WO2020062382A1 - 锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装及热处理方法 - Google Patents

锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装及热处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2020062382A1
WO2020062382A1 PCT/CN2018/112034 CN2018112034W WO2020062382A1 WO 2020062382 A1 WO2020062382 A1 WO 2020062382A1 CN 2018112034 W CN2018112034 W CN 2018112034W WO 2020062382 A1 WO2020062382 A1 WO 2020062382A1
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heat treatment
pin
heaters
heater
boiler
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PCT/CN2018/112034
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张立祥
史小猛
庞继勇
李孟良
赵华
陈瑞
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中国电建集团山东电力建设第一工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2020062382A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020062382A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • the invention relates to welding processing technology, in particular to a special tool and method for post-weld heat treatment of a heated surface pin of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
  • the medium-temperature superheater, high-temperature superheater and high-temperature reheater tubes of the fluidized-bed boiler are SA213-T91, and the pin material is 12Cr18Ni9.
  • the floor combination needs to be heat treated after pin welding.
  • the heater is usually fixed by local support or fixture fixation, which is easy to fall due to gravity and thermal expansion factors, and cannot be closely fitted with the heating surface pins; localized on the ultra-wide heating surface It is difficult to fix the heater by the fixture device in the heat treatment. Problems such as the heat treatment heater falling off and inaccurate temperature measurement are often caused by difficult operations and weak fixing effects.
  • the use of flame heating can not control the temperature rise and fall speed, the heat treatment temperature is not uniform, the constant temperature effect in the external environment is not good, and due to human factors, the heat treatment process does not meet the ASME standard for 91 material welding must be heat treatment process requirements, easy to produce At the same time, cracks and deformation or base material damage due to uneven heat treatment.
  • the present invention provides a special tooling and heat treatment method for post-weld heat treatment of a heated surface pin of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
  • a special tool for post-weld heat treatment of a heated surface pin of a boiler including two tracked heaters, at least one pair of armored thermocouples, and at least two sets of brackets for placing the heaters;
  • thermocouples Each pair of thermocouples is symmetrically arranged up and down at any one of the pin roots on the heating surface.
  • the thermocouples are connected to the pin roots by iron wires, and the iron wires are wound around the two pin roots. Handle the upper and lower sides of the heating surface;
  • the bracket comprises a horizontally arranged bracket and two legs vertically connected to the front and back sides of the bracket, respectively.
  • the legs include a horizontal support base, a connecting rod, two adjusting bolts and a screw connection with the bracket.
  • two adjustment bolts are symmetrically screwed to the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod, and the lower adjustment bolt is connected to the base.
  • the bracket is a frame structure
  • the heater specification is 10KW
  • the insulation cotton is provided on the outside of the heater, and the heater is connected to the heat treatment frequency machine for heating .
  • a heat treatment method for welding a heating surface pin of a boiler using the above-mentioned special tooling includes the following steps:
  • S1 selects two pairs of armored thermocouples, and the two terminals of each pair of armored thermocouples are fixed with iron wires and arranged symmetrically at the root of the pin;
  • S2 lay heaters on the upper and lower sides of the heating surface to cover the heating surface pins, and cover the heater with insulation cotton and place on the support;
  • S3 connects the armored thermocouple to the heat treatment power frequency machine through the temperature measuring wire and the heater through the wires.
  • Enter the heat treatment process parameters on the heat frequency power frequency machine first increase the temperature at a rate of 105-120 ° C / h, and 730-760 ° C Keep the temperature in the range for at least one hour, and then reduce the temperature to 300 ° C at a rate of 130-150 ° C / h, and then turn off the heat treatment power frequency machine.
  • the tooling adopts a modular setting, and multiple groups of devices can be assembled as one to meet the needs of different heat treatment lengths during construction.
  • the tooling is easy to manufacture, solid and reliable, low in cost, and easy to handle.
  • Heat treatment by electric heating is more uniform than flame heating, and the temperature rise and fall temperature and constant temperature are controlled, which is convenient for tracking the heat treatment status. Tracked heaters can perform local heat treatment and can be regionalized to improve work efficiency.
  • the heat treatment power frequency machine controls the heat treatment process parameters, reduces the influence of human factors, and makes the heat treatment process meet the process requirements.
  • the heat treatment method improves the quality and optimizes the quality control measures.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a heat treatment state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • thermocouple 5 is a schematic diagram of installing a thermocouple according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • thermocouple installation position is a schematic cross-sectional view of a thermocouple installation position according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of a mounting point of a thermocouple according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a heater installation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a parameter diagram of a heat treatment process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is the leg, 11 is the base, 12 is the connecting rod, 13 is the adjusting bolt, 14 is the connecting beam, 2 is the bracket, 3 is the insulation cotton, 4 is the heater, 5 is the heating surface, and 6 is the pin , 7 is an armored thermocouple, 8 is an iron wire, and 9 is a fin.
  • the special tool for post-weld heat treatment of the heating surface pin of the boiler in this embodiment includes two crawler heaters 4, two pairs of armored thermocouples 7, and three sets of brackets for placing the heaters 4; in combination with FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, Several pins are welded on the heating surface 5 above and below, and adjacent heating surfaces 5 are connected by fins 9.
  • each pair of the thermocouples 7 is symmetrically arranged up and down at the root of any pin on the heating surface.
  • the thermocouple 7 is connected to the root of the pin through a wire 8 that is wound on the roots of the two pins.
  • the heaters 4 are respectively placed on the upper and lower sides of the heating surface to be processed;
  • the bracket comprises a bracket 2 arranged horizontally and two legs 1 respectively vertically connected to the front and back sides of the bracket 2.
  • the legs 1 include a horizontal support base 11, a connecting rod 12, and two adjusting bolts. 13 and a connecting beam 14 screwed to the bracket 2, the two adjusting bolts 13 are symmetrically screwed to the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod 12, and the lower adjusting bolt 13 is connected to the base 11.
  • the bracket 2 is a frame structure, and the specification of the heater 4 is 10KW.
  • An insulation cotton 3 is provided on the outside of the heater 4, and the heater 4 is connected to a heat treatment power frequency machine for heating.
  • the heat treatment method for welding the heating surface pins of the boiler by using the above special tooling includes the following steps:
  • S1 uses two pairs of armored thermocouples 7, and the two terminals of each pair of armored thermocouples 7 are fixed with iron wires 8 and arranged symmetrically at the root of the pin;
  • S2 lay heaters 4 on both the upper and lower sides of the heating surface to cover the heating surface pins, cover the heater 4 with insulation cotton 3, and place on the support;
  • S3 connects the armored thermocouple 7 to the heat treatment power frequency machine through the temperature measurement line and the heater 4 through the wires.
  • Enter the heat treatment process parameters on the heat frequency power frequency machine first increase the temperature at 110 ° C / h, and maintain the temperature at 750 ° C. 1 ⁇ 2 hours, and then cooled to 300 ° C at a rate of 140 ° C / h, and then the heat treatment power frequency machine was turned off.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the heat treatment process parameters: first increase the temperature at 120 ° C / h, keep it at 760 ° C for 1.5 hours, then reduce the temperature to 150 ° C at 300 ° C, and then close the heat treatment frequency. machine.
  • This embodiment saves nearly 5 hours of working time, and the welding defect rate is only 1.5% in the welding inspection stage. During the unit trial run, the heating surface of the boiler was in good condition and there were no leaks.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the heat treatment process parameters: first increase the temperature at 105 ° C / h, keep it at 730 ° C for 3 hours, and then reduce the temperature to 130 ° C at 130 ° C / h, and then close the heat treatment frequency. machine.

Abstract

一种锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装及热处理方法，该工装包括两个履带式的加热器（4）、至少一对铠装热电偶（7）和用于放置加热器（4）的至少两组支架；每对所述热电偶（7）在受热面任意一个销钉根部呈上下对称布置，所述热电偶通过铁丝（8）与销钉根部连接，所述铁丝（8）缠绕在两个销钉根部上；两个所述加热器（4）分别放置在待处理受热面的上下两侧。热处理方法采用电加热方式，比火焰加热更加均匀、升降温速率和恒温温度处于受控状态，便于跟踪热处理状态。

Description

锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装及热处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及焊接处理技术，具体是一种循环流化床锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装及方法。
背景技术
在火力发电厂建设中，流化床锅炉的中温过热器、高温过热器及高温再热器管子为SA213-T91、销钉材质为12Cr18Ni9，地面组合进行销钉焊接后需进行热处理。锅炉受热面销钉焊接后热处理时，目前常采用局部支撑或夹具固定的方式固定加热器，容易受重力、通电热胀因素下坠，无法与受热面销钉贴合紧密；在超宽受热面上进行局部热处理采用夹具装置固定加热器的操作难度较大。经常因操作困难、固定效果不强造成热处理加热器脱落、温度测量不准等问题。
现有技术中主要是针对热处理前的螺柱焊的研究，然而SA-213T91与12Cr18Ni9销钉焊接时，SA-213T91钢材对线能量比较敏感，淬硬性大，裂纹倾向大。销钉焊接线能量过大会容易发生裂纹，因此销钉焊接完毕后需要进行热处理。目前国内外在销钉焊接热处理工艺研究方面基本属于空白。现有的技术方案：销钉焊接完毕后，使用火焰加热至300℃-400℃半小时后使用保温棉进行缓冷。使用火焰加热其升降温速度无法控制、热处理温度不均匀、处于外部环境中恒温效果不佳，并且受人为因素影响，热处理工艺不满足ASME标准对于91材质焊接必须要进行热处理的工艺要求，易产生裂纹，同时因热处理加热不均产生变形或母材损伤。
技术解决方案
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种循环流化床锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装以及热处理方法，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装，包括两个履带式的加热器、至少一对铠装热电偶和用于放置加热器的至少两组支架；
每对所述热电偶在受热面任意一个销钉根部呈上下对称布置，所述热电偶通过铁丝与销钉根部连接，所述铁丝缠绕在两个销钉根部上；两个所述加热器分别放置在待处理受热面的上下两侧；
所述支架包括水平设置的托架和两个分别竖直连接在托架前后两侧的支腿，所述支腿包括水平的支撑用底座、连杆、两个调整螺栓和与托架螺接的连接梁，两个所述调整螺栓对称螺接在连杆的上下两端，下方的调整螺栓与底座连接。
上述锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装，所述托架为框架结构，所述加热器规格选用10KW，所述加热器的外部设有保温棉，所述加热器与热处理工频机连接以加热。
一种使用上述专用工装对锅炉受热面销钉焊后的热处理方法，包括如下步骤：
S1选用两对铠装热电偶，每对铠装热电偶的两个接线端分别用铁丝固定呈上下对称布置于销钉根部；
S2在受热面的上下面均铺设加热器以包覆住受热面销钉，用保温棉包覆住加热器后放置在支架上；
S3将铠装热电偶通过测温线、加热器通过导线分别连接至热处理工频机，在热处理工频机上输入热处理工艺参数，先以105～120℃/h的速度升温，在730～760℃范围内保温至少一小时，然后以130～150℃/h的速度降温至300℃后，关闭热处理工频机。
有益效果
本工装采用模块化设置，可根据需要将多组装置组装为一体，满足施工中热处理长度不同的情况，本工装易制作、牢固可靠、造价低、便于搬运等优势。
用电加热方式进行热处理，比火焰加热更加均匀、升降温速率和恒温温度处于受控状态，便于跟踪热处理状态。履带式加热器可进行局部热处理，可区域化处理，提升工作效率。热处理工频机控制热处理工艺参数，降低人为因素的影响，使热处理过程满足工艺要求。该热处理方法提升了质量，优化了质量控制措施，一次成优，有利于节约施工成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例支架的立体示意图；
图2为本发明实施例支架的主视示意图；
图3为本发明实施例支架的俯视示意图；
图4为本发明实施例的热处理状态主视示意图；
图5为本发明实施例的热电偶安装示意图；
图6为本发明实施例的热电偶安装位置截面示意图；
图7为本发明实施例的热电偶安装点放大示意图；
图8为本发明实施例的加热器安装示意图图；
图9为本发明实施例的热处理工艺参数图。
图中：1为支腿、11为底座、12为连杆、13为调整螺栓、14为连接梁、2为托架、3为保温棉、4为加热器、5为受热面、6为销钉、7为铠装热电偶、8为铁丝、9为鳍片。
本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进一步解释说明。
本实施例锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装，包括两个履带式的加热器4、两对对铠装热电偶7和用于放置加热器4的三组支架；结合图5和图6，受热面5上下均焊接有数个销钉，相邻受热面5之间通过鳍片9连接。
结合图7，每对所述热电偶7在受热面任意一个销钉根部呈上下对称布置，所述热电偶7通过铁丝8与销钉根部连接，所述铁丝8缠绕在两个销钉根部上；两个所述加热器4分别放置在待处理受热面的上下两侧；
所述支架包括水平设置的托架2和两个分别竖直连接在托架2前后两侧的支腿1，所述支腿1包括水平的支撑用底座11、连杆12、两个调整螺栓13和与托架2螺接的连接梁14，两个所述调整螺栓13对称螺接在连杆12的上下两端，下方的调整螺栓13与底座11连接。
所述托架2为框架结构，所述加热器4规格选用10KW，所述加热器4的外部设有保温棉3，所述加热器4与热处理工频机连接以加热。
实施例一
使用上述专用工装对锅炉受热面销钉焊后的热处理方法，包括如下步骤：
S1选用两对铠装热电偶7，每对铠装热电偶7的两个接线端分别用铁丝8固定呈上下对称布置于销钉根部；
S2在受热面的上下面均铺设加热器4以包覆住受热面销钉，用保温棉3包覆住加热器4后放置在支架上；
S3将铠装热电偶7通过测温线、加热器4通过导线分别连接至热处理工频机，在热处理工频机上输入热处理工艺参数，先以110℃/h的速度升温，在750℃保温1～2小时，然后以140℃/h的速度降温至300℃后，关闭热处理工频机。
实施例二
本实施例与上述实施例一的区别在于热处理工艺参数：先以120℃/h的速度升温，在760℃保温1.5小时，然后以150℃/h的速度降温至300℃后，关闭热处理工频机。本实施例节约了近5个小时的工作时间，在焊接检测阶段焊接缺陷率仅为1.5％。机组试运行期间该锅炉受热面状态良好，没有漏点。
实施例三
本实施例与上述实施例一的区别在于热处理工艺参数：先以105℃/h的速度升温，在730℃保温3小时，然后以130℃/h的速度降温至300℃后，关闭热处理工频机。

Claims (3)

  1. 锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装，其特征在于：包括两个履带式的加热器(4)、至少一对铠装热电偶(7)和用于放置加热器(4)的至少两组支架；
    每对所述热电偶(7)在受热面任意一个销钉根部呈上下对称布置，所述热电偶(7)通过铁丝(8)与销钉根部连接，所述铁丝(8)缠绕在两个销钉根部上；两个所述加热器(4)分别放置在待处理受热面的上下两侧；
    所述支架包括水平设置的托架(2)和两个分别竖直连接在托架(2)前后两侧的支腿(1)，所述支腿(1)包括水平的支撑用底座(11)、连杆(12)、两个调整螺栓(13)和与托架(2)螺接的连接梁(14)，两个所述调整螺栓(13)对称螺接在连杆(12)的上下两端，下方的调整螺栓(13)与底座(11)连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锅炉受热面销钉焊后热处理专用工装，其特征在于：所述托架(2)为框架结构，所述加热器(4)规格选用10KW，所述加热器(4)的外部设有保温棉(3)，所述加热器(4)与热处理工频机连接以加热。
  3. 一种使用权利要求2所述专用工装对锅炉受热面销钉焊后的热处理方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    S1选用两对铠装热电偶(7)，每对铠装热电偶(7)的两个接线端分别用铁丝(8)固定呈上下对称布置于销钉根部；
    S2在受热面的上下面均铺设加热器(4)以包覆住受热面销钉，用保温棉(3)包覆住加热器(4)后放置在支架上；
    S3将铠装热电偶(7)通过测温线、加热器(4)通过导线分别连接至热处理工频机，在热处理工频机上输入热处理工艺参数，先以105～120℃/h的速度升温，在730～760℃范围内保温至少一小时，然后以130～150℃/h的速度降温至300℃后，关闭热处理工频机。
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