WO2020073616A1 - 换热器、空调器和制冷设备 - Google Patents

换热器、空调器和制冷设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073616A1
WO2020073616A1 PCT/CN2019/078858 CN2019078858W WO2020073616A1 WO 2020073616 A1 WO2020073616 A1 WO 2020073616A1 CN 2019078858 W CN2019078858 W CN 2019078858W WO 2020073616 A1 WO2020073616 A1 WO 2020073616A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermally conductive
heat exchanger
heat
fins
exchanger according
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/078858
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尚秀玲
黎海华
王新雷
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Midea Group Co Ltd
GD Midea Air Conditioning Equipment Co Ltd
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Midea Group Co Ltd
GD Midea Air Conditioning Equipment Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2020073616A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073616A1/zh
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, and in particular, to heat exchangers, air conditioners and refrigeration equipment.
  • the most used heat exchangers are tube-fin type. After overlapping multiple layers of fins, they penetrate into copper tubes. In order to reduce the corrosion rate of fins and extend their service life, organic coatings are usually applied to the fins.
  • the thermal conductivity of polyester is about 0.018 ⁇ 0.048W / m ⁇ K
  • the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin is 0.15 ⁇ 0.20W / m ⁇ K
  • the thermal conductivity of aluminum foil fins can reach 203.5W / m ⁇ K, so the low thermal conductivity of the organic coating makes the heat transfer efficiency between the fins and the organic coating low, further restricting the overall heat exchanger Heat exchange efficiency.
  • the copper tube and the fin are expanded through the copper tube to achieve contact between the two, but the copper tube and the fin cannot be in full contact, and the thermal conductivity of the copper copper tube is 383.8W / m ⁇ K, commonly used aluminum foil fin
  • the thermal conductivity of is about 203.5W / m ⁇ K
  • the thermal conductivity of air is about 0.0262W / m ⁇ K. It can be seen from the above parameters that the thermal conductivity of air is significantly lower than that of the other two metal materials, between the copper tube and the fin
  • the existence of a part of the gap (air) will reduce the heat exchange efficiency between the copper tube and the fins. Fin heat dissipation has become a key factor restricting the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, which affects the performance of the whole machine.
  • an object of the present disclosure is to propose a heat exchanger having the advantages of high heat exchange efficiency, strong corrosion resistance, or long service life.
  • the disclosure provides a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger includes: a plurality of fins, the plurality of fins are arranged side by side; a heat conduction tube, the heat conduction tube is passed through the plurality of fins; an organic coating, The organic coating is provided on an outer surface of at least a portion of at least one of the fins, the organic coating includes a coating base and a thermally conductive powder dispersed in the coating base, wherein the thermally conductive powder The thermal conductivity of the body is greater than the thermal conductivity of the coated substrate.
  • the addition of thermally conductive powder with a larger thermal conductivity can greatly increase the thermal conductivity of the organic coating, improve the heat exchange efficiency between the fins and the air, and thus improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the shape of the thermally conductive powder is at least one selected from the group consisting of spherical, strip, needle, flat, and lamellar.
  • the selectivity of the thermally conductive powder is wide.
  • the largest dimension of the thermally conductive powder in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the organic coating is less than 80% of the thickness of the coating substrate.
  • the size of the thermally conductive powder is 1 nm-5000 nm. In this way, not only can the thermal conductivity of the organic coating be greatly improved, the heat exchange efficiency between the fin and the air can be maximized, but also the corrosion resistance of the coating substrate can be maintained to the greatest extent, and the fin can be slowed down. Corrosion rate, which in turn ensures that the fins have a long service life.
  • the thermally conductive powder is selected from boron nitride, graphene, aluminum oxide, or silicon carbide.
  • the volume ratio of the thermally conductive powder is 0.5% to 30%.
  • the heat exchanger further includes a heat conductive medium, the heat conductive medium is disposed between the fin and the heat pipe, and is in contact with the fin and the heat pipe, and
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive medium is greater than that of air. Therefore, the air gap between the fin and the heat pipe can be effectively avoided, and the air gap between the fin and the heat pipe can be replaced by a heat transfer medium with a thermal conductivity greater than air, which can significantly reduce the thermal resistance between the heat pipe and the fin To further increase the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the thermally conductive medium is thermally conductive adhesive.
  • the thermally conductive adhesive not only has good thermal conductivity, but also is relatively easy to cure and mold, and will not adversely affect the corrosion resistance of the thermally conductive tube and the fins.
  • thermally conductive particles are dispersed in the thermally conductive medium.
  • the thermally conductive particles form a thermally conductive channel in the thermally conductive medium, which can further increase the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive medium and further reduce the thermal resistance between the thermally conductive tube and the fins, that is, improve the heat transfer efficiency between the thermally conductive tube and the fins, This improves the overall heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the thermally conductive particles are selected from boron nitride, graphene, aluminum oxide, or silicon carbide.
  • the thermally conductive particles have better thermal conductivity.
  • the particle diameter of the thermally conductive particles is 1 nanometer to 100 micrometers.
  • the purpose of improving the heat exchange efficiency can be better achieved.
  • the particle diameters of the thermally conductive particles dispersed in the thermally conductive medium are unevenly set. In this way, it is more conducive to improving the thermal conductivity of the heat-conducting medium and better reducing the thermal resistance between the heat-conducting tube and the fins.
  • the volume ratio of the heat conductive particles is 20% to 90%. In this way, not only can the thermal resistance of the heat pipe and the fins be better reduced, but also the heat conductive medium can be guaranteed to have a certain strength, which is convenient for processing.
  • the present disclosure provides an air conditioner.
  • the air conditioner includes the aforementioned heat exchanger. Therefore, the heat exchanger of the air conditioner has a higher heat exchange efficiency, which can improve the performance of the whole machine.
  • the air conditioner has all the features and advantages of the heat exchanger described above, which will not be repeated here. .
  • the present disclosure provides a refrigeration device.
  • the refrigeration equipment includes the aforementioned heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger of the refrigeration equipment has a higher heat exchange efficiency, which can improve the performance of the refrigeration equipment.
  • the refrigeration equipment has all the features and advantages of the heat exchanger described above, no longer one by one here Repeat.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an organic coating in still another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger in another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a heat exchanger in another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a left side view of the structure of the heat exchanger in Fig. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a heat exchanger in another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the disclosure provides a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger includes: a plurality of fins 10, the plurality of fins 10 are arranged side by side; a heat pipe 20, and the heat pipe 20 is penetrated through the plurality of fins 10 Medium; organic coating 40, organic coating 40 is disposed on at least a portion of the outer surface of at least a portion of the fin 10, the organic coating 40 includes a coating substrate 41 and a thermally conductive powder 42 dispersed in the coating substrate 41, wherein The thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive powder 42 is greater than the thermal conductivity of the coating substrate 41.
  • the addition of thermally conductive powder with a larger thermal conductivity can greatly increase the thermal conductivity of the organic coating, improve the heat exchange efficiency between the fins and the air, and thus improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the materials for forming the fins and the heat pipe are not limited, and those skilled in the art can flexibly choose according to the actual situation.
  • the materials forming the fins include but are not limited to aluminum, red copper (such as TP2), oxygen-free copper and other materials with high thermal conductivity.
  • red copper such as TP2
  • oxygen-free copper due to impurities in the oxygen-free copper
  • the materials forming the heat pipe include but are not limited to materials with high thermal conductivity such as red copper and oxygen-free copper.
  • oxygen-free copper due to the low impurity content in oxygen-free copper, not only can Improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, and also have better corrosion resistance.
  • organic coating is provided on the outer surface of at least a part of at least one fin” herein means that the organic coating can be provided on a part of the outer surface of the fin, as shown in FIG. 1, the organic coating 40 is provided Of course, on one surface of the fin 10, the organic coating 40 can also be provided on both surfaces of the fin 10 (see FIG. 3). The arrangement of 40 on both surfaces of the fin 10 can further improve the heat exchange efficiency between the fin and the air.
  • the material forming the coating substrate is at least one selected from polyurethane, polyacrylate, or epoxy resin. Therefore, the coating substrate formed by the above materials can well reduce the corrosion rate of the fins, both improve the corrosion resistance of the fins and prolong their service life; in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the thickness of the coating substrate is 0.5 to 3 microns, and the above-mentioned thickness of the coating substrate can not only achieve the technical effect of protecting the fins and reducing the corrosion rate, but also will not seriously affect the heat exchange efficiency between the fins and the air due to excessive thickness.
  • the shape of the thermally conductive powder is selected from at least one of spherical shape, strip shape, needle shape, flat shape, and lamellar shape. Therefore, the thermal conductive powder has wide selectivity and strong practicability, and can further improve the market competitiveness of the heat exchanger.
  • the size of the thermally conductive powder is too large, so that the solution easily penetrates along the edge of the thermally conductive powder, which is detrimental to corrosion resistance. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the maximum size of the thermally conductive powder in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the organic coating is less than 80% of the thickness of the coating substrate, thus, the effect of improving the thermal conductivity of the organic coating can be achieved, and Can keep the coating with good corrosion resistance.
  • the size of the thermally conductive powder is 1 nm-5000 nm, such as 1 nm, 100 nm, 500 nm, 1000 nm, 1500 nm, 2000 Nanometer, 250 nanometer, 3000 nanometer, 3500 nanometer, 4000 nanometer, 4500 nanometer or 5000 nanometer.
  • the thermal conductivity of the organic coating not only can be greatly improved, the heat exchange efficiency between the fin and the air can be maximized, but also the corrosion resistance of the coating substrate can be maintained to the greatest extent, and the fin can be slowed down. Corrosion rate, which in turn ensures that the fins have a long service life.
  • the thermally conductive powder is selected from boron nitride, graphene, aluminum oxide, or silicon carbide.
  • the thermally conductive powder when the size of the thermally conductive powder is controlled within the range of 1 nanometer to 5000 nanometers, good corrosion resistance of the coating substrate can be ensured, so in order to facilitate the thermal conductive powder
  • the size is processed to the range of 1 nanometer to 5000 nanometers, the thermally conductive powder is boron nitride or graphene, so it is convenient for the thermally conductive powder to be processed into nano-scale thermally conductive powder.
  • the thermally conductive powder There are no restrictions on the specific forms of boron nitride, graphene, aluminum oxide or silicon carbide. Those skilled in the art can flexibly select the form of the thermally conductive powder according to actual needs, and there is no limit requirement here.
  • the volume ratio of the thermally conductive powder is 0.5% to 30% For example, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30%.
  • the coating substrate can be maintained with better corrosion resistance and the fins can have a longer service life; if the volume of the thermally conductive powder The ratio is less than 0.5%, compared with the coating substrate without adding thermal powder, it can still improve the thermal conductivity of the organic coating, but the improvement effect is not obvious; if the volume ratio of thermal powder is higher than 30%, it can be greatly improved The thermal conductivity of organic coatings, but due to the large proportion of thermally conductive powder added, it will seriously affect the corrosion resistance of the coating substrate, which will increase the corrosion rate of the fins and shorten their service life.
  • the specific type and particle size (different particle size) of the thermal conductive powder can be adjusted Combined use of thermally conductive powders can achieve better thermal conductivity) and the amount of addition (volume ratio of thermally conductive powders) to comprehensively adjust the thermal conductivity of the organic coating, so that the organic coating has an increased thermal conductivity of 2 compared to the coating substrate % ⁇ 10%, so the heat exchange efficiency between the fins and the air can be greatly improved, thereby improving the overall heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger further includes a heat conductive medium 30 disposed between the fin 10 and the heat pipe 20 It is in contact with the fins 10 and the heat pipe 20, and the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive medium is greater than that of air. Therefore, the air gap between the fin and the heat pipe can be effectively avoided, and the air gap between the fin and the heat pipe can be replaced by a heat transfer medium with a thermal conductivity greater than air, which can significantly reduce the thermal resistance between the heat pipe and the fin To further increase the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat conductive medium 30 only needs to be disposed between the fin 10 and the heat pipe 20 and in contact with the fin 10 and the heat pipe 20, and a specific setting method can be flexible for those skilled in the art according to actual needs select.
  • a specific setting method can be flexible for those skilled in the art according to actual needs select.
  • the heat-conducting medium is only provided in the region corresponding to the fin 10 and the heat-conducting tube 20, and the heat-conducting medium 30 is not provided on the outer surface of the heat-conducting tube 20 corresponding to the fin 10, or That is to say, the heat conducting medium 30 is only provided at the through holes of the fins 10 through which the heat conducting tube 20 passes, so that the amount of heat conducting medium can be saved; in other embodiments of the present disclosure, in order to facilitate the application of the heat conducting medium, the saving In the coating process, referring to FIG. 6, the heat transfer medium can be coated on the entire outer surface of the heat pipe (that is, the heat transfer medium is provided on the entire outer surface of the heat pipe), and the heat transfer medium is in contact with the fins.
  • the heat-conducting medium is easy to implement and easy to operate, and it is also convenient for the heat-conducting tube to pass through the fins when manufacturing the heat exchanger.
  • the thermally conductive medium is selected as the thermally conductive adhesive.
  • the thermally conductive adhesive not only has good thermal conductivity, but also is relatively easy to cure and mold, and will not adversely affect the corrosion resistance of the thermally conductive tube and the fins.
  • the thermally conductive adhesive is thermally conductive silicone rubber or a curable organic adhesive that is environmentally friendly and non-corrosive to the thermally conductive tubes and fins.
  • the heat transfer medium has good thermal conductivity, thereby reducing the thermal resistance between the heat transfer tube and the fins, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, and also ensuring that the heat transfer medium has no effect on the heat transfer tubes and fins Corrosion, which in turn guarantees a long service life of the heat exchanger.
  • thermally conductive particles are dispersed in the thermally conductive medium.
  • the thermally conductive particles form a thermally conductive channel in the thermally conductive medium, which can further increase the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive medium and further reduce the thermal resistance between the thermally conductive tube and the fins, that is, the heat transfer efficiency between the thermally conductive tube and the fins This improves the overall heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the thermally conductive particles are selected from boron nitride, graphene, aluminum oxide, or silicon carbide.
  • the thermally conductive particles have better thermal conductivity.
  • the heat conductive particles are selected to be non-conductive heat conductive particles such as alumina or boron nitride.
  • the problem of contact corrosion between the heat pipe and the dissimilar metal can be avoided.
  • the specific particle size of the thermally conductive particles has no limit requirements, and those skilled in the art can flexibly set according to actual needs.
  • the particle size of the thermally conductive particles is 1 nanometer to 100 micrometers. Adding the thermally conductive particles within this size range to the thermally conductive medium can better achieve the purpose of improving heat exchange efficiency. If it is large, the distance between the heat transfer tube and the fins will become larger, the thickness of the heat transfer medium between the heat transfer tubes and the fins will increase, which is not conducive to the improvement of the heat transfer efficiency.
  • the particle size of the thermally conductive particles may be 50 nanometers, 100 nanometers, 500 nanometers, 800 nanometers, 1 micrometer, 10 micrometers, 50 micrometers, or 100 micrometers.
  • the particle diameter of the thermally conductive particles dispersed in the thermally conductive medium is unevenly set, that is, the particle size of the thermally conductive particles is uneven, and the use of thermally conductive particles of different particle sizes can make the thermally conductive particles pile up more closely. More heat transfer channels are formed, which is more conducive to improving the thermal conductivity of the heat transfer medium and better reducing the thermal resistance between the heat transfer tube and the fins.
  • the volume ratio of the thermally conductive particles is 20% ⁇ 90%, such as 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90%.
  • the heat conductive medium can be guaranteed to have a certain strength, which is easy to process; if the volume ratio of the heat conductive particles is less than 20%, it is still better than without adding heat conductive particles It can improve the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive medium, but the improvement effect is not obvious; if the volume ratio of the thermally conductive particles is higher than 90%, although the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive medium can be greatly improved and the thermal resistance between the thermally conductive tube and the fins can be reduced, the The large proportion of particles added will seriously affect the strength of the heat transfer medium, which will not be conducive to the processing and coating of the heat transfer medium, which will affect the working life of the heat transfer medium.
  • the thermal conductivity medium can be comprehensively adjusted by adjusting the specific types, particle sizes, and addition amounts of the thermally conductive particles Thermal conductivity, the thermal conductivity of the resulting thermal medium is 1.3 ⁇ 3.0W / m ⁇ K, thus, compared with air (the thermal conductivity of air is about 0.0262W / m ⁇ K), the thermal conductivity is greatly improved, so it can be greatly The thermal resistance between the heat pipe and the fins is reduced, thereby improving the exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger very well.
  • the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger can be increased by 2% to 10%.
  • the present disclosure provides an air conditioner.
  • the air conditioner includes the aforementioned heat exchanger. Therefore, the heat exchanger of the air conditioner has a higher heat exchange efficiency, which can improve the performance of the whole machine.
  • the air conditioner has all the features and advantages of the heat exchanger described above, which will not be repeated here. .
  • the above air conditioner includes the necessary structure or components of the air conditioner in addition to the heat exchanger described above, such as a compressor, a throttle assembly, a four-way valve, a muffler, a capillary tube, a transition tube, Structures or components necessary for air conditioning such as refrigerant pipes or casings.
  • the present disclosure provides a refrigeration device.
  • the refrigeration equipment includes the aforementioned heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger of the refrigeration equipment has a higher heat exchange efficiency, which can improve the performance of the refrigeration equipment.
  • the refrigeration equipment has all the features and advantages of the heat exchanger described above, no longer one by one here Repeat.
  • the refrigeration equipment includes: a refrigerator, a freezer, an ice maker, and the like.
  • the heat exchanger includes a plurality of fins arranged side by side and a heat conducting tube disposed in the plurality of fins, wherein an organic coating containing thermally conductive powder is provided on the outer surface of the fins, wherein the heat
  • the powder is graphene, the size of the graphene is 100nm-500nm, the volume ratio of the graphene is 0.5%; there is a thermally conductive glue containing no thermally conductive particles between the heat pipe and the fins, and the above heat exchanger is arranged in the air conditioner
  • the rated cooling capacity of the air conditioner is 3598W.
  • the heat exchanger includes a plurality of fins arranged side by side and a heat conducting tube disposed in the plurality of fins, wherein an organic coating containing thermally conductive powder is provided on the outer surface of the fins, wherein the heat
  • the powder is graphene, the size of the graphene is 100nm-500nm, the volume ratio of the graphene is 0.5%; there is a thermally conductive glue containing thermally conductive particles between the thermally conductive tube and the fins, and the thermally conductive particles are between 1nm and 500nm in diameter
  • the volume of the alumina particles between them accounts for 80% of the total volume of the thermally conductive adhesive and the thermally conductive particles.
  • the heat exchanger is arranged in an air conditioner with a rated cooling capacity of 3640W.
  • a heat exchanger is provided.
  • the heat exchanger includes a plurality of fins arranged side by side and a heat conduction tube penetrating the plurality of fins, wherein the outer surface of the fins is provided with a coating base body without heat conductive powder, which conducts heat No heat-conducting glue is provided between the tube and the fins.
  • the heat exchanger is arranged in an air conditioner with a rated cooling capacity of 3393W.
  • the heat exchanger includes a plurality of fins arranged side by side and a heat conduction tube penetrating the plurality of fins, wherein the outer surface of the fins is provided with a coating base body without heat conductive powder, which conducts heat Between the tube and the fins, there is a thermally conductive adhesive that does not contain thermally conductive particles, and the above heat exchanger is arranged in an air conditioner whose rated cooling capacity is 3471W.
  • a heat exchanger is provided.
  • the heat exchanger includes a plurality of fins arranged side by side and a heat conduction tube penetrating the plurality of fins, wherein the outer surface of the fins is provided with a coating base body without heat conductive powder, which conducts heat
  • a thermally conductive glue containing thermally conductive particles is arranged between the tube and the fins.
  • the thermally conductive particles are alumina particles with a particle size between 1 nm and 500 nm, and their volume accounts for 80% of the total volume of the thermally conductive glue and thermally conductive particles.
  • the heat exchanger is arranged in an air conditioner with a rated cooling capacity of 3523W.
  • the calculation method of the heat exchange efficiency improvement rate is: (rated cooling capacity of each embodiment and Comparative Example 2-3-rated cooling capacity of Comparative Example 1) / rated cooling capacity of Comparative Example 1.

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Abstract

一种换热器、空调器和制冷设备，所述换热器包括：多个翅片（10），多个翅片（10）并排设置；导热管（20），导热管（20）穿设在多个翅片（10）中；导热介质（30），导热介质（30）设置在翅片（10）和导热管（20）之间，且与翅片（10）和导热管（20）相接触，且导热介质（30）的导热系数大于空气的导热系数。

Description

换热器、空调器和制冷设备
优先权信息
本申请请求2018年10月10日向中国国家知识产权局提交的、专利申请号为201821643713.X的专利申请的优先权和权益，并且通过参照将其全文并入此处。
技术领域
本公开涉及换热器技术领域，具体的，涉及换热器、空调器和制冷设备。
背景技术
目前使用较多的换热器为管翅式，多层翅片重叠以后穿入铜管，为降低翅片的腐蚀速率，延长其使用寿命，通常在翅片表面涂覆有机涂层，以目前使用较多的聚氨酯涂层、聚丙烯酸酯和环氧树脂涂层为例，聚酯类导热系数约为0.018～0.048W/m·K，环氧树脂导热系数为0.15～0.20W/m·K，而铝箔翅片的导热系数可达203.5W/m·K，所以由于有机涂层的低导热性，使得翅片与有机涂层之间的换热效率较低，进一步限制了换热器整体换热效率。
此外，铜管和翅片是通过铜管扩张实现两者之间接触，但是铜管和翅片不能做到全面接触，而紫铜铜管的导热系数为383.8W/m·K，常用铝箔翅片的导热系数约为203.5W/m·K，空气的导热系数约为0.0262W/m·K，由上述参数可见，空气的导热系数明显低于其他两种金属材料，铜管和翅片之间的存在部分间隙(空气)会降低铜管和翅片间换热效率，翅片散热问题已经成为制约换热器换热效率的关键因素，从而影响整机性能。
因此，有关提高换热器换热效率的研究有待深入。
公开内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本公开的一个目的在于提出一种具有换热效率高、耐腐蚀性强或使用寿命长等优点的换热器。
在本公开的一个方面，本公开提供了一种换热器。根据本公开实施例，所述换热器，包括：多个翅片，所述多个翅片并排设置；导热管，所述导热管穿设在所述多个翅片中；有机涂层，所述有机涂层设置在至少一个所述翅片的至少一部分的外表面上，所述有机涂层包括涂层基体和分散在所述涂层基体中的导热粉体，其中，所述导热粉体的导热系数大于所述涂层基体的导热系数。由此，具有较大导热系数的导热粉体的加入可以大大提高有机涂层的导热系数，提高翅片与空气之间的换热效率，进而提高换热器的换热效率。
可选地，所述导热粉体的形状选自球状、条状、针状、扁平状和片层状中的至少一种。由此，导热粉体的选择性广。
根据本公开的实施例，所述导热粉体在垂直所述有机涂层表面方向上的最大尺寸小于所述涂层基体厚度的80％。由此，既可以达到提高有机涂层导热系数的效果，又可保持涂层具有较好的耐蚀性。
根据本公开的实施例，所述导热粉体的尺寸为1纳米-5000纳米。由此，不仅可以很好的提高有机涂层的导热系数，最大程度的提高翅片与空气之间的换热效率，还可以最大程度的维持涂层基体较好的耐腐蚀性，减缓翅片的腐蚀速率，进而保证翅片具有较长的使用寿命。
根据本公开的实施例，所述导热粉体选自氮化硼、石墨烯、氧化铝或碳化硅。由此，可以很好地提高翅片与空气之间的换热效率，进而提高换热器整体 的换热效率。
根据本公开的实施例，基于所述有机涂层的体积，所述导热粉体的体积比例为0.5％～30％。由此，不仅可以更好的提高翅片与空气之间的换热效率，还可以维持涂层基体具有较佳的耐腐蚀性，保证翅片具有较长的使用寿命。
根据本公开的实施例，所述换热器进一步包括导热介质，所述导热介质设置在所述翅片和所述导热管之间，且与所述翅片和所述导热管相接触，且所述导热介质的导热系数大于空气的导热系数。由此，可以有效避免翅片和导热管之间存在空气间隙，由导热系数大于空气的导热介质取代翅片和导热管之间的空气间隙，可以显著降低导热管和翅片之间的热阻，进而提高换热器的换热效率。
根据本公开的实施例，所述导热介质为导热胶。如此，导热胶不仅具有较好的导热性能，也比较容易固化成型，不会对导热管和翅片的耐腐蚀性造成不良影响。
根据本公开的实施例，所述导热介质中分散有导热颗粒。由此，导热颗粒在导热介质中形成导热通道，可以进一步提高导热介质的导热效果，进一步降低导热管和翅片之间的热阻，即提高导热管和翅片之间的换热效率，以此来提高换热器的整体换热效率。
根据本公开的实施例，所述导热颗粒选自氮化硼、石墨烯、氧化铝或碳化硅。由此，导热颗粒具有较佳的导热性。
根据本公开的实施例，所述导热颗粒的粒径为1纳米～100微米。由此，可以较好的实现提高换热效率的目的。
根据本公开的实施例，所述导热介质中分散的所述导热颗粒的粒径不均等设置。如此，更有利于提高导热介质的导热性，更好的降低导热管与翅片之间 的热阻。
根据本公开的实施例，基于所述导热介质和所述导热颗粒的总体积，所述导热颗粒的体积比例为20％～90％。由此，不仅可以更好的降低导热管和翅片的热阻，还可以保证导热介质具有一定的强度，便于加工。
在本公开的另一方面，本公开提供了一种空调器。根据本公开的实施例，所述空调器包括前面所述的换热器。由此，空调器的换热器具有较高的换热效率，可以提高整机的性能，此外，该空调器具有前面所述的换热器的所有特征和优点，在此不再一一赘述。
在本公开的又一方面，本公开提供了一种制冷设备。根据本公开的实施例，所述制冷设备包括前面所述的换热器。由此，制冷设备的换热器具有较高的换热效率，可以提高制冷设备的工作性能，此外，该制冷设备具有前面所述的换热器的所有特征和优点，在此不再一一赘述。
附图说明
图1是本公开的一个实施例中换热器的结构示意图。
图2是本公开的又一个实施例中有机涂层的结构示意图。
图3是本公开的另一个实施例中换热器的结构示意图。
图4是本公开的另一个实施例中换热器的部分剖面结构示意图。
图5是图4中换热器结构的左视图。
图6是本公开的另一个实施例中换热器的部分剖面结构示意图。
附图标记：
10-翅片；20-导热管；30-导热介质；40-有机涂层；41-涂层基体；42-导热粉体
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例。下面描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
在本公开的一个方面，本公开提供了一种换热器。根据本公开实施例，参照图1和图2，所述换热器，包括：多个翅片10，多个翅片10并排设置；导热管20，导热管20穿设在多个翅片10中；有机涂层40，有机涂层40设置在至少一个翅片10的至少一部分的外表面上，有机涂层40包括涂层基体41和分散在涂层基体41中的导热粉体42，其中，导热粉体42的导热系数大于涂层基体41的导热系数。由此，具有较大导热系数的导热粉体的加入可以大大提高有机涂层的导热系数，提高翅片与空气之间的换热效率，进而提高换热器的换热效率。
根据本公开的实施例，形成翅片和导热管的材料没有限制要求，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况灵活选择。在本公开的一些实施例中，形成翅片的材料包括但不限于铝、紫铜(比如TP2)、无氧铜等导热系数较高的材料，当采用无氧铜时，由于无氧铜中杂质含量较低，可使得翅片不仅具有更高的换热系数，进而提高换热器的换热效率，还具有较佳的耐腐蚀性。在本公开的一些实施例中，形成导热管的材料包括但不限于紫铜和无氧铜等导热系数较高的材料，当采用无氧铜时，由于无氧铜中杂质含量较低，不仅可以提高换热器的换热效率，还具有较佳的耐腐蚀性能。
需要说明的是，本文中“有机涂层设置在至少一个翅片的至少一部分的外 表面”是指有机涂层可以设置在翅片外表面的一部分，比如图1所示，有机涂层40设置在翅片10的一个表面上，当然有机涂层40也可设置在翅片10的两个表面上(参照图3)，如此，相比于设置在翅片10的一个表面上，有机涂层40设置在翅片10的两个表面上可以进一步提高翅片与空气之间的换热效率。
根据本公开实施例，为了降低翅片的腐蚀速率，延长其使用寿命，形成涂层基体的材料选自聚氨脂酯、聚丙烯酸酯或环氧树脂中的至少一种。由此，上述材料形成的涂层基体可以很好地降低翅片的腐蚀速率，既提高翅片的耐腐蚀性，延长其使用寿命；在本公开的一些实施例中，涂层基体的厚度为0.5～3微米，而上述厚度的涂层基体不仅可以实现保护翅片，降低其腐蚀速率的技术效果，也不会因过厚而严重影响翅片与空气之间的换热效率。
根据本公开的实施例，导热粉体的形状选自球状、条状、针状、扁平状和片层状中的至少一种。由此，导热粉体的选择性广，实用性强，可以进一步提高换热器的市场竞争力。
根据本公开实施例，由于涂层基体和导热粉体的附着力限制，导热粉体尺寸过大，使溶液易沿着导热粉体边缘渗透，对耐蚀性不利。故而，在本公开的一些实施例中，导热粉体在垂直有机涂层表面方向上的最大尺寸小于涂层基体厚度的80％，由此，既可以达到提高有机涂层导热系数的效果，又可保持涂层具有较好的耐蚀性。在本公开的一些实施例中，为了维持涂层基体较好的耐腐蚀性，导热粉体的尺寸为1纳米-5000纳米，比如1纳米、100纳米、500纳米、1000纳米、1500纳米、2000纳米、250纳米、3000纳米、3500纳米、4000纳米、4500纳米或5000纳米。由此，不仅可以很好的提高有机涂层的导热系数，最大程度的提高翅片与空气之间的换热效率，还可以最大程度的维持涂层基体较好的耐腐蚀性，减缓翅片的腐蚀速率，进而保证翅片具有较长的使用寿 命。
根据本公开实施例，导热粉体的具体种类没有限制要求，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况灵活选择。在本公开的实施例中，导热粉体选自氮化硼、石墨烯、氧化铝或碳化硅。由此，可以很好地提高翅片与空气之间的换热效率，进而提高换热器整体的换热效率。在本公开的优选实施例中，如前所述，将导热粉体的尺寸控制在1纳米-5000纳米范围内时，可以保证涂层基体较好的耐腐蚀性，所以为了便于将导热粉体的尺寸加工至1纳米-5000纳米范围内，导热粉体为氮化硼或石墨烯，如此，便于导热粉体加工成纳米级导热粉体。其中，对氮化硼、石墨烯、氧化铝或碳化硅的具体形态没有限制要求，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求灵活选择导热粉体的形态，在此不作限制要求。
根据本公开实施例，为了在提高有机涂层的导热系数的前提下，保证涂层基体的耐腐蚀性，基于有机涂层的体积(本领域技术人员可以理解，此处“有机涂层的体积”是指有机涂层成型后的体积，并非是指将形成有机涂层的涂布液涂布在翅片上还未成型前的有机涂层)，导热粉体的体积比例为0.5％～30％，比如为0.5％、1％、5％、10％、15％、20％、25％或30％。由此，不仅可以更好的提高翅片与空气之间的换热效率，还可以维持涂层基体具有较佳的耐腐蚀性，保证翅片具有较长的使用寿命；若导热粉体的体积比例低于0.5％，相比于不添加导热粉体的涂层基体依然可以提高有机涂层的导热性，但是提高效果不明显；若导热粉体的体积比例高于30％，虽可以大大提高有机涂层的导热性，但是由于导热粉体添加比例较大，会严重影响涂层基体的耐腐蚀性，进而就会加大翅片的腐蚀速率，缩短其使用寿命。
根据本公开的实施例，基于前面所述的导热粉体的具体种类、粒径和添加量(导热粉体的体积比例)，可通过调节导热粉体的具体种类、粒径(不同粒 径的导热粉体配合使用，可达到更好的导热效果)和添加量(导热粉体的体积比例)来综合调节有机涂层的导热系数，使得有机涂层相比于涂层基体，导热系数提高2％～10％，故而可以大大提高翅片与空气之间的换热效率，进而提高换热器整体的换效率。
根据本公开的实施例，参照图4(图中未示出有机涂层40)和图5，所述换热器还进一步包括导热介质30，导热介质30设置在翅片10和导热管20之间，且与翅片10和导热管20相接触，且导热介质的导热系数大于空气的导热系数。由此，可以有效避免翅片和导热管之间存在空气间隙，由导热系数大于空气的导热介质取代翅片和导热管之间的空气间隙，可以显著降低导热管和翅片之间的热阻，进而提高换热器的换热效率。
根据本公开的实施例，导热介质30只要设置在翅片10和导热管20之间，且与翅片10和导热管20相接触即可，具体的设置方式本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求灵活选择。在本公开的一些实施例中，参照图4，导热介质只设置在翅片10和导热管20相对应的区域，没有翅片10对应的导热管20的外表面并不设置导热介质30，或者说，只在导热管20穿设的翅片10的过孔处设置导热介质30，如此，可以节省导热介质的用量；在本公开的另一些实施例中，为了便于导热介质的涂覆，节省涂覆工艺，参照图6，可以在导热管的整个外表面涂覆导热介质(即在导热管的整个外表面设置导热介质)，且使得导热介质与翅片相接触，如此，可以一次涂覆导热介质，实施方便，易操作，且在制作换热器时也便于导热管穿设翅片。
为保证导热介质具有较好的导热系数，且防止导热介质对导热管和翅片的耐腐蚀性造成不良影响，根据本公开实施例，导热介质选为导热胶。如此，导热胶不仅具有较好的导热性能，也比较容易固化成型，不会对导热管和翅片的 耐腐蚀性造成不良影响。在本公开的一些具体实施例中，导热胶为导热硅橡胶或对环境友好且对导热管和翅片无腐蚀的可固化型有机胶类。由此，既可以保证导热介质具有良好的导热性，以此降低导热管和翅片之间的热阻，进而提高换热器的换热效率，还可以保证导热介质对导热管和翅片没有腐蚀作用，进而保证换热器具有较长的使用寿命。
根据本公开实施例，为了进一步提高导热介质的导热性，导热介质中分散有导热颗粒。由此，导热颗粒在导热介质中形成导热通道，可以进一步提高导热介质的导热效果，进一步降低导热管和翅片之间的热阻，即提高导热管和翅片之间的换热效率，以此来提高换热器的整体换热效率。
根据本公开实施例，导热颗粒的具体种类没有限制要求，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求灵活选择。在本公开的实施例中，导热颗粒选自氮化硼、石墨烯、氧化铝或碳化硅。由此，导热颗粒具有较佳的导热性。在本公开的一些实施例中，为了避免导热管与异金属(不同于与导热管的金属)之间的接触腐蚀问题，导热颗粒选择为氧化铝或氮化硼等非导电性导热颗粒。由此，便可以避免导热管与异金属之间的接触腐蚀问题。其中，对氮化硼、石墨烯、氧化铝或碳化硅的具体形态没有限制要求，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求灵活选择导热粉体的形态，在此不作限制要求。
根据本公开实施例，导热颗粒的具体粒径没有限制要求，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需求进行灵活设置。在本公开的一些实施例中，导热颗粒的粒径为1纳米～100微米，在导热介质中添加该尺寸范围内的导热颗粒，可以较好的实现提高换热效率的目的，导热颗粒尺寸过大，会使导热管和翅片之间的距离变大，导热介质在换热管和翅片之间厚度增加，不利于换热效率的提高，导热颗粒尺寸过低，会显著提高材料成本。具体的，导热颗粒的粒径可为50纳米、 100纳米、500纳米、800纳米、1微米、10微米、50微米或100微米。在本公开的一些实施例中，导热介质中分散的导热颗粒的粒径不均等设置，即导热颗粒的粒径大小不均，不同粒径的导热颗粒配合使用，可使导热颗粒堆积较为紧密，形成较多的热量传递通道，如此，更有利于提高导热介质的导热性，更好的降低导热管与翅片之间的热阻。
根据本公开实施例，为了在保证导热介质具有较佳的导热性的基础上，保证导热介质具有较好的力学性能，基于导热胶和导热颗粒的总体积，导热颗粒的体积比例为20％～90％，比如为20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％或90％。由此，不仅可以更好的降低导热管和翅片的热阻，还可以保证导热介质具有一定的强度，便于加工；若导热颗粒的体积比例低于20％，相比于不添加导热颗粒依然可以改善导热介质的导热性，但是改善效果不明显；若导热颗粒的体积比例高于90％，虽可以大大提高导热介质的导热性，降低导热管与翅片之间的热阻，但是由于导热颗粒添加比例较大，会严重影响导热介质的强度，如此会不利于导热介质的加工和涂覆，进而影响导热介质的工作寿命。
根据本公开的实施例，基于前面所述的导热颗粒的具体种类、粒径和添加量(导热颗粒的体积比例)，可通过调节导热颗粒的具体种类、粒径和添加量来综合调节导热介质的导热系数，所得导热介质的导热系数为1.3～3.0W/m·K，由此，相比于空气(空气的导热系数约为0.0262W/m·K)，导热系数大大提高，故而可以大大降低导热管和翅片之间的热阻，进而很好的提高换热器的换效率。
根据本公开的实施例，通过在导热管和翅片之间设置导热介质，以及在翅片的表面设置有机涂层，可使换热器的换热效率提高2％～10％。
在本公开的另一方面，本公开提供了一种空调器。根据本公开的实施例， 所述空调器包括前面所述的换热器。由此，空调器的换热器具有较高的换热效率，可以提高整机的性能，此外，该空调器具有前面所述的换热器的所有特征和优点，在此不再一一赘述。
本领域技术人员可以理解，上述空调器除了前面所述的换热器，还包括空调器所必备的结构或部件，比如压缩机、节流组件、四通阀、消声器、毛细管、过渡管、制冷剂管路或外壳等空调所必备的结构或部件。
在本公开的又一方面，本公开提供了一种制冷设备。根据本公开的实施例，所述制冷设备包括前面所述的换热器。由此，制冷设备的换热器具有较高的换热效率，可以提高制冷设备的工作性能，此外，该制冷设备具有前面所述的换热器的所有特征和优点，在此不再一一赘述。
根据本公开实施例，制冷设备的具体种没有限制要求，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况灵活选择。在本公开的一些实施例中，制冷设备包括：冰箱、冰柜、制冰机等。
实施例
实施例1
提供换热器，所述换热器包括多个并排设置的翅片和穿设在多个翅片中的导热管，其中，翅片外表面设置有包含导热粉体的有机涂层，其中导热粉体为石墨烯，石墨烯的尺寸为100nm～500nm，石墨烯的体积比例为0.5％；导热管和翅片之间设置有不含导热颗粒的导热胶，将上述换热器配置于空调器中，该空调器的额定制冷量为3598W。
实施例2
提供换热器，所述换热器包括多个并排设置的翅片和穿设在多个翅片中的导热管，其中，翅片外表面设置有包含导热粉体的有机涂层，其中导热粉体为 石墨烯，石墨烯的尺寸为100nm～500nm，石墨烯的体积比例为0.5％；导热管和翅片之间设置有含导热颗粒的导热胶，导热颗粒为粒径在1nm～500nm之间的氧化铝颗粒，其体积占导热胶和导热颗粒总体积的80％。将上述换热器配置于空调器中，该空调器的额定制冷量为3640W。
对比例1
提供换热器，所述换热器包括多个并排设置的翅片和穿设在多个翅片中的导热管，其中，翅片外表面设置有不含导热粉体的涂层基体，导热管和翅片之间不设置导热胶，将上述换热器配置于空调器中，该空调器的额定制冷量为3393W。
对比例2
提供换热器，所述换热器包括多个并排设置的翅片和穿设在多个翅片中的导热管，其中，翅片外表面设置有不含导热粉体的涂层基体，导热管和翅片之间设置有不含导热颗粒的导热胶，将上述换热器配置于空调器中，该空调器的额定制冷量为3471W。
对比例3
提供换热器，所述换热器包括多个并排设置的翅片和穿设在多个翅片中的导热管，其中，翅片外表面设置有不含导热粉体的涂层基体，导热管和翅片之间设置有含导热颗粒的导热胶，导热颗粒为粒径在1nm～500nm之间的氧化铝颗粒，其体积占导热胶和导热颗粒总体积的80％。将上述换热器配置于空调器中，该空调器的额定制冷量为3523W。
表1实施例1-2和对比例1-3中换热器的换热效率提升率
Figure PCTCN2019078858-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019078858-appb-000002
其中，换热效率提升率的计算方法为：(各实施例和对比例2-3的额定制冷量-对比例1的额定制冷量)/对比例1的额定制冷量。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本公开的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种换热器，其特征在于，包括：
    多个翅片，所述多个翅片并排设置；
    导热管，所述导热管穿设在所述多个翅片中；
    有机涂层，所述有机涂层设置在至少一个所述翅片的至少一部分的外表面上，所述有机涂层包括涂层基体和分散在所述涂层基体中的导热粉体，其中，所述导热粉体的导热系数大于所述涂层基体的导热系数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述导热粉体的形状选自球状、条状、针状、扁平状和片层状中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述导热粉体在垂直所述有机涂层表面方向上的最大尺寸小于所述涂层基体厚度的80％。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述导热粉体的尺寸为1纳米-5000纳米。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述导热粉体选自氮化硼、石墨烯、氧化铝或碳化硅。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，基于所述有机涂层的体积，所述导热粉体的体积比例为0.5％～30％。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，进一步包括导热介质，所述导热介质设置在所述翅片和所述导热管之间，且与所述翅片和所述导热管相接触，且所述导热介质的导热系数大于空气的导热系数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述导热介质为导热胶。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述导热介质中分散有导热颗粒。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述导热颗粒选自氮化硼、石墨烯、氧化铝或碳化硅。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述导热颗粒的粒径为1纳米～100微米。
  12. 根据权利要求9～11中任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述导热介质中分散的所述导热颗粒的粒径不均等设置。
  13. 根据权利要求9～12中任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，基于所述导热介质和所述导热颗粒的总体积，所述导热颗粒的体积比例为20％～90％。
  14. 一种空调器，其特征在于，所述空调器包括权利要求1～13中任一项所述的换热器。
  15. 一种制冷设备，其特征在于，所述制冷设备包括权利要求1～13任一项所述的换热器。
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