WO2020047852A1 - 地面变轨装置及变轨距系统 - Google Patents

地面变轨装置及变轨距系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020047852A1
WO2020047852A1 PCT/CN2018/104644 CN2018104644W WO2020047852A1 WO 2020047852 A1 WO2020047852 A1 WO 2020047852A1 CN 2018104644 W CN2018104644 W CN 2018104644W WO 2020047852 A1 WO2020047852 A1 WO 2020047852A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
track
guide
ground
support
rail
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/104644
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张晓军
郑建科
张丽君
许红江
孙秀宇
赵锋
马永江
宋学毅
郑广生
郝涛广
王伟
Original Assignee
中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Priority to US17/273,694 priority Critical patent/US20210395952A1/en
Priority to EP18932362.9A priority patent/EP3848268A4/en
Publication of WO2020047852A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020047852A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B26/00—Tracks or track components not covered by any one of the preceding groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F7/00—Rail vehicles equipped for use on tracks of different width
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K13/00—Other auxiliaries or accessories for railways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application provide a ground track changing device and a track gauge system, which can reduce energy consumption and reduce the vibration amplitude of a bogie.
  • An embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a ground track changing device for driving a rail vehicle to switch between a first track and a second track.
  • the gauge of the first track is the first gauge, and the The gauge is a second gauge, and the first gauge is different from the second gauge;
  • the orbital ground device includes:
  • a support rail provided on the ground for unloading a vertical load of a bogie in the rail vehicle
  • a guide rail is provided on the ground and is used to drive the bogie to perform a track changing operation
  • the transition plate is disposed on the ground between the first track and the second track; the difference between the top surface height of the transition plate and the top surface height of the first track is equal to the rim top circle of the rail vehicle wheel and the wheel The distance between the treads.
  • An embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a variable gauge system, including: a variable gauge truck and a ground orbit changing device as described above.
  • the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application uses a support rail provided on the ground to unload a vertical load of a bogie in a rail vehicle, and a guide rail provided on the ground drives the bogie to perform a track change operation to make the steering
  • the rack can be switched between the first gauge and the second gauge; a transition plate is also arranged on the ground between the first track and the second track; the top surface height of the transition plate and the top surface height of the first track
  • the difference is equal to the distance between the top circle of the rim of the rail vehicle wheel and the wheel tread. It is used to support the wheel after the wheel leaves the first or second track. The height of the wheel does not change, so that the wheel does not go down. Drop it to avoid large vibration.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground orbit changing device provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting rail in a ground orbit changing device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a ground orbit changing device provided in Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 are schematic diagrams of a process of changing a track of a bogie provided by Embodiment 4 of the present application through a ground changing device;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a pillow beam in a bogie provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of a pillow beam provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a bottom view of the pillow beam shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of an orbit-change support provided in an extended state according to Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of a deflection support provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application in a folded state;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a follower in a derailment support provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application;
  • FIG. 14 is a top view of a bogie provided in Embodiment 6 of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of two half frames in a wide gauge in a bogie provided in Embodiment 6 of the present application;
  • the ground track changing device can drive a track train to change tracks during travel, enabling it to switch from a narrow track to a wide track without stopping, or from a wide track to a narrow track.
  • the ground track changing device includes a support track 21, a guide track 22, and a transition plate 23.
  • the support rail 21 is disposed on the ground and is used to unload the vertical load of the bogie.
  • the guide rail 22 is disposed on the ground and is used to drive the bogie to perform a track changing operation.
  • the transition plate 23 is disposed on the ground and is located between the first track 11 and the second track 12. The difference between the height of the top surface of the transition plate 23 and the height of the top surface of the first track 11 is equal to the distance between the top circle of the rim of the rail vehicle wheel and the wheel tread, and is used to face the wheel after the wheel leaves the first track or the second track For support.
  • the guide rail 22 is used to apply a driving force to the two half frames to move the two half frames toward each other to reduce the distance between the wheels.
  • the rail vehicle runs on the first track 11 and the height of the top circle of the wheel flange is the same as the height of the top surface of the transition plate 23. After the bogie leaves the first track 11, the wheel flange contacts the transition plate 23 and the wheel It does not fall down, realizes a smooth transition between the first track 11 and the transition plate 23, and avoids a large vibration of the bogie.
  • the above-mentioned support rails 21 and guide rails 22 can be implemented in a corresponding manner to cooperate with the bogies, unload the vertical load, and then push the bogies to perform the track changing operation.
  • the first guide member 24 can be implemented in various ways as long as it can guide the wheels. This embodiment provides a specific implementation manner: the first guide 24 is parallel to the first track 11, and a certain gap is left between the first guide 24 and the first track 11. An end of the first guide 24 facing the second track 12 protrudes from the first track 11, and a surface of the end facing the first track 11 is provided with a first guide slope 241.
  • the wheel After the bogie completes the track change, the wheel first contacts the first guide member 24 during the forward process, and the first guide inclined surface 241 guides the wheel into the gap between the first guide member 24 and the first track 11 so as to be more accurate. Reached the first track 11.
  • the first guide member 24 is a long plate-like structure extending in the longitudinal direction, and is disposed on the inner side of the first track 11.
  • the first guide member 24 overlaps with the first track 11 and extends toward the first end of the second track 12.
  • First Orbit 11 is a long plate-like structure extending in the longitudinal direction, and is disposed on the inner side of the first track 11. The first guide member 24 overlaps with the first track 11 and extends toward the first end of the second track 12.
  • a second guide 25 can also be used.
  • the second guide 25 is disposed on the inner side of the second track 12 and is used to guide the wheels running toward the second track 12. When the wheel leaves the first track 11, it rolls on the transition plate 23. Because the guiding effect of the first track 11 is lost, the wheel is easier to move in the lateral direction.
  • the second guide 25 can be used to guide the wheels, so that the wheels can accurately drive to the second track 12.
  • the second guide 25 is an elongated plate-like structure and extends in the longitudinal direction.
  • the number of the second guide members 25 may be two, and the second guide members 25 are symmetrically disposed on the inner sides of the two tracks in the second track 12, and a gap is left between the corresponding tracks.
  • the second guide member 25 is extended to the end of the first track 11, there is no need to provide a guide slope on the second guide member 25.
  • the wheel When the wheel is changed from a wide gauge to a narrow gauge, it can directly contact the second guide 25 and receive the guiding action of the second guide 25.
  • This embodiment is based on the above embodiment, and optimizes the ground orbit changing device.
  • the role of the support rail 21 is to support the pillow beam when the bogie enters the track change area and raise the pillow beam so that it no longer exerts vertical pressure on the half-frame, but the traction force remains the same.
  • the pillow beam drops back to its original position and resumes exerting vertical pressure on the half-frame.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a supporting rail in a ground orbit changing device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • the support rail 21 includes two support bodies 211 having the same structure and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the transition plate 23.
  • the supporting body 211 is provided with a supporting structure for supporting the pillow beam in the bogie and increasing the height of the pillow beam.
  • the supporting structure may include: a lateral moving member and a vertical moving member provided on the supporting body 211, the lateral moving member can move in the lateral direction, the vertical moving member is provided on the lateral moving member, and the lateral moving member can move in the lateral direction along with the lateral moving member. Move until you reach below the bolster.
  • the vertical moving member can also apply an upward thrust to the pillow beam.
  • the lateral moving member and the vertical moving member may adopt a hydraulic or pneumatic driver, wherein the vertical moving member applies an upward thrust to the pillow beam to push the pillow beam to rise. After the orbit change is completed, the bolster beam is lowered back to the original position.
  • the supporting structure includes a vertical moving member and a supporting member, wherein the supporting member is disposed on the top of the vertical moving member.
  • telescopic support parts are provided at both ends of the pillow beam.
  • the supporting structure is a supporting plane 211a provided on the top of the supporting body 211 and supporting inclined planes at both ends of the supporting plane 211a.
  • the supporting inclined planes at both ends are respectively referred to as a first supporting inclined plane 211b and a second supporting inclined plane 211c .
  • the height of each support slope gradually decreases.
  • telescopic support portions are provided at both ends of the pillow beam. Taking the bogie moving from the first track 11 to the second track 12 as an example, when the bogie enters the track changing area, the support portion extends in the lateral direction to the second support inclined surface 211c.
  • the support portion moves forward and upward along with the support inclined surface 211b, and the pillow beam is raised accordingly.
  • the support portion reaches the support plane 211a, the load between the pillow beam and the half frame is completely unloaded, and a lateral thrust can be applied to the half frame through the guide rail 22 to cause the two half frames to move toward each other.
  • the supporting portion moves to the second supporting inclined surface 211c at the other end, the supporting portion moves forward and downward along with the second supporting inclined surface 211c, and the pillow beam falls accordingly.
  • rollers may be provided on the support portions at both ends of the pillow beam so that the support portion and the support body 211 have rolling friction.
  • the degree of wear on the support portion and the support body 211 can be reduced; The friction between the small support portion and the support body 211 reduces unnecessary energy consumption.
  • the blocking portion 211d may be provided on the first support inclined surface 211b, or on the second support inclined surface 211c, or on the support plane 211a, or on the support plane 211a, the first support inclined surface 211b, and the second support inclined surface Each of 211c is provided with a blocking portion 211d.
  • This embodiment is based on the above embodiment, and optimizes the ground orbit changing device.
  • the role of the guide rail 22 is to apply a driving force to the two half frames to move the two half frames toward each other to reduce the distance between the wheels.
  • the guide rail 22 includes two guide bodies 221 having the same structure and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the transition plate 23.
  • the guide body 221 is provided with a guide structure for providing a derailment driving force to a derailment guide provided on the bogie.
  • the guiding body 221 may be implemented in various ways, for example, the guiding body 221 may be parallel to the first track 11.
  • the guide structure can be hydraulic or pneumatic. When the bogie enters the derailment area, the guide structure pushes the half-frame to move in the lateral direction.
  • the guide rail 22 may adopt the following method provided in this embodiment: as shown in FIG. 1, the guide structure is a guide groove 222 for receiving a rail changing guide.
  • the opening of the guide groove 222 is upward, and a side wall thereof is in contact with the derailment guide to provide a derailment driving force to the derailment guide.
  • the derailment guide is a structure provided on a half frame.
  • the bogie enters the derailment area, and the derailment guide is inserted downward into the guide groove 222.
  • the center line of the guide groove 222 is at a set angle with the longitudinal direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the distance between the ends of the two guide bodies 221 facing the first rail 11 is greater than the distance between the ends of the second rail 12. .
  • the side wall of the guide groove 222 exerts a pushing force on the orbit changing guide, thereby pushing the half-frame to move toward or away from each other.
  • the bogie travels from the first track 11 to the second track 12, and after the wheels along the driving direction leave the first track 11, the derailment guide enters the guide groove 222 Inside.
  • the guide grooves 222 on both sides are inwardly retracted, and the two half frames are moved toward each other by the orbit changing guide.
  • the derailment guide is disengaged from the guide groove 222, the two half frames move into position.
  • second guide inclined surfaces 223 are provided at ends of two side walls of the guide groove 222 for guiding the derailment guides that are about to enter the guide groove 222 so that they can enter the guide groove 222 more smoothly.
  • the longitudinal length of the second guide inclined surface 223 is 150 mm.
  • the center line of the guide groove 222 shown in FIG. 1 is a straight line segment.
  • the center line of the guide groove 222 can also be a broken line segment, an arc line segment, or other irregular line segments, as long as the distance between the two ends of the center line relative to the other guide groove 222 can meet the requirements of the first gauge and the second gauge. Just fine.
  • the difference between the lateral distances between the two ends of the center line of the guide groove 222 and the extension line of the center line of the first track 11 is equal to one-half of the difference between the first track gauge and the second track gauge. And second gauge requirements.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of a ground orbit changing device provided in Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • the width of the first track 11 is the first track distance L1
  • the width of the second track 12 is the second track distance L2.
  • the distance between the end of the first rail 11 and the end of the second rail 12 is L3, and the length of the support plane 211a of the support rail 21 is greater than L3.
  • the lateral distance L4 between the left and right ends of the guide rail 22 is a half of the difference between the first gauge L1 and the second gauge L2.
  • the depth of the guide groove 222 can be set according to the size of the derailment guide, so that at least half of the derailment guide is inserted into the guide groove 222.
  • the wheels located in the front are called front wheels, and the wheels located in the rear are called rear wheels.
  • the rear wheel just leaves the first track 11; when the derailment guide leaves the guide groove 222, the front wheel just enters the second track 12.
  • the wheelbase of the bogie is 1.6m
  • the length of the changing rail guide is 150mm
  • the length of the guide rail 22 in the longitudinal direction is 1m
  • L3 can be slightly larger than 2.75m.
  • FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 are schematic diagrams of the process of changing the track of the bogie provided by the fourth embodiment of the present application through the ground changing device.
  • the bogie moves to the left on the first track 11.
  • the rail changing support members on both sides of the bogie sleeper beam are stretched out and overlapped on the support rail 21.
  • the sleeper beam is gradually raised under the guidance of the first support inclined surface 211b in the support rail 21, and the vertical load of the half-frame is unloaded, but the traction force is retained, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 6 shows the bogie entering the second track 12.
  • This embodiment is based on the foregoing embodiment, and provides a specific implementation manner of the orbit changing support.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a pillow beam provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of the pillow beam provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application
  • FIG. 9 is a bottom view of the pillow beam shown in FIG. 8.
  • two ends of the sleeper beam 32 are provided with rail changing support members 33, and the rail changing support member 33 can be extended relative to the sleeper beam 32 or folded down.
  • Fig. 7 shows that the derailment support 33 at both ends of the sleeper beam is folded down
  • Figs. 8 and 9 show that the derailment support 33 at one end of the sleeper beam is folded down and the derailment support in the other end
  • the member 33 is in an extended state.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of a derailed support provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application in a stretched state
  • FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of a derailed support provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application in a folded state
  • FIG. 12 is an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a driving member in the rail-changing support provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • the orbit changing support member 33 includes a driving member 331 and a driven member 332.
  • One end of the driving member 331 is fixed on the pillow beam 32, and the other end is connected to a middle portion of the driven member 332.
  • One end of the follower 332 is hinged to the pillow beam 32.
  • the driving member 331 can apply a pushing force or a pulling force to a middle portion of the driven member 332, so that the driven member 332 can rotate relative to the pillow beam 32.
  • the driving member 331 may include a cylinder 3311 and a piston rod 3312 provided with a piston at one end and telescopically inserted in the cylinder 3311, and a slider 3313 is provided at an end of the piston rod 3312.
  • the piston rod 3312 is telescopically moved in the lateral direction.
  • One end of the follower 332 is hinged to the end of the pillow beam 32, and the other end is provided with a roller 3321.
  • the roller 3321 can roll on the support rail 21.
  • a sliding slot 3322 is provided in the middle of the follower 332, and the slider 3313 is slidably disposed in the sliding slot 3322.
  • a working fluid is injected into the cylinder 3311 to push the piston rod 3312 to protrude outward.
  • the cooperation of the slider 3313 and the sliding groove 3322 causes the driven member to rotate relative to the pillow beam 32, and the driven member is flipped up to be substantially parallel to the pillow beam, so that the roller 3321 can be overlapped on the support rail 21.
  • the working fluid in the cylinder 3311 is discharged, and the piston rod 3312 is pulled to retract inward.
  • the cooperation of the slider 3313 and the sliding groove 3322 causes the driven member to rotate relative to the pillow beam 32, and the driven member is turned down and retracted.
  • This embodiment is based on the above embodiment, and provides a specific implementation manner of the bogie.
  • FIG. 14 is a top view of the bogie provided in Embodiment 6 of the present application
  • FIG. 15 is a bottom view of the bogie provided in Embodiment 6 of the present application
  • FIG. 16 is the two half frames of the bogie provided in Embodiment 6 of the present application
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a gauge
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of two half frames in a narrow gauge in a bogie provided in Embodiment 6 of the present application.
  • the bogie includes: two half frames 31 arranged in parallel and a pillow beam 32 spanning the two half frames 31.
  • Two wheel pairs are provided between the two half frames 31, and each wheel pair includes an axle and two wheels 34 symmetrically disposed on the axle.
  • An orbit changing guide 36 is provided on the outer side surface of the half-frame 31 to cooperate with the guide rail 22 to realize orbit changing.
  • a motor bracket 311 is also provided on the half frame for the traction motor 35; for non-power bogies, there is no need to provide a traction motor 35, and it is not necessary to provide a motor bracket 311 .
  • Plug-ins are also provided between the two half-frames 31, for example: a first plug-in 371 and a second plug-in 372 are arranged side by side on one of the half-frames 31, and a first plug-in is arranged side by side on the other half-frame 31 Two connectors 372 and a first connector 371.
  • the second connector 372 on one half-frame 31 is correspondingly inserted into the first connector 371 on the other half-frame 31, and the second connector 372 can be opposite to the first connector 371 in the lateral direction. Telescopic.
  • the distance between the two half frames 31 is reduced to fit the narrow gauge track; when the second connector 372 is removed from the first connector 371 extends a part, the distance between the two half-frames 31 is increased to accommodate the wide gauge track.
  • FIGS. 18 to 21 are schematic diagrams of a bogie provided with Embodiment 6 of the present application and a ground changing device for changing tracks. Based on the above technical solution, the process of coordinating the bogie with the ground track changing device to change tracks is as follows:
  • the wheels 34 of the bogie are traveling on the first track 11, and the track changing support member 33 hangs down.
  • the second connector 372 is at a maximum position protruding from the first connector 371.
  • the bogie is traveling in the direction of the second rail 12, and the rail changing supporter 33 is extended and overlapped on the support rail 21.
  • the support rail 21 supports the pillow beam 32 and raises the height of the pillow beam 32 to unload the vertical load of the half-frame 31.
  • the rail change guide 36 is inserted into the guide rail 22, and the guide rail 22 pushes the two half frames 31 toward each other by applying a pushing force to the rail change guide 36.
  • the two half frames 31 are moved into position, and the second plug-in member 372 is completely inserted into the first plug-in member 371.
  • the rail changing guide 36 is separated from the guide rail 22.
  • the sleeper beam 32 gradually descends with the support rail 21, and the vertical load is applied to the half-frame 31 again.
  • the orbit changing support 33 is turned down to a suspended state.
  • the wheels travel on the second track 12 to complete the track change.
  • the process of the bogie traveling from the second track 12 to the first track 11 is similar to the above. The only difference is that the guide rail 22 generates a pulling force on the half-frame 31, which urges the two half-frames 31 to move to the opposite sides to accommodate the track gauge. Wide first track 11.
  • This embodiment provides a track change system including a track change bogie and a ground track change device provided by any of the above embodiments.
  • FIGS. 18 to 21 are schematic diagrams of a bogie provided with Embodiment 7 of the present application and a ground changing device for changing tracks. Based on the above technical solution, the process of coordinating the bogie with the ground track changing device to change tracks is as follows:
  • the wheels 34 of the bogie are traveling on the first track 11, and the track changing support member 33 hangs down.
  • the second connector 372 is at a maximum position protruding from the first connector 371.
  • the bogie is traveling in the direction of the second rail 12, and the rail changing supporter 33 is extended and overlapped on the support rail 21.
  • the support rail 21 supports the pillow beam 32 and raises the height of the pillow beam 32 to unload the vertical load of the half-frame 31.
  • the rail change guide 36 is inserted into the guide rail 22, and the guide rail 22 pushes the two half frames 31 toward each other by applying a pushing force to the rail change guide 36.
  • the two half frames 31 are moved into position, and the second connector 372 is completely inserted into the first connector 371.
  • the rail changing guide 36 is separated from the guide rail 22.
  • the sleeper beam 32 gradually descends with the support rail 21, and the vertical load is applied to the half-frame 31 again.
  • the orbit changing support 33 is turned down to a suspended state.
  • the wheels travel on the second track 12 to complete the track change.
  • the support rails on the ground are used to unload the vertical load of the bogie in the rail vehicle, and the guide rails on the ground are used to drive the bogie to change the track operation, so that the bogie can be at the first gauge and the first.
  • Switch between two gauges a transition plate is also used, which is set on the ground between the first track and the second track; the difference between the top surface height of the transition plate and the top surface height of the first track is equal to the track
  • the distance between the top circle of the rim of the vehicle wheel and the wheel tread is used to support the wheel after the wheel leaves the first track or the second track. The height of the wheel does not change, so that the wheel does not fall down, avoiding Generates large vibrations.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless it is specifically and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation,” “connected,” “connected,” and “fixed” should be broadly understood unless otherwise specified and limited. For example, they can be fixed connections or removable connections. , Or integrated into one; it can be mechanical, electrical, or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction between two elements.
  • installation should be broadly understood unless otherwise specified and limited. For example, they can be fixed connections or removable connections. , Or integrated into one; it can be mechanical, electrical, or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction between two elements.

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Abstract

一种地面变轨装置及变轨距系统，地面变轨装置包括：支撑轨(21)，设置在地面上，用于对轨道车辆中转向架的垂向载荷进行卸载；导向轨(22)，设置在地面上，用于驱动转向架进行变轨操作；过渡板(23)，设置在地面上，位于轨距不同的第一轨道(11)和第二轨道(12)之间；过渡板(23)的顶面高度与第一轨道(11)的顶面高度之差等于轨道车辆车轮的轮缘顶圆与车轮踏面之间的距离。

Description

地面变轨装置及变轨距系统 技术领域
本申请涉及轨道车辆变轨距技术，尤其涉及一种地面变轨装置及变轨距系统。
背景技术
轨道车辆通常分为单轨列车和双轨列车，其中，双轨列车是沿着两条等距离的轨道行驶。轨距为两条轨道之间的距离，大多数国家或地区采用统一的轨距，而某些国家或地区的轨距是不同的。当轨道列车从一种轨距的轨道驶入另一种轨距的轨道之前，需要进行变轨操作，即：调整轨道列车中连接在同一条车轴上的两个车轮之间的距离，使车轮之间的距离能够适应新的轨距。
相关的变轨技术，通常在宽轨道和窄轨道之间设置有地面变轨装置，用于卸载轨道车辆转向架的垂向载荷，并对转向架施加变轨推动力，以改变连接在同一条车轴上的两个车轮之间的距离。但当转向架的车轮离开宽轨(窄轨)之后，车轮会向下掉落至在地面上滚动；当车轮到达窄轨(宽轨)时，依靠牵引力在垂向方向的分力使得车轮向上移动至窄轨(宽轨)上完成变轨操作。
车轮向下掉落的瞬间会产生较大的振动，对转向架中各部件的使用寿命有一定的影响；而且使车轮重新回到轨道上，需要较大的牵引力，需消耗较高的动能。
发明内容
本申请实施例中提供了一种地面变轨装置及变轨距系统，能够减小耗能且能减轻转向架的振动幅度。
本申请第一方面实施例提供一种地面变轨装置，用于驱动轨道车辆在第一 轨道和第二轨道之间切换，所述第一轨道的轨距为第一轨距，第二轨道的轨距为第二轨距，所述第一轨距与第二轨距不同；所述变轨地面装置包括：
支撑轨，设置在地面上，用于对所述轨道车辆中转向架的垂向载荷进行卸载；
导向轨，设置在地面上，用于驱动所述转向架进行变轨操作；
过渡板，设置在地面上，位于第一轨道和第二轨道之间；所述过渡板的顶面高度与所述第一轨道的顶面高度之差等于轨道车辆车轮的轮缘顶圆与车轮踏面之间的距离。
本申请第二方面实施例提供一种变轨距系统，包括：变轨距转向架以及如上所述的地面变轨装置。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，通过采用设置在地面上的支撑轨对轨道车辆中转向架的垂向载荷进行卸载，以及设置在地面上的导向轨驱动转向架进行变轨操作，以使转向架能够在第一轨距和第二轨距之间切换；还采用过渡板设置在地面上，位于第一轨道和第二轨道之间；过渡板的顶面高度与第一轨道的顶面高度之差等于轨道车辆车轮的轮缘顶圆与车轮踏面之间的距离，用于在车轮离开第一轨道或第二轨道后对车轮进行支撑，车轮的高度不发生变化，使得车轮不会向下掉落，避免产生较大的振动。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例一提供的地面变轨装置的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置中支撑轨的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例四提供的地面变轨装置的俯视图；
图4至图6为本申请实施例四提供的转向架通过地面变轨装置进行变轨的 过程示意图；
图7为本申请实施例五提供的转向架中枕梁的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例五提供的枕梁的主视图；
图9为图8所示枕梁的仰视图；
图10为本申请实施例五提供的变轨支撑件处于伸展状态的局部剖视图；
图11为本申请实施例五提供的变轨支撑件处于翻折状态的局部剖视图；
图12为本申请实施例五提供的变轨支撑件中从动件的剖视图；
图13为本申请实施例五提供的变轨支撑件中驱动件的剖视图；
图14为本申请实施例六提供的转向架的俯视图；
图15为本申请实施例六提供的转向架的仰视图；
图16为本申请实施例六提供的转向架中两个半构架处于宽轨距的结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例六提供的转向架中两个半构架处于窄轨距的结构示意图；
图18-图21为本申请实施例七提供的转向架与地面变轨装置配合进行变轨的示意图。
附图标记：
11-第一轨道；12-第二轨道；
21-支撑轨；211-支撑主体；211a-支撑平面；211b-第一支撑斜面；211c-第二支撑斜面；211d-阻挡部；22-导向轨；221-导向主体；222-导向槽；23-过渡板；24-第一导向件；241-第一导向斜面；25-第二导向件；
31-半构架；311-电机吊座；32-枕梁；33-变轨支撑件；331-驱动件；3311-气缸；3312-活塞杆；3313-滑块；332-从动件；3321-滚轮；3322-滑槽；34-车轮；35-牵引电机；36-变轨导向件；371-第一插接件；372-第二插接件。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
实施例一
本申请实施例提供一种地面变轨装置，能够在轨道车辆行进过程中驱动转向架进行变轨操作，以适应不同的轨距。
图1为本申请实施例一提供的地面变轨装置的结构示意图。如图1所示，本实施例提供一种地面变轨装置，用于驱动轨道车辆在第一轨道11和第二轨道12之间切换，第一轨道11的轨距为第一轨距，第二轨道12的轨距为第二轨距，第一轨距与第二轨距不同。
若第一轨距小于第二轨距，则将第一轨道称为窄轨，将第二轨道称为宽轨。若第一轨距大于第二轨距，则将第一轨道称为宽轨，将第二轨道称为窄轨。本实施例提供的地面变轨装置可以驱动轨道列车在行进过程中进行变轨，使其能够在不停车的情况下从窄轨切换至宽轨，也可以从宽轨切换至窄轨。
本实施例中，以第一轨距大于第二轨距为例，对地面变轨装置的实现方式进行具体说明。
如图1所示，地面变轨装置包括：支撑轨21、导向轨22和过渡板23。其中，支撑轨21设置在地面上，用于对转向架的垂向载荷进行卸载。导向轨22设置在地面上，用于驱动转向架进行变轨操作。过渡板23设置在地面上，位于第一轨道11和第二轨道12之间。过渡板23的顶面高度与第一轨道11的顶面高度之差等于轨道车辆车轮的轮缘顶圆与车轮踏面之间的距离，用于在车轮离开第一轨道或第二轨道后对车轮进行支撑。
本实施例所提供的地面变轨装置适能够改变车轮之间距离的变轨距转向架，该转向架可以采用多种方式，例如：转向架可以包括：两个平行设置的半 构架以及横跨在两个半构架上的枕梁，两个半构架之间能够相对移动。两个半构架之间平行设置有两个轮对，每个轮对包括车轴以及设置在车轴两端的车轮，车轮与半构架同步移动。枕梁与两个半构架之间设置有牵引结构，枕梁能够通过牵引结构向半构架提供牵引力。
将第一轨道11和第二轨道12之间的区域设置为变轨区域，地面变轨装置设置在变轨区域内，每个转向架进入变轨区域内都进行变轨操作，例如：当转向架离开第一轨道11，进入变轨区域，地面变轨装置驱动两个半构架相向移动，以缩小两个车轮之间的距离，直至满足第二轨道12对应的轨距，之后，转向架可进入第二轨道12。
支撑轨21用于对在转向架进入变轨区域时对枕梁进行支撑，并抬高枕梁，使其不再对半构架施加垂向压力，但牵引力保持不变。
导向轨22用于对两个半构架施加推动力，以使两个半构架相向移动，以缩小车轮之间的距离。
轨道车辆行驶在第一轨道11上，车轮的轮缘顶圆的高度与过渡板23的顶面高度相同，则当转向架脱离第一轨道11后，车轮的轮缘与过渡板23接触，车轮不会向下掉落，实现在第一轨道11与过渡板23之间平稳过渡，避免了转向架产生较大的振动。
当然，对于其它结构的转向架，上述支撑轨21和导向轨22可以采用相应的实现方式，以与转向架配合，卸载垂向载荷，再推动转向架进行变轨操作。
本实施例提供的技术方案，通过采用设置在地面上的支撑轨对轨道车辆中转向架的垂向载荷进行卸载，以及设置在地面上的导向轨驱动转向架进行变轨操作，以使转向架能够在第一轨距和第二轨距之间切换；还采用过渡板设置在地面上，位于第一轨道和第二轨道之间；过渡板的顶面高度与第一轨道的顶面高度之差等于轨道车辆车轮的轮缘顶圆与车轮踏面之间的距离，用于在车轮离开第一轨道或第二轨道后对车轮进行支撑，车轮的高度不发生变化，使得车轮不会向下掉落，避免产生较大的振动。
实施例二
本实施例是在上述实施例的基础上，对地面变轨装置进行优化。
如图1所示，地面变轨装置还包括：第一导向件24。第一导向件24设置在第一轨道11的内侧，用于对驶向第一轨道11的车轮进行导向。当车轮脱离第二轨道12后，在过渡板23上滚动，由于失去了第一轨道12的导向作用，车轮较容易沿横向方向移动。而采用第一导向件24能够对车轮进行导向，以使车轮能够精准地驶向第一轨道11。
第一导向件24可采用多种方式来实现，只要能对车轮起到导向作用即可。本实施例提供一种具体的实现方式：第一导向件24与第一轨道11平行，且与第一轨道11之间留有一定的间隙。第一导向件24中朝向第二轨道12的端部凸出于第一轨道11，该端部朝向第一轨道11的表面设有第一导向斜面241。
在转向架完成变轨之后，车轮在前进过程中先与第一导向件24接触，且第一导向斜面241引导车轮进入第一导向件24与第一轨道11之间的间隙，从而较为精准地到达第一轨道11。
具体的，第一导向件24为长条板状结构，沿纵向方向延伸，设置在第一轨道11的内侧，与第一轨道11具有重叠部分，其朝向第二轨道12的第一端延伸出第一轨道11。
第一导向件24的数量可以为两个，对称设置在第一轨道11中两根轨道的内侧，各自与对应的轨道之间留有间隙。两个第一导向件24分别对两个车轮进行导向，避免车轮沿横向方向的偏移量过大而导致不能精准地达到第一轨道11。
上述第一导向斜面241沿纵向方向的长度可以为200mm，也可以大于200mm。
进一步的，还可以采用第二导向件25。第二导向件25设置在第二轨道12的内侧，用于对驶向第二轨道12的车轮进行导向。当车轮脱离第一轨道11后， 在过渡板23上滚动，由于失去了第一轨道11的导向作用，车轮较容易沿横向方向移动。而采用第二导向件25能够对车轮进行导向，以使车轮能够精准地驶向第二轨道12。
第二导向件25可采用多种方式来实现，只要能对车轮起到导向作用即可。本实施例提供一种具体的实现方式：第二导向件25设置在第二轨道12的内侧，与第二轨道12平行，且与第二轨道12之间具有一定的间隙。第二导向件25中朝向第一轨道11的端部凸出于第二轨道12。则当转向架完成变轨后，在第二导向件25的导向作用下，车轮能够进入第二导向件25与第二轨道12之间的间隙内，从而精准地到达第二轨道12。
第二导向件25为长条板状结构，沿纵向方向延伸。第二导向件25的数量可以为两个，对称设置在第二轨道12中两个轨道的内侧，与对应的轨道之间留有间隙。
进一步的，将第二导向件25延伸至第一轨道11的端部，则无需在第二导向件25上设置导向斜面。当车轮由宽轨距变换至窄轨距时，能够直接与第二导向件25接触并接受第二导向件25的导向作用。
实施例三
本实施例是在上述实施例的基础上，对地面变轨装置进行优化。
支撑轨21的作用是当转向架进入变轨区域时，对枕梁进行支撑，并抬高枕梁，使其不再对半构架施加垂向压力，但牵引力保持不变。当变轨结束后，枕梁下落回原始位置，恢复对半构架施加垂向压力。
支撑轨21的实现方式可以有很多种，例如可采用本实施例提供的如下方式：
图2为本申请实施例三提供的地面变轨装置中支撑轨的结构示意图。如图1和图2所示，支撑轨21包括：结构相同的两个支撑主体211，对称分布在过渡板23的两侧。支撑主体211上设置有支撑结构，用于对转向架中的枕梁进 行支撑并提高枕梁的高度。
两个支撑主体211对称分布在过渡板23的两侧，对枕梁的两端进行支撑，以使枕梁两端同时被抬高，且抬高的高度相同。
支撑结构可以包括：设置在支撑主体211上的横向移动件和垂向移动件，横向移动件能够沿横向方向移动，垂向移动件设置在横向移动件上，能够随着横向移动件沿横向方向移动直至移动至枕梁的下方。垂向移动件还能够对枕梁施加向上的推力。例如：横向移动件和垂向移动件可以采用液压或气动驱动器，其中，垂向移动件对枕梁施加向上的推力，以推动枕梁升高。待变轨完成后，再带动枕梁下降回到原始位置。
或者，支撑结构包括：垂向移动件和承托件，其中，承托件设置在垂向移动件的顶部。对应的，在枕梁的两端设置有可伸缩的支撑部，当转向架进入变轨区域时，支撑部沿横向方向伸展至承托件的上方，垂向移动件驱动承托件向上移动，进而对枕梁施加向上的推力，以推动枕梁升高。待变轨完成后，再带动枕梁下降回到原始位置。
或者，可以采用如下方式：支撑结构为设置在支撑主体211顶部的支撑平面211a和位于支撑平面211a两端的支撑斜面，将两端的支撑斜面分别称为：第一支撑斜面211b和第二支撑斜面211c。从支撑主体211的中间向两端的方向，各支撑斜面的高度逐渐降低。对应的，在枕梁的两端设置有可伸缩的支撑部。以转向架由第一轨道11驶向第二轨道12为例，当转向架进入变轨区域时，支撑部沿横向方向伸展至第二支撑斜面211c上。随着转向架继续向前行驶，支撑部随着支撑斜面211b向前且向上移动，枕梁随之被抬高。当支撑部到达支撑平面211a，枕梁与半构架之间的载荷完全卸载，可通过导向轨22对半构架施加横向推力，促使两个半构架相向移动。当支撑部移动至另一端的第二支撑斜面211c上，支撑部随着第二支撑斜面211c向前并向下移动，枕梁随之下落。
进一步的，支撑平面211a沿纵向方向的长度设置为大于过渡板23的长度， 支撑平面211a的一端与第一轨道11具有重叠部分，另一端与第二轨道12具有重叠部分，相当于第一支撑斜面211b全部位于第一轨道11的两侧，第二支撑斜面211c全部位于第二轨道12的两侧。以使位于转向架行进方向的前车轮开始变轨之前，枕梁就能够通过支撑轨21被抬高，以卸载垂向载荷。
另外，可以在枕梁两端的支撑部上设置滚轮，以使支撑部与支撑主体211之间为滚动摩擦，一方面能够减小对支撑部和支撑主体211的磨损程度，另一方面还能够减小支撑部与支撑主体211之间的摩擦力，减少不必要的能耗。
进一步的，可以在支撑主体211的顶部设有阻挡部211d，阻挡部211d具体可以为凸出于支撑主体211顶面的结构，设置在远离过渡板23的一侧。则当支撑部的滚轮在支撑主体211的顶面滚动时，阻挡部211d可阻止滚轮从支撑主体211的外侧掉落。
阻挡部211d可以设置在第一支撑斜面211b上，也可以设置在第二支撑斜面211c上，还可以设置在支撑平面211a上，或者，在支撑平面211a、第一支撑斜面211b和第二支撑斜面211c上都设置有阻挡部211d。
实施例四
本实施例是在上述实施例的基础上，对地面变轨装置进行优化。
上述导向轨22的作用是对两个半构架施加推动力，以使两个半构架相向移动，以缩小车轮之间的距离。
导向轨22包括：结构相同的两个导向主体221，对称分布在过渡板23的两侧。导向主体221上设置有导向结构，用于对设置在转向架上的变轨导向件提供变轨推动力。
导向主体221可以有多种实现方式，例如：导向主体221可以平行于第一轨道11。导向结构可采用液压或气动的方式。当转向架进入变轨区域时，导向结构推动半构架沿横向方向移动。
或者，导向轨22可以采用本实施例提供的如下方式：如图1所示，导向 结构为用于容纳变轨导向件的导向槽222。导向槽222的开口向上，其侧壁与变轨导向件接触，以对变轨导向件提供变轨推动力。
变轨导向件为设置在半构架上的结构，转向架进入变轨区域内，变轨导向件向下插入导向槽222内。导向槽222的中心线与纵向方向呈设定角度，例如图1所示，两个导向主体221朝向第一轨道11的端部之间的距离大于朝向第二轨道12的端部之间的距离。随着转向架前进，导向槽222的侧壁对变轨导向件施加推力，进而推动半构架相向移动或相背移动。
以从宽轨向窄轨变换为例：转向架从第一轨道11向第二轨道12的方向行驶，在沿着行驶方向前端的车轮离开第一轨道11之后，变轨导向件进入导向槽222内。两侧的导向槽222呈向内收的趋势，通过变轨导向件推动两个半构架相向移动。当变轨导向件从导向槽222内脱离，两个半构架移动到位。
进一步的，在导向槽222的两侧壁的端部设置有第二导向斜面223，用于对即将进入导向槽222的变轨导向件进行导向，使其更顺利地进入导向槽222内。第二导向斜面223的纵向长度为150mm。
图1所示出的导向槽222的中心线为直线段。导向槽222的中心线还可以为折线段、弧线段或其它不规则线段，只要中心线两端相对于另一个导向槽222之间的距离能够满足第一轨距和第二轨距的要求即可。
导向槽222的中心线的两端各自与第一轨道11中心线延长线之间的横向距离之差等于第一轨距与第二轨距之差的二分之一，则能够满足第一轨距与第二轨距的要求。
图3为本申请实施例四提供的地面变轨装置的俯视图。如图3所示，第一轨道11的宽度为第一轨距L1，第二轨道12的宽度为第二轨距L2。第一轨道11端部与第二轨道12端部之间的距离(即：过渡板23的长度)为L3，支撑轨21的支撑平面211a的长度大于L3。导向轨22左右两端之间的横向距离L4为第一轨距L1与第二轨距L2之差的二分之一。导向槽222的深度可以根据变轨导向件的尺寸来进行设定，使变轨导向件的至少一半插入导向槽222内。
另外，以从第一轨道11变换至第二轨道12为例：对于前进中的转向架，将位于前方的车轮称为前车轮，将位于后方的车轮称为后车轮。在变轨导向件进入导向轨22的导向槽222之前，后车轮正好离开第一轨道11；在变轨导向件离开导向槽222时，前车轮刚好进入第二轨道12。则可以设定过渡板23的长度L3要大于转向架的轴距(即：变轨导向件与前车轴中心的距离、及变轨导向件与后车轴中心的距离之和)、变轨导向件的长度、以及导向轨22沿纵向方向的长度之和。例如：转向架的轴距为1.6m，变轨导向件的长度为150mm，导向轨22沿纵向方向的长度为1m，则过渡板23的长度L3＝(1.6+0.15+1)m＝2.75m，或者，L3也可以略大于2.75m。
图4至图6为本申请实施例四提供的转向架通过地面变轨装置进行变轨的过程示意图。以从轨距较宽的第一轨道11变换至轨距较窄的第二轨道12为例，图4中展示了变轨之前，转向架在第一轨道11上向左移动。当转向架接近支撑轨21时，转向架枕梁两侧的变轨支撑件伸展开，搭接在支撑轨21上。随着转向架继续前进，枕梁在支撑轨21中的第一支撑斜面211b的导向作用下逐渐升高，卸载半构架的垂向载荷，但保留牵引力，如图5所示。半构架上的变轨导向件插入导向轨22内，在导向轨22的作用下对半构架施加推力，以使两个半构架相向移动至与第二轨道12相匹配的轨距。当半构架移动到位后，枕梁随着第二支撑斜面211c的导向作用下和逐渐下降，重新加载对半构架的垂向载荷，完成变轨。图6示出的是转向架驶入第二轨道12。
图5中，为了便于对与变轨相关的结构进行清楚的展示，去掉了车轮等部件。
实施例五
本实施例是在上述实施例的基础上，提供一种变轨支撑件的具体实现方式。
图7为本申请实施例五提供的转向架中枕梁的结构示意图，图8为本申请 实施例五提供的枕梁的主视图，图9为图8所示枕梁的仰视图。如图7至图9所示，枕梁32的两端设置有变轨支撑件33，变轨支撑件33能够相对于枕梁32伸展开，或向下翻折。图7示出了枕梁两端的变轨支撑件33均向下翻折，图8和图9示出了枕梁其中一端的变轨支撑件33向下翻折，另一端内的变轨支撑件33处于伸展状态。
图10为本申请实施例五提供的变轨支撑件处于伸展状态的局部剖视图，图11为本申请实施例五提供的变轨支撑件处于翻折状态的局部剖视图，图12为本申请实施例五提供的变轨支撑件中从动件的剖视图，图13为本申请实施例五提供的变轨支撑件中驱动件的剖视图。
变轨支撑件33包括：驱动件331和从动件332，驱动件331的一端固定在枕梁32上，另一端与从动件332的中部相连。从动件332的一端与枕梁32铰接。驱动件331能够对从动件332的中部施加推力或拉力，以使从动件332能够相对于枕梁32转动。
如图10至图13所示，驱动件331可以包括气缸3311以及一端设有活塞且伸缩插设在气缸3311内的活塞杆3312，活塞杆3312的端部设有滑块3313。活塞杆3312沿横向方向伸缩移动。从动件332的一端与枕梁32的端部铰接，另一端设有滚轮3321，滚轮3321可在支撑轨21上滚动。从动件332的中部设有滑槽3322，上述滑块3313滑动设置在滑槽3322内。
上述变轨支撑件的工作过程为：
在需要变轨操作时，向气缸3311内注入工作液体，以推动活塞杆3312向外伸出。通过滑块3313与滑槽3322的配合，促使从动件相对于枕梁32转动，从动件向上翻转至基本与枕梁平行，进而能使滚轮3321搭接在支撑轨21上。
在变轨结束后，气缸3311中的工作液体排出，拉动活塞杆3312向内缩回。通过滑块3313与滑槽3322的配合，促使从动件相对于枕梁32转动，从动件向下翻转收回。
实施例六
本实施例是在上述实施例的基础上，提供一种转向架的具体实现方式。
图14为本申请实施例六提供的转向架的俯视图，图15为本申请实施例六提供的转向架的仰视图，图16为本申请实施例六提供的转向架中两个半构架处于宽轨距的结构示意图，图17为本申请实施例六提供的转向架中两个半构架处于窄轨距的结构示意图。如图14至图17所示，以动力转向架为例，转向架包括：平行设置的两个半构架31和横跨在两个半构架31上的枕梁32。两个半构架31之间设置有两个轮对，每个轮对包括车轴以及对称设置在车轴上的两个车轮34。半构架31的外侧面设有变轨导向件36，用于与导向轨22配合实现变轨。
对于动力转向架而言，在半构架上还设置有电机吊座311，用于安装牵引电机35；对于非动力转向架而言，则无需设置牵引电机35，也就不需要设置电机吊座311。
两个半构架31之间还设置有插接件，例如：在其中一个半构架31上并排设置第一插接件371和第二插接件372，在另一个半构架31上并排设置有第二插接件372和第一插接件371。一个半构架31上的第二插接件372对应插设于另一个半构架31上的第一插接件371内，且第二插接件372可沿横向方向相对于第一插接件371伸缩。
当第二插接件372向第一插接件371内插入，则两个半构架31之间的距离缩小，以适应窄轨距的轨道；当第二插接件372从第一插接件371伸出一部分，则两个半构架31之间的距离增大，以适应宽轨距的轨道。
图18-图21为本申请实施例六提供的转向架与地面变轨装置配合进行变轨的示意图。基于上述技术方案，上述转向架与地面变轨装置进行配合进行变轨的过程为：
如图18所示，转向架的车轮34行驶在第一轨道11上，变轨支撑件33向下垂落。第二插接件372处于伸出第一插接件371的最大位置处。
如图19所示，转向架朝向第二轨道12的方向行驶，变轨支撑件33伸展开搭接在支撑轨21上。支撑轨21对枕梁32进行支撑并抬高枕梁32的高度，以卸载半构架31的垂向载荷。变轨导向件36插入导向轨22，导向轨22通过对变轨导向件36施加推力进而推动两个半构架31相向移动。
如图20所示，两个半构架31移动到位，第二插接件372完全插入第一插接件371内。变轨导向件36脱离导向轨22。
如图21所示，枕梁32随着支撑轨21逐渐下降，重新对半构架31加载垂向载荷。变轨支撑件33向下翻转至垂落状态。车轮行驶在第二轨道12上，完成变轨。
转向架从第二轨道12向第一轨道11行驶的过程与上述类似，区别仅在于导向轨22对半构架31产生拉力，促使两个半构架31向两侧相背移动，以适应轨距较宽的第一轨道11。
实施例七
本实施例提供一种变轨距系统，包括：变轨距转向架以及如上述任一实施例所提供的地面变轨装置。
图18-图21为本申请实施例七提供的转向架与地面变轨装置配合进行变轨的示意图。基于上述技术方案，上述转向架与地面变轨装置进行配合进行变轨的过程为：
如图18所示，转向架的车轮34行驶在第一轨道11上，变轨支撑件33向下垂落。第二插接件372处于伸出第一插接件371的最大位置处。
如图19所示，转向架朝向第二轨道12的方向行驶，变轨支撑件33伸展开搭接在支撑轨21上。支撑轨21对枕梁32进行支撑并抬高枕梁32的高度，以卸载半构架31的垂向载荷。变轨导向件36插入导向轨22，导向轨22通过对变轨导向件36施加推力进而推动两个半构架31相向移动。
如图20所示，两个半构架31移动到位，第二插接件372完全插入第一插 接件371内。变轨导向件36脱离导向轨22。
如图21所示，枕梁32随着支撑轨21逐渐下降，重新对半构架31加载垂向载荷。变轨支撑件33向下翻转至垂落状态。车轮行驶在第二轨道12上，完成变轨。
通过采用设置在地面上的支撑轨对轨道车辆中转向架的垂向载荷进行卸载，以及设置在地面上的导向轨驱动转向架进行变轨操作，以使转向架能够在第一轨距和第二轨距之间切换；还采用过渡板，设置在地面上，位于第一轨道和第二轨道之间；所述过渡板的顶面高度与所述第一轨道的顶面高度之差等于轨道车辆车轮的轮缘顶圆与车轮踏面之间的距离，用于在车轮离开第一轨道或第二轨道后对车轮进行支撑，车轮的高度不发生变化，实现车轮不会向下掉落，避免产生较大的振动。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以互相通讯；可以是直接相 连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种地面变轨装置，用于驱动轨道车辆在第一轨道和第二轨道之间切换，所述第一轨道的轨距为第一轨距，第二轨道的轨距为第二轨距，所述第一轨距与第二轨距不同；其特征在于，所述变轨地面装置包括：
    支撑轨，设置在地面上，用于对所述轨道车辆中转向架的垂向载荷进行卸载；
    导向轨，设置在地面上，用于驱动所述转向架进行变轨操作；
    过渡板，设置在地面上，位于第一轨道和第二轨道之间；所述过渡板的顶面高度与所述第一轨道的顶面高度之差等于轨道车辆车轮的轮缘顶圆与车轮踏面之间的距离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第一导向件，设置在第一轨道的内侧，用于对驶向第一轨道的车轮进行导向。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述第一导向件与第一轨道平行且与第一轨道之间具有间隙；所述第一导向件中朝向第二轨道的端部凸出于所述第一轨道且该端部朝向所述第一轨道的表面设有第一导向斜面。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第二导向件，设置在第二轨道的内侧，用于对驶向第二轨道的车轮进行导向。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述第二导向件与第二轨道平行且与第二轨道之间具有间隙；所述第二导向件中朝向第一轨道的端部凸出于所述第二轨道。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述第二导向件中朝向第一轨道的端部延伸至第一轨道。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述支撑轨包括： 结构相同的两个支撑主体，对称分布在所述过渡板的两侧；
    所述支撑主体上设置有支撑结构，用于对所述转向架中的枕梁进行支撑并提高所述枕梁的高度。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述支撑结构为设置在所述支撑主体顶部的支撑平面和位于支撑平面两端的支撑斜面；从支撑主体的中间向两端的方向，所述支撑斜面的高度逐渐降低。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述支撑平面的长度大于所述过渡板的长度；
    且所述支撑平面均与第一轨道和第二轨道具有重叠部分。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述支撑主体的顶部远离所述过渡板的一侧设有阻挡部，所述阻挡部高于所述支撑平面。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述导向轨包括：结构相同的两个导向主体，对称分布在所述过渡板的两侧；
    所述导向主体上设置有导向结构，用于对设置在所述转向架上的变轨导向件提供变轨推动力。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述导向结构为用于容纳变轨导向件的导向槽，所述导向槽的侧壁与所述变轨导向件接触，以对所述变轨导向件提供变轨推动力。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述过渡板的长度大于或等于转向架的轴距、变轨导向件的长度、以及导向轨沿纵向方向的长度之和。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的地面变轨装置，其特征在于，所述导向槽两端的侧壁设有第二导向斜面。
  15. 一种变轨距系统，其特征在于，包括：变轨距转向架以及如权利要求1-14任一项所述的地面变轨装置。
PCT/CN2018/104644 2018-09-05 2018-09-07 地面变轨装置及变轨距系统 WO2020047852A1 (zh)

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US17/273,694 US20210395952A1 (en) 2018-09-05 2018-09-07 Ground rail transfer device and gauge changing system
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