WO2020062563A1 - 偏光结构及显示装置 - Google Patents

偏光结构及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020062563A1
WO2020062563A1 PCT/CN2018/119267 CN2018119267W WO2020062563A1 WO 2020062563 A1 WO2020062563 A1 WO 2020062563A1 CN 2018119267 W CN2018119267 W CN 2018119267W WO 2020062563 A1 WO2020062563 A1 WO 2020062563A1
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Prior art keywords
compensation film
film
light
polarizing
refractive index
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PCT/CN2018/119267
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康志聪
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HKC Co Ltd
Chongqing HKC Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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HKC Co Ltd
Chongqing HKC Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2020062563A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020062563A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display, and in particular to a polarizing structure and a display device.
  • the display device is generally composed of a backlight module and a display panel placed on the backlight module.
  • the backlight module provides incident light for the display panel.
  • the incident light is usually concentrated and incident on the display panel. Therefore, when viewing the display screen in the frontal direction, It can obtain better display image quality, but when viewing the display screen in the side view direction, the image quality is poor and the color cast is more serious, which makes the viewing angle of normal display smaller.
  • a polarizing structure is provided according to various embodiments of the present application.
  • a polarizing structure includes:
  • a phase compensation film having a light incident surface and a light exit surface opposite to the light incident surface
  • a polarizing film provided on the light emitting surface of the phase compensation film
  • An optical compensation film is disposed on the polarizing film and is located on the top layer of the polarizing structure.
  • the optical compensation film has a first refractive index, the first refractive index is greater than the refractive index of air, and the optical compensation film is in contact with air.
  • a plurality of grooves are formed on one side of each of the grooves, and a width of each of the grooves is smaller than or close to a wavelength of incident light.
  • the optical compensation film is located on the top layer of the polarizing structure and has a first refractive index.
  • the first refractive index is greater than the refractive index of air. That is, when light penetrates the optical compensation film and enters the air, it is emitted from light.
  • the width of each groove is smaller than or close to the wavelength of the incident light.
  • the groove is equivalent to A grating, the light incident on the groove will be diffracted, thereby changing the propagation path of the light, making the vertically incident light diverge to the side viewing angle, and improving the image quality of the side viewing angle.
  • a width of each of the grooves is greater than or equal to 300 nm and less than or equal to 1000 nm.
  • each of the grooves is an elongated groove, and each of the elongated grooves is arranged side by side.
  • each of the grooves is arranged in a two-dimensional matrix array, and the length and width of each of the grooves are both smaller than or close to the wavelength of incident light.
  • the center-to-center distance between adjacent grooves is less than or equal to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the optical compensation film is a single optical axis C-compensation film
  • the first refractive index is a normal refractive index of the C-compensation film
  • the optical compensation film is a single optical axis A-compensation film
  • the first refractive index is an abnormal refractive index of the A-compensation film
  • the optical compensation film is doped with resin particles having anti-glare function.
  • it further includes:
  • a support film is provided between the polarizing film and the optical compensation film.
  • the support film includes a polyethylene terephthalate support film.
  • the support film includes a polymethyl methacrylate support film.
  • the support film includes a triacetyl cellulose support film.
  • the polarizing film includes a polyvinyl alcohol film.
  • it further includes:
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is provided on the light incident surface of the phase compensation film.
  • the first refractive index is greater than 1.0 and less than 2.5.
  • the difference between the second refractive index and the air refractive index ranges from greater than 0.01 to less than 1.5.
  • another polarizing structure is provided.
  • a polarizing structure includes:
  • a phase compensation film having a light incident surface and a light exit surface opposite to the light incident surface
  • a polarizing film provided on the light emitting surface of the phase compensation film.
  • An optical compensation film is disposed on the polarizing film and is located on the top layer of the polarizing structure.
  • the optical compensation film has a first refractive index, the first refractive index is greater than the refractive index of air, and the optical compensation film is in contact with air.
  • a plurality of grooves are formed on one side, and the width of each of the grooves is less than or close to the wavelength of incident light, the center distance of the grooves is less than or equal to the opening width of a single pixel, and the optical compensation film is doped with anti- Functional resin particles.
  • the above-mentioned polarizing structure can deflect most of the light perpendicularly incident on the display panel to the side viewing angle, and distribute the energy of the positive viewing angle to the side viewing angle, thereby improving the image quality of the side viewing angle.
  • a display device is provided according to various embodiments of the present application.
  • a display device includes:
  • a backlight module configured to provide a light source
  • a display panel is placed on one side of the backlight module and is set as a display screen
  • the display panel includes a polarizing structure, and the polarizing structure includes:
  • a phase compensation film having a light incident surface and a light exit surface opposite to the light incident surface
  • a polarizing film provided on the light emitting surface of the phase compensation film.
  • An optical compensation film is disposed on the polarizing film and is located on the top layer of the polarizing structure.
  • the optical compensation film has a first refractive index, the first refractive index is greater than the refractive index of air, and the optical compensation film is in contact with air.
  • a plurality of grooves are formed on one side of each of the grooves, and a width of each of the grooves is smaller than or close to a wavelength of incident light.
  • the display panel of the above display device includes a polarizing structure, which can deflect the light perpendicularly incident on the display panel to the side viewing angle and distribute the energy of the positive viewing angle to the side viewing angle, thereby improving the image quality of the side viewing angle.
  • the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel.
  • an included angle between a divergence direction of the incident light generated by the backlight module and a direction perpendicular to the display panel is less than 30 °.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of a polarized structure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of diffraction of incident light by a polarizing structure
  • 3A is a perspective structural view of an optical compensation film in an embodiment
  • 3B is a schematic perspective view of an optical compensation film in another embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a polarizing structure in an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a polarizing structure in an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a display panel according to an embodiment.
  • the polarizing structure includes a phase compensation film 100, a polarizing film 200, and an optical compensation film 300 stacked in this order.
  • the phase compensation film 100 has a light incident surface 100A and a light exit surface 100B.
  • the light surface 100A is the side that receives the incident light.
  • the light enters the phase compensation film 100 from the light incident surface 100A and is phase-compensated. Then, the light exits from the light output surface 100B. Due to the phase delay of the light after passing through the liquid crystal, the phase compensation film 100 can Correct the light phase.
  • the phase compensation film 100 may be an A-plate or a C-plate or a combination of an A-plate and a C-plate.
  • the phase-compensated light enters the polarizing film 200.
  • the polarizing film 200 is used to polarize the light to form linearly polarized light. Only the light whose electric field direction is parallel to the polarization axis of the polarizing film 200 can penetrate the polarizing film 200, that is, from polarized light. The electric field direction of the light emitted from the film 200 is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing film 200.
  • the polarizing film 200 may be a polyvinyl alcohol film.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol film has high transparency, high elongation performance, and has a polarizing effect on light.
  • the optical compensation film 300 is located on the top layer of the polarizing structure, and a plurality of grooves 301 are formed on the side of the optical compensation film 300 that is in contact with the air.
  • the optical compensation film 300 has a first refractive index that is greater than the refractive index of air. When light penetrates the optical compensation film 300 and enters the air, it is a process from the light dense to the light dense. At the same time, since the width of each groove 301 is smaller than or close to the wavelength, the groove 301 is equivalent to a grating, and light may be diffracted at the groove 301.
  • this solution is to provide an optical compensation film 300 on the top layer and contact the air on the optical compensation film 300
  • a groove 301 is formed on one side of the groove, the groove 301 forms a grating, and the first refractive index of the optical compensation film 300 is greater than the refractive index of air.
  • each groove 301 is X, and the range of X can be 300 nm ⁇ X ⁇ 1000 nm.
  • the optical compensation film 300 vertically and enters the air, diffraction occurs at each groove 301. That is, the light propagation path changes, and the light deviates from the original normal incident direction and diverges to the side. Therefore, more light enters the side and improves the image quality of the side viewing angle.
  • the larger the difference between the first refractive index n1 and the air refractive index n2 is, the more obvious the diffraction phenomenon is, and the easier it is to distribute the frontal light type energy to a large viewing angle.
  • each groove 301 is an elongated groove.
  • Each of the elongated grooves 301 can be arranged side by side.
  • the width of each of the elongated grooves ( (X direction) is less than or close to the wavelength of the incident light.
  • the grooves 301 can also be arranged in a two-dimensional matrix array, and the width (X direction) and length (Y direction) of each groove are both smaller than or close to the wavelength of incident light. Because in the display device, most of the light generated by the backlight module is concentrated and incident on the display panel vertically.
  • each layer of the polarizing structure is flat and perpendicular to the normal incident light, the normal incident light will not pass through the polarizing plate. Changing its propagation direction, the light is still emitted vertically when it enters vertically, causing the light to be concentrated at the front viewing angle, which makes the display quality of the front viewing direction better, but the side viewing angle is poor due to the weak light.
  • the optical compensation film 300 is provided on the top layer and a plurality of grooves 301 are formed on the optical compensation film 300, each groove 301 can diffract the perpendicularly incident light, and the light deviates from the original perpendicular incident direction to the side. Divergence, so more light will enter the side, improving the quality of the side view angle.
  • each of the grooves 301 is a rectangular parallelepiped groove. In other embodiments, each of the grooves 301 can also be a groove of other shapes. The size of each groove 301 can diffract the incident light. .
  • the center-to-center distance between adjacent grooves 301 is less than or equal to 10 ⁇ m, that is, less than the opening width of a general pixel, that is, each pixel opening corresponds to at least one groove 301 that deflects the pixel light.
  • the polarizing film 200 has an absorption axis and a transmission axis, and polarized light having an electric field direction parallel to the transmission axis can pass through the polarizing film 200.
  • the optical compensation film 300 should be made of a transparent or translucent material that can transmit light and has the function of optical compensation, and the optical compensation may specifically be phase compensation.
  • the optical compensation film 300 is filled with liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal is a birefringent material. When light enters the liquid crystal, it is generally refracted into two kinds of normal light and abnormal light. The refractive index of the normal light is the normal refractive index.
  • the refractive index of anomalous light is anomalous refractive index
  • the direction of anomalous refraction is the direction in which the direction of the optical electric field is parallel to the optical axis of the liquid crystal
  • the direction of normal refraction is the direction in which the optical field is perpendicular to the optical axis of the liquid crystal
  • the direction of the anomalous refraction is perpendicular to the direction of normal refraction.
  • the optical compensation film 300 is a single optical axis C-compensation film.
  • the single optical axis C-compensation film can be filled with a dish-shaped liquid crystal 302, and the optical axis of the dish-shaped liquid crystal 302 is perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the normal refraction direction of the dish-shaped liquid crystal 302 is the directions in which the direction of the optical field is perpendicular to the optical axis of the dish-shaped liquid crystal 302, that is, the direction of the light field for normal refraction of the dish-shaped liquid crystal 302 may be in various directions parallel to the light incident surface.
  • the corresponding normal refractive index is n1 o .
  • the first refractive index is the normal refractive index n1 o of the C-compensation film. After the polarization of the polarizing film 200, the light becomes linearly polarized light.
  • the direction of the electric field of the linearly polarized light is parallel to the transmission axis, that is, the direction of the electric field of the linearly polarized light is perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical compensation film 300. Only normal refraction occurs in the film 300.
  • the first refractive index is selected from the normal refractive index n1 o of the optical compensation film 300, and n1 o is greater than the refractive index n2 of the air.
  • the optical compensation film 300 is a single optical axis A-compensation film.
  • the single optical axis A-compensation film can be filled with nematic liquid crystal, and the optical axis of the nematic liquid crystal is parallel to the light incident surface and parallel to
  • the transmission axis of the polarizing film 200 is the direction of the abnormal refraction of the nematic liquid crystal.
  • the direction of the optical electric field is parallel to the optical axis of the nematic liquid crystal, that is, the direction of the optical field of the abnormal refraction of the nematic liquid crystal is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing film 200.
  • the corresponding abnormal refractive index is n1 e .
  • the first refractive index is the abnormal refractive index n1 e of the A-compensation film.
  • the light becomes linearly polarized light.
  • the direction of the electric field of the linearly polarized light is parallel to the transmission axis, that is, the direction of the electric field of the linearly polarized light is parallel to the optical axis of the optical compensation film 300.
  • the refractive index of the first optical compensation film 300 select extraordinary refractive index n1 e, n1 e greater than the refractive index of air n2.
  • the polarizing structure further includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer stacked on the light incident surface of the phase compensation film 100, and the polarizing structure can be pasted on the glass substrate through the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
  • a support film 400 is further provided between the optical compensation film 300 and the polarizing film 200.
  • the support film may be a triacetate cellulose (TAC) support film, or may be poly-p-phenylene
  • a polyethylene dicarboxylate (PET) support film may also be a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) support film.
  • polyvinyl alcohol is generally used as the polarizing film 200, and polyvinyl alcohol has extremely strong hydrophilicity, and a support film is provided to protect the physical characteristics of the polarizing film 200.
  • the optical compensation film 300 is directly attached to the light-emitting surface of the polarizing film 200, that is, there is no support film provided between the optical compensation film 300 and the polarizing film 200.
  • the compensation film 300 and the optical compensation film 300 can not only deflect light, but also serve as a protective layer to protect the polarizing film 200. Therefore, the supporting film on the light-emitting side of the polarizing film 200 can be omitted in the polarizing plate, which is beneficial to the thin design of the product.
  • the minimum thickness d of the optical compensation film 300 (as shown in FIG. 2) needs to have a suitable thickness to achieve the protective effect on the polarizing film 200.
  • the polarizing structure further includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 500 stacked on the light incident surface of the phase compensation film 100. The polarizing structure can be pasted on the glass substrate through the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
  • the present invention also relates to a polarizing structure.
  • the polarizing structure includes a phase compensation film 100, a polarizing film 200, and an optical compensation film 300 stacked in this order.
  • the phase compensation film 100 has a light incident surface 100A. And light emitting surface 100B.
  • the optical compensation film 300 is stacked on the top layer of the polarizing structure, and a plurality of grooves 301 are formed on the side in contact with the air.
  • the optical compensation film 300 has a first refractive index that is greater than the refractive index of air. When the optical compensation film 300 enters the air, it is a process from the light dense to the light dense.
  • each groove 301 is smaller than or close to the wavelength, the groove 301 is equivalent to a grating, and light may be diffracted at the groove 301.
  • this solution is to provide an optical compensation film 300 on the top layer and contact the air on the optical compensation film 300
  • a groove 301 is formed on one side of the groove, the groove 301 forms a grating, and the first refractive index of the optical compensation film 300 is greater than the refractive index of air.
  • the propagation path of the vertically incident light deflects the light, so that the light energy of the positive viewing angle is distributed to the large viewing angle, and the image quality of the side viewing angle is improved.
  • the center distance between adjacent grooves 301 is less than or equal to the opening width of a single pixel, that is, each pixel opening is corresponding to at least one groove 301 to deflect light from the pixel.
  • the optical compensation film 300 is further doped with anti-glare resin particles 303, which can reduce the light reflection phenomenon of the display panel without increasing the thickness of the polarizing plate, improve the user experience, and facilitate the thin design of the product.
  • the present application also discloses a display device.
  • the display device includes a backlight module 2 and a display panel 1 disposed on one side of the backlight module 2.
  • the display panel 1 includes the above-mentioned polarizing structure.
  • the backlight module 2 is used to provide a light source.
  • the light source generates incident light, which is incident on the display panel 1 in a concentrated manner.
  • the divergent direction of the incident light is at a small angle with the direction perpendicular to the display panel, and the small angle ⁇ may be less than 30 °.
  • Most of the light received by the display panel 1 is vertically incident light. Since the display panel 1 includes a polarized structure, the polarized structure includes an optical compensation film 300 placed on the top layer.
  • the optical compensation film 300 has a first refractive index and is formed with a groove 301.
  • the first refractive index is greater than the refractive index of air, and the width of each groove 301 is smaller than or close to the wavelength of incident light.
  • the groove 301 can form a diffraction grating.
  • the polarizing plate When the polarizing plate includes the above-mentioned polarizing structure, when light enters the display panel perpendicularly and penetrates the polarizing structure and enters the air, it is a process from light dense to light dense, and because the width of each groove 301 is less than or close to the wavelength Each groove 301 is equivalent to a grating, so a diffraction phenomenon occurs at each groove 301, which deflects normal incident light to a side viewing angle, distributes positive viewing angle energy to the side viewing angle, and improves the image quality of the side viewing angle.
  • the specific structure of the polarizing structure has been described in detail above, and is not repeated here.
  • the light source in the backlight module 20 includes an edge-type light source 2A and a light guide plate 2B opposite to the edge-type light source 2A.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the light guide plate are provided with long V-shaped grooves.
  • the side wall is parallel to the side-type light source, and the length direction of the V-shaped groove 62 on the upper surface of the light guide plate and the length direction of the V-shaped groove 61 on the lower surface are perpendicular to each other.
  • the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel, which includes an upper polarizing plate 10, a lower polarizing plate 30, and a liquid crystal layer 20 sandwiched between the upper polarizing plate 10 and the lower polarizing plate 30.
  • the liquid crystal layer 20 includes a glass substrate and liquid crystal molecules interposed between the glass substrate. The incident light becomes linearly polarized light after passing through the lower polarizing plate, and the liquid crystal layer 20 can reverse the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light, so that the linearly polarized light can pass through the upper polarizing plate, thereby displaying a picture on the display panel.
  • the upper polarizing plate 10 includes the polarizing structure described above.
  • the display panel may also be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, a quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED) display panel, or a curved display panel, and the above-mentioned polarized light panel is included. Structure of other display panels.
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • QLED quantum dot light emitting diode

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请涉及一种偏光结构和显示装置，包括依次叠设的相位补偿膜、偏光膜和光学补偿膜，其中光学补偿膜位于顶层，光学补偿膜的折射率大于空气折射率，光学补偿膜与空气接触的一面形成有凹槽，各凹槽的宽度小于或接近入射光的波长。

Description

偏光结构及显示装置
相关申请
本申请要求于2018年9月30日提交中国专利局的，申请号为201811161986.5、申请名称为“偏光结构及显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示领域，特别是涉及一种偏光结构及显示装置。
背景技术
这里的陈述仅提供与本申请有关的背景信息，而不必然地构成现有技术。
随着显示技术的发展，显示装置因具有高画质、省电、机身薄等优点被广泛应用于这种电子产品中，其中，画质的好坏是影响消费者体验的最主要的因素。显示装置一般由背光模组和置于背光模组上的显示面板构成，背光模组为显示面板提供入射光，该入射光通常是集中垂直入射至显示面板，因此在正视方向观看显示屏时，能获取较好的显示画质，但是在侧视方向观看显示屏时，画质较差，色偏比较严重，使得正常显示的视角较小。
发明内容
根据本申请的各种实施例提供一种偏光结构。
一种偏光结构，包括：
相位补偿膜，具有入光面和与所述入光面相对的出光面；
偏光膜，设于所述相位补偿膜的所述出光面上；
光学补偿膜，设于所述偏光膜上且位于所述偏光结构的顶层，所述光学补偿膜具有第一折射率，所述第一折射率大于空气折射率，所述光学补偿膜与空气接触的一面形成有多个凹槽，各所述凹槽的宽度小于或接近入射光的 波长。
由于在显示装置中，背光模组产生的大部分光线是垂直入射至显示面板，若显示面板中的偏光结构各层膜表面平整且与垂直入射光方向垂直，大部分入射光垂直入射至显示面板时仍然垂直射出，导致显示面板正视角画质较好而侧视角画质较差。在本方案中，由于设有光学补偿膜，光学补偿膜位于偏光结构的顶层且具有第一折射率，第一折射率大于空气折射率，即光穿透光学补偿膜进入空气时，是从光密质进入光疏质的过程，结合光学补偿膜上形成有凹槽，各凹槽的宽度小于或接近入射光的波长，当入射光从光密质进入光疏质时，该凹槽相当于一光栅，入射至凹槽处的光线会发生衍射，从而改变光线的传播路径，使垂直入射光发散到侧视角，提高侧视角的画质。
在其中一个实施例中，各所述凹槽的宽度大于或等于300nm，且小于或等于1000nm。
在其中一个实施例中，各所述凹槽为长条形凹槽，且各所述长条形凹槽并排设置。
在其中一个实施例中，各所述凹槽呈二维矩阵阵列排列，且各所述凹槽的长度和宽度均小于或接近入射光的波长。
在其中一个实施例中，相邻凹槽的中心间距小于或等于10μm。
在其中一个实施例中，所述光学补偿膜为单光轴C-补偿膜，所述第一折射率为所述C-补偿膜的正常折射率。
在其中一个实施例中，所述光学补偿膜为单光轴A-补偿膜，所述第一折射率为所述A-补偿膜的反常折射率。
在其中一个实施例中，所述光学补偿膜内掺杂有抗炫功能的树酯颗粒。
在其中一个实施例中，还包括：
支撑膜，设于所述偏光膜和所述光学补偿膜之间。
在其中一个实施例中，所述支撑膜包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯支撑膜。
在其中一个实施例中，所述支撑膜包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯支撑膜。
在其中一个实施例中，所述支撑膜包括三醋酸纤维素支撑膜。
在其中一个实施例中，所述偏光膜包括聚乙烯醇膜。
在其中一个实施例中，还包括：
压敏胶层，设于所述相位补偿膜的入光面上。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一折射率大于1.0且小于2.5。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第二折射率与所述空气折射率的差值范围大 于0.01且小于1.5。
根据本申请的各种实施例提供另一种偏光结构。
一种偏光结构，包括：
相位补偿膜，具有入光面和与所述入光面相对的出光面；
偏光膜，设于所述相位补偿膜的所述出光面上；以及
光学补偿膜，设于所述偏光膜上且位于所述偏光结构的顶层，所述光学补偿膜具有第一折射率，所述第一折射率大于空气折射率，所述光学补偿膜与空气接触的一面形成有多个凹槽，各所述凹槽的宽度小于或接近入射光的波长，所述凹槽的中心间距小于或等于单个像素的开口宽度，所述光学补偿膜内掺杂有抗炫功能的树酯颗粒。
上述偏光结构，可以使大部分垂直入射至显示面板的光线向侧视角偏转，将正视角能量分配到侧视角，从而提高侧视角的画质。
根据本申请的各种实施例提供一种显示装置。
一种显示装置，包括：
背光模组，设置为提供光源；以及
显示面板，置于所述背光模组一侧，设置为显示画面；
其中，所述显示面板包含偏光结构，所述偏光结构包括：
相位补偿膜，具有入光面和与所述入光面相对的出光面；
偏光膜，设于所述相位补偿膜的所述出光面上；以及
光学补偿膜，设于所述偏光膜上且位于所述偏光结构的顶层，所述光学补偿膜具有第一折射率，所述第一折射率大于空气折射率，所述光学补偿膜与空气接触的一面形成有多个凹槽，各所述凹槽的宽度小于或接近入射光的波长。
上述显示装置的显示面板包含有偏光结构，可以使背光模组垂直入射至显示面板的光线向侧视角偏转，将正视角能量分配到侧视角，从而提高侧视角的画质。
在其中一个实施例中，所述显示面板为液晶显示面板。
在其中一个实施例中，所述背光模组产生的所述入射光的发散方向与垂直至显示面板的方向的夹角小于30°。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请 的其他特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更好地描述和说明这里公开的那些发明的实施例和/或示例，可以参考一副或多副附图。用于描述附图的附加细节或示例不应当被认为是对所公开的发明、目前描述的实施例和/或示例以及目前理解的这些发明的最佳模式中的任何一者的范围的限制。
图1为偏光结构爆炸图；
图2为偏光结构对入射光的衍射示意图；
图3A为一实施例中光学补偿膜的立体结构图；
图3B为另一实施例中光学补偿膜的立体示意图；
图4为一实施例中偏光结构局部剖视图；
图5为一实施例中偏光结构剖视图；
图6为一实施例中显示装置结构示意图；
图7为一实施例中显示面板结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本申请，下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的首选实施例。但是，本申请可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本申请的公开内容更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
为了彻底理解本申请，将在下列的描述中提出详细步骤以及结构，以便阐释本申请提出的技术方案。本申请的较佳实施例详细描述如下，然而除了 这些详细描述外，本申请还可以具有其他实施方式。
在一实施例中，如图1所示，偏光结构包括依次叠设的相位补偿膜100、偏光膜200、光学补偿膜300，其中，相位补偿膜100具有入光面100A和出光面100B，入光面100A为接收入射光的一面，光线从入光面100A进入相位补偿膜100进行相位补偿后从出光面100B射出，由于光线经过液晶后会出现相位延迟的现象，通过相位补偿膜100，可以对光线相位进行修正。在一实施例中，相位补偿膜100可为A-板或C-板或A-板和C-板的组合。经过相位补偿的光线进入偏光膜200，偏光膜200用于对光线进行偏振处理以形成线性偏振光，只有电场方向与偏光膜200的穿透轴平行的光线可穿透偏光膜200，即从偏光膜200射出的光线的电场方向与偏光膜200的穿透轴平行。偏光膜200可为聚乙烯醇膜，聚乙烯醇膜具有高透明、高延展性能并且对光线具有偏振作用。光学补偿膜300位于偏光结构的顶层，且在光学补偿膜300上与空气接触的一面形成有多个凹槽301，光学补偿膜300具有第一折射率，该第一折射率大于空气折射率，当光穿透光学补偿膜300进入空气时，是从光密质进入光疏质的过程。同时，由于各凹槽301的宽度小于或接近波长，该凹槽301相当于一光栅，光线在该凹槽301处可发生衍射。
在显示装置中，由于绝大部分光线是垂直入射至偏光结构中，即绝大部分光线垂直于入光面100A，本方案通过在顶层设置光学补偿膜300并在光学补偿膜300上与空气接触的一面形成凹槽301，该凹槽301形成光栅，且光学补偿膜300的第一折射率大于空气折射率，入射光穿透光学补偿膜300时，会在各凹槽301处发生衍射，改变垂直入射光的传播路径，使光线发生偏转，从而使正视角光型能量分配到大视角，提高侧视角的画质。
结合图2所示，各凹槽301的宽度为X，X的取值范围可为300nm≤X≤1000nm，当光线垂直穿透光学补偿膜300进入空气时，在各凹槽301处发生衍射，即光线传播路径发生改变，光线偏离原来垂直入射方向，向侧边发散，因此会有更多的光线射入侧边，提高侧视角度的画质。可以理解的，第一折射率n1与空气折射率n2的差异越大，衍射现象越明显，越容易将正视 光型能量分配到大视角。在一实施例中，第一折射率n1的取值范围为1.0＜n1＜2.5，空气折射率n2的取值为1。在一实施例中，若m＝n1-1，m的取值范围可为0.01＜m＜1.5。
如图3A所示，光学补偿膜300上形成有多个凹槽301，各凹槽301为长条形凹槽，各长条形凹槽301可并排设置，各长条形凹槽的宽度(X方向)小于或接近入射光的波长。如图3B所示，凹槽301也可呈二维矩阵阵列排列，各凹槽的宽度(X方向)和长度(Y方向)均小于或接近入射光的波长。由于在显示装置中，背光模组生成的光线大部分是集中垂直入射至显示面板，若偏光结构中各层膜的表面平整且与垂直入射光相互垂直，垂直入射光穿透偏光板时不会改变其传播方向，光线垂直入射时仍然垂直射出，造成光线集中在正视角度，使得正视方向的显示画质较好，而侧视角度由于光线较弱，侧视角度的画质较差。在本方案中，由于在顶层设置有光学补偿膜300且光学补偿膜300上形成有多个凹槽301，各凹槽301可以使垂直入射光线产生衍射，光线偏离原来垂直入射方向，向侧边发散，因此会有更多的光线射入侧边，提高侧视角度的画质。当各凹槽301为长条形凹槽且并排排列时，仅在一维方向(X方向)发生衍射，使光线发散到凹槽301的两侧；当各凹槽301呈二维矩形阵列排列时，由于各凹槽301的长度和宽度均小于或接近入射光的波长，会在二维平面(X方向和Y方向)内发生衍射。在一些实施例中，各凹槽301为长方体凹槽，在其他的实施例中，各凹槽301也可为其他形态的凹槽，各凹槽301的尺寸能使入射的光线发生衍射即可。在一实施例中，相邻凹槽301的中心间距小于或等于10μm，即小于一般像素的开口宽度，即满足每个像素开口对应有至少一个凹槽301对该像素光线进行偏转。
偏光膜200具有吸收轴和穿透轴，电场方向与穿透轴平行的偏振光能通过偏光膜200。在本方案中，光学补偿膜300应为可透光的透明或半透明材料制成且具有光学补偿的功能，光学补偿具体可为相位补偿。在一实施例中，光学补偿膜300内填充有液晶，液晶为双折射材料，光线进入液晶时一般会折射成正常光和反常光两条光线，其中，正常光的折射率为正常折射率，反 常光的折射率为反常折射率，反常折射方向为光电场方向与液晶光轴平行的方向，正常折射方向为光电场与液晶光轴垂直的方向，反常折射方向与正常折射方向垂直。在一实施例中，如图4所示，光学补偿膜300为单光轴C-补偿膜，单光轴C-补偿膜内可填充碟状液晶302，碟状液晶302的光轴垂直于入光面，碟状液晶302的正常折射方向为光电场方向与碟状液晶302光轴垂直的各个方向，即碟状液晶302的正常折射的光电场方向可为与入光面平行的各个方向，对应的正常折射率为n1 o，在本实施例中，第一折射率为C-补偿膜的正常折射率n1 o。光线经过偏光膜200的偏振处理后变为线偏振光，该线偏振光的电场方向与穿透轴平行，即该线偏振光的电场方向与光学补偿膜300的光轴垂直，因此在光学补偿膜300内只发生正常折射，第一折射率选取光学补偿膜300的正常折射率n1 o，n1 o大于空气折射率n2。
在另一实施例中，光学补偿膜300为单光轴A-补偿膜，单光轴A-补偿膜内可填充向列相液晶，向列相液晶的光轴平行于入光面且平行于偏光膜200的穿透轴，向列相液晶的反常折射方向为光电场方向与向列相液晶光轴平行，即向列相液晶的反常折射的光电场方向与偏光膜200的穿透轴平行，对应的反常折射率为n1 e，在本实施例中，第一折射率为A-补偿膜反常折射率n1 e。光线经过偏光膜200的偏振处理后变为线偏振光，该线偏振光的电场方向与穿透轴平行，即该线偏振光的电场方向与光学补偿膜300的光轴平行，因此在光学补偿膜300内只发生反常折射，第一折射率选取光学补偿膜300的反常折射率n1 e，n1 e大于空气折射率n2。
为了减弱观看画面时显示面板对光的反射作用，需要对偏光结构进行抗反射处理。若是在偏光结构的最顶层覆盖一层抗反射薄膜，由于抗反射薄膜也具有一定的厚度，增加抗反射薄膜不利于产品的薄型化设计。在一实施例中，如图4所示，在光学补偿膜300内可掺杂抗炫功能的树酯颗粒303，在不增加偏光板厚度的情况下可减小显示面板光反射现象，提升用户体验，且有利于产品的薄型化设计。在一实施例中，偏光结构还包括叠设于相位补偿膜100入光面的压敏胶层，偏光结构通过压敏胶层可粘贴在玻璃基板上。
在一实施例中，如图5所示，在光学补偿膜300与偏光膜200之间还设有支撑膜400，支撑膜可为三醋酸纤维素(TAC)支撑膜，也可为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)支撑膜，还可为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)支撑膜。在偏光结构中，通常使用聚乙烯醇作为偏光膜200，而聚乙烯醇具有极强的亲水性，设置支撑膜，能保护偏光膜200的物理特性。在另一实施例中，光学补偿膜300直接贴合于偏光膜200的出光面上，即光学补偿膜300与偏光膜200之间不设置支撑膜，由于在偏光膜200的一侧设有光学补偿膜300，光学补偿膜300既能对光线进行偏转，也可以充当保护层来保护偏光膜200，因此在偏光板中可以省略偏光膜200出光侧的支撑膜，有利于产品的薄型化设计。需要注意的是，光学补偿膜300的最小厚度d(如图2所示)需具有合适的厚度以实现对偏光膜200的保护作用。在一实施例中，偏光结构还包括叠设于相位补偿膜100入光面的压敏胶层500，偏光结构通过压敏胶层可粘贴在玻璃基板上。
本发明还涉及一种偏光结构，结合图1和图4所示，偏光结构包括依次叠设的相位补偿膜100、偏光膜200、光学补偿膜300，其中，相位补偿膜100具有入光面100A和出光面100B。光学补偿膜300叠设于偏光结构的顶层，且与空气接触的一面形成有多个凹槽301，光学补偿膜300具有第一折射率，该第一折射率大于空气折射率，当光穿透光学补偿膜300进入空气时，是从光密质进入光疏质的过程。同时，由于各凹槽301的宽度小于或接近波长，该凹槽301相当于一光栅，光线在该凹槽301处可发生衍射。在显示装置中，由于绝大部分光线是垂直入射至偏光结构中，即绝大部分光线垂直于入光面100A，本方案通过在顶层设置光学补偿膜300并在光学补偿膜300上与空气接触的一面形成凹槽301，该凹槽301形成光栅，且光学补偿膜300的第一折射率大于空气折射率，入射光穿透光学补偿膜300时，会在各凹槽301处发生衍射，改变垂直入射光的传播路径，使光线发生偏转，从而使正视角光型能量分配到大视角，提高侧视角的画质。相邻凹槽301的中心间距小于或等于单个像素的开口宽度，即满足每个像素开口对应有至少一个凹槽301对 该像素光线进行偏转。在光学补偿膜300中还掺杂抗炫功能的树酯颗粒303，在不增加偏光板厚度的情况下可减小显示面板光反射现象，提升用户体验，且有利于产品的薄型化设计。
本申请还公开一种显示装置，如图6所示，包括背光模组2以及置于背光模组2一侧的显示面板1，其中，显示面板1包含上述偏光结构。背光模组2用于提供光源，光源产生入射光，该入射光集中入射至显示面板1，入射光的发散方向与垂直于显示面板的方向呈小角度，该小角度θ可小于30°。显示面板1接收到的大部分光为垂直入射光，由于显示面板1包含偏光结构，偏光结构包括置于顶层的光学补偿膜300，光学补偿膜300具有第一折射率且形成有凹槽301，第一折射率大于空气折射率，且各凹槽301的宽度小于或接近入射光的波长，该凹槽301可形成衍射光栅。当偏光板中包含上述偏光结构时，光线垂直入射至显示面板并穿透偏光结构进入空气中时，是从光密质进入光疏质的过程，且由于各凹槽301的宽度小于或接近波长，各凹槽301相当于光栅，因此在各凹槽301处会发生衍射现象，使垂直入射光向侧视角偏转，将正视角能量分配到侧视角，提高侧视角的画质。其中，偏光结构的具体结构已在上文详细介绍，此处不再赘述。其中，背光模组20中光源包括侧入式光源2A和与侧入式光源2A相对的导光板2B，导光板的上下表面均设有长条V型槽，导光板下表面V型槽61的侧壁与侧入式光源平行，导光板上表面的V型槽62的长度方向与下表面的V型槽61的长度方向相互垂直。
在一实施例中，如图7所示，显示面板为液晶显示面板，其包括上偏光板10、下偏光板30以及夹设于上偏光板10和下偏光板30之间的液晶层20，液晶层20包括玻璃基板和夹设于玻璃基板之间的液晶分子。入射光经过下偏光板后变为线偏振光，液晶层20可扭转线偏振光的偏振方向，使线偏振光从上偏光板中通过，从而在显示面板上显示画面。其中，上偏光板10包含上文介绍的偏光结构。在其他实施例中，显示面板也可以为有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode,OLED)显示面板、量子点发光二极管 (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes，QLED)显示面板或者曲面显示面板，以及包含上述偏光结构的其他显示面板。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种偏光结构，包括：
    相位补偿膜，具有入光面和与所述入光面相对的出光面；
    偏光膜，设于所述相位补偿膜的所述出光面上；
    光学补偿膜，设于所述偏光膜上且位于所述偏光结构的顶层，所述光学补偿膜具有第一折射率，所述第一折射率大于空气折射率，所述光学补偿膜与空气接触的一面形成有多个凹槽，各所述凹槽的宽度小于或接近入射光的波长。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，各所述凹槽的宽度大于或等于300nm，且小于或等于1000nm。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，各所述凹槽为长条形凹槽，且各所述长条形凹槽并排设置。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，各所述凹槽呈二维矩阵阵列排列，且各所述凹槽的长度和宽度均小于或接近入射光的波长。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，相邻凹槽的中心间距小于或等于10μm。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述光学补偿膜为单光轴C-补偿膜，所述第一折射率为所述C-补偿膜的正常折射率。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述光学补偿膜为单光轴A-补偿膜，所述第一折射率为所述A-补偿膜的反常折射率。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述光学补偿膜内掺杂有抗炫功能的树酯颗粒。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，还包括：
    支撑膜，设于所述偏光膜和所述光学补偿膜之间。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的偏光结构，其中，所述支撑膜包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯支撑膜。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的偏光结构，其中，所述支撑膜包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯支撑膜。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的偏光结构，其中，所述支撑膜包括三醋酸纤维素支撑膜。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述偏光膜包括聚乙烯醇膜。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，还包括：
    压敏胶层，设于所述相位补偿膜的入光面上。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述第一折射率大于1.0且小于2.5。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的偏光结构，其中，所述第二折射率与所述空气折射率的差值范围大于0.01且小于1.5。
  17. 一种偏光结构，包括：
    相位补偿膜，具有入光面和与所述入光面相对的出光面；
    偏光膜，设于所述相位补偿膜的所述出光面上；以及
    光学补偿膜，设于所述偏光膜上且位于所述偏光结构的顶层，所述光学补偿膜具有第一折射率，所述第一折射率大于空气折射率，所述光学补偿膜与空气接触的一面形成有多个凹槽，各所述凹槽的宽度小于或接近入射光的波长，所述凹槽的中心间距小于或等于单个像素的开口宽度，所述光学补偿膜内掺杂有抗炫功能的树酯颗粒。
  18. 一种显示装置，包括：
    背光模组，设置为提供光源；以及
    显示面板，置于所述背光模组一侧，设置为显示画面；
    其中，所述显示面板包含偏光结构，所述偏光结构包括：
    相位补偿膜，具有入光面和与所述入光面相对的出光面；
    偏光膜，设于所述相位补偿膜的所述出光面上；以及
    光学补偿膜，设于所述偏光膜上且位于所述偏光结构的顶层，所述光学补偿膜具有第一折射率，所述第一折射率大于空气折射率，所述光学补偿膜与空气接触的一面形成有多个凹槽，各所述凹槽的宽度小于或接近入射光的波长。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示面板为液晶显示面板。
  20. 如权利要求18所述的显示装置，其中，所述背光模组产生的所述入射光的发散方向与垂直至显示面板的方向的夹角小于30°。
PCT/CN2018/119267 2018-09-30 2018-12-05 偏光结构及显示装置 Ceased WO2020062563A1 (zh)

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CN111208596A (zh) * 2020-03-05 2020-05-29 武汉华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 一种偏光片及显示面板
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