WO2020052129A1 - Alliage de magnésium et de terres rares présentant une grande ductilité et une résistance élevée et son procédé de préparation - Google Patents

Alliage de magnésium et de terres rares présentant une grande ductilité et une résistance élevée et son procédé de préparation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020052129A1
WO2020052129A1 PCT/CN2018/120777 CN2018120777W WO2020052129A1 WO 2020052129 A1 WO2020052129 A1 WO 2020052129A1 CN 2018120777 W CN2018120777 W CN 2018120777W WO 2020052129 A1 WO2020052129 A1 WO 2020052129A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
earth aluminum
rare
alloy material
rare earth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/120777
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李远发
樊晓泽
徐涛
尹伟
陈善荣
宋卓能
张亚琴
Original Assignee
嘉丰工业科技（惠州）有限公司
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Publication of WO2020052129A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020052129A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of metal alloys, and particularly relates to a rare-earth aluminum alloy material with high ductility and high strength and a preparation method thereof.
  • Aluminum alloy is a kind of non-ferrous metal structural material, which has the advantages of low density, high strength, good plasticity, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance. It is widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, 3C products, ships, and chemical industries. With the development trend of light weight, the demand for aluminum alloy materials is increasing; in the field of automobile manufacturing, the use of aluminum alloy materials for the entire body and accessories is the development direction of lightweight vehicles, so the mechanical properties and casting of aluminum alloy materials Higher performance requirements.
  • High-toughness aluminum alloy materials are mainly two types of deformed aluminum alloy and cast aluminum alloy.
  • Deformed aluminum alloys reduce casting defects by means of pressure processing. At the same time, during the deformation process, the grains are refined by shear strain and recrystallization, which improves the density of the material, and has the advantages of high strength and good toughness.
  • the deformed aluminum alloy has high requirements on equipment and tooling molds, complicated preparation processes, and has the disadvantages of long production cycles and high production costs.
  • cast aluminum alloys have the advantages of short procedures and high production efficiency, especially in the production of complex castings.
  • cast aluminum alloys have strict requirements on alloy composition control and alloy properties, such as: cast aluminum
  • the alloy needs to have good flow properties and solidification shrinkage, otherwise the cast product is difficult to form or has defects that are difficult to eliminate.
  • A356 aluminum alloy is a widely used type of cast aluminum alloy. Its disadvantages are: general tensile strength and elongation performance, and limited application scope.
  • the present invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art.
  • it provides a rare-earth aluminum alloy material with high ductility and high strength.
  • the rare-earth element is introduced into the aluminum alloy to improve the fluidity of the aluminum alloy and reduce shrinkage and shrinkage Initiation of holes and cracks;
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a rare-earth aluminum alloy material with high ductility and high strength, and adopts an indirect extrusion casting process to realize industrial production.
  • the present invention achieves the objective through the following technical solution: a rare-earth aluminum alloy material with high ductility, calculated in terms of mass percentage, including the following components: 2.0-3.5% Si, 3.5% -5.0% Cu, 0.5% -0.9% Mn, 0.1% to 0.5% Re, 0.1% to 0.2% Ti, 0.005% to 0.05% Sr, and 80% to 92% Al, the Re is a mixed rare earth containing Ce and La.
  • the mass percentage of Ce is 50% to 60%.
  • the mass ratio of the Ce to the La is 14:11.
  • the method for preparing a rare earth aluminum alloy material disclosed in the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
  • melt A The prepared Al material, Cu material and Mn material are heated and melted to obtain melt A;
  • the melt A is heated to 750 ° C, and then the Si material and the Re material are added, and the mixture is allowed to stand still to obtain the melt B;
  • the sample After cutting and extruding the sample, the sample is heat-treated to obtain a rare earth aluminum alloy material.
  • the Cu material is a Cu ingot or an Al-10Cu intermediate alloy
  • the Mn material is an Al-10Mn intermediate alloy
  • the Si material is an Al-10Si intermediate alloy
  • the Re material is Al-20CeLa intermediate alloy
  • the Sr material is an Al-20Sr intermediate alloy
  • the Ti material is an Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy.
  • a graphite rotor gas generator is used for refining and degassing the melt, and the refining agent is argon or nitrogen.
  • step S7 indirect extrusion is used for casting and molding, and the casting temperature is 710-730 ° C.
  • the heat treatment process includes the following steps:
  • step S8.3 The sample of step S8.2 will be air-cooled for 24 hours.
  • the invention discloses a rare-earth aluminum alloy material with high ductility and high strength.
  • the rare-earth elements Ti, Sr, Ce and La are introduced into Al-Cu, which effectively improves the casting performance of the aluminum alloy and reduces the solidification of the alloy.
  • Interval and dendrite spacing, with high strength and plasticity, tensile strength of more than 380MPa, elongation of up to 8%, can be used in automotive manufacturing, intelligent equipment, aerospace and other fields;
  • the aluminum alloy material of the present invention has relatively wide composition requirements. It does not require high-purity Al ingots and the addition of expensive Zr, V, Y and other alloys. The production cost is low, and it has high industrial value. There is huge development potential in intelligent robots, aerospace and other fields;
  • the aluminum alloy material of the present invention is formed by an indirect extrusion casting process, and the defective rate is controlled within 10%.
  • the forming efficiency is better than gravity casting and is close to high pressure casting, which solves the problem of low production efficiency of high-strength Al-Cu alloys. , With the advantages of high production efficiency and industrialized production;
  • the comparative example is a commercially available A356 aluminum alloy, which belongs to a cast aluminum alloy.
  • the tensile strength of the A356 aluminum alloy is 295 MPa, the elongation is 3%, and the hardness is 80 HBW.
  • A356 aluminum alloy is mainly used in the manufacture of various housings, aircraft pump parts, aircraft joints, automotive transmissions, high heat resistance branch stress parts, machine tool parts and other fields.
  • the A356 aluminum alloy of the comparative example is calculated in terms of mass percentage and includes the following components: 7.44% Si, 0.33% Mg, the balance is Al and inevitable impurities, and the mass percentage of the impurity element Fe is 0.16%.
  • This embodiment discloses a rare-earth aluminum alloy material with high ductility and high strength and a preparation method thereof.
  • the rare-earth aluminum alloy material introduces Ti, Sr, Ce, and La rare earth elements into Al-Cu, which effectively improves the aluminum alloy.
  • the casting performance of the alloy reduces the solidification interval and the dendrite spacing of the alloy, and has high strength and plasticity.
  • the rare-earth aluminum alloy material does not require high-purity Al ingots and the addition of expensive Zr, V, Y and other alloys, and does not require high control of the proportion of certain components, has low production costs, and has high industrial value.
  • the rare earth aluminum alloy material of this embodiment is calculated in terms of mass percentage and includes the following components: 2.4% Si, 4.6% Cu, 0.70% Mn, 0.30% Re, 0.20% Ti, 0.01% Sr, and 91.63% Al, the balance is impurities; in the Re, the mass ratio of Ce to La is 14:11.
  • the indirect extrusion casting process is used to prepare the rare earth aluminum alloy material.
  • the raw materials are: Al ingot, Cu ingot, Al-10Mn master alloy, Al-10Si master alloy, Al-20CeLa master alloy, Al-20Sr master alloy, and Al-5Ti.
  • -B intermediate alloy the above raw materials are all commercially available, and the purity is not specifically limited.
  • the indirect extrusion casting process is used to prepare the rare earth aluminum alloy material, and the equipment involved is a graphite crucible, a graphite rotor degasser, an extrusion casting machine, and a resistance furnace with air circulation.
  • the preparation process of the rare earth aluminum alloy material specifically includes the following steps:
  • the prepared Al ingot, Cu ingot, and Al-10Mn intermediate alloy are placed in a graphite crucible for heating and melting to obtain melt A;
  • the graphite crucible is heated to raise the melt A to 750 ° C, and then the Al-10Si intermediate alloy and the Al-20CeLa intermediate alloy are added to the melt A, and the mixture is stirred for 15 minutes.
  • the graphite rotor degasser is used to degas the melt B and pass the refining agent Ar;
  • the sample is cut into a size suitable for the furnace of the resistance furnace, and then the sample is heat-treated to obtain a rare-earth aluminum alloy material with high ductility and high strength.
  • step S6 indirect extrusion is used for casting and molding, the casting temperature is 710 ° C to 720 ° C, the boost pressure is 43 MPa, and the dwell time is 5 s.
  • the indirect extrusion casting molding process of this embodiment can control the rate of defective products within 10%, the forming efficiency is better than gravity casting, and is close to high pressure casting.
  • step S7 the heat treatment process is as follows: first, the rare-earth aluminum alloy sample is solid-dissolved at 520 ° C for 9 hours; then the solid-dissolved sample is water-quenched, and then aged at 180 ° C for 8 hours; finally, air-cooled for 24 hours the above. Among them, the quenching transfer time is ⁇ 10s.
  • the rare earth aluminum alloy material obtained by the above preparation method has both high strength and good mechanical properties. As described in Table 1, the tensile strength is 382 MPa, the elongation is 8%, and the hardness is 93 HBW. It has high strength and plasticity. Good advantages can be applied in the fields of automobile manufacturing, intelligent equipment, aerospace and so on.
  • This embodiment provides a rare earth aluminum alloy material, which is calculated in terms of mass percentage and includes the following components: including the following components: 3.1% Si, 4.1% Cu, 0.6% Mn, 0.15% Re, 0.13% Ti, 0.04% of Sr and 91.68% of Al, and the balance is impurities; wherein, in the Re, the mass ratio of Ce to La is 1: 1.
  • the preparation raw materials, equipment and preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy material are the same as those of the first embodiment, but the added amount of each raw material is prepared according to the formula of this embodiment.
  • the tensile strength of this rare earth aluminum alloy material is 354 MPa
  • the elongation is 11%
  • the hardness is 89 HBW, which has the advantages of high strength and good plasticity.
  • This embodiment provides a rare earth aluminum alloy material, which is calculated in terms of mass percentage and includes the following components: including the following components: 3.5% Si, 4.8% Cu, 0.9% Mn, 0.4% Re, 0.15% Ti, 0.02% of Sr and 90.03% of Al, the balance is impurities; in the Re, the mass ratio of Ce to La is 7: 5.
  • the preparation raw materials, equipment and preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy material are the same as those of the first embodiment, but the added amount of each raw material is prepared according to the formula of this embodiment.
  • Table 1 the tensile strength of the rare earth aluminum alloy material is 375 MPa, the elongation is 9%, and the hardness is 91 HBW, which has the advantages of high strength and good plasticity.
  • This embodiment provides a rare earth aluminum alloy material, which is calculated in terms of mass percentage and includes the following components: including the following components: 3.5% Si, 5.0% Cu, 0.7% Mn, 0.5% Re, 0.17% Ti, 0.05% Sr and 89.88% Al, the balance is impurities; in the Re, the mass ratio of Ce to La is 3: 2.
  • the preparation raw materials, equipment and preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy material are the same as those of the first embodiment, but the added amount of each raw material is prepared according to the formula of this embodiment.
  • Table 1 the tensile strength of the rare earth aluminum alloy material is 367 MPa, the elongation is 8.5%, and the hardness is 89 HBW, which is not much different from the performance of the rare earth aluminum alloy material described in Example 3.
  • Table 1 shows the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy materials in the comparative examples and the four examples.
  • the rare earth aluminum alloy material of the present invention has a clear competitive advantage compared to A356 aluminum alloy.
  • the comparative examples of the A356 aluminum alloy and the four examples have similar yields in squeeze casting, but compared with the A356 aluminum alloy, The mechanical properties of the rare earth aluminum alloy material of the present invention are more superior.
  • the tensile strength of the rare earth aluminum alloy material of Example 1 is 1.3 times that of A356 aluminum alloy, and the elongation is 2.7 times that of A356 aluminum alloy; the tensile strength of the rare earth aluminum alloy material of Example 2 is 1.2 times that of A356 aluminum alloy, The elongation is 3.7 times that of the A356 aluminum alloy; the mechanical properties of the rare earth aluminum alloy materials in Examples 3 and 4 are not much different, and the tensile strength and elongation are superior to the A356 aluminum alloy. Therefore, the rare earth aluminum alloy material of the present invention has excellent ductility and high strength, and has great development potential in the fields of automobile lightweight, intelligent robot, aerospace and the like.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne, d'une part, un matériau d'un alliage d'aluminium et de terres rares qui présente une ductilité élevée et une résistance élevée, qui est calculé selon un pourcentage en masse, et qui comprend les constituants suivants : 2,0 à 3,5 % de Si, 3,5 % à 5,0 % de Cu, 0,5 % à 0,9 % de Mn, 0,1 % à 0,5 % de Re, 0,1 % à 0,2 % de Ti, 0,005 % à 0,05 % de Sr et 80 % à 92 % d'Al, Re étant une terre rare mixte contenant Ce et La. Dans la présente invention, un élément du groupe des terres rares est introduit dans un alliage d'aluminium pour améliorer la fluidité de l'alliage d'aluminium et pour réduire le retrait, les cavités de contraction et la production de fissures. D'autre part, la présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un matériau d'alliage d'aluminium et de terres rares qui présente une ductilité élevée et une résistance élevée, qui utilise un procédé de coulée par extrusion indirecte pour obtenir une production à l'échelle industrielle, et qui présente un grand potentiel de développement dans les domaines de l'allègement des automobiles, des robots intelligents, de l'aérospatiale, etc.
PCT/CN2018/120777 2018-09-10 2018-12-13 Alliage de magnésium et de terres rares présentant une grande ductilité et une résistance élevée et son procédé de préparation WO2020052129A1 (fr)

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CN201811052831.8 2018-09-10
CN201811052831.8A CN110885943A (zh) 2018-09-10 2018-09-10 一种高延展性高强度的稀土铝合金材料及其制备方法

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CN114411022A (zh) * 2022-01-26 2022-04-29 邢书明 一种液态模锻铝合金sy03及其制备方法

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US20060133949A1 (en) * 2003-07-10 2006-06-22 Gerard Laslaz Moulded AL-SI-CU aluminium alloy component with high hot-process resistance
CN101532861A (zh) * 2009-04-17 2009-09-16 周岳建 一种高强度铸造铝合金制造水表表壳的方法及其制品
CN102071341A (zh) * 2010-12-03 2011-05-25 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 发动机缸盖用铸造铝硅合金及热处理工艺
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