally formed.
  • the first tab 12 includes a first portion 121, a second portion 122 and a third portion 123.
  • the first portion 121 extends from one end of the main body portion 11 in the lateral direction X, and the second portion 122 extends away from the main body portion
  • One end of 11 extends and is bent along the surface of the bent portion 421, and the third portion 123 extends from the end of the second portion 122 away from the first portion 121 and is fixed to the connecting portion 422.
  • the first tab 12 is composed of a plurality of first uncoated regions 142 stacked and each first uncoated region 142 is a metal foil with a small thickness.
  • a plurality of first uncoated areas 142 are fixed to the connection portion 422 by ultrasonic welding.
  • the plurality of first uncoated regions 142 are bent along the bent portion 421; if the bent portion 421 is formed with a sharp angle, the first uncoated region 142 near the bent portion 421 is easily punctured,
  • the curved portion 421 is arc-shaped, and the force between the curved portion 421 and the first uncoated region 142 is more uniform, so the first uncoated region 142 close to the curved portion 421 is not easily punctured broken.
  • the cross section of the curved portion 421 is fan-shaped, and the surface of the curved portion 421 that contacts the second portion 122 is an arc surface.
  • the arc surface can make the force between the bent portion 421 and the second portion 122 more uniform, and reduce the stress concentration.
  • a first gap G1 is left between the connection portion 422 and the substrate 41.
  • the diameter of the bent portion 421 can be increased, thereby improving the effect of releasing stress and preventing the first tab 12 from breaking.
  • the first gap G1 gradually decreases in a direction away from the bent portion 421, in other words, the connection portion 422 is inclined toward the substrate 41.
  • the curvature of the curved portion 421 can be increased (refer to FIG. 8, when the connecting portion 422 is parallel to the substrate 41, the center angle of the curved portion 421 is equal to 180 degrees; referring to FIG. 9, when the connecting portion 422 is inclined, The center angle of the bent portion 421 is greater than 180 degrees), which increases the contact area between the bent portion 421 and the first tab 12, thereby more effectively dispersing stress and avoiding stress concentration.
  • an insulating sheet is usually provided between the electrode assembly 1 and the case 2.
  • the electrode assembly 1, the top cover assembly 3, and the current collecting member 4 are usually assembled together, and then the electrode assembly 1 is assembled into the case 2;
  • the flow member 4 and the first tab 12 easily come into contact with the insulating sheet. If the connection portion 422 is parallel to the substrate 41, the free end (there is a sharp corner) of the first tab 12 is easily contacted with the insulating sheet when it is inserted into the case, resulting in damage to the insulating sheet and affecting the safety performance of the secondary battery.
  • the connecting portion 422 is inclined toward the substrate 41, the second portion 122 of the first tab 12 is likely to come into contact with the insulating sheet when it is inserted into the case, and the surface of the second portion 122 is bent in an arc shape. Smooth, so it is not easy to damage the insulating sheet, thereby improving the safety performance of the secondary battery.
  • the end of the connecting portion 422 away from the bent portion 421 is in contact with the substrate 41, so that the curvature of the bent portion 421 can be maximized, thereby avoiding stress concentration.
  • the electrode assembly 1 is usually provided in plural and arranged along the longitudinal direction Y. There are two support plates 42 extending from both ends of the base plate 41 along the longitudinal direction Y, and the two support plates 42 are relatively bent. A part of the first tab 12 of the electrode assembly 1 may be welded to one support plate 42, and the remaining part of the first tab 12 of the electrode assembly 1 may be welded to another support plate 42.
  • a second gap G2 is left between the connecting portions 422 of the two support plates 42.
  • a second gap G2 is reserved between the two support plates 42 to prevent the two support plates 42 from overlapping when bent, and to prevent the support plates 42 from occupying too much space in the lateral direction X.
  • the secondary battery in the above embodiments can be manufactured by the following manufacturing method:
  • S1 bending the current collecting plate to form a bending structure, wherein the bending structure includes a base plate 41 and a supporting plate 42 that are relatively bent, and the supporting plate 42 extends from the outer end of the base plate 41 along the longitudinal direction Y;
  • the current collecting plate has a metal plate structure and can conduct electricity.
  • the formed substrate 41 is substantially perpendicular to the support plate 42.
  • the plate surface of the base plate 41 is perpendicular to the lateral direction X
  • the plate surface of the supporting plate 42 is substantially parallel to the lateral direction X.
  • the bent structure is placed on the side of the main body portion 11 of the electrode assembly 1 along the horizontal direction X.
  • the bending structure may include a supporting plate 42. Therefore, the bending structure is generally L-shaped.
  • the bending structure includes two support plates 42 and both support plates 42 extend from both ends of the substrate 41 in the longitudinal direction Y. Therefore, the folding The curved structure is roughly U-shaped.
  • the electrode assembly 1 As shown in FIG. 7, in the electrode assembly 1, after the first tab 12 protrudes from the body portion 11, it extends substantially in the lateral direction X, that is, it is substantially the same as the extending direction of the support plate 42. At this time, the first tab 12 The support plate 42 can be bonded, and the bonding area of the two is large.
  • the first tab 12 and the support plate 42 may be connected by laser welding or the like. And when the secondary battery includes a plurality of electrode assemblies 1, part of the first tab 12 of the electrode assembly 1 is welded to one support plate 42, and part of the first tab 12 of the other electrode assembly 1 is welded to the other support plate 42.
  • the support plate 42 includes an arc-shaped curved portion 421
  • the connecting portion 422 is connected to the bent portion 421 and the substrate 41.
  • the connecting portion 422 extends from the end of the bent portion 421 away from the substrate 41 to form the current collecting member 4.
  • the bent structure can achieve the purpose of the first tab 12 and the first electrode terminal 32, but at this time, the first tab 12 and the support plate 42 Extending along the lateral direction X, in order to reduce the space occupied by the secondary battery along the lateral direction X, the first tab 12 and the support plate 42 are bent again so that the support plate 42 is close to the substrate 41.
  • the support plate 41 and the first tab 12 are bent, since the bent portion of the support plate 41 has an arc-shaped curved portion 421, the contact surface between the first tab 12 and the curved portion 421 is smooth, There are no sharp corners, thereby reducing the probability of the first tab 12 being punctured, and the first tab 12 is bent along the curved surface of the curved portion 421, which can reduce the stress concentration of the first tab 12 at the bend, The first pole ear 12 is prevented from breaking, and the overcurrent capability of the first pole ear 12 is ensured.
  • step S3 when the first tab 12 and the support plate 42 are bent, the support plate 42 is bent until the end of the connecting portion 422 away from the bent portion 421 contacts the support plate 42.
  • the first gap G1 between the connecting portion 422 and the substrate 41 gradually increases away from the curved portion 421 Decreasing, that is, in a direction away from the curved portion 421, the connecting portion 422 is inclined in a direction close to the substrate, thereby increasing the curvature of the curved portion 421, and further increasing the contact area of the curved portion 421 with the first tab 12.
  • the manufacturing method described above is a method of connecting the current collecting member 4 to the electrode assembly 1, and the manufacturing method may further include: forming the electrode assembly 1 and connecting the top cover assembly 3 to the current collecting member 4, thereby The electrode assembly 1, the top cover assembly 3, and the current collecting member 4 are assembled together, and then the electrode assembly 1 is installed in the case 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种集流构件、二次电池和二次电池的制造方法，二次电池包括电极组件、壳体、顶盖组件以及集流构件。电极组件收容于壳体内且包括主体部和第一极耳，第一极耳从主体部沿横向的一端延伸。顶盖组件包括顶盖板和设置于顶盖板的第一电极端子，顶盖板连接于壳体。集流构件连接第一极耳和第一电极端子。集流构件包括基板和支撑板，基板设置于主体部沿横向的一侧并沿垂直于横向的方向延伸，支撑板从基板沿纵向的外端延伸并回折到基板的远离主体部的一侧。支撑板包括弯曲部和连接部，弯曲部与基板相连并弯折为弧形，连接部从弯曲部的远离基板的一端延伸；第一极耳连接于连接部并沿着弯曲部的表面弯折。

Description

集流构件、二次电池和二次电池的制造方法
本申请要求于2018年10月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为201821752622.X、发明名称为“二次电池”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种集流构件、二次电池和二次电池的制造方法。
背景技术
二次电池通常包括电极组件、壳体、电极端子和集流构件，集流构件用于电连接电极组件和电极端子。在二次电池的成型过程中，通常先将电极组件的极耳焊接到集流构件，然后在弯折集流构件和极耳，以减小集流构件和极耳占用的空间。但是，集流构件容易在弯折处形成尖角，当二次电池震动时，所述尖角容易刺破极耳，进而减小极耳的过流能力，影响二次电池的性能。
申请内容
鉴于背景技术中存在的问题，本实用新型的目的在于提供一种二次电池，其能避免极耳破裂，保证极耳的过流能力。
为了实现上述目的，本实用新型提供了一种二次电池，其包括电极组件、壳体、顶盖组件以及集流构件。电极组件收容于壳体内且包括主体部和第一极耳，第一极耳从主体部沿横向的一端延伸。顶盖组件包括顶盖板和设置于顶盖板的第一电极端子，顶盖板连接于壳体。集流构件连接第一极耳和第一电极端子。集流构件包括基板和支撑板，基板设置于主体部沿横向的一侧并沿垂直于横向的方向延伸，支撑板从基板沿纵向的外端延伸并回折到基板的远离主体部的一侧。支撑板包括弯曲部和连接部，弯曲部与基板相连并弯折 为弧形，连接部从弯曲部的远离基板的一端延伸；第一极耳连接于连接部并沿着弯曲部的表面弯折。
连接部与基板之间留有第一间隙。优选地，沿远离弯曲部的方向，第一间隙逐渐减小。进一步优选地，连接部的远离弯曲部的一端与基板接触。
支撑板为两个且分别从基板沿纵向的两端延伸，两个支撑板相对弯折。沿纵向，两个支撑板的连接部之间留有第二间隙。
集流构件还包括端子连接板，端子连接板垂直于基板并连接第一电极端子和基板。
弯曲部的截面为扇形。
基板和支撑板整体形成。
第一极耳包括第一部分、第二部分以及第三部分，第一部分从主体部沿横向的一端延伸，第二部分从第一部分的远离主体部的一端延伸并沿着弯曲部的表面弯折，第三部分从第二部分远离第一部分的一端延伸且固定于连接部。
本实用新型的有益效果如下：在弯折支撑板和第一极耳时，本申请在支撑板的弯折处形成弧形的弯曲部，因此，第一极耳与弯曲部之间的接触面比较平滑，不存在尖角，从而降低第一极耳被刺破的概率。同时，第一极耳沿着弯曲部的弧形表面弯折，可以降低第一极耳在弯折处的应力集中，避免第一极耳断裂，保证第一极耳的过流能力。
附图说明
图1为根据本实用新型的二次电池的一剖视图。
图2为根据本实用新型的二次电池的电极组件的断面图。
图3为根据本实用新型的第一极片的示意图。
图4为根据本实用新型的二次电池的一分解图。
图5为根据本实用新型的二次电池的另一剖视图。
图6为图5虚线框部分的放大图。
图7为根据本实用新型的二次电在成型过程中的一示意图。
图8为根据本实用新型的二次电池的集流构件的一实施例的断面图。
图9为根据本实用新型的二次电池的集流构件的另一实施例的断面图。
其中，附图标记说明如下：
1电极组件                       31顶盖板
11主体部                        32第一电极端子
12第一极耳                      33第二电极端子
121第一部分                     4集流构件
122第二部分                     41基板
123第三部分                     42支撑板
13第二极耳                      421弯曲部
14第一极片                      422连接部
141第一涂覆区                   43端子连接板
142第一未涂覆区                 G1第一间隙
15第二极片                      G2第二间隙
16隔膜                          X横向
2壳体                           Y纵向
3顶盖组件                       Z高度方向
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有开展创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，使用“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
本申请的二次电池可为锂离子电池。
参照图1和图4，二次电池包括电极组件1、壳体2、顶盖组件3以及集流构件4。
参照图2，电极组件1包括第一极片14、第二极片15和隔膜16，隔膜16设置于第一极片14和第二极片15之间。电极组件1通过螺旋地卷绕第一极片14、第二极片15和隔膜16来形成，并通过压力按压形成椭圆形结构。电极组件1为二次电池实现充放电功能的核心部件。
第一极片14包括第一集流体和涂覆于第一集流体表面的第一活性物质层。第一极片14可为正极极片，第一集流体为铝箔，第一活性物质层包括锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂等活性材料。可将活性材料(例如锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂)、粘结剂、导电剂及溶剂制成浆料，然后将浆料涂布在第一集流体的两个表面，浆料固化后形成第一活性物质层。
第一集流体仅部分区域涂覆有第一活性物质层。参照图3，第一活性物质层以及第一集流体的涂覆有第一活性物质层的区域形成第一极片14的第一涂覆区141，第一集流体未涂覆第一活性物质层的区域形成第一极片14的第一未涂覆区142。所述第一未涂覆区142可为多个并间隔布置，当第一极片14卷绕成型后，所述多个第一未涂覆区142层叠在一起。
第二极片15包括第二集流体和涂覆于第二集流体表面的第二活性物质层，第二活性物质层以及第二集流体的涂覆有第二活性物质层的区域形成第二极片15的第二涂覆区，第二集流体未涂覆第二活性物质层的区域形成第二极片15的第二未涂覆区。所述第二未涂覆区可为多个并间隔布置，当第二极片15卷绕成型后，所述多个第二未涂覆区层叠在一起。第二极片15的结构与第一极片14的结构相似，其区别在于，第二集流体的材质可为铜箔，第二活性物质层包括石墨或硅等活性材料。
隔膜16可为聚乙烯(PE)膜、聚丙烯(PP)膜、PP\PE\PP三层复合膜。
在电极组件1卷绕成型后，第一极片14的第一涂覆区141、隔膜16以及第二极片15的第二涂覆区形成电极组件1的主体部11，第一极片14的多个第一未涂覆区142层叠在一起并作为电极组件1的第一极耳12，第二极片15的多个第二未涂覆区层叠在一起并作为电极组件1的第二极耳13。
电极组件1的卷绕轴平行于横向X，第一极耳12从主体部11沿横向X的一端延伸，第二极耳13从主体部11沿横向X的另一端延伸。
参照图4，壳体2可具有六面体形状或其它形状。壳体2内部形成收容腔，以容纳电极组件1和电解液。壳体2在一端形成开口，而电极组件1可 经由所述开口放置到壳体2的收容腔。壳体2可由导电金属的材料制成，优选地，壳体2由可靠性高的铝或铝合金制成。
顶盖组件3包括顶盖板31、第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33。顶盖板31设置于壳体2并覆盖壳体2的开口，从而将电极组件1封闭在壳体2内。顶盖板31可通过焊接的方式连接于壳体2。第一电极端子32和第二电极端子33设置于盖板31，且第一电极端子32电连接于第一极耳12，第二电极端子33电连接于第二极耳132。
集流构件4连接第一极耳12和第一电极端子32。
具体地，参照图4至图6，集流构件4包括基板41和支撑板42，基板41设置于主体部11沿横向X的一侧并沿垂直于横向X的方向延伸。支撑板42从基板41沿纵向Y的外端延伸并回折到基板41的远离主体部11的一侧，在横向X上，支撑板42与基板41重叠。
支撑板42包括弯曲部421和连接部422，弯曲部421与基板41相连并弯折为弧形，连接部422从弯曲部421的远离基板41的一端延伸。第一极耳12连接于连接部422并沿着弯曲部421的表面弯折。基板41和支撑板42优选整体形成。
参照图7，为了便于焊接支撑板42和第一极耳12，通常先将集流构件4弯折为U形，此时，支撑板42大体垂直于基板41；当支撑板42和第一极耳12焊接完成后，再弯折支撑板42和第一极耳12，以减小支撑板42在横向X上占用的空间。
在弯折支撑板42和第一极耳12时，本申请在支撑板42的弯折处形成弧形的弯曲部421，因此，第一极耳12与弯曲部421之间的接触面比较平滑，不存在尖角，从而降低第一极耳12被刺破的概率。同时，第一极耳12沿着弯曲部421的弧形表面弯折，可以降低第一极耳12在弯折处的应力集中，避免第一极耳12断裂，保证第一极耳12的过流能力。
参照图1，集流构件4还包括端子连接板43，端子连接板43垂直于基板41并连接第一电极端子32和基板41。端子连接板43可通过焊接连接到第一电极端子32。基板41可从端子连接板43沿横向X的一端朝下弯折。基板41、支撑板42和端子连接板43整体形成。
参照图6，第一极耳12包括第一部分121、第二部分122以及第三部分123，第一部分121从主体部11沿横向X的一端延伸，第二部分122从第一部分121的远离主体部11的一端延伸并沿着弯曲部421的表面弯折，第三部分123从第二部分122远离第一部分121的一端延伸且固定于连接部422。
第一极耳12由层叠设置的多个第一未涂覆区142组成，而各第一未涂覆区142均是厚度较小的金属箔材。在第三部分123，多个第一未涂覆区142通过超声波焊接固定到连接部422。在第二部分122，多个第一未涂覆区142沿着弯曲部421弯折；如果弯曲部421形成有尖角，靠近弯曲部421的第一未涂覆区142很容易被刺破，而在本申请中，弯曲部421为弧形，弯曲部421与第一未涂覆区142之间的作用力更为均匀，所以靠近弯曲部421的第一未涂覆区142不容易被刺破。
参照图8和图9，弯曲部421的截面为扇形，弯曲部421的与第二部分122接触的表面为圆弧面。圆弧面可以使弯曲部421与第二部分122之间的作用力更为均匀，降低应力集中。
连接部422与基板41之间留有第一间隙G1。通过设置第一间隙G1，可以增大弯曲部421的直径，从而提高释放应力的效果，避免第一极耳12断裂。
优选地，参照图9，沿远离弯曲部421的方向，第一间隙G1逐渐减小，换句话说，连接部422朝靠近基板41的方向倾斜。连接部422倾斜时，可以增大弯曲部421的弧度(参照图8，当连接部422平行于基板41时，弯曲部421的圆心角等于180度；参照图9，当连接部422倾斜时，弯曲部421的圆心角大于180度)，提高弯曲部421与第一极耳12的接触面积，从而更有效地分散应力，避免应力集中。
在二次电池中，为避免电极组件1与壳体2接触，防止短路，通常会在电极组件1和壳体2之间设置绝缘片。在二次电池的成型过程中，通常先将电极组件1、顶盖组件3和集流构件4装配在一起，然后再将电极组件1装入壳体2中；在入壳的过程中，集流构件4和第一极耳12容易与绝缘片接触。如果连接部422平行于基板41，那么在入壳时，第一极耳12的自由端(存在尖角)容易与绝缘片接触，从而导致绝缘片被损伤，影响二次电池的安全性能。而如果连接部422朝靠近基板41的方向倾斜，那么在入壳时，第一极 耳12的第二部分122容易与绝缘片接触，而由于第二部分122整体弯折为弧形，表面比较平滑，所以不容易损伤绝缘片，从而提高二次电池的安全性能。
进一步地，连接部422的远离弯曲部421的一端与基板41接触，这样可以使弯曲部421的弧度最大化，从而避免应力集中。
为了提高二次电池的容量，电极组件1通常设置为多个且沿纵向Y布置。支撑板42为两个且分别从基板41沿纵向Y的两端延伸，两个支撑板42相对弯折。一部分的电极组件1的第一极耳12可焊接到一个支撑板42，剩余部分的电极组件1的第一极耳12可焊接到另一个支撑板42。
沿纵向Y，两个支撑板42的连接部422之间留有第二间隙G2。在两个支撑板42之间预留第二间隙G2，可以避免两个支撑板42在弯折时重叠，防止支撑板42在横向X上占用过多的空间。
另外，上述各实施例中的二次电池可通过下述制作方法制造：
S1：将集流板折弯形成折弯结构，其中，折弯结构包括相对弯折的基板41和支撑板42，且支撑板42从基板41沿纵向Y的外端延伸；
该步骤中，集流板为金属板状结构，且能够导电，该集流板弯折形成弯折结构后，如图7所示，形成的基板41与支撑板42大致垂直。同时，当该弯折结构处于图7所示的视角时，基板41的板面与横向X垂直，支撑板42的板面与横向X大致平行。且制造二次电池时，将该弯折结构放置于电极组件1主体部11沿横向X一侧。
当二次电池包括一个电极组件1时，该折弯结构包括一个支撑板42即可，因此，该折弯结构大致呈L型。当二次电池包括多个沿纵向Y布置的电极组件1时，该折弯结构包括两个支撑板42，且两个支撑板42均从基板41沿纵向Y的两端延伸，因此，该折弯结构大致呈U型。
S2：将第一极耳12与支撑板42连接。
如图7所示，电极组件1中，其第一极耳12从主体部11伸出后，大致沿横向X延伸，即与支撑板42的延伸方向大致相同，此时，第一极耳12与支撑板42能够贴合，且二者的贴合面积较大。
该步骤中，第一极耳12与支撑板42之间可采用激光焊接等方式连接。且当二次电池包括多个电极组件1时，一部分电极组件1的第一极耳12焊接 于一个支撑板42，另一部分电极组件1的第一极耳12焊接到另一个支撑板42。
S3：将连接的第一极耳12与支撑板42折弯，以使支撑板42回折到基板41沿横向X的一侧，同时，折弯后，该支撑板42包括弧形的弯曲部421和连接部422,且该弯曲部421与基板41连接，连接部422从弯曲部421的远离基板41的一端延伸，从而形成集流构件4。
上述步骤中，第一极耳12与支撑板42连接后，该弯折结构能够实现第一极耳12与第一电极端子32的目的，但是，此时的第一极耳12与支撑板42沿横向X延伸，为了减小二次电池沿横向X的占用空间，将第一极耳12与支撑板42再次折弯，以使支撑板42靠近基板41。
同时，在弯折支撑板41与第一极耳12时，由于支撑板41的弯折处具有弧形的弯曲部421，因此，第一极耳12与弯曲部421之间的接触面平滑，不存在尖角，从而降低第一极耳12被刺破的概率，且第一极耳12沿弯曲部421的弧形表面弯折，可以降低第一极耳12在弯折处的应力集中，避免第一极耳12断裂，保证第一极耳12的过流能力。
该步骤中，当二次电池包括多个电极组件1时，两个支撑板42相对弯折。
具体地，上述步骤S3中，折弯第一极耳12与支撑板42时，将支撑板42折弯至连接部422远离弯曲部421的端部与支撑板42抵接。
本实施例中，连接部422远离弯曲部421的端部与支撑板42抵接时，如图9所示，连接部422与基板41之间的第一间隙G1沿远离弯曲部421的方向逐渐减小，即沿远离弯曲部421的方向，连接部422沿靠近基板的方向倾斜，从而增大弯曲部421的弧度，进一步增大弯曲部421与第一极耳12的接触面积。
需要说明的是，以上所述的制造方法为集流构件4与电极组件1连接的方法，该制造方法还可以包括：电极组件1的成型、顶盖组件3与集流构件4的连接，从而将电极组件1、顶盖组件3和集流构件4装配在一起，然后将电极组件1装入壳体2中。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种集流构件(4)，其特征在于，所述集流构件(4)包括基板(41)和支撑板(42)，基板(41)沿垂直于横向(X)的方向延伸，支撑板(42)从基板(41)沿纵向(Y)的外端延伸并回折到基板(41)沿横向(X)的一侧；
    支撑板(42)包括弯曲部(421)和连接部(422)，弯曲部(421)与基板(41)相连并弯折为弧形，连接部(422)从弯曲部(421)的远离基板(41)的一端延伸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的集流构件(4)，其特征在于，连接部(422)与基板(41)之间留有第一间隙(G1)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的集流构件(4)，其特征在于，沿远离弯曲部(421)的方向，第一间隙(G1)逐渐减小。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的集流构件(4)，其特征在于，连接部(422)的远离弯曲部(421)的一端与基板(41)接触。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的集流构件(4)，其特征在于，支撑板(42)为两个且分别从基板(41)沿纵向(Y)的两端延伸，两个支撑板(42)相对弯折。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的集流构件(4)，其特征在于，沿纵向(Y)，两个支撑板(42)的连接部(422)之间留有第二间隙(G2)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的集流构件(4)，其特征在于，集流构件(4)还包括端子连接板(43)，端子连接板(43)垂直于基板(41)并连接基板(41)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的集流构件(4)，其特征在于，弯曲部(421)的截面为扇形。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的集流构件(4)，其特征在于，基板(41)和支撑板(42)整体形成。
  10. 一种二次电池，包括电极组件(1)、壳体(2)、顶盖组件(3)以及集流构件(4)；
    电极组件(1)收容于壳体(2)内且包括主体部(11)和第一极耳(12)，第一极耳(12)从主体部(11)沿横向(X)的一端延伸；
    顶盖组件(3)包括顶盖板(31)和设置于顶盖板(31)的第一电极端子(32)，顶盖板(31)连接于壳体(2)；
    集流构件(4)连接第一极耳(12)和第一电极端子(32)；
    集流构件(4)为权利要求1～9中任一项所述的集流构件(4)；
    基板(41)设置于主体部(11)沿横向(X)的一侧，支撑板(42)回折到基板(41)的远离主体部(11)的一侧；
    第一极耳(12)连接于连接部(422)并沿着弯曲部(421)的表面弯折。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的二次电池，其特征在于，第一极耳(12)包括第一部分(121)、第二部分(122)以及第三部分(123)，第一部分(121)从主体部(11)沿横向(X)的一端延伸，第二部分(122)从第一部分(121)的远离主体部(11)的一端延伸并沿着弯曲部(421)的表面弯折，第三部分(123)从第二部分(122)远离第一部分(121)的一端延伸且固定于连接部(422)。
  12. 一种二次电池的制造方法，其特征在于，所述二次电池包括电极组件(1)和集流构件(4)；电极组件(1)包括主体部(11)和第一极耳(12)，第一极耳(12)从主体部(11)沿横向(X)的一端延伸；
    所述制造方法包括：
    将集流板折弯形成折弯结构，其中，折弯结构包括相对弯折的基板(41)和支撑板(42)，且支撑板(42)从基板(41)沿纵向(Y)的外端延伸；
    将第一极耳(12)与支撑板(42)连接；
    将连接的第一极耳(12)与支撑板(42)折弯，且折弯过程中，支撑板(42)形成弯曲部(421)和连接部(422)，其中，弯曲部(421)位于所述支撑板(42)的弯折处，且为弧形，连接部(422)从弯曲部(421)远离基板(41)的一端延伸，基板(42)、弯曲部(421)和连接部(422)形成集流构件(4)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的二次电池的制造方法，其特征在于，将连接的第一极耳(12)与支撑板(42)折弯时，所述制造方法还包括：
    将连接的第一极耳(12)与支撑板(42)折弯至连接部(422)远离弯曲部(421)的端部与支撑板(42)抵接。
PCT/CN2019/112513 2018-10-26 2019-10-22 集流构件、二次电池和二次电池的制造方法 WO2020083278A1 (zh)

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