WO2020063962A1 - 换热器 - Google Patents

换热器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020063962A1
WO2020063962A1 PCT/CN2019/109034 CN2019109034W WO2020063962A1 WO 2020063962 A1 WO2020063962 A1 WO 2020063962A1 CN 2019109034 W CN2019109034 W CN 2019109034W WO 2020063962 A1 WO2020063962 A1 WO 2020063962A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
header
tube
heat exchange
hole
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/109034
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祁照岗
黄宁杰
高强
蒋建龙
牛玉娇
邵春宇
Original Assignee
浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司
Priority to EP19866989.7A priority Critical patent/EP3859264B1/en
Publication of WO2020063962A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020063962A1/zh
Priority to US17/330,362 priority patent/US11913735B2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0273—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0209—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only transversal partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0071—Evaporators

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, and in particular, to a heat exchanger.
  • this application proposes a heat exchanger, which can improve the uniformity of refrigerant distribution in the heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger includes: a header having a first end, a second end, a tube wall, and an inner cavity; and a heat exchange tube having a plurality of A plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged along the length of the header, and each of the heat exchange tubes has a first end and an inner cavity.
  • the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube and the header of the header The inner cavity is in communication; a distribution tube having a first end, a second end, a wall and an inner cavity, the first end of the distribution tube is a fluid inlet, and the second end of the distribution tube is closed, so
  • the distribution pipe is spaced from the first end of the heat exchange pipe, and the pipe wall of the distribution pipe has a plurality of through holes that communicate the inner cavity of the header and the inner cavity of the distribution pipe.
  • the through holes are arranged along the length direction of the distribution pipe, and a plurality of the through holes are a first through hole and a second through in a direction from the first end of the distribution pipe to the second end of the distribution pipe.
  • Hole, third through hole, ... n-1th through hole and nth through hole, wherein the distance between the i + 1th through hole and the ith through hole is:
  • the refrigerant in the inner cavity of the header can be evenly distributed to a plurality of heat exchange tubes, thereby improving the distribution of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger. Uniformity.
  • the plurality of heat exchange tubes include a first heat exchange tube, a second heat exchange tube, and a first heat exchange tube, which are sequentially arranged in a direction from a first end of the distribution tube to a second end of the distribution tube.
  • a third heat exchange tube and a fourth heat exchange tube, and the first through hole is located between the third heat exchange tube and the fourth heat exchange tube.
  • a first end of the heat exchange tube is inserted into a lumen of the header through a tube wall of the header.
  • the second end of the distribution tube extends from the first end of the header into the lumen of the header.
  • a heat exchanger includes: a header having a first end, a second end, a tube wall, and an inner cavity;
  • a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged along a length direction of the header, each of the heat exchange tubes has a first end and an inner cavity, and the heat exchange The inner cavity of the tube is in communication with the inner cavity of the header;
  • a distribution pipe having a first end, a second end, a pipe wall, and an internal cavity; the first end of the distribution pipe is a fluid inlet; the second end of the distribution pipe is closed; and the pipe of the distribution pipe
  • the wall has a plurality of through holes communicating the inner cavity of the header and the inner cavity of the distribution tube, wherein a part of the plurality of through holes is located at the first end of the header and the through hole.
  • the distance between the vias is:
  • ⁇ is 2-10.
  • ⁇ is 2.5.
  • the through hole is a circular hole, and the diameter D 0 of the through hole is 1 mm ⁇ D 0 ⁇ 3 mm.
  • a first end of the heat exchange tube is inserted into a lumen of the header through a tube wall of the header.
  • the second end of the distribution tube extends from the first end of the header into the lumen of the header.
  • the through hole may be opened at any position of the distribution pipe along a circumferential direction of the distribution pipe.
  • the heat exchanger further includes a support assembly, the support assembly includes: a first support, the first support has a first end and a second end, and the header has an outer peripheral surface
  • the distribution tube has an outer peripheral surface, a first end of the first support member is connected to an outer peripheral surface of the current collecting tube, and a second end of the first support member is sequentially from the outer peripheral surface of the current collecting tube
  • the first cavity and the partition wall extend through the tube wall of the header, and the second end of the first support member is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the distribution tube.
  • a second support member that extends from the second end of the header into the inner cavity of the header, and the second support is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the distribution tube.
  • the tube wall of the header includes a curved wall and a bottom wall, the curved wall has a first side edge and a second side edge, and the bottom wall has a first side edge and a second A side edge, a first side edge of the curved wall and a first side edge of the bottom wall are connected.
  • a second side edge of the curved wall is connected to a second side edge of the bottom wall, a cross section of the header is generally D-shaped, and a cross section of the arc wall It is semi-circular, and the distance between the first end of the heat exchange tube and the bottom wall is 0-2mm.
  • the header is a circular tube
  • the tube wall of the header has a plurality of jacks, and the plurality of jacks are arranged along a length direction of the header
  • the heat exchange The device further includes a partition plate provided in an inner cavity of the header, the partition plate extends along a length direction of the header tube, and the partition plate divides the header tube into a first A cavity and a second cavity, the partition plate has a plurality of slotted holes, the plurality of slotted holes are arranged along the extending direction of the partitioned plate, and the plurality of slotted holes and the plurality of insertion holes are one by one Correspondingly, the slot hole penetrates the partition plate in a thickness direction of the partition plate.
  • the first end of the heat exchange tube is inserted through the insertion hole, the first cavity, and the slot into the second cavity in sequence, and the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube In communication with the second cavity, a distance between the first end of the heat exchange tube and a surface of the partition plate adjacent to the second cavity is 0-2 mm.
  • the first end of the heat exchange tube extends through the insertion hole and the first cavity into the slot, and the first end of the heat exchange tube does not extend out of the slot.
  • Slot the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube communicates with the second cavity through the slot, the first end of the heat exchange tube and the surface of the flat tube adjacent to the second cavity The distance between them is 0-2mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along A-A in Fig. 1 of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in Fig. 1 of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present application at D in FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along A-A in Fig. 4 of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchanger according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a heat exchanger according to still another embodiment of the present application at D in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along A-A in FIG. 7 of a heat exchanger according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • Collector tube 1 curved wall 11, bottom wall 12, first cavity 101, second cavity 102, heat exchange tube 2, first end 21 of heat exchange tube, end face 211 of first end of heat exchange tube , Distribution pipe 3, through hole 31, support assembly 4, first support member 41, second support member 42, fin 5, partition 6, and slot 61.
  • the "first" or “under” of the second feature may include the first and second features in direct contact, and may also include the first and second features. Not directly, but through another characteristic contact between them.
  • the first feature is “above”, “above”, and “above” the second feature, including that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • the first feature is “below”, “below”, and “below” of the second feature, including the fact that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature is less horizontal than the second feature.
  • the heat exchanger includes a header pipe 1, a heat exchanger pipe 2, and a distribution pipe 3.
  • the header pipe 1 has a tube wall and an inner cavity.
  • the cross section of the header pipe 1 It is circular, that is, the header 1 is a circular tube.
  • the header 1 has a first end (the left end of the header 1 shown in FIG. 1) and a second end (the header of the header 1 shown in FIG. 1). Right).
  • each heat exchange tube 2 has a first end 21 and an inner cavity.
  • the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 (the upper end of the heat exchange tube 21 shown in FIG. 1) is inserted into the header through the tube wall of the header 1. 1 and the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube 2 communicates with the inner cavity of the header 1.
  • the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless it is specifically and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the tube wall of the header 1 has a plurality of insertion holes penetrating the tube wall of the header 1, and the plurality of insertion holes are spaced apart from each other along the length direction of the header 1 (the left-right direction shown in FIG. 1).
  • One heat exchange tube 2 corresponds to one insertion hole, and the first end of the heat exchange tube 2 is inserted into the inner cavity of the header 1 through the insertion hole. More specifically, the header 1 is placed horizontally and has a length greater than 250 mm, and the heat exchange tube 2 is placed vertically.
  • the diameter of the header 1 (that is, the width of the bottom wall 12) is larger than the width of the heat exchange tube 2 so that the heat exchange tube 2 The first end of the can be fully inserted into the inner cavity of the header 1 in the width direction.
  • the width of the heat exchange tube 2 is the length of the heat exchange tube 2 in the left-right direction shown in FIG. 2.
  • the distribution pipe 3 has a first end (the left end of the distribution pipe 3 shown in FIG. 1) and a second end (the right end of the distribution pipe 3 shown in FIG. 1).
  • the first end of the distribution pipe 3 is a fluid inlet to facilitate refrigerant Flowing into the distribution pipe 3, the second end of the distribution pipe 3 is closed and extends from the first end of the header pipe 1 into the inner cavity of the header pipe 1.
  • the distribution pipe 3 is located above the heat exchange pipe 2.
  • the distribution pipe 3 is spaced apart from the first end 21 of the heat exchange pipe 2 by a certain distance. In other embodiments, the distribution pipe 3 is at least partially in contact with the first end 21 of the heat exchange pipe 2.
  • the distribution pipe 3 has a pipe wall and an inner cavity, and the pipe wall of the distribution pipe 3 has a through hole 31 that communicates with the inner cavity of the header 1 and the inner cavity of the distribution pipe 3.
  • the left end of the distribution tube 3 is on the left side of the header 1, and the right end of the distribution tube 3 extends from the left end of the header 1 into the inner cavity of the header 1, and the distribution tube The right end of 3 is closed, the through hole 31 penetrates the wall thickness of the pipe wall of the distribution pipe 3, the through hole 31 communicates with the inner cavity of the distribution pipe 3 and the inner cavity of the header 1, and the distribution pipe 3 is higher than the heat exchange pipe in the vertical direction.
  • a plurality of through-holes 31 are provided, and the plurality of through-holes 31 are arranged at intervals along the length direction (left-right direction shown in FIG. 1) of the distribution pipe 3. It can be understood that, by setting a plurality of through holes 31 on the pipe wall of the distribution pipe 3 spaced apart from each other along the length direction of the distribution pipe 3, the refrigerant in the distribution pipe 3 can flow into the inner cavity of the header 1 uniformly. .
  • the plurality of through holes 31 are in the order from the first end of the distribution pipe 3 to the second end of the distribution pipe 3 (the direction from left to right as shown in FIG. 1).
  • the first through hole is a through hole 31 on the distribution pipe 3 that is closest to the fluid inlet. As shown in FIG. 1, the first through hole is the leftmost through hole 31.
  • the plurality of heat exchange tubes 2 are sequentially changed in the direction from the first end of the distribution tube 3 to the second end of the distribution tube 3 (the direction from left to right shown in FIG. 1).
  • the heat pipe, the second heat exchange pipe, the third heat exchange pipe, the fourth heat exchange pipe ..., the first through hole is located between the third heat exchange pipe and the fourth heat exchange pipe.
  • the first heat exchange tube is a heat exchange tube 2 closest to the fluid inlet.
  • the first heat exchange tube is the leftmost heat exchange tube 2, in other words, a through hole closest to the fluid inlet. 31 is opened between the third heat exchange tube and the fourth heat exchange tube.
  • the plurality of through holes 31 on the pipe wall of the distribution pipe 3 are divided into a part of the through hole and another part of the through hole, and a part of the through hole is located at the first end of the header 1 (FIG. 1 The left end of the header 1 shown) to the middle position of the header 1 in the length direction, and the part of the through holes are arranged at regular intervals along the length direction of the distribution tube 3 (left-right direction shown in FIG. 1). The other part of the through hole is located between the middle position of the header 1 in the length direction and the second end of the header 1 (the right end of the header 1 shown in FIG.
  • the distance between the +1 via and the i-th via is:
  • ⁇ 2-10.
  • ⁇ 2.5
  • the through-hole 31 is a round hole.
  • d i D 0 +2
  • D 0 is the diameter of the through-hole 31.
  • the middle position of the header 1 in the length direction is 1/2 the length of the header 1, as shown in the position BB in FIG. 1.
  • a plurality of distribution pipes 3 having a fluid inlet at one end and closed at the other end and extending into the inner cavity of the header 1 are provided, and a plurality of the above-mentioned gaps are provided on the pipe wall of the distribution pipe 3 Through-holes, the refrigerant in the inner cavity of the header 1 can be evenly distributed to multiple heat exchange tubes 2, thereby improving the uniformity of refrigerant distribution in the heat exchanger and improving the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the heat exchange tube 2 may be a flat tube, which is also called a micro-channel flat tube in the industry.
  • the flat tube is usually provided with a plurality of channels through which the refrigerant flows. Adjacent channels are isolated from each other. Multiple channels line up and affect the width of the flat tube.
  • the flat tube is flat as a whole, its length is greater than its width, and its width is greater than its thickness.
  • the length direction of the flat tube is the refrigerant flow direction determined by the channels in the flat tube.
  • the length direction of the flat tube may be a straight type, a folded line type, or a curved type.
  • the flat tube mentioned here is not limited to this type, and may be other forms. For example, adjacent channels may not be completely isolated. For another example, all the channels can be arranged in two rows as long as the width is still greater than the thickness.
  • the heat exchanger further includes fins 5, and the fins 5 are disposed between adjacent heat exchange tubes 2, thereby passing through the fins 5 and the heat exchange tubes 2. Perform heat exchange to improve heat exchange efficiency.
  • the plurality of heat exchange tubes 2 are spaced apart from each other, the fins 5 are disposed in a gap between adjacent heat exchange tubes 2, and the fins 5 are at least partially connected to the heat exchange tubes 2.
  • the length of the distribution tube 3 in the inner cavity of the header 1 is substantially the same as the length of the header 1.
  • the second end of the distribution pipe 3 extends from the first end of the header 1 into the inner cavity of the header 1 and extends to the second end of the header 1, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4, and 7,
  • the right end of the distribution tube 3 extends from the left end of the header 1 into the inner cavity of the header 1 and extends to the right to the right end of the header 1.
  • the through hole 31 may be opened at any position along the circumferential direction of the distribution pipe 3 of the distribution pipe 3, that is, any position that rotates a circle in the circumferential direction of the distribution pipe 3.
  • Through holes 31 can be opened at any position.
  • a straight line defining the horizontal diameter of the distribution pipe 3 is a horizontal line
  • the through hole 31 may be located above the horizontal line
  • the center of the through hole 31 and The included angle ⁇ between the connection line of the center of the distribution pipe 3 and the horizontal line is 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 180 °.
  • the through hole 31 can also be located below the horizontal line, and the connection between the center of the through hole 31 and the center of the distribution pipe 3 and the horizontal line
  • the included angle ⁇ is 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 180 °.
  • the heat exchanger further includes a support assembly 4 including a first support 41 having a first end (as shown in FIG. 3). Lower end of the first support member 41 shown in the figure) and second end (upper end of the first support member 41 shown in FIG. 3), the distribution pipe 3 has an outer peripheral surface, and the first end of the first support member 41 and the header 1 Connected, the second end of the first support 41 is located below the distribution pipe 3 and is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the distribution pipe 3. Thereby, the distribution pipe 3 is supported by the first support 41. It can be understood that the arrangement form of the first support member 41 is not limited to this.
  • the second end of the first support member 41 may also be located below the distribution pipe 3 and connected to the distribution pipe 3 Connected.
  • the first support member 41 may be located above the distribution pipe 3, and an upper end of the first support member 41 is connected to the header 1 and a lower end of the first support member 41 is connected to the distribution pipe 1. .
  • first support members 41 are provided, and the plurality of first support members 41 are arranged at intervals from each other along the length direction of the header 1 (the left-right direction shown in FIG. 1).
  • Piece 41 supports the distribution pipe 3 together. It can be understood that the present application is not limited to this. There may also be only one first support member 41, and one first support member 41 is located at a middle position of the header 1 in the length direction.
  • the first end of the first support member 41 (the lower end of the first support member 41 shown in FIG. 3) is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the header 1, and the second end of the first support member 41 (The upper end of the first support 41 shown in FIG. 3) extends from the outer peripheral surface of the header 1 into the inner cavity of the header 1, and the second end of the first support 41 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the distribution tube 3.
  • the first support member 41 includes a first section and a second section which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are connected to each other, wherein the first section is in the inner cavity of the header 1 and is connected to the distribution tube 3.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the contact surface is in contact with each other, and the second segment is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the header 1.
  • the support assembly 4 further includes a second support 42 that extends from the second end of the header 1 (the right end of the header 1 shown in FIG. 1) into the header 1.
  • the second support 42 is located below the distribution pipe 3 and is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the distribution pipe 3. It can be understood that the arrangement form of the second support member 42 is not limited to this.
  • the second support member 42 is located below the distribution pipe and connected to the outer peripheral surface of the distribution pipe 3.
  • the second support member 42 is located above the distribution pipe 3 and is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the distribution pipe 3. It can be understood that the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the support assembly 4 may not be provided with the second support 42.
  • the distribution pipe 3 can be better supported and positioned, so that the distribution pipe 3 is more fixed, and it is not easy to manufacture and assemble. Shift in the process.
  • the tube wall of the header 1 includes a curved wall 11 and a bottom wall 12, the curved wall 11 has a first side edge and a second side edge, and the bottom wall 12 has The first side edge and the second side edge, the first side edge of the curved wall 11 is connected to the first side edge of the bottom wall 12, and the second side edge of the curved wall 12 is connected to the second side edge of the bottom wall 12,
  • the arc-shaped wall 11 and the bottom wall 12 are connected, and the inner surface of the arc-shaped wall 11 and the inner surface of the bottom wall 12 surround the inner cavity of the header 1.
  • the insertion hole is formed in the bottom wall 12.
  • the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 passes through the insertion hole on the bottom wall 12 and is inserted into the inner cavity of the header 1.
  • the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 and the bottom wall 12 The distance is 0-2mm.
  • the distance between the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 and the bottom wall 12 is the end face 211 of the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 and the inner wall of the bottom wall 12 surrounding the header 1.
  • the vertical distance between the inner surfaces of the cavities, that is, the depth at which the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 projects into the header 1 is 0-2 mm.
  • the bottom wall 12 is substantially straight, and the arc-shaped wall 11 is curved into an arc shape so that the cross section of the header 1 is substantially D-shaped.
  • the cross section of the arc-shaped wall 11 is semicircular, so that the header 1 is a semicircular tube.
  • the heat exchanger further includes a partition plate 6, the partition plate 6 is provided in the inner cavity of the header 1, and the partition plate 6 is along the length of the header 1 (FIG. 4 and 7), so as to divide the inner cavity of the header 1 into a first cavity 101 and a second cavity 102.
  • the inner cavity of the header 1 includes a first cavity 101 and a second cavity 102 each extending along the length direction of the header 1.
  • the partition plate 6 has a plurality of partition plates 6 extending through the partition plate 6 in the thickness direction thereof.
  • a plurality of slot holes 61 are arranged at a distance from each other along the length direction of the partition plate 6, and the slot holes 61 communicate with the first cavity 101 and the second cavity 102.
  • the plurality of slotted holes 61 correspond to the plurality of insertion holes, that is, one slotted hole 61 is aligned with one insertion hole.
  • the first end 21 of the heat transfer tube 2 is inserted through the tube wall of the header 1, the first cavity 101, and the partition plate 6 into the second cavity in this order.
  • the distance between the body 102, the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 and the surface of the partition plate 6 adjacent to the second cavity 102 (the upper surface of the partition plate 6 shown in FIG. 4) is 0-2 mm, and the heat exchange tube The inner cavity of 2 is in communication with the second cavity 102.
  • the distance between the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 and the partition plate 6 is the end surface 211 of the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 (the upper end surface of the heat exchange tube 2 shown in FIG. 4).
  • the surface of the partition plate 6 adjacent to the second cavity 102 (the upper surface of the partition plate 6 shown in FIG. 4), that is, the first end of the heat exchange tube 2 projects into the second cavity 102
  • the depth is 0-2mm.
  • the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 passes through the jack and the first cavity 101 and extends into the slot 61 in sequence.
  • One end 21 does not protrude from the slot 61, that is, the first end 21 of the heat transfer tube 2 is not inserted into the second cavity 102.
  • the inner cavity of the heat transfer tube 2 communicates with the second cavity 102 through the slot 61, and the heat transfer tube
  • the distance between the first end 21 of 2 and the surface of the separator 6 adjacent to the second cavity 102 is 0-2 mm.
  • the distance between the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 and the surface of the partition plate 6 adjacent to the second cavity 102 is the end surface 211 of the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 (as shown in FIG. 7).
  • the vertical distance between the upper end surface of the heat exchange tube 2 shown) and the surface of the partition plate 6 adjacent to the second cavity 102 (the upper surface of the partition plate 6 shown in FIG. 7).
  • the slot hole 61 is flanged in a direction from the second cavity 102 to the first cavity 101 (top-down direction shown in FIGS. 7 and 8) by stamping to make the slot hole. 61 has a vertical edge extending downward. The first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 passes through the insertion hole and the first cavity 101 and protrudes into the vertical edge formed by the flange 61 of the slot hole 61 in this order.
  • a heat exchanger according to a specific embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1-3.
  • the heat exchanger includes a header 1, a plurality of heat exchange tubes 2, a distribution tube 3, a support assembly 4, and a fin 5.
  • the header 1 is placed horizontally, that is, it extends in the left-right direction and has a length greater than 250 mm.
  • the tube wall of the header 1 includes an arc-shaped wall 11 and a bottom wall 12 connected to each other.
  • the bottom wall 12 is generally straight, and the arc-shaped wall 11 is curved and
  • the cross section is semicircular, so that the header 1 is a semicircular tube.
  • the bottom wall 12 of the header 1 has a plurality of insertion holes penetrating the bottom wall 12 along the thickness direction of the bottom wall 12, that is, the up-down direction, and the plurality of insertion holes are spaced from each other along the length direction of the bottom wall 12, that is, the left-right direction shown in FIG. Layout, and the distance between adjacent jacks is equal.
  • the heat exchange tube 2 is a flat tube.
  • the heat exchange tube 2 has a plurality.
  • the plurality of heat exchange tubes 2 are sequentially arranged and spaced apart from each other along the length of the header 1. The distance between adjacent heat exchange tubes 2 is equal.
  • the first end 21 (the upper end shown in FIG. 1) of each of the heat exchange tubes 2 passes from the bottom to the insertion hole of the bottom wall 12 of the header 1 into the inner cavity of the header 1 and the inner cavity of the heat exchanger 2. It is in communication with the inner cavity of the collecting tube 1.
  • One heat-exchanging tube 2 corresponds to one socket.
  • the distance between the end surface 211 of the first end 21 of the heat-exchanging tube 2 and the upper surface of the bottom wall 12 is 0-2 mm.
  • the depth of the first end 21 of the heat pipe 2 protruding into the inner cavity of the header 1 is 0-2 mm.
  • the fins 5 are disposed in a gap between adjacent heat exchange tubes 2, and the fins 5 are connected at least partially to the heat exchange tubes 2 to improve heat exchange efficiency.
  • the left end of the distribution pipe 3 is a fluid inlet, so that the refrigerant flows into the distribution pipe 3, the right end of the distribution pipe 3 extends into the header 1, the right end of the distribution pipe 3 extends to the right end of the manifold 1, and the right end of the distribution pipe 3 Closed, the pipe wall of the distribution pipe 3 has a plurality of through holes 31 penetrating through the pipe wall of the distribution pipe 3, the through holes 31 are circular holes, and the diameter D 0 of the through holes 31 is 1 mm ⁇ D 0 ⁇ 3 mm.
  • the internal cavity of the distribution tube 3 and the internal cavity of the header 2 are connected to each other, that is, the refrigerant in the internal cavity of the distributor 3 can enter the internal cavity of the header 1 through the through hole 31 and further enter each heat exchange tube 2.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the distribution tube 3 and the end surface of the first end of the heat exchange tube 2 are spaced apart in the vertical direction.
  • the through hole 31 can be opened at any position along the circumferential direction of the distribution pipe 3 of the distribution pipe 3. In other words, the through hole 31 can be opened at any position that makes one turn in the circumferential direction of the distribution pipe 3.
  • the setting manner of the plurality of through holes 31 may be: Assume that the plurality of through holes 31 are the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole, ..., the n-1th through hole, and the nth through from left to right.
  • a plurality of heat exchange tubes 2 are a first heat exchange tube, a second heat exchange tube, a third heat exchange tube, a fourth heat exchange tube, etc. from left to right, where the first through hole is located in the third heat exchange tube. And the fourth heat exchange tube.
  • Another part of the through hole is located between the middle position of the header 1 in the length direction and the right end of the header 1, and the other part of the through hole is located from the middle position of the header 1 toward the second end of the header
  • the directions are the first through hole, the second through hole, the third through hole, ... the n-1th through hole and the nth through hole, wherein the distance between the i + 1th through hole and the ith through hole is:
  • the support assembly 4 includes a first support member 41 and a second support member 42.
  • a lower end of the first support member 41 is connected to the bottom wall 11 of the header 1, and an upper end of the first support member 41 is connected to the bottom wall 11 of the header 1. It extends into the inner cavity of the header 1 and the upper end of the first support 41 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the distribution tube 3.
  • the first support 41 is located at the middle position of the header 1 in the length direction so that the header 1
  • the distribution tube 3 is supported at a middle position along the length direction.
  • the second support member 42 extends from the right end of the header 1 into the header 1, and the upper surface of the second support member 42 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the distribution tube 3.
  • the distribution pipe 3 is supported at the right end of the distribution pipe 3.
  • a heat exchanger according to another specific embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4-6.
  • the heat exchanger includes a header tube 1, a plurality of heat exchange tubes 2, a distribution tube 3, a support assembly 4, a fin 5, and a partition plate 6.
  • the cross section of the header 1 is circular, that is, the header 1 is a circular tube.
  • the tube wall of the header 1 has a plurality of insertion holes penetrating the tube wall of the header 1 along the thickness direction of the tube wall of the header 1, that is, the up-down direction.
  • the left and right directions shown in 4 are spaced from each other, and the distance between adjacent jacks is equal.
  • the baffle 6 is provided in the inner cavity of the header 1, and the baffle 6 extends along the length direction of the header 1 (left-right direction shown in FIG. 4) to divide the inner cavity of the header 1 into a first cavity. 101 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 102 ⁇ 101 and the second cavity 102.
  • the partition plate 6 has a plurality of slot holes 61 penetrating the partition plate 6 in the thickness direction of the partition plate 6.
  • the plurality of slot holes 61 are arranged at intervals from each other in the length direction of the partition plate 6.
  • One correspondence that is, one slot hole 61 is aligned with one insertion hole, and the slot hole 61 communicates with the first cavity 101 and the second cavity 102.
  • the heat exchange tube 2 is a flat tube.
  • the heat exchange tube 2 has a plurality.
  • the plurality of heat exchange tubes 2 are arranged at intervals from each other along the length of the header 1. The distance between adjacent heat exchange tubes 2 is equal.
  • the first end 21 of the heat pipe 2 (the upper end of the heat exchange pipe 2 shown in FIG. 1) is inserted into the second cavity 102 through the jack, the first cavity 101 and the slot 61 in order from bottom to top, and the heat exchange tube 2
  • the inner cavity is in communication with the second cavity 102.
  • One heat exchange tube 2 corresponds to one socket.
  • the distance between the end surface 211 of the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 and the upper surface of the partition plate 6 is 0-2 mm, that is, The depth of the first end 211 of the heat exchange tube 2 protruding into the second cavity is 0-2 mm.
  • the fins 5 are disposed in a gap between adjacent heat exchange tubes 2, and the fins 5 are connected at least partially to the heat exchange tubes 2 to improve heat exchange efficiency.
  • the left end of the distribution pipe 3 is a fluid inlet.
  • the right end of the distribution pipe 3 extends into the second cavity 102.
  • the right end of the distribution pipe 3 extends to the right end of the header 1 and the right end of the distribution pipe 3 is closed.
  • the through hole 31 communicates with the inner cavity of the distribution tube 3 and the second cavity 102, that is, the refrigerant in the inner cavity of the distribution tube 3 can enter the second cavity 102 through the through hole 31 and further enter each heat exchange tube 2.
  • the support assembly 4 includes a first support member 41 and a second support member 42.
  • the lower end of the first support member 41 is connected to the outer peripheral surface of the header 1, and the upper end of the first support member 41 is sequentially passed from the outer peripheral surface of the header 1.
  • the first cavity 101 and the partition plate 6 extend through the tube wall of the header 1 into the second cavity 102, and the upper end of the first support 41 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the distribution tube 3.
  • One end 21 supports the distribution pipe 3
  • the second support 42 extends from the right end of the header 1 into the second cavity 102, and the upper surface of the second support 42 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the distribution pipe 3 so that The right end of 3 supports the distribution pipe 3.
  • FIG. 4-6 Other structures and operations of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 4-6 may be the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1-3, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the heat exchanger includes a collecting tube 1, a plurality of heat exchange tubes 2, a distribution tube 3, a support assembly 4, a fin 5, and a partition plate 6.
  • the slot 61 of the partition plate 6 is punched along the top (downward direction shown in FIGS. 7 and 8) by punching, so that the slot 61 has a vertical edge extending downward.
  • the first end 21 of the heat exchange tube 2 (the upper end of the heat exchange tube 2 shown in FIG. 7) passes through the insertion hole and the first cavity 101 and protrudes into the vertical edge formed by the flange 61 of the slot 61.
  • the first end 21 of the heat pipe 2 does not protrude from the slot hole 61, that is, the second cavity 102 is not inserted.
  • the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube 2 communicates with the second cavity 102 through the slot hole 61.
  • the distance between the end surface 211 of the end 21 and the upper surface of the partition plate 6 is 0-2 mm.

Abstract

本申请公开了一种换热器，所述换热器包括集流管、换热管和分配管，所述换热管具有多个，每个所述换热管的第一端穿过所述集流管的管壁插入所述集流管，所述换热管与所述集流管连通，所述分配管的第一端为流体进口，所述分配管的第二端封闭且从所述集流管的第一端伸入所述集流管，所述分配管的管壁具有多个连通所述集流管和所述分配管的通孔，多个所述通孔沿从所述分配管的第一端朝向第二端的方向依次为第一通孔、……第n-1通孔和第n通孔，其中第i+1通孔和第i通孔之间的距离为：d i＝α iL 0，i＝1，2，……n-1，α＝0.618，L 0为相邻所述换热管之间的距离。本申请的换热器可提高冷媒在换热器内分配的均匀性。

Description

换热器
本申请要求了申请日为2018年9月30日、申请号为201811155079.X、发明名称为“换热器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及热交换器技术领域，具体地涉及一种换热器。
背景技术
相关技术中，冷媒在换热器内分配的均匀性有待提高。
发明内容
为此，本申请提出了一种换热器,该换热器可提高冷媒在换热器内分配的均匀性。
根据本申请第一方面的实施例的换热器包括：集流管，所述集流管具有第一端、第二端、管壁和内腔；换热管，所述换热管具有多个，多个所述换热管沿所述集流管的长度方向布置，每个所述换热管具有第一端和内腔，所述换热管的内腔与所述集流管的内腔相连通；分配管，所述分配管具有第一端、第二端、管壁和内腔，所述分配管的第一端为流体进口，所述分配管的第二端封闭，所述分配管与所述换热管的第一端间隔开，所述分配管的管壁具有多个连通所述集流管的内腔和所述分配管的内腔的通孔，多个所述通孔沿所述分配管的长度方向布置，且多个所述通孔沿从所述分配管的第一端朝向所述分配管的第二端的方向依次为第一通孔、第二通孔、第三通孔、……第n-1通孔和第n通孔，其中第i+1通孔和第i通孔之间的距离为：
d i＝α iL 0，i＝1，2，……n-1，α＝0.618，L 0为相邻所述换热管之间的距离。
根据本申请实施例的换热器，通过设置上述形式的分配管，集流管的内腔的冷媒可均匀地向多个换热管分配，由此，可提高冷媒在换热器内分配的均匀性。
在一些实施例中，多个所述换热管包括沿从所述分配管的第一端朝向所述分配管的第二端的方向依次排布的第一换热管、第二换热管、第三换热管、第四换热管，所述第一通孔位于所述第三换热管和第四换热管之间。
在一些实施例中，所述换热管的第一端穿过所述集流管的管壁插入所述集流管的内腔。
在一些实施例中，所述分配管的第二端从所述集流管的第一端伸入所述集流管的内腔。
根据本申请第二方面的实施例的换热器包括：集流管，所述集流管具有第一端、第二端、管壁和内腔；
换热管，所述换热管具有多个，多个所述换热管沿所述集流管的长度方向布置，每个所述换热管具有第一端和内腔，所述换热管的内腔与所述集流管的内腔相连通；
分配管，所述分配管具有第一端、第二端、管壁和内腔，所述分配管的第一端为流体进口，所述分配管的第二端封闭，所述分配管的管壁具有多个连通所述集流管的内腔和所述分配管的内腔的通孔，其中多个所述通孔中的一部分通孔位于所述集流管的第一端和所述集流管沿长度方向的中间位置之间，且所述一部分通孔沿所述集流管的长度方向布置，且相邻所述通孔之间的距离相等；多个所述通孔中的另一部分通孔位于所述集流管沿长度方向的中间位置和所述集流管的第二端之间，且所述另一部分通孔从所述集流管沿长度方向的中间位置朝向所述集流管的第二端的方向依次为第一通孔、第二通孔、第三通孔、……第n-1通孔和第n通孔，其中第i+1通孔和第i通孔之间的距离为：
d i＝λα iL 0，i＝1，2，……n-1，α＝0.618，L 0为相邻所述换热管之间的距离。
在一些实施例中，所述一部分通孔中，相邻所述通孔之间的距离为：d＝λL 0。
在一些实施例中，λ为2-10。
在一些实施例中，λ为2.5。
在一些实施例中，所述通孔为圆孔，所述通孔的直径D 0为1mm<D 0<3mm。
在一些实施例中，在所述另一部分通孔中，若d i＜D 0，则d i＝D 0+2。
在一些实施例中，所述换热管的第一端穿过所述集流管的管壁插入所述集流管的内腔。
在一些实施例中，所述分配管的第二端从所述集流管的第一端伸入所述集流管的内腔。
在一些实施例中，所述通孔可开设在所述分配管的沿所述分配管的周向的任意位置。
在一些实施例中，所述换热器还包括支撑组件，所述支撑组件包括：第一支撑件，所述第一支撑件具有第一端和第二端，所述集流管具有外周面，所述分配管具有外周面，所述第一支撑件的第一端与所述集流管的外周面连接，所述第一支撑件的第二端从所述集流管的外周面依次穿过所述集流管的管壁、所述第一腔体和所述隔板伸入所述第二腔体，所述第一支撑件的第二端与所述分配管的外周面相接触；第二支撑件，所述第二支撑件从所述集流管的第二端伸入所述集流管的内腔，且所述第二支撑件与所述分配管的外周面相接触。
在一些实施例中，所述集流管的管壁包括弧形壁和底壁，所述弧形壁具有第一侧边沿和第二侧边沿，所述底壁具有第一侧边沿和第二侧边沿，所述弧形壁的第一侧边沿和所述底壁的第一侧边沿相连。
在一些实施例中，所述弧形壁的第二侧边沿和所述底壁的第二侧边沿相连，所述集流管的横截面大体为D形，且所述弧形壁的横截面为半圆形，所述换热管的第一端与所述底壁之间的距离为0-2mm。
在一些实施例中，所述集流管为圆管，所述集流管的管壁具有多个插孔，多个所述插孔沿所述集流管的长度方向布置，所述换热器还包括隔板，所述隔板设于所述集流管的内腔，所述隔板沿所述集流管的长度方向延伸，所述隔板将所述集流管分隔成第一腔体和第二腔体，所述隔板具有多个槽孔，多个所述槽孔沿所述隔板的延伸方向布置，且多个所述槽孔与多个所述插孔一一对应，所述槽孔沿所述隔板的厚度方向贯穿所述隔板。
在一些实施例中，所述换热管的第一端依次穿过所插孔、所述第一腔体和所述槽孔插入所述第二腔体，且所述换热管的内腔与所述第二腔体连通，所述换热管的第一端与所述隔板的邻近所述第二腔体的表面之间的距离为0-2mm。
在一些实施例中，所述换热管的第一端依次穿过所述插孔和所述第一腔体伸入所述槽孔，所述换热管的第一端未伸出所述槽孔，所述换热管的内腔通过所述槽孔与所述第二腔体连通，所述换热管的第一端与所述扁管的邻近所述第二腔体的表面之间的距离为0-2mm。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请的一个实施例的换热器的示意图。
图2是根据本申请的一个实施例的换热器的在图1中的A-A截面示意图。
图3是根据本申请的一个实施例的换热器的在图1中的B-B截面示意图。
图4是根据本申请的另一个实施例的换热器的示意图。
图5是根据本申请的另一个实施例的换热器的在图4中D处的局部放大示意图。
图6是根据本申请的另一个实施例的换热器的在图4中的A-A截面示意图。
图7是根据本申请的再一个实施例的换热器的示意图。
图8是根据本申请的再一个实施例的换热器的在图7中D处的局部放大示意图。
图9是根据本申请的再一个实施例的换热器的在图7中的A-A截面示意图。
附图标记：
集流管1，弧形壁11，底壁12，第一腔体101，第二腔体102，换热管2，换热管的第一端21，换热管的第一端的端面211，分配管3，通孔31，支撑组件4，第一支撑件41，第二支撑件42，翅片5，隔板6，槽孔61。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。这里将 详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本申请相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本申请的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
在本申请使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请。在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。下面结合附图，对本申请示例性实施例进行详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施方式中的特征可以相互补充或相互组合。
在本申请使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请。在本申请和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。
下面结合附图，对本申请示例性实施例进行详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
如图1-9所示，根据本申请实施例的换热器包括集流管1、换热管2和分配管3，集流管1具有管壁和内腔，集流管1的横截面为圆环形，即集流管1为圆管，集流管1具有第一端(图1所示的集流管1的左端)和第二端(图1所示的集流管1的右端)。
换热管2具有多个，多个换热管2沿集流管1的长度方向(图1所示的左右方向)相互间隔开。可选地，多个换热管2沿集流管1的长度方向均匀间隔布置，即相邻换热管2之间的距离相等。每个换热管2具有第一端21和内腔，换热管2的第一端21(图1所示的换热管21的上端)穿过集流管1的管壁插入集流管1的内腔，且换热管2的内腔与集流管1的内腔连通。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
具体地，集流管1的管壁具有多个贯穿集流管1的管壁的插孔，多个插孔沿集流管1的长度方向(图1所示的左右方向)相互间隔开，一个换热管2对应一个插孔，换热管2的第一端穿过插孔插入集流管1的内腔。更具体地，集流管1水平放置且长度大于250mm，换热管2竖直放置，集流管1的直径(即底壁12的宽度)大于换热管2的宽度，以便换热管2的第一端沿宽度方向可完全插入集流管1的内腔。这里，需要理解的是，换热管2的宽度为换热管2在图2所示的左右方向上的长度。
分配管3具有第一端(图1所示的分配管3的左端)和第二端(图1所示的分配管3的右端)，分配管3的第一端为流体进口，以便于冷媒流入分配管3内，分配管3的第二端封闭且从集流管1的第一端伸入集流管1的内腔。可以理解的是，为了顺利分配冷媒，分配管3位于换热管2上方。可选地，分配管3与换热管2的第一端21间隔开一定距离。在另一些实施例中，分配管3与换热管2的第一端21至少部分相接触。
分配管3具有管壁和内腔，分配管3的管壁具有通孔31，通孔31连通集流管1的内腔和分配管3的内腔。换言之，如图1、4、7所示，分配管3的左端在集流管1左侧，分配管3的右端从集流管1的左端伸入集流管1的内腔，且分配管3的右端封闭，通孔31贯穿分配管3的管壁的壁厚，通孔31连通分配管3的内腔和集流管1的内腔，分配管3在上下方向上高于换热管2的第一端21。可以理解的是，通过分配管3的第一端流入分配管3的冷媒流向分配管3的第二端，且分配管3内的冷媒经通孔31流入集流管1的内腔。
通孔31设有多个，多个通孔31沿分配管3的长度方向(图1所示的左右方向)间隔布置。可以理解的是，通过将分配管3的管壁上设置多个沿分配管3的长度方向彼此间隔开的通孔31，可以使分配管3内的冷媒均匀地流入集流管1的内腔。
其中，在一些可选的实施例中，多个通孔31沿从分配管3的第一端朝向分配管3的第二端的方向(图1所示的从左向右的方向)依次为第一通孔、第二通孔、第三通孔、……第n-1通孔和第n通孔，其中第i+1通孔和第i通孔之间的距离为：
d i＝α iL 0，i＝1，2，……n-1，α＝0.618，L 0为相邻换热管2之间的距离。
例如，第二通孔和第一通孔之间的距离为：d 1＝α 1L 0，第三通孔和第二通孔之间的距离为：d 2＝α 2L 0。这里，需要理解的是，第一通孔是分配管3上最邻近流体进口的一个通孔31，如图1所示，第一通孔为最左侧的通孔31。通过该公式，能够以一种相对规律的设计，达到流量较为均匀分配的目的。
在一些具体的实施例中，多个换热管2沿从分配管3的第一端朝向分配管3的第二端的方向(图1所示的从左向右的方向)依次为第一换热管、第二换热管、第三换热管、第四换热管……，第一通孔位于第三换热管和第四换热管之间。这里，第一换热管是最邻近流体进口的一个换热管2，如图1所示，第一换热管为最左侧的换热管2，换言之，最邻近流体进口的一个通孔31开设在第三换热管和第四换热管之间。
在另一些可选的实施例中，分配管3的管壁上的多个通孔31分为一部分通孔和另一部分通孔，其中一部分通孔位于集流管1的第一端(图1所示的集流管1的左端)到集流管1沿长度方向的中间位置之间，且该一部分通孔沿分配管3的长度方向(图1所示的左右方向)均匀间隔布置。另一部分通孔位于集流管1的沿长度方向的中间位置到集流管1的第二端(图1所示的集流管1的右端)之间，且该另一部分通孔沿从集流管1的中间位置朝向集流管1的第二端的方向依次为第一通孔、第二通孔、第三通孔、……第n-1通孔和第n通孔，其中第i+1通孔和第i通孔之间的距离为：
d i＝λα iL 0，i＝1，2，……n-1，α＝0.618，L 0为相邻换热管2之间的距离，λ为系数。通过该公式，能够以一种相对规律的设计，达到流量较为均匀分配的目的。
在一些具体的实施例中，一部分通孔中的相邻通孔31之间的距离为d＝λL 0。
具体地，λ为2-10。优选地，λ为2.5，则一部分通孔中的相邻通孔31之间的距离为d＝2.5L 0，另一部分通孔中的第i+1通孔和第i通孔之间的距离为：d i＝2.5α iL 0。
优选地，通孔31为圆孔，另一部分通孔中，若d i＜D 0，则d i＝D 0+2，D 0为通孔31的直径。具体地，1mm<D 0<3mm。这里，可以理解的是，集流管1沿长度方向的中间位置即为集流管1的1/2长度处，如图1所示的B-B位置处。
根据本申请实施例的换热器，通过设置一端为流体进口、另一端封闭且伸入集流管1的内腔的分配管3，且在分配管3的管壁上设置多个具有上述间距的通孔，集流管1的内腔的冷媒可以均匀地向多个换热管2分配，由此可提高冷媒在换热器内分配的均匀性，提高了换热效率。
换热管2可以为扁管，业内也称微通道扁管，扁管的使用有利于降低空调的重量、减小空调的尺寸。其中，扁管通常内部设有多个供冷媒流动的通道。相邻的通道彼此隔离。多个通道排成一列，共同影响扁管的宽度。扁管整体呈扁平状，其长度大于宽度，宽度又大于其厚度。扁管的长度方向即由扁管内的所述通道所确定的冷媒流动方向。扁管的长度方向可以是直线型或折线型或弯曲型等。这里所说的扁管并不局限于此种类型，也可以是其它形态。比如，相邻的通道可不完全隔离。又比如，所有的通道可以排成两列，只要其宽度仍大于厚度即可。
在一些实施例中，如图1、4、7所示，换热器还包括翅片5，翅片5设在相邻换热管2之间，由此通过翅片5和换热管2进行换热，提高换热效率。具体地，多个换热管2彼此间隔开，翅片5设在相邻换热管2之间的间隙中，且翅片5至少部分与换热管2连接。
在一些实施例中，分配管3在集流管1的内腔的长度与集流管1的长度大体一致。具体地，分配管3的第二端从集流管1的第一端伸入集流管1的内腔且延伸至集流管1的第二端，如图1、4、7所示，分配管3的右端从集流管1的左端伸入集流管1的内腔且向右延伸并延伸至集流管1的右端。
在一些实施例中，如图2、6、9所示，通孔31可开设在分配管3的沿分配管3的周向的任意位置，即沿分配管3的周向旋转一圈的任意位置均可开设通孔31。换言之，如图2所示，在具有通孔31的分配管3的横截面上，定义分配管3的水平直径所在的直线为水平线，通孔31可位于水平线上方，且通孔31的中心与分配管3的中心的连线与水平线的夹角α为0°<α<180°，通孔31也可位于水平线下方，且通孔31的中心与分配管3的中心的连线与水平线的夹角α为0°<α<180°。
在一些实施例中，如图1、3、4、7所示，换热器还包括支撑组件4，支撑组件4包括第一支撑件41，第一支撑件41具有第一端(图3所示的第一支撑件41的下端)和第二端(图3所示的第一支撑件41的上端)，分配管3具有外周面，第一支撑件41的第一端与集流管1连接，第一支撑件41的第二端位于分配管3下方且与分配管3的外周面相接触。由此，通过第一支撑件41支撑分配管3。可以理解的是，第一支撑件41的设置形式并不限于此，例如，在一些可选的实施例中，第一支撑件41的第二端还可以位于分配管3下方且与分配管3相连。在另一些可选的实施例中，第一支撑件41可以位于分配管3的上方，且第一支撑件41的上端与集流管1连接，第一支撑件41的下端与分配管1相连。
具体地，第一支撑件41设有多个，多个第一支撑件41沿集流管1的长度方向(图1所示的左右方向)相互间隔布置，由此，通过多个第一支撑件41共同支撑分配管3。可以理解的是，本申请并不限于此，第一支撑件41还可以仅有一个，一个第一支撑件41位于集流管1沿长度方向的中间位置。
在一些具体的实施例中，第一支撑件41的第一端(图3所示的第一支撑件41的下端)与集流管1的外周面相连，第一支撑件41的第二端(图3所示的第一支撑件41的上端)从集流管1的外周面伸入集流管1的内腔，且第一支撑件41的第二端与分配管3的外周面相接触。具体地，如图3所示，第一支撑件41包括从上向下依次设置且彼此连接的第一段和第二段，其中第一段在集流管1的内腔且与分配管3的外周面相接触，第二段贴设在集流管1的外周面。
在一些实施例中，支撑组件4还包括第二支撑件42，第二支撑件42从集流管1的第二端(图1所示的集流管1的右端)伸入集流管1的内腔，第二支撑件42位于分配管3下方且与分配管3的外周面相接触。可以理解的是，第二支撑件42的设置形式并不限于此，例如，在一些可选的实施例中，第二支撑件42位于分配管下方且与分配管3的外周面相连。在另一些可选的实施例中，第二支撑件42位于分配管3上方且与分配管3的外周面相连。可以理解的是，本申请并不限于此，例如在分配管3的第二端焊接在集流管1的内腔的第二端时，支撑组件4可以不设置第二支撑件42。在本申请图示的实施例中，通过同时设置第一支撑件41与第二支撑件42，能够更好地对分配管3进行支撑和定位，使分配管3更加固定，不易在制造与装配的过程中移位。
在一些实施例中，如图1-3所示，集流管1的管壁包括弧形壁11和底壁12，弧形壁11具有第一侧边沿和第二侧边沿，底壁12具有第一侧边沿和第二侧边沿，弧形壁11的第一侧边沿与底壁12的第一侧边沿相连，弧形壁12的第二侧边沿与底壁12的第二侧边沿相连，以使弧形壁11和底壁12相连，且弧形壁11的内表面和底壁12的内表面围出集流管1的内腔。插孔形成在底壁12，换热管2的第一端21穿过底壁12上的插孔插入集流管1的内腔，换热管2的第一端21与底壁12之间的距离为0-2mm。这里，需要理解的是，换热管2的第一端21与底壁12之间的距离为换热管2的第一端21的端面211和底壁12的围成集流管1的内腔的内表面之间的垂直距离，即换热管2的第一端21伸入集流管1内的深度为0-2mm。
可选地，底壁12大体平直，且弧形壁11弯曲成弧形，以使集流管1的横截面大体为D形。具体地，弧形壁11的横截面为半圆形，以使集流管1为半圆管。
在另一些实施例中，如图4-9所示，换热器还包括隔板6，隔板6设于集流管1的内腔，隔板6沿集流管1的长度方向(图4、7所示的左右方向)延伸，以将集流管1的内腔分隔成第一腔体101和第二腔体102。换言之，集流管1的内腔包括均沿集流管1的长度方向延伸的第一腔体101和第二腔体102，隔板6具有多个沿隔板6的厚度方向贯穿隔板6的槽孔61，多个槽孔61沿隔板6的长度方向相互间隔布置，槽孔61连通第一腔体101和第二腔体102。多个槽孔61与多个插孔一一对应，即一个槽孔61对准一个插孔。
在一些可选的实施例中，如图4-6所示，换热管2的第一端21依次穿过集流管1的管壁、第一腔体101和隔板6插入第二腔体102，换热管2的第一端21与隔板6邻近第二腔体102的表面(图4所示的隔板6的上表面)之间的距离为0-2mm，且换热管2的内腔与第二腔体102连通。这里，需要理解的是，换热管2的第一端21与隔板6之间的距离为换热管2的第一端21的端面211(图4所示的换热管2的上端面)和隔板6的邻近第二腔体102的表面(图4所示的隔板6的上表面)之间的垂直距离，即换热管2的第一端伸入第二腔体102的深度为0-2mm。
在另一些可选的实施例中，如图7-9所示，换热管2的第一端21依次穿过插孔和第一腔体101伸入槽孔61，换热管2的第一端21未伸出槽孔61，即换热管2的第一端21未插入第二腔体102，换热管2的内腔通过槽孔61与第二腔体102连通，换热管2的第一端21与隔板6的邻近第二腔体102的表面(图7所示的隔板6的上表面)之间的距离为0-2mm。这里，需要理解的是，换热管2的第一端21与隔板6的邻近第二腔体102的表面之间的距离为换热管2的第一端21的端面211(图7所示的换热管2的上端面)和隔板6的邻近第二腔体102的表面(图7所示的隔板6的上表面)之间的垂直距离。
具体地，在槽孔61上采用冲压的方式沿从第二腔体102朝向第一腔体101的方向(图7、8所示的从上向下的方向)进行翻边，以使槽孔61具有向下延伸的竖直边。换热管2的第一端21依次穿过插孔和第一腔体101伸入槽孔61的由翻边形成的竖直边处。
下面参考附图1-3描述根据本申请一个具体实施例的换热器。
如图1-3所示，根据本申请实施例的换热器包括集流管1、多个换热管2、分配管3、支撑组件4和翅片5。集流管1水平放置即沿左右方向延伸，且长度大于250mm，集流管1的管壁包括彼此连接的弧形壁11和底壁12，底壁12大体平直，弧形壁11弯曲且横截面呈半圆形，以使集流管1为半圆管。集流管1的底壁12具有多个沿底壁12的厚度方向即上下方向贯穿底壁12的插孔，多个插孔沿底壁12的长度方向即图1所示的左右方向相互间隔布置，且相邻插孔之间的距离相等。
换热管2为扁管，换热管2具有多个，多个换热管2沿集流管1的长度方向依次布置且相互间隔开，相邻换热管2之间的距离相等，每个换热管2的第一端21(图1所示的上端)从下向上穿过集流管1的底壁12的插孔插入集流管1的内腔，换热管2的内腔与集流管1的内腔连通，一个换热管2对应一个插孔，换热管2的第一端21的端面211与底壁12的上表面之间的距离为0-2mm，即换热管2的第一端21伸入集流管1的内腔的深度为0-2mm。
翅片5设在相邻换热管2之间的间隙中，且翅片5至少部分与换热管2连接，以提高换热效率。
分配管3的左端为流体进口，以便于冷媒流入分配管3内，分配管3的右端伸入集流管1内，分配管3的右端延伸至集流管1的右端且分配管3的右端封闭，分配管3的管壁具有多个贯穿分配管3的管壁的通孔31，通孔31为圆孔，且通孔31的直径D 0为1mm<D 0<3mm，通过通孔31连通分配管3的内腔与集流管2的内腔，即分配管3的内腔的冷媒通过通孔31可进入集流管1的内腔，并进一步进入各个换热管2内。分配管3的外周面与换热管2的第一端的端面在上下方向上间隔开。
通孔31可开设在分配管3的沿分配管3的周向的任意位置。换言之，通孔31可开设在沿分配管3的周向旋转一圈的任意位置。
其中多个通孔31的设置方式可以为：假设多个通孔31从左向右依次为第一通孔、第二通孔、第三通孔、……第n-1通孔和第n通孔，其中第i+1通孔和第i通孔之间的距离为：d i＝α iL 0，i＝1，2，……n-1，α＝0.618，L 0为相邻换热管2之间的距离。例如，第二通孔和第一通孔之间的距离为：d 1＝α 1L 0，第三通孔和第二通孔之间的距离为：d 2＝α 2L 0。
假设多个换热管2从左向右依次为第一换热管、第二换热管、第三换热管、第四换热管……，其中第一通孔位于第三换热管和第四换热管之间。
多个通孔31的设置方式还可以为：分配管3的管壁上的多个通孔31分为一部分通孔和另一部分通，其中一部分通孔位于集流管1的左端到集流管1沿长度方向的中间位置之间，且该一部分通孔沿分配管3的长度方向(图1所示的左右方向)均匀间隔布置，且相邻通孔31之间的距离为d＝2.5L 0，L 0为相邻换热管2之间的距离。另一部分通孔位于集流管1的沿长度方向的中间位置到集流管1的右端之间，且该另一部分通孔沿从集流管1的中间位置朝向集流管1的第二端的方向依次为第一通孔、第二通孔、第三通孔、……第n-1通孔和第n通孔，其中第i+1通孔和第i通孔之间的距离为：
d i＝2.5α iL 0i＝1，2，……n-1，α＝0.618，λ为系数，且若d i＜D 0，则d i＝D 0+2。
支撑组件4包括第一支撑件41和第二支撑件42，第一支撑件41的下端与集流管1的底壁11相连，第一支撑件41的上端从集流管1的底壁11伸入集流管1的内腔，且第一支撑件41的上端与分配管3的外周面相接触，第一支撑件41位于集流管1沿长度方向的中间位置，以在集流管1沿长度方向的中间位置支撑分配管3，第二支撑件42从集流管1的右端伸入集流管1内，且第二支撑件42的上表面与分配管3的外周面相接触，以在分配管3的右端支撑分配管3。
下面参考附图4-6描述根据本申请另一个具体实施例的换热器。
如图4-6所示，根据本申请实施例的换热器包括集流管1、多个换热管2、分配管3、支撑组件4、翅片5和隔板6。集流管1的横截面为圆环形，即集流管1为圆管。集流管1的管壁具有多个沿集流管1的管壁的厚度方向即上下方向贯穿集流管1的管壁的插孔，多个插孔沿集流管1的长度方向即图4所示的左右方向相互间隔布置，且相邻插孔之间的距离相等。
隔板6设在集流管1的内腔，隔板6沿集流管1的长度方向(图4所示的左右方向)延伸，以将集流管1的内腔分隔成第一腔体101和第二腔体102。隔板6具有多个沿隔板6的厚度方向贯穿隔板6的槽孔61，多个槽孔61沿隔板6的长度方向相互间隔布置，且多个槽孔61与多个插孔一一对应，即一个槽孔61对准一个插孔，槽孔61连通第一腔体101和第二腔体102。
换热管2为扁管，换热管2具有多个，多个换热管2沿集流管1的长度方向相互间隔布置，且相邻换热管2之间的距离相等，每个换热管2的第一端21(图1所示的换热管2的上端)从下向上依次穿过插孔、第一腔体101和槽孔61插入第二腔体102，换热管2的内腔与第二腔体102连通，一个换热管2对应一个插孔，换热管2的第一端21的端面211与隔板6的上表面之间的距离为0-2mm，即换热管2的第一端211伸入第二腔体的深度为0-2mm。
翅片5设在相邻换热管2之间的间隙中，且翅片5至少部分与换热管2连接，以提高换热效率。
分配管3的左端为流体进口，分配管3的右端伸入第二腔体102，分配管3的右端延伸至集流管1的右端且分配管3的右端封闭，分配管3的管壁上的通孔31连通分配管3的内腔与第二腔体102，即分配管3的内腔的冷媒通过通孔31可进入第二腔体102，并进一步进入各个换热管2内。
支撑组件4包括第一支撑件41和第二支撑件42，第一支撑件41的下端与集流管1的外周面相连，第一支撑件41的上端从集流管1的外周面依次穿过集流管1的管壁、第一腔体101和隔板6伸入第二腔体102，且第一支撑件41的上端与分配管3的外周面相接触，第一支撑件41位于第一端21支撑分配管3，第二支撑件42从集流管1的右端伸入第二腔体102，且第二支撑件42的上表面与分配管3的外周面相接触，以在分配管3的右端支撑分配管3。
图4-6所示的换热器的其他结构和操作可以与图1-3所示实施例相同，这里不再详细描述。
下面参考附图7-9描述根据本申请再一个具体实施例的换热器。
如图7-9所示，根据本申请实施例的换热器包括集流管1、多个换热管2、分配管3、支撑组件4、翅片5和隔板6。
在隔板6的槽孔61上采用冲压的方式沿(图7、8所示的从上向下的方向)进行翻边，以使槽孔61具有向下延伸的竖直边。换热管2的第一端21(图7所示的换热管2的上端)依次穿过插孔和第一腔体101伸入槽孔61的由翻边形成的竖直边处，换热管2的第一端21未伸出槽孔61，即未插入第二腔体102，换热管2的内腔通过槽孔61与第二腔体102连通，换热管2的第一端21的端面211与隔板6的上表面之间的距离为0-2mm。
图7-9所示的换热器的其他结构和操作可以与图4-6所示实施例相同，这里不再详细描述。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种换热器，其特征在于，包括：
    集流管，所述集流管具有第一端、第二端、管壁和内腔；
    换热管，所述换热管具有多个，多个所述换热管沿所述集流管的长度方向布置，每个所述换热管具有第一端和内腔，所述换热管的内腔与所述集流管的内腔相连通；
    分配管，所述分配管具有第一端、第二端、管壁和内腔，所述分配管的第一端为流体进口，所述分配管的第二端封闭，所述分配管的管壁具有多个连通所述集流管的内腔和所述分配管的内腔的通孔，多个所述通孔沿所述分配管的长度方向布置，且多个所述通孔沿从所述分配管的第一端朝向所述分配管的第二端的方向依次为第一通孔、第二通孔、第三通孔、……第n-1通孔和第n通孔，其中第i+1通孔和第i通孔之间的距离为：
    d i＝α iL 0，i＝1，2，……n-1，α＝0.618，L 0为相邻所述换热管之间的距离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换热器，其特征在于，多个所述换热管包括沿从所述分配管的第一端朝向所述分配管的第二端的方向依次排布的第一换热管、第二换热管、第三换热管、第四换热管，所述第一通孔位于所述第三换热管和第四换热管之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述换热管的第一端穿过所述集流管的管壁插入所述集流管的内腔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述分配管的第二端从所述集流管的第一端伸入所述集流管的内腔。
  5. 一种换热器，其特征在于，包括：
    集流管，所述集流管具有第一端、第二端、管壁和内腔；
    换热管，所述换热管具有多个，多个所述换热管沿所述集流管的长度方向布置，每个所述换热管具有第一端和内腔，所述换热管的内腔与所述集流管的内腔相连通；
    分配管，所述分配管具有第一端、第二端、管壁和内腔，所述分配管的第一端为流体进口，所述分配管的第二端封闭，所述分配管的管壁具有多个连通所述集流管的内腔和所述分配管的内腔的通孔，其中多个所述通孔中的一部分通孔位于所述集流管的第一端和所述集流管沿长度方向的中间位置之间，且所述一部分通孔沿所述集流管的长度方向布置，且相邻所述通孔之间的距离相等；多个所述通孔中的另一部分通孔位于所述集流管沿长度方向的中间位置和所述集流管的第二端之间，且所述另一部分通孔从所述集流管沿长度方向的中间位置朝向所述集流管的第二端的方向依次为第一通孔、第二通孔、第三通孔、……第n-1通孔和第n通孔，其中第i+1通孔和第i通孔之间的距离为：
    d i＝λα iL 0，i＝1，2，……n-1，α＝0.618，L 0为相邻所述换热管之间的距离，λ为系数。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述一部分通孔中，相邻所述通孔之间的距离为：d＝λL 0。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的换热器，其特征在于，λ为2-10。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的换热器，其特征在于，λ为2.5。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述通孔为圆孔，所述通孔的直径D 0为1mm<D 0<3mm。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的换热器，其特征在于，在所述另一部分通孔中，若d i＜D 0，则d i＝D 0+2。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述换热管的第一端穿过所述集流管的管壁插入所述集流管的内腔。
  12. 根据权利要求5所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述分配管的第二端从所述集流管的第一端伸入所述集流管的内腔。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述通孔可开设在所述分配管的沿所述分配管的周向的任意位置。
  14. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述换热器还包括支撑组件，所述支撑组件包括：
    第一支撑件，所述第一支撑件具有第一端和第二端，所述集流管具有外周面，所述分配管具有外周面，所述第一支撑件的第一端与所述集流管的外周面连接，所述第一支撑件的第二端从所述集流管的外周面依次穿过所述集流管的管壁、所述第一腔体和所述隔板伸入所述第二腔体，所述第一支撑件的第二端与所述分配管的外周面相接触；
    第二支撑件，所述第二支撑件从所述集流管的第二端伸入所述集流管的内腔，且所述第二支撑件与所述分配管的外周面相接触。
  15. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述集流管的管壁包括弧形壁和底壁，所述弧形壁具有第一侧边沿和第二侧边沿，所述底壁具有第一侧边沿和第二侧边沿，所述弧形壁的第一侧边沿和所述底壁的第一侧边沿相连，所述弧形壁的第二侧边沿和所述底壁的第二侧边沿相连。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述集流管的横截面大体为D形，所述弧形壁的横截面为半圆形，所述换热管的第一端与所述底壁之间的距离为0-2mm。
  17. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述集流管为圆管，所述集流管的管壁具有多个插孔，多个所述插孔沿所述集流管的长度方向布置，所述换热器还包括隔板，所述隔板设于所述集流管的内腔，所述隔板沿所述集流管的长度方向延伸，所述隔板将所述集流管分隔成第一腔体和第二腔体，所述隔板具有多个槽孔，多个所述槽孔沿所述隔板的延伸方向布置，且多个所述槽孔与多个所述插孔一一对应，所述槽孔沿所述隔板的厚度方向贯穿所述隔板。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述换热管的第一端依次穿过所插孔、所述第一腔体和所述槽孔插入所述第二腔体，且所述换热管的内腔与所述第二腔体连通，所述换热管的第一端与所述隔板的邻近所述第二腔体的表面之间的距离为0-2mm。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述换热管的第一端依次穿过所述插孔和所述第一腔体伸入所述槽孔，所述换热管的第一端未伸出所述槽孔，所述换热管的内腔通过所述槽孔与所述第二腔体连通，所述换热管的第一端与所述扁管的邻近所述第二腔体的表面之间的距离为0-2mm。
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