WO2020048450A1 - 一种换向器以及换向器的生产方法 - Google Patents

一种换向器以及换向器的生产方法 Download PDF

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WO2020048450A1
WO2020048450A1 PCT/CN2019/104193 CN2019104193W WO2020048450A1 WO 2020048450 A1 WO2020048450 A1 WO 2020048450A1 CN 2019104193 W CN2019104193 W CN 2019104193W WO 2020048450 A1 WO2020048450 A1 WO 2020048450A1
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metal
layer
carbon
copper
commutator
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PCT/CN2019/104193
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄旭环
李哲
陈展
杨林飞
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浙江长城换向器有限公司
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Publication of WO2020048450A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020048450A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/04Commutators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/04Commutators
    • H01R39/045Commutators the commutators being made of carbon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/06Manufacture of commutators

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  • the invention relates to a commutator and a manufacturing method of the commutator, and more particularly, it relates to a commutator and a method for producing the commutator.
  • the commutator includes a welded shell and a carbon sheet. Because the shell is usually made of copper, and the carbon sheet is directly welded to copper, it is not strong. This is because the carbon and copper elements are not close. In the technology, copper plating is first performed on the carbon sheet by chemical methods, so that the carbon sheet is covered with a copper layer, and then the copper layer and the shell are fixed by welding.
  • this chemical copper plating method always produces industrial wastewater, such as heavy metals, copper sulfate, and the like.
  • the structure of the carbon in the carbon sheet after the copper plating by chemical method is unstable, and the carbon sheet is easy to wear and the service life is not high during later use.
  • the present invention is to provide a commutator and a method for producing the commutator.
  • Physically performing electroplating reduces pollution to the environment, improves stability of the carbon structure, and carbon flakes. Not easy to wear and high life.
  • a commutator including a shell mainly made of copper, the shell is welded with a carbon sheet, and the carbon sheet includes a carbon body and a device.
  • a first metal layer on the carbon body and close to carbon, the first metal layer and the carbon body are formed with a first metal alloy layer, the first metal layer is fixed to the shell and is close to copper,
  • a second metal alloy layer is formed between the first metal layer and the casing.
  • the invention further provides that the first metal layer is a metal nickel layer.
  • nickel is an iron-philic element, which is not only hard but also ductile, and it can be highly polished and resistant to corrosion.
  • the structure of the carbon-nickel alloy is relatively stable.
  • the invention further provides that the first metal layer is a metal titanium layer.
  • titanium is a transition metal. Titanium has high strength, low density, high hardness, high melting point, and strong corrosion resistance. Carbon-titanium alloys possess the high strength and toughness of titanium alloys without losing the lightweight characteristics of carbon fibers.
  • the invention further provides that the first metal layer is a metal silver layer.
  • silver is a kind of transition metal, the physical and chemical properties of silver are relatively stable, the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are very good, the quality is soft, and the ductility is rich.
  • the structure of silver-carbon alloy is relatively stable.
  • the invention further provides that a second copper layer is further provided between the second metal alloy layer and the casing.
  • the commutator includes a shell mainly made of copper and a carbon body.
  • the commutator is electroplated by a vacuum coating method, and has the following operation steps:
  • a first metal element close to the carbon element is hit on the carbon body by an electron gun, and a first metal alloy layer is formed on the carbon body.
  • the first metal element includes one or more single element combinations.
  • the first metal alloy layer is further covered with a first metal layer;
  • a second metal element close to copper is hit on the first metal layer by an electron gun, and a second metal alloy layer is formed on the first metal layer;
  • the second metal alloy layer and the shell are welded and fixed.
  • the invention further provides that the second metal element is copper, and when the copper and the first metal element form a second metal alloy layer, electroplating is continued to form a second copper layer on the second metal alloy layer.
  • the second copper layer is directly welded to the shell, and copper is welded to the copper, which is stronger.
  • the present invention is further configured to: punch out a first metal element on one side of the carbon body by an electron gun; and then punch a second metal element on the other side of the carbon body, at which time the first metal element and the second metal element are simultaneously shot; finally Play only the second metal element.
  • This vacuum coating method uses the magnetron sputtering method to The metal element and the second metal element are controlled in the direction to improve production efficiency.
  • the present invention mainly uses physical means to drive electrons into the carbon body, thereby achieving physical plating.
  • the present invention not only reduces pollution, but also reduces damage to the carbon structure and improves Increases the life of the carbon body.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of a layer structure of the present invention.
  • a commutator includes a shell 1 mainly made of copper, and a carbon sheet 2 is welded to the shell 1.
  • the carbon sheet 2 includes a carbon body 3 and is disposed on the carbon body 3.
  • the first metal layer 4 that is close to carbon, the first metal layer 4 and the carbon body 3 are formed with a first metal alloy layer 5.
  • the first metal layer 4 is fixed to the casing 1 and is close to copper.
  • a second copper layer 7 is further provided between the second metal alloy layer 6 and the case 1. When the second copper layer 7 is fixed to the case 1 by welding, it is more stable after welding and fixing.
  • the first metal layer 4 and the second copper layer 7 are formed with a second metal alloy layer 6.
  • the first metal layer 4 is a metal nickel layer
  • the first metal alloy layer 5 is an alloy of nickel and carbon
  • the second metal alloy layer 6 is an alloy of nickel and copper.
  • Nickel is a ferrophilic element. It is not only hard but also ductile. It is highly polished and resistant to corrosion. The structure of the carbon-nickel alloy is relatively stable.
  • the commutator includes a shell 1 and a carbon body 3, which are mainly made of copper.
  • the commutator is electroplated by means of vacuum coating, and has the following operation steps:
  • a first metal element close to the carbon element is hit on the carbon body 3 by an electron gun.
  • a first metal alloy layer 5 is formed on the carbon body 3, and the first metal element includes one or more single element combinations. As a result, the first metal alloy layer 5 is further covered with a first metal layer 4;
  • a second metal element close to copper is hit on the first metal layer 4 by an electron gun, and a second metal alloy layer 6 is formed on the first metal layer 4;
  • the second metal alloy layer 6 and the casing 1 are welded and fixed.
  • the first metal element and the carbon body 3 will form a first metal alloy layer 5 and a first metal layer 4 on the first metal alloy layer 5, Then, the second metal element is driven in.
  • the second metal element and the first metal layer 4 form a second metal alloy layer 6 and a second metal layer on the second metal alloy layer 6.
  • the last welding part is the second metal layer and the shell.
  • the body 1 is welded, and this physical plating method is applied to the carbon body 3 plating. Compared with the traditional chemical plating, the commutator after the fixing is more stable, the carbon body 3 is less prone to wear, and the service life is enhanced.
  • the first metal element is nickel and the second metal element is copper.
  • electroplating is continued to form a second copper layer 7 on the second metal alloy layer 6.
  • the second metal layer is a second copper layer 7. If copper is used directly, the second copper layer 7 is directly welded to the casing 1, and copper is welded to the copper, which is stronger.
  • the first metal element is shot on one side of the carbon body 3 by an electron gun. After a period of time, the second metal element is shot on the other side of the carbon body 3. At this time, the first metal element and the second metal element are shot at the same time. Finally, only the second metal element is played. It is only necessary to fix the carbon body 3 at a specific position, and then perform the above-mentioned method, in which the first metal element and the second metal element are introduced.
  • This vacuum coating method uses the magnetron sputtering method to the first metal element and the second metal element. Metal elements are controlled in direction to improve production efficiency.
  • the second metal element is titanium
  • the first metal layer 4 is a metal titanium layer
  • the first metal alloy layer 5 is an alloy of titanium and carbon
  • the second metal alloy layer 6 is titanium and Copper alloy.
  • Titanium is a transition metal. Titanium has high strength, low density, high hardness, high melting point, and strong corrosion resistance. Carbon-titanium alloys possess the high strength and toughness of titanium alloys without losing the lightweight characteristics of carbon fibers.
  • the second metal element is silver
  • the first metal layer 4 is a silver metal layer
  • the first metal alloy layer 5 is an alloy of silver and carbon
  • the second metal alloy layer 6 is silver and Copper alloy.
  • Silver is a kind of transition metal. The physical and chemical properties of silver are relatively stable, the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are very good, the quality is soft, and the ductility is rich.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

一种换向器及其换向器的生产方法,涉及换向器和换向器的制备方式,所述换向器包括有主要是铜制成的壳体(1),壳体(1)上焊接有碳片(2),碳片(2)包括有碳本体(3)以及设置在碳本体(3)上并与碳亲近的第一金属层(4),第一金属层(4)和所述碳本体(3)形成有第一金属合金层(5),第一金属层(4)与所述壳体(1)固定且与铜亲近,第一金属层(4)与所述壳体(1)之间形成有第二金属合金层(6)。所述换向器的生产方法,换向器包括有主要是铜制成的壳体(1)以及碳本体(3),采用真空镀膜的方式进行电镀。通过这种物理的方式进行电镀,减少了对环境的污染,提高了碳结构的稳定性,碳片不易磨损,使用寿命高。

Description

一种换向器以及换向器的生产方法 技术领域
本发明涉及换向器和换向器的制备方式,更具体地说,它涉及一种换向器及其换向器的生产方法。
背景技术
众所周知,换向器包括有焊接固定的壳体和碳片,由于壳体通常采用铜来制成,而碳片直接与铜焊接的话不牢固,这是因为碳元素和铜元素不亲近,现有技术中,均是采用化学方式先在碳片上进行镀铜,使得碳片上覆盖有铜层,再将铜层与壳体焊接固定。
但是这种化学镀铜的方式总会产生工业污水,比如重金属,硫酸铜等。同时采用化学方式镀铜后的碳片中的碳的结构会不稳定,在后期使用时,碳片容易磨损,使用寿命不高。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明在于提供一种换向器及其换向器的生产方法,通过物理的方式进行电镀,减少了对环境的污染,提高了碳结构的稳定性,碳片不易磨损,使用寿命高。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种换向器,包括有主要是铜制成的壳体,所述壳体上焊接有碳片,所述碳片包括有碳本体以及设置在碳本体上并与碳亲近的第一金属层,所述第一金属层和所述碳本体形成有第一金属合金层,所述第一金属层与所述壳体固定且与铜亲近,所述第一金属层与所述壳体之间形成有第二金属合金层。
通过采用上述技术方案,通过物理的方式电镀,相比较化学方式电镀,在 降低了对环境的污染以外,提高了碳结构的稳定性,碳片不易磨损,提高了使用寿命。化学方式电镀后的碳片,在显微镜下可以看到有明显的分割线,这种分割线就是碳、铜以及位于碳和铜之间的,起到衔接碳和铜的作用,这种明显的分割线大致呈直线状,比较容易断层,导致整个碳片焊接在壳体上后不稳定,而通过物理方式的电镀后,会生成有无明显分割线的第一金属合金层和第二金属合金层,第一金属合金层和第二金属合金层的存在使得整个碳片在固定在壳体上后更加稳定。
本发明进一步设置为:所述第一金属层为金属镍层。
通过采用上述技术方案,镍属于亲铁元素,不仅硬而且有延展性,它能够高度磨光和抗腐蚀。碳镍合金的结构比较稳定。
本发明进一步设置为:所述第一金属层为金属钛层。
通过采用上述技术方案,钛是一种过渡金属,钛的强度大,密度小,硬度大,熔点高,抗腐蚀性很强。碳钛合金拥有钛合金的高强度和韧性,亦不失碳纤维轻巧的特质。
本发明进一步设置为:所述第一金属层为金属银层。
通过采用上述技术方案,银为过渡金属的一种,银的理化性质均较为稳定,导热、导电性能很好,质软,富延展性。银碳合金的结构比较稳定。
本发明进一步设置为:所述第二金属合金层与所述壳体之间还设置有第二铜层。
通过采用上述技术方案,第二铜层与壳体焊接固定时,由于都是铜,在焊接固定后更加稳定。
一种换向器的生产方法,换向器包括有主要是铜制成的壳体以及碳本体,采用真空镀膜的方式进行电镀,具有以下操作步骤:
S1、通过电子枪将与碳元素亲近的第一金属元素打在碳本体上,碳本体上形成有第一金属合金层,所述第一金属元素包括有一种或者多种的单一元素组合而成,第一金属合金层上再覆盖有第一金属层;
S2、通过电子枪将与铜亲近的第二金属元素打在第一金属层上,第一金属层上形成有第二金属合金层;
S3、将第二金属合金层与壳体焊接固定。
通过采用上述技术方案,通过物理方式电镀,先在碳本体上打入第一金属元素,第一金属元素会和碳本体形成第一金属合金层以及位于第一金属合金层上的第一金属层,再打入第二金属元素,第二金属元素和第一金属层形成第二金属合金层以及位于第二金属合金层上的第二金属层,最后焊接部位就是第二金属层和壳体焊接,将这种物理电镀的方式运用在碳本体电镀上,相比较传统的化学电镀,固定后的换向器更加稳定,碳本体不易发生磨损,增强使用寿命。
本发明进一步设置为:所述第二金属元素为铜,当铜与第一金属元素形成第二金属合金层后继续电镀,从而在第二金属合金层上形成第二铜层。
通过采用上述技术方案,直接用铜的话,第二铜层直接与壳体焊接,铜与铜焊接,更加牢固。
本发明进一步设置为:通过电子枪在碳本体的一侧打出第一金属元素;再在碳本体的另一侧打出第二金属元素,此时的第一金属元素和第二金属元素同时打出;最后只打出第二金属元素。
通过采用上述技术方案,只需要将碳本体固定在特定位置处,然后通过上述方式进行,入第一金属元素和第二金属元素,这种真空镀膜的方式,利用磁控溅射法对第一金属元素和第二金属元素进行方向上的控制,提高生产效率。
综上所述,本发明主要采用物理的方式将电子打入至碳本体上,从而实现物理电镀,相比较传统的化学电镀,本发明不仅减少了污染,同时还减少对碳结构的损坏,提高了碳本体的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是本发明的层结构的局部示意图。
附图标记:1、壳体;2、碳片;3、碳本体;4、第一金属层;5、第一金属 合金层;6、第二金属合金层;7、第二铜层。
具体实施方式
参照附图对本发明做进一步说明。
实施一:
如图1所示,一种换向器,包括有主要是铜制成的壳体1,壳体1上焊接有碳片2,碳片2包括有碳本体3以及设置在碳本体3上并与碳亲近的第一金属层4,第一金属层4和碳本体3形成有第一金属合金层5,第一金属层4与壳体1固定且与铜亲近。第二金属合金层6与壳体1之间还设置有第二铜层7,第二铜层7与壳体1焊接固定时,由于都是铜,在焊接固定后更加稳定。第一金属层4与第二铜层7形成有第二金属合金层6。通过物理的方式电镀,相比较化学方式电镀,在降低了对环境的污染以外,提高了碳结构的稳定性,碳片2不易磨损,提高了使用寿命。化学方式电镀后的碳片2,在显微镜下可以看到有明显的分割线,这种分割线就是碳、铜以及位于碳和铜之间的,起到衔接碳和铜的作用,这种明显的分割线大致呈直线状,比较容易断层,导致整个碳片2焊接在壳体1上后不稳定,而通过物理方式的电镀后,会生成有无明显分割线的第一金属合金层5和第二金属合金层6,第一金属合金层5和第二金属合金层6的存在使得整个碳片2在固定在壳体1上后更加稳定。
第一金属层4为金属镍层,第一金属合金层5为镍和碳的合金,第二金属合金层6为镍和铜的合金。镍属于亲铁元素,不仅硬而且有延展性,它能够高度磨光和抗腐蚀。碳镍合金的结构比较稳定。
一种换向器的生产方法,换向器包括有主要是铜制成的壳体1以及碳本体3,采用真空镀膜的方式进行电镀,具有以下操作步骤:
S1、通过电子枪将与碳元素亲近的第一金属元素打在碳本体3上,碳本体3上形成有第一金属合金层5,所述第一金属元素包括有一种或者多种的单一元素组合而成,第一金属合金层5上再覆盖有第一金属层4;
S2、通过电子枪将与铜亲近的第二金属元素打在第一金属层4上,第一金属层4上形成有第二金属合金层6;
S3、将第二金属合金层6与壳体1焊接固定。
通过物理方式电镀,先在碳本体3上打入第一金属元素,第一金属元素会和碳本体3形成第一金属合金层5以及位于第一金属合金层5上的第一金属层4,再打入第二金属元素,第二金属元素和第一金属层4形成第二金属合金层6以及位于第二金属合金层6上的第二金属层,最后焊接部位就是第二金属层和壳体1焊接,将这种物理电镀的方式运用在碳本体3电镀上,相比较传统的化学电镀,固定后的换向器更加稳定,碳本体3不易发生磨损,增强使用寿命。
第一金属元素为镍,第二金属元素为铜,当铜与第一金属元素形成第二金属合金层6后继续电镀,从而在第二金属合金层6上形成第二铜层7。第二金属层为第二铜层7。直接用铜的话,第二铜层7直接与壳体1焊接,铜与铜焊接,更加牢固。
通过电子枪在碳本体3的一侧打出第一金属元素,经过一段时间后,再在碳本体3的另一侧打出第二金属元素,此时的第一金属元素和第二金属元素同时打出,最后只打出第二金属元素。只需要将碳本体3固定在特定位置处,然后通过上述方式进行,入第一金属元素和第二金属元素,这种真空镀膜的方式,利用磁控溅射法对第一金属元素和第二金属元素进行方向上的控制,提高生产效率。
实施例二:
与所述实施例一所不同的是,第二金属元素为钛,第一金属层4为金属钛层,第一金属合金层5为钛和碳的合金,第二金属合金层6为钛和铜的合金。钛是一种过渡金属,钛的强度大,密度小,硬度大,熔点高,抗腐蚀性很强。碳钛合金拥有钛合金的高强度和韧性,亦不失碳纤维轻巧的特质。
实施例三:
与所述实施例一所不同的是,第二金属元素为银,第一金属层4为金属银层,第一金属合金层5为银和碳的合金,第二金属合金层6为银和铜的合金。银为过渡金属的一种,银的理化性质均较为稳定,导热、导电性能很好,质软,富延展性。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的设计构思之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种换向器,包括有主要是铜制成的壳体(1),其特征是:所述壳体(1)上焊接有碳片(2),所述碳片(2)包括有碳本体(3)以及设置在碳本体(3)上并与碳亲近的第一金属层(4),所述第一金属层(4)和所述碳本体(3)形成有第一金属合金层(5),所述第一金属层(4)与所述壳体(1)固定且与铜亲近,所述第一金属层(4)与所述壳体(1)之间形成有第二金属合金层(6)。。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换向器,其特征是:所述第一金属层(4)为金属镍层。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的换向器,其特征是:所述第一金属层(4)为金属钛层。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的换向器,其特征是:所述第一金属层(4)为金属银层。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的换向器,其特征是:所述第二金属合金层(6)与所述壳体(1)之间还设置有第二铜层(7)。
  6. 一种换向器的生产方法,换向器包括有主要是铜制成的壳体(1)以及碳本体(3),其特征是:采用真空镀膜的方式进行电镀,具有以下操作步骤:
    S1、通过电子枪将与碳元素亲近的第一金属元素打在碳本体(3)上,碳本体(3)上形成有第一金属合金层(5),所述第一金属元素包括有一种或者多种的单一元素组合而成,第一金属合金层(5)上再覆盖有第一金属层(4);
    S2、通过电子枪将与铜亲近的第二金属元素打在第一金属层(4)上,第一金属层(4)上形成有第二金属合金层(6);
    S3、将第二金属合金层(6)与壳体(1)焊接固定。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的换向器的生产方法,其特征是:所述第二金属元素为铜,当铜与第一金属元素形成第二金属合金层(6)后继续电镀,从而在第二金属合金层(6)上形成第二铜层(7)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的换向器的生产方法,其特征是:通过电子枪在碳本体(3)的一侧打出第一金属元素;再在碳本体(3)的另一侧打出第二金属元素, 此时的第一金属元素和第二金属元素同时打出;最后只打出第二金属元素。
PCT/CN2019/104193 2018-09-05 2019-09-03 一种换向器以及换向器的生产方法 WO2020048450A1 (zh)

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