WO2020045640A2 - 排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents

排ガス浄化装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020045640A2
WO2020045640A2 PCT/JP2019/034161 JP2019034161W WO2020045640A2 WO 2020045640 A2 WO2020045640 A2 WO 2020045640A2 JP 2019034161 W JP2019034161 W JP 2019034161W WO 2020045640 A2 WO2020045640 A2 WO 2020045640A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
disturbance
ammonia
plate support
gas flow
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PCT/JP2019/034161
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2020045640A3 (ja
Inventor
博之 吉村
勝美 矢野
克洋 矢代
山田　晃広
宍戸　聡
宏憲 岸
Original Assignee
三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社
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Priority to US17/269,408 priority Critical patent/US11408318B2/en
Priority to KR1020217005041A priority patent/KR102491279B1/ko
Publication of WO2020045640A2 publication Critical patent/WO2020045640A2/ja
Publication of WO2020045640A3 publication Critical patent/WO2020045640A3/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8634—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/021—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting ammonia NH3
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/18—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for stationary applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for purifying exhaust gas from a boiler.
  • the exhaust gas from the boiler is purified by a flue gas treatment system and then released into the atmosphere.
  • the flue gas treatment system includes a denitration device that reduces and removes nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas, an air preheater that heats combustion air by heat exchange with the exhaust gas, and dust (combustion ash) in the exhaust gas.
  • An electric precipitator for collecting and removing is provided.
  • Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 provide an ammonia concentration measuring device that measures the concentration of ammonia downstream of a denitration catalyst using ammonia as a reducing agent.
  • a denitration device for controlling the injection of ammonia to the upstream side is described.
  • an ammonia decomposition catalyst is provided downstream of a denitration catalyst using ammonia as a reducing agent, and an oxidant is injected from an oxidant injection pipe between the denitration catalyst and the ammonia decomposition catalyst.
  • a denitration apparatus is described.
  • JP 2013-176733 A JP-A-2017-113697 JP-A-11-128686 JP-A-9-150039
  • Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 an ammonia concentration measurement device is provided downstream of the denitration catalyst, and the injection of ammonia to the upstream of the denitration catalyst is controlled according to the concentration of ammonia downstream of the denitration catalyst.
  • the denitration apparatus becomes complicated and control becomes complicated.
  • an ammonia decomposition catalyst is provided downstream of a denitration catalyst, and an oxidant is injected from an oxidant injection pipe between the denitration catalyst and the ammonia decomposition catalyst. Invite.
  • the ammonia decomposition catalyst is provided in addition to the denitration catalyst, the pressure loss increases and the load on the fan for flowing the exhaust gas increases as compared with the case where only the denitration catalyst is provided.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying apparatus capable of suppressing the adhesion and deposition of acid ammonium sulfate on downstream equipment while suppressing the complexity and control of the apparatus and increasing the load on the fan. .
  • a first aspect of the present invention is to dispose a denitration catalyst for reducing and removing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent in a gas flow passage through which exhaust gas discharged from the boiler flows.
  • the plurality of disturbance plate support members are fixedly provided on the downstream side of the denitration catalyst, and extend linearly in the flow path cross section so as to cross the gas flow path.
  • the disturbance plate has an exhaust gas flow facing surface exposed on the upstream side, and is fixed to the disturbance plate support member so that its position in the cross section of the flow path can be changed.
  • the concentration of the leaked ammonia (unreacted ammonia) on the downstream side of the denitration catalyst and on the upstream side of the position where the perturbation plate is supported by the perturbation plate support member (for example, near the outlet from the denitration catalyst)
  • measurement is performed at a plurality of points in the cross section of the flow path.
  • the point where ammonia concentration is determined to be high by the measurement during operation and the flow direction of exhaust gas A disturbing plate is arranged so as to overlap with and is fixed to the disturbing plate support member.
  • the concentration distribution of the leaked ammonia in the cross section of the flow channel fluctuates due to long-term use, etc., and it is determined by measurement during operation that a portion having a high ammonia concentration has been displaced, the fixing of the disturbance plate is released, The turbulence plate is moved so as to overlap with the portion determined to have a high ammonia concentration in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and is fixed to the turbulence plate support member again. Thereby, even if the concentration distribution of leak ammonia in the cross section of the flow path fluctuates, it is possible to suppress the adhesion and deposition of acidic ammonium sulfate on downstream equipment.
  • the agitating plate is partially arranged instead of the entire cross section of the flow path, the pressure loss is less likely to increase compared to the case where an ammonia decomposition catalyst is provided over the entire cross section of the flow path, and the increase in the load on the fan for flowing exhaust gas is suppressed. be able to.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is the exhaust gas purifying apparatus of the first aspect, wherein the perturbation plate is releasable to any two adjacent perturbation plate support members among the plurality of perturbation plate support members. It has the supported portions on both sides to be fixed, and the exhaust gas flow facing surface exposed on the upstream side between the supported portions on both sides.
  • a third aspect of the present invention is the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to the first or second aspect, wherein the exhaust gas flow-facing surface of the disturbance plate has a plurality of inclined surfaces inclined from the top of the upstream facing surface to the downstream. Have.
  • the exhaust gas flow facing surface has a plurality of inclined surfaces inclined from the top of the upstream facing surface to the downstream, and the exhaust gas hitting the exhaust gas flow facing surface flows downstream along each inclined surface, Stirring of the exhaust gas can be performed smoothly and reliably.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention is the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to any of the first to third aspects, further comprising an air ejection means which is disposed so as to overlap the downstream side of the disturbance plate and ejects air.
  • the exhaust gas is also agitated by the air jetted from the air jetting means in addition to the stirring by the disturbance plate, so that the exhaust gas agitation ability can be increased.
  • the fifth aspect of the present invention is the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to the first to fourth aspects, wherein the disturbance plate carries an ammonia decomposition catalyst for decomposing unreacted ammonia.
  • the concentration of the leaked ammonia can be reduced in a portion where the ammonia concentration is high.
  • the present invention it is possible to suppress the adhesion and deposition of ammonium acid sulfate on downstream equipment while suppressing the complexity of the apparatus, the complicated control, and the increase in the load on the fan.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the exhaust gas disturbance mechanism of FIG. 2 viewed from an upstream side.
  • 4A and 4B are front views of the exhaust gas disturbance mechanism viewed from the upstream side, wherein FIG. 3A is a front view of the example of FIG. 3 in which slide areas are arranged in three horizontal rows, and FIG. FIG. 9C is a front view of another modification in which the slide areas are arranged in five horizontal rows.
  • FIG. 9C is a front view of another modification in which the slide areas are arranged in five horizontal rows.
  • the exhaust gas purifying apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
  • the arrow Df in the figure indicates the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and Da indicates the flow direction of the combustion air.
  • a flue gas treatment system for purifying exhaust gas from a boiler (coal-fired boiler) 1 and discharging the exhaust gas to the atmosphere includes a denitration device 2, an air preheater (AH: air heater) 3, and an electric dust collector 4. And an induction draft fan 5 are provided.
  • the boiler 1 may be a boiler other than coal-fired.
  • the denitration device 2 is disposed downstream of the boiler 1 and reduces and removes nitrogen oxides (NOx) in exhaust gas.
  • the air preheater 3 is arranged downstream of the denitration device 2 and heats combustion air by heat exchange with exhaust gas.
  • the electric dust collector 4 is disposed downstream of the air preheater 3 and collects and removes dust (combustion ash) in exhaust gas.
  • the induction ventilator 5 is arranged downstream of the electric precipitator 4, and attracts and guides the exhaust gas to the chimney 6.
  • the boiler 1 and the denitration device 2 and the denitration device 2 and the air preheater 3 communicate with each other through exhaust gas ducts 8 and 9, respectively, and serve as gas flow passages from inside the boiler 1 to the air preheater 3.
  • a cross section of the flow path (a cross section substantially orthogonal to the exhaust gas flow direction Df) is formed in a substantially rectangular shape.
  • the denitration apparatus 2 includes a denitration reactor 11, a catalyst layer 12, and a plurality of reducing agent injection nozzles (reducing agent injection means) 13. Inside the denitration reactor 11, a gas flow passage 14 having a rectangular cross section is defined. The catalyst layer 12 and the reducing agent injection nozzle 13 are arranged in the gas flow passage 14 and fixed to the denitration reactor 11.
  • the catalyst layer 12 is composed of a denitration catalyst (ammonia denitration catalyst) for reducing and removing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas using ammonia as a reducing agent, and a carrier supporting the denitration catalyst.
  • the catalyst layer 12 may be a single layer (one step) or a plurality of layers (a plurality of steps).
  • the reducing agent injection nozzle 13 is arranged in the gas flow passage 14 on the upstream side of the catalyst layer 12 and injects ammonia into exhaust gas flowing through the gas flow passage 14. Note that the reducing agent injection nozzle 13 may be arranged in a gas flow passage in the exhaust gas duct 8 (see FIG. 1) connecting the boiler 1 and the denitration device 2.
  • the exhaust gas duct 9 that communicates the denitration device 2 and the air preheater 3 has a horizontal duct 15 that is connected to the denitration reactor 11 and extends substantially horizontally. Are defined.
  • a plurality of measurement holes (test seats) 17 are provided at predetermined positions of the horizontal duct 15 at regular intervals along the flow path cross section. It is held closed by the body 18.
  • the lid 18 is removed, and a concentration sensor (not shown) is inserted into the gas flow passage 16 from the measurement hole 17.
  • the exhaust gas disturbance mechanism 20 is provided in the gas flow passage 16 on the downstream side of the measurement hole 17.
  • the exhaust gas disturbance mechanism 20 includes a plurality of disturbance plate support members 21, an upper fixing member 22, a lower fixing member 23, and one or more (see FIGS. 3 and 4A). (Two in the example).
  • the disturbance plate support member 21 includes a disturbance plate support member 21A at both ends and a plurality (two in the example of FIGS. 3 and 4A) of intermediate disturbance plate support members 21B.
  • the disturbing plate support members 21A at both ends are long members having a U-shaped cross section having a slide groove 26 on one side, and extend linearly in a substantially vertical direction along the left and right side edges of the flow path cross section.
  • the middle disturbance plate support member 21B is a long material having an H-shaped cross section having slide grooves 26 on both sides, is disposed at equal intervals between the disturbance plate support members 21A at both ends, and extends linearly in a substantially vertical direction.
  • the upper fixing member 22 is a long material that extends substantially horizontally along the upper edge of the flow path cross section
  • the lower fixing member 23 is a long material that extends substantially horizontally along the lower edge of the flow path cross section.
  • the upper fixing member 22 is fixed to the inner surface (lower surface) of the upper wall (ceiling) of the horizontal duct 15, and the lower fixing member 23 is fixed to the inner surface (upper surface) of the lower wall (bottom wall) of the horizontal duct 15.
  • the upper and lower ends of the disturbance plate supporting member 21 are fixed to the upper fixing member 22 and the lower fixing member 23, respectively, with the slide grooves 26 of two adjacent disturbance plate supporting members 21 facing each other.
  • the support member 21A is fixed to the inner surface of the side wall of the horizontal duct 15.
  • a rectangular frame is formed along the outer edge of the cross section of the flow path by the disturbance plate supporting members 21A, the upper fixing member 22, and the lower fixing member 23 at both ends, and the plurality of disturbance plate supporting members 21 are arranged in a substantially parallel grid at equal intervals. Form a line.
  • the two adjacent disturbance plate support members 21 define a rectangular slide region 25 in which the disturbance plate 24 is slidably supported in the vertical direction.
  • two intermediate disturbance plate support members 21B are provided.
  • the disturbing plate support members 21A at both ends and two intermediate disturbing plate support members 21B (a total of four disturbing plate support members 21)
  • three horizontal rows (left, center, right) of the slide areas 25 are arranged in the horizontal direction.
  • One perturbation plate 24 is arranged in each of the left and right slide areas 25 except for the center.
  • FIG. 4A shows an example in which two disturbance plate support members 21B are provided in the middle, but as shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C, three or more disturbance plates are provided in the middle.
  • the support member 21B can be installed.
  • FIG. 4B shows an example in which three disturbing plate support members 21B are provided in the middle to provide four rows of slide areas 25, and
  • FIG. 4C shows four disturbing plate supporting members in the middle. This is an example in which a member 21B is provided to provide five horizontal rows of slide areas 25. Further, as shown in FIGS.
  • the perturbation plate 24 is divided into the same section (one slide) divided by the perturbation plate support member 21 in accordance with the leak ammonia distribution state of the gas flow passage 16.
  • a plurality can be provided in the region 25).
  • FIG. 4B shows an example in which two disturbance plates 24 are provided in the slide area 25 in the second row from the left.
  • FIG. 4C shows three examples in the slide area 25 in the second row from the left. This is an example in which two disturbance plates 24 are provided in the slide area 25 at the right end. Further, there may be a section (slide area 25) in which the disturbance plate 24 is not installed.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4C show an example in which the disturbance plate 24 is not provided in the center slide area 25.
  • the disturbance plate 24 is a rectangular flat plate having integrally supported portions 28 on both sides of the exhaust gas flow opposing surface 27, and the supported portions 28 on both sides are adjacent to each other. Are respectively inserted into and engaged with the slide grooves 26 of the disturbance plate support member 21. When the supported portions 28 on both sides are engaged with the slide grooves 26, respectively, the disturbance plate 24 moves along the disturbance plate support member 21 in the slide area 25 with the exhaust gas flow facing surface 27 exposed to the upstream side. The slide can be moved.
  • a plurality of bolt insertion holes 29 penetrating the slide groove 26 are formed in the disturbance plate support member 21.
  • the plurality of bolt insertion holes 29 are formed at a predetermined pitch P (for example, 300 mm) along the direction in which the disturbance plate supporting member 21 extends (substantially vertical direction in the present embodiment), and extend linearly over substantially the entire length of the disturbance plate supporting member 21. Form a line.
  • a plurality of (for example, two upper and lower) bolt insertion holes 30 are formed in the supported portion 28 of the disturbance plate 24 at a distance of an integral multiple of the predetermined pitch P.
  • the bolt insertion hole 30 of the supported portion 28 is overlapped with an arbitrary bolt insertion hole 29 of the disturbance plate support member 21, the bolt 31 is inserted through the bolt insertion holes 29, 30, and the nut 32 is screwed and tightened to disturb the disturbance.
  • the plate 24 is fixed to the disturbance plate support member 21.
  • the fastening position by the bolt 31 is released, the bolt 31 is removed from the bolt insertion holes 29, 30, and the bolt insertion hole 29 through which the bolt 31 is inserted is changed.
  • the pitch P can be changed.
  • the supported portions 28 on both sides of the disturbance plate 24 are releasably fixed to any two adjacent disturbance plate support members 21 among the plurality of disturbance plate support members 21.
  • a spacer 33 is interposed between the disturbance plate support member 21 and the nut 32.
  • the disturbance plate supporting member 21 and the disturbance plate 24 can be fastened so as not to overlap with the threaded portion of the bolt 31 (only overlap with the large diameter non-threaded portion where no male screw is formed). As a result, the disturbance plate 24 can be firmly fixed.
  • the middle disturbance plate support member 21B enables the attachment and detachment of the disturbance plate 24 while being fixed to the horizontal duct 15, so that a part or the entire area of the slide groove 26 is located on the upstream side.
  • it is configured to be openable downstream.
  • the lower portion of the disturbance plate support member 21B is divided into a downstream fixed member 34 fixed to the lower fixing member 23 and an upstream movable member 35 detachable from the fixed member 34. Have been.
  • the upper end of the movable side member 35 is rotatably connected to the disturbance plate supporting member 21 above it via a hinge 36, and the lower end of the movable side member 35 is fastened and fixed to the lower fixed member 23 by bolts 37 (FIG. 7 (a)).
  • the plurality of disturbance plate supporting members 21 are fixedly provided on the downstream side of the denitration catalyst (catalyst layer 12), and extend linearly in the cross section of the flow path so as to cross the gas flow path 16. line up.
  • the disturbance plate 24 has an exhaust gas flow facing surface 27 exposed on the upstream side, and is fixed to the disturbance plate support member 21 so that its position in the cross section of the flow path can be changed.
  • the number and the fixed position of the disturbance plates 24 installed in the exhaust gas disturbance mechanism 20 are set so as to overlap with the location determined to have a high ammonia concentration in the flow path cross section in the exhaust gas flow direction Df.
  • the concentration of leaked ammonia (unreacted ammonia) downstream of the denitration catalyst (catalyst layer 12) and upstream of the exhaust gas disturbance mechanism 20 is determined.
  • the measurement is performed at a plurality of positions in the cross section of the flow path by the concentration sensor inserted from the measurement hole 17.
  • the disturbance is made so that the portion (one or a plurality of portions) determined to have a high ammonia concentration (higher than other measurement portions) by the measurement during the operation overlaps the exhaust gas flow direction Df.
  • the plate 24 is arranged and fixed to the disturbance plate support member 21.
  • the exhaust gas in a portion having a high ammonia concentration hits the exhaust gas flow facing surface 27 of the disturbance plate 24 and is disturbed and mixed (stirred) with the surrounding exhaust gas.
  • the deviation (difference from the average concentration (concentration variation)) of the ammonia concentration in the cross section of the flow path is reduced. For this reason, it becomes difficult to generate acidic ammonium sulfate, and it is possible to suppress the adhesion and deposition of acidic ammonium sulfate on downstream equipment (for example, the air preheater 3).
  • the concentration distribution of leaked ammonia in the cross section of the flow channel fluctuates due to long-term use or the like, and it is determined by measurement during operation that a portion having a high ammonia concentration is displaced, the fixing of the disturbance plate 24 is performed. Then, the disturbing plate 24 is moved so as to overlap in the flow direction Df with the portion determined to have a high ammonia concentration, and is fixed to the disturbing plate support member 21 again. Thereby, even if the concentration distribution of leak ammonia in the cross section of the flow path fluctuates, it is possible to suppress the adhesion and deposition of acidic ammonium sulfate on downstream equipment. In this case, the number of the disturbing plates 24 may be increased or decreased, or the displacing plate 24 may be moved to a different slide area 25 in the horizontal direction.
  • the agitation plate 24 is partially disposed instead of the entire cross section of the flow path, the pressure loss is hardly increased as compared with the case where the ammonia decomposition catalyst is provided over the entire cross section of the flow path, and the load of the fan for flowing exhaust gas is increased. Can be suppressed.
  • the shape of the disturbance plate is different from that of the first embodiment, and the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, the description of the other configuration will be omitted.
  • FIG. 9A shows an example of a disturbance plate 40 bent in an L-shape.
  • the exhaust gas flow-facing surface 42 is provided with two inclined surfaces 46 that incline from the top surface (ridge line) 44 of the facing surface.
  • FIG. 9B shows an example of a disturbing plate 41 formed in a pyramid shape.
  • the exhaust gas flow-facing surface 43 is provided with four inclined surfaces 47 inclined from a top 45 of the facing surface.
  • the exhaust gas flow opposing surfaces 42 and 43 have the plurality of inclined surfaces 46 and 47 that incline from the upstream opposing surface tops 44 and 45 to the downstream side.
  • the exhaust gas flows downstream along each of the inclined surfaces 46 and 47. Accordingly, the exhaust gas can be smoothly and reliably stirred.
  • an air ejection nozzle (air ejection means) 50 is provided, and the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, the description of the other configuration is omitted.
  • the air ejection nozzle 50 is disposed so as to overlap the downstream side of the disturbance plate 24, and ejects air toward the downstream side. Since the exhaust gas is also agitated by the air ejected from the air ejection nozzle 50 in addition to the agitation by the disturbance plate 24, the agitation ability of the exhaust gas can be enhanced.
  • the ammonia decomposing catalyst for decomposing unreacted ammonia is carried on the disturbance plates 24, 40, and 41 of the first to third embodiments, and the other configurations are the first to third. Since the third embodiment is the same as the third embodiment, the description of the other components is omitted.
  • the ammonia decomposition catalyst is supported on the disturbance plates 24, 40 and 41 by being fixed to the surfaces of the exhaust gas flow facing surfaces 27, 42 and 43, for example, in the form of a thin film, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst decomposes leak ammonia in the exhaust gas. . Therefore, it is possible to reduce the concentration of the leaked ammonia at a location where the ammonia concentration is high.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and the modified example described as an example, and other than the above-described embodiment and the like, as long as the technical idea according to the present invention is not deviated. Various changes are possible according to the design and the like.
  • the exhaust gas disturbance mechanism 20 (the disturbance plates 24, 40, and 41) is provided in the gas flow passage 16 in the horizontal duct 15 of the exhaust gas duct 9 that connects the denitration device 2 and the air preheater 3.
  • an exhaust gas disturbance mechanism 20 may be provided in a gas flow passage (flow passage in which the exhaust gas flow direction Df is vertically downward) 52 in a vertical duct 51 of the exhaust gas duct 9. .
  • the plurality of perturbation plate support members extend linearly in a substantially horizontal direction, and the perturbation plates are substantially perpendicular to the vertical direction.
  • the disturbance plate support member 21 is arranged so that the disturbance plate 24 moves in the vertical direction (vertical direction). However, the disturbance plate 24 is moved in another direction (for example, the horizontal direction).
  • the disturbance plate support member 21 may be provided.
  • the disturbance plate 24 may be fixed to the disturbance plate support member 21 by a method other than the fastening with the bolt 31 (for example, welding).
  • the shape of the disturbance plate support member 21 is not limited to the U-shaped cross section or the H-shaped cross section, and may be another shape.

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Abstract

ボイラから排出された排ガスが流通するガス流通路に、アンモニアを還元剤として排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元除去する脱硝触媒を配置し、脱硝触媒の上流側のガス流通路を流通する排ガス中へアンモニアを注入する排ガス浄化装置であって、複数本の撹乱板支持部材２１と、撹乱板２４とを備える。複数本の撹乱板支持部材２１は、脱硝触媒の下流側に固定的に設けられ、ガス流通路１６を横断するように流路断面内に直線状に延びて並ぶ。撹乱板２４は、上流側に露出する排ガス流対向面２７を有し、流路断面内での位置を変更可能に撹乱板支持部材２１に固定される。

Description

排ガス浄化装置
　本発明は、ボイラからの排ガスを浄化するための排ガス浄化装置に関する。
　ボイラで燃料を燃焼して発電を行う火力発電所では、ボイラからの排ガスを排煙処理系統で浄化した後に大気中に排出している。排煙処理系統には、排ガス中の窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）を還元除去する脱硝装置や、排ガスとの熱交換によって燃焼用空気を加熱する空気予熱器や、排ガス中の煤塵（燃焼灰）を捕集除去する電気集塵機などが設けられる。
　特許文献１及び特許文献２には、アンモニアを還元剤とする脱硝触媒の下流側にアンモニアの濃度を計測するアンモニア濃度計測装置を設け、脱硝触媒の下流側のアンモニアの濃度に応じて脱硝触媒の上流側へのアンモニアの注入を制御する脱硝装置が記載されている。
　また、特許文献３及び特許文献４には、アンモニアを還元剤とする脱硝触媒の下流側にアンモニア分解触媒を設け、脱硝触媒とアンモニア分解触媒との間に、酸化剤注入管から酸化剤を注入する脱硝装置が記載されている。
特開２０１３－１７６７３３号公報 特開２０１７－１１３６９７号公報 特開平１１－１２８６８６号公報 特開平９－１５００３９号公報
　アンモニアを還元剤とする脱硝触媒を用いた脱硝装置の場合、脱硝触媒から流出するリークアンモニアの濃度が高いと、酸性硫安（硫酸水素アンモニウム：ＮＨ４ＨＳＯ４）が生成されて脱硝装置の下流側の機器（例えば、空気予熱器）に付着堆積し、当該機器の劣化や機能不全（例えば、空気予熱器の閉塞）を招くおそれがある。リークアンモニアの濃度は流路断面内において一様ではないため、流路断面内の平均濃度が低い場合であっても、高濃度の部分が存在すると、下流側の機器への酸性硫安の付着堆積が発生し得る。
　このようなリークアンモニアに起因した酸性硫安の下流側の機器への付着堆積は、特許文献１や特許文献２のように、脱硝触媒の下流側のアンモニアの濃度に応じて脱硝触媒の上流側へのアンモニアの注入を制御することや、特許文献３や特許文献４のように、脱硝触媒の下流側にアンモニア分解触媒を設けることによって抑制することが可能である。
　しかし、特許文献１及び特許文献２では、脱硝触媒の下流側にアンモニア濃度計測装置を設け、脱硝触媒の下流側のアンモニアの濃度に応じて脱硝触媒の上流側へのアンモニアの注入を制御するので、脱硝装置の複雑化や制御の煩雑化を招く。また、特許文献３及び特許文献４では、脱硝触媒の下流側にアンモニア分解触媒を設け、脱硝触媒とアンモニア分解触媒との間に、酸化剤注入管から酸化剤を注入するので、脱硝装置の複雑化を招く。さらに、脱硝触媒に加えてアンモニア分解触媒を設けるので、脱硝触媒のみを設ける場合に比べて圧損が増大し、排ガスを流通させるファンの負荷が増大する。
　そこで本発明は、装置の複雑化や制御の煩雑化やファンの負荷増大を抑えつつ、下流側の機器への酸性硫安の付着堆積を抑制することが可能な排ガス浄化装置の提供を目的とする。
　上記目的を達成すべく、本発明の第１の態様は、ボイラから排出された排ガスが流通するガス流通路に、アンモニアを還元剤として排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元除去する脱硝触媒を配置し、脱硝触媒の上流側のガス流通路を流通する排ガス中へアンモニアを注入する排ガス浄化装置であって、複数本の撹乱板支持部材と、撹乱板とを備える。
　複数本の撹乱板支持部材は、脱硝触媒の下流側に固定的に設けられ、ガス流通路を横断するように流路断面内に直線状に延びて並ぶ。撹乱板は、上流側に露出する排ガス流対向面を有し、流路断面内での位置を変更可能に撹乱板支持部材に固定される。
　上記構成では、脱硝触媒の下流側で且つ撹乱板支持部材によって撹乱板が支持される位置よりも上流側（例えば脱硝触媒からの出口付近）でのリークアンモニア（未反応のアンモニア）の濃度を、ボイラの運転中（試験運転中であってもよい）に流路断面内の複数個所で測定し、運転停止中に、運転中の測定によりアンモニア濃度が高いと判定された箇所と排ガスの流通方向に重なるように撹乱板を配置して撹乱板支持部材に固定する。係る状態でボイラを運転すると、アンモニア濃度が高い箇所の排ガスが撹乱板の排ガス流対向面に当たり撹乱されて周囲の排ガスと混ざり合う（撹拌される）ため、流路断面内でのアンモニア濃度の偏差（平均濃度との差）が小さくなる。このため、酸性硫安が生成され難くなり、下流側の機器（例えば、空気予熱器）への酸性硫安の付着堆積を抑制することができる。
　長期間の使用等により流路断面内でのリークアンモニアの濃度分布が変動し、運転中の測定によってアンモニア濃度が高い箇所が変位したと判定された場合には、撹乱板の固定を解除し、アンモニア濃度が高いと判定された箇所と排ガスの流通方向に重なるように撹乱板を移動して撹乱板支持部材に再度固定する。これにより、流路断面内でのリークアンモニアの濃度分布が変動した場合であっても、下流側の機器への酸性硫安の付着堆積を抑制することができる。
　撹乱板を流路断面の全域ではなく部分的に配置するので、流路断面の全域にアンモニア分解触媒を設ける場合に比べて圧損が増大し難く、排ガスを流通させるファンの負荷の増大を抑制することができる。
　本発明の第２の態様は、第１の態様の排ガス浄化装置であって、撹乱板は、複数本の撹乱板支持部材のうち隣り合う任意の２本の撹乱板支持部材にそれぞれ解除可能に固定される両側の被支持部と、両側の被支持部の間で上流側に露出する上記排ガス流対向面とを有する。
　上記構成では、排ガスが当たる排ガス流対向面の両側の被支持部をそれぞれ撹乱板支持部材に固定するので、撹乱板支持部材による撹乱板の支持状態が安定する。
　本発明の第３の態様は、第１又は第２の態様の排ガス浄化装置であって、撹乱板の排ガス流対向面は、上流側の対向面頂部から下流側へ傾斜する複数の傾斜面を有する。
　上記構成では、排ガス流対向面が上流側の対向面頂部から下流側へ傾斜する複数の傾斜面を有し、排ガス流対向面に当たった排ガスが各傾斜面に沿って下流側へ流れるので、排ガスの撹拌を円滑且つ確実に行うことができる。
　本発明の第４の態様は、第１～第３の態様の排ガス浄化装置であって、撹乱板の下流側に重なるように配置されて空気を噴出する空気噴出手段を備える。
　上記構成では、撹乱板による撹拌に加えて空気噴出手段から噴出される空気によっても排ガスが撹拌されるので、排ガスの撹拌能力を高めることができる。
　本発明の第５の態様は、第１～第４の態様の排ガス浄化装置であって、撹乱板には、未反応のアンモニアを分解処理するアンモニア分解触媒が担持されている。
　上記構成では、撹乱板に担持されたアンモニア分解触媒によってリークアンモニアが分解処理されるので、アンモニア濃度が高い箇所においてリークアンモニアの濃度を低下させることができる。
　本発明によれば、装置の複雑化や制御の煩雑化やファンの負荷増大を抑えつつ、下流側の機器への酸性硫安の付着堆積を抑制することができる。
本発明の第１実施形態の排ガス浄化装置を含む排煙処理系統の模式図である。 図１の排ガス浄化装置の概略構成を示す断面図である。 図２の排ガス撹乱機構を上流側から視た斜視図である。 排ガス撹乱機構を上流側から視た正面図であり、（ａ）はスライド領域が横３列に並ぶ図３の例の正面図、（ｂ）はスライド領域が横４列に並ぶ変形例の正面図、（ｃ）はスライド領域が横５列に並ぶ他の変形例の正面図である。 撹乱板支持部材と撹乱板との固定部分を示す断面図である。 撹乱板支持部材と撹乱板とを示す斜視図である。 撹乱板支持部材に対する撹乱板の着脱を説明するための断面図であり、（ａ）はスライド溝が閉じられた状態を、（ｂ）はスライド溝が開放された状態をそれぞれ示す。 撹乱板の周囲の排ガスの流れを模式的に示す図である。 第２実施形態の撹乱板の斜視図であり、（ａ）はＬ状に曲折された撹乱板を、（ｂ）は角錘状に形成された撹乱板をそれぞれ示す。 第３実施形態の排ガスの流れを模式的に示す図である。 排ガス浄化装置の変形例の断面図である。
　本発明の第１実施形態に係る排ガス浄化装置について、図面を参照して説明する。なお、図中の矢印Ｄｆは排ガスの流通方向を、Ｄａは燃焼用空気の流通方向を示す。
　図１に示すように、ボイラ（石炭炊きボイラ）１からの排ガスを浄化して大気中に排出する排煙処理系統には、脱硝装置２、空気予熱器（ＡＨ：エアヒータ）３、電気集塵機４及び誘引通風機５が設けられる。なお、ボイラ１は、石炭炊き以外のボイラであってもよい。
　脱硝装置２は、ボイラ１の下流に配置され、排ガス中の窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）を還元除去する。空気予熱器３は、脱硝装置２の下流に配置され、排ガスとの熱交換によって燃焼用空気を加熱する。電気集塵機４は、空気予熱器３の下流に配置され、排ガス中の煤塵（燃焼灰）を捕集除去する。誘引通風機５は、電気集塵機４の下流に配置され、排ガスを誘引して煙突６へ導く。
　ボイラ１と脱硝装置２との間、及び脱硝装置２と空気予熱器３との間は、それぞれ排ガスダクト８、９を介して連通し、ボイラ１内から空気予熱器３へ至るガス流通路の流路断面（排ガスの流通方向Ｄｆと略直交する断面）は、概ね矩形状に形成されている。
　燃焼用空気は、押込通風機７によって空気予熱器３へ導入され、排ガスの熱によって予熱され、空気ダクト１０を流通してボイラ１へ供給される。
　図２に示すように、脱硝装置２は、脱硝反応器１１、触媒層１２、及び複数の還元剤注入ノズル（還元剤注入手段）１３を備える。脱硝反応器１１の内部には、流路断面が矩形状のガス流通路１４が区画される。触媒層１２、及び還元剤注入ノズル１３は、ガス流通路１４に配置され、脱硝反応器１１に対して固定される。
　触媒層１２は、アンモニアを還元剤として排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元除去する脱硝触媒（アンモニア脱硝触媒）と、脱硝触媒を担持する担体とから構成される。触媒層１２は、１層（１段）であってもよく、複数層（複数段）であってもよい。
　還元剤注入ノズル１３は、触媒層１２の上流側のガス流通路１４に配置され、ガス流通路１４を流通する排ガス中へアンモニアを注入する。なお、ボイラ１と脱硝装置２とを接続する排ガスダクト８（図１参照）内のガス流通路に還元剤注入ノズル１３を配置してもよい。
　脱硝装置２と空気予熱器３とを連通する排ガスダクト９は、脱硝反応器１１に接続されて略水平に延びる水平ダクト１５を有し、水平ダクト１５の内部には、流路断面が矩形状のガス流通路１６が区画される。
　図２及び図３に示すように、水平ダクト１５の所定位置には、流路断面に沿って等間隔に並ぶ複数の測定用孔（テスト座）１７が設けられ、測定用孔１７は、蓋体１８によって閉止状態に保持される。リークアンモニア（未反応のアンモニア）の濃度を測定する場合には、蓋体１８が外されて、測定用孔１７からガス流通路１６へ濃度センサ（図示省略）が挿入される。
　測定用孔１７の下流側のガス流通路１６には、排ガス撹乱機構２０が設けられている。排ガス撹乱機構２０は、図３及び図４に示すように、複数の撹乱板支持部材２１と、上固定部材２２と、下固定部材２３と、１又は複数（図３及び図４（ａ）の例では２枚）の撹乱板２４とを備える。撹乱板支持部材２１は、両端の撹乱板支持部材２１Ａと、複数（図３及び図４（ａ）の例では２本）の中間の撹乱板支持部材２１Ｂとから構成される。
　両端の撹乱板支持部材２１Ａは、一側にスライド溝２６を有するＵ状断面の長尺材であり、流路断面の左右両側の側縁に沿って略鉛直方向に直線状に延びる。中間の撹乱板支持部材２１Ｂは、両側にスライド溝２６を有するＨ状断面の長尺材であり、両端の撹乱板支持部材２１Ａの間に等間隔に配置され、略鉛直方向に直線状に延びる。上固定部材２２は、流路断面の上縁に沿って略水平に延びる長尺材であり、下固定部材２３は、流路断面の下縁に沿って略水平に延びる長尺材である。上固定部材２２は、水平ダクト１５の上壁（天井）の内面（下面）に固定され、下固定部材２３は、水平ダクト１５の下壁（底壁）の内面（上面）に固定される。撹乱板支持部材２１の上端及び下端は、隣接する２本の撹乱板支持部材２１のスライド溝２６が互いに対向する状態で、上固定部材２２及び下固定部材２３にそれぞれ固定され、両端の撹乱板支持部材２１Ａは、水平ダクト１５の側壁の内面に固定される。すなわち、両端の撹乱板支持部材２１Ａと上固定部材２２と下固定部材２３とによって流路断面の外縁に沿った矩形枠が構成され、複数の撹乱板支持部材２１が等間隔で略平行に格子状に並ぶ。隣接する２本の撹乱板支持部材２１は、撹乱板２４が鉛直方向に沿ってスライド自在に支持される矩形状のスライド領域２５を区画する。
　本実施形態では、図３及び図４（ａ）に示すように、中間の撹乱板支持部材２１Ｂを２本設置している。両端の撹乱板支持部材２１Ａ及び中間の２本の撹乱板支持部材２１Ｂ（計４本の撹乱板支持部材２１）によって、水平方向に並ぶ横３列（左、中央、右）のスライド領域２５が区画され、中央を除く左右のスライド領域２５にそれぞれ１枚ずつ撹乱板２４が配置されている。
　中間の攪乱板支持部材２１Ｂは、ガス流通路１６の大きさ等に併せて任意の本数を設置することができる。図４（ａ）では中間に２本の撹乱板支持部材２１Ｂを設置した例を示しているが、図４（ｂ）や図４（ｃ）に示すように、中間に３本以上の撹乱板支持部材２１Ｂを設置することができる。図４（ｂ）は、中間に３本の撹乱板支持部材２１Ｂを設置して横４列のスライド領域２５を設けた例であり、図４（ｃ）は、中間に４本の撹乱板支持部材２１Ｂを設置して横５列のスライド領域２５を設けた例である。また、図４（ｂ）や図４（ｃ）に示すように、攪乱板２４は、ガス流通路１６のリークアンモニア分布状況に応じ、攪乱板支持部材２１により区分けされた同一区画（１つのスライド領域２５）に複数設置することができる。図４（ｂ）は、左から２列目のスライド領域２５に２枚の撹乱板２４を設置した例であり、図４（ｃ）は、左から２列目のスライド領域２５に３枚の撹乱板２４を、右端のスライド領域２５に２枚の撹乱板２４をそれぞれ設置した例である。また、攪乱板２４を設置しない区画（スライド領域２５）があってもよい。図４（ａ）及び図４（ｃ）は、中央のスライド領域２５に撹乱板２４を設置していない例である。
　図５及び図６に示すように、撹乱板２４は、排ガス流対向面２７の両側に被支持部２８を一体的に有する矩形平板状であり、両側の被支持部２８は、隣接する２本の撹乱板支持部材２１のスライド溝２６にそれぞれ挿入されて係合する。両側の被支持部２８がスライド溝２６にそれぞれ係合することにより、撹乱板２４は、排ガス流対向面２７が上流側に露出した状態で、スライド領域２５内を撹乱板支持部材２１に沿ってスライド移動可能となる。
　撹乱板支持部材２１には、スライド溝２６を横断して貫通する複数のボルト挿通孔２９が形成されている。複数のボルト挿通孔２９は、撹乱板支持部材２１の延設方向（本実施形態では略鉛直方向）に沿って所定ピッチＰ（例えば３００ｍｍ）で、撹乱板支持部材２１の略全長に亘って直線状に並ぶ。撹乱板２４の被支持部２８には、上記所定ピッチＰの整数倍の距離だけ離間する複数（例えば上下２箇所）のボルト挿通孔３０が形成されている。被支持部２８のボルト挿通孔３０を撹乱板支持部材２１の任意のボルト挿通孔２９に重ね、ボルト挿通孔２９，３０にボルト３１を挿通し、ナット３２を螺合して締付けることにより、撹乱板２４が撹乱板支持部材２１に固定される。ボルト３１による締結を解除してボルト３１をボルト挿通孔２９，３０から抜き、ボルト３１を挿通するボルト挿通孔２９を変えることにより、撹乱板２４の固定位置（本実施形態では上下位置）を所定ピッチＰで変更することができる。このように、撹乱板２４の両側の被支持部２８は、複数本の撹乱板支持部材２１のうち隣り合う任意の２本の撹乱板支持部材２１にそれぞれ解除可能に固定される。
　撹乱板支持部材２１とナット３２との間には、スペーサ３３を介在させている。スペーサ３３を介在させることにより、撹乱板支持部材２１及び撹乱板２４がボルト３１のネジ部と重ならない（雄ネジが形成されていない太径の非ネジ部のみと重なる）ように締結することができ、撹乱板２４を強固に固定することができる。
　図７に示すように、中間の撹乱板支持部材２１Ｂは、水平ダクト１５に固定された状態のまま撹乱板２４の取付け及び取外しを可能とするため、スライド溝２６の一部又は全域が上流側又は下流側へ開放可能に構成されている。本実施形態では、撹乱板支持部材２１Ｂの下部が、下固定部材２３に固定される下流側の固定側部材３４と、固定側部材３４から離脱可能な上流側の可動側部材３５とに分割構成されている。可動側部材３５の上端は、ヒンジ３６を介してその上方の撹乱板支持部材２１に回転自在に連結され、可動側部材３５の下端は、ボルト３７によって下固定部材２３に締結固定される（図７（ａ）参照）。撹乱板２４の追加及び削減（増減）や異なるスライド領域２５への水平方向の移動（固定する撹乱板支持部材２１の変更）等を行う場合、ボルト３７の締結を解除し、ヒンジ３６を中心として可動側部材３５を上流側へ開移動する（図７（ｂ）参照）。これにより、スライド溝２６の上流側が開放され、撹乱板２４の取付け及び取外し（スライド領域２５に対する撹乱板２４の着脱）が可能となる。なお、図４（ｂ）及び図４（ｃ）では、可動側部材３５及びヒンジ３６の図示を省略している。
　このように、複数本の撹乱板支持部材２１は、脱硝触媒（触媒層１２）の下流側に固定的に設けられ、ガス流通路１６を横断するように流路断面内に直線状に延びて並ぶ。撹乱板２４は、上流側に露出する排ガス流対向面２７を有し、流路断面内での位置を変更可能に撹乱板支持部材２１に固定される。
　排ガス撹乱機構２０に設置する撹乱板２４の数と固定位置とは、流路断面においてアンモニア濃度が高いと判定された箇所と排ガスの流通方向Ｄｆに重なるように設定される。
　具体的には、ボイラ１の運転中（又は試験運転中）に、脱硝触媒（触媒層１２）の下流側で且つ排ガス撹乱機構２０よりも上流側のリークアンモニア（未反応のアンモニア）の濃度を、測定用孔１７から挿入した濃度センサによって流路断面内の複数個所で測定する。そして、ボイラ１の運転停止中に、運転中の測定によりアンモニア濃度が高い（他の測定箇所よりも高い）と判定された箇所（１又は複数個所）と排ガスの流通方向Ｄｆに重なるように撹乱板２４を配置して撹乱板支持部材２１に固定する。
　係る状態でボイラ１を運転すると、図８に示すように、アンモニア濃度が高い箇所の排ガスが撹乱板２４の排ガス流対向面２７に当たり撹乱されて周囲の排ガスと混ざり合う（撹拌される）ため、流路断面内でのアンモニア濃度の偏差（平均濃度との差（濃度のバラツキ））が小さくなる。このため、酸性硫安が生成され難くなり、下流側の機器（例えば、空気予熱器３）への酸性硫安の付着堆積を抑制することができる。
　また、長期間の使用等により流路断面内でのリークアンモニアの濃度分布が変動し、運転中の測定によってアンモニア濃度が高い箇所が変位したと判定された場合には、撹乱板２４の固定を解除し、アンモニア濃度が高いと判定された箇所と流通方向Ｄｆに重なるように撹乱板２４を移動して撹乱板支持部材２１に再度固定する。これにより、流路断面内でのリークアンモニアの濃度分布が変動した場合であっても、下流側の機器への酸性硫安の付着堆積を抑制することができる。なお、この場合、撹乱板２４の設置数の増減や異なるスライド領域２５への水平方向の移動を行ってもよい。
　また、撹乱板２４を流路断面の全域ではなく部分的に配置するので、流路断面の全域にアンモニア分解触媒を設ける場合に比べて圧損が増大し難く、排ガスを流通させるファンの負荷の増大を抑制することができる。
　さらに、排ガスが当たる排ガス流対向面２７の両側の被支持部２８をそれぞれ撹乱板支持部材２１に固定するので、撹乱板支持部材２１による撹乱板２４の支持状態が安定する。
　次に、本発明の第２実施形態について、図９を参照して説明する。本実施形態は、撹乱板の形状が第１実施形態と相違するものであり、他の構成は第１実施形態と同様であるため、他の構成についての説明は省略する。
　図９に示すように、本実施形態の撹乱板４０，４１の排ガス流対向面４２，４３には、上流側の対向面頂部４４，４５から下流側へ傾斜する複数の傾斜面４６，４７が設けられている。図９（ａ）は、Ｌ状に曲折した撹乱板４０の例であり、排ガス流対向面４２には、対向面頂部（稜線部）４４から傾斜する２箇所の傾斜面４６が設けられている。図９（ｂ）は、角錘状に形成した撹乱板４１の例であり、排ガス流対向面４３には、対向面頂部４５から傾斜する４箇所の傾斜面４７が設けられている。
　このように、排ガス流対向面４２，４３が上流側の対向面頂部４４，４５から下流側へ傾斜する複数の傾斜面４６，４７を有しているので、排ガス流対向面４２，４３に当たった排ガスが各傾斜面４６，４７に沿って下流側へ流れる。従って、排ガスの撹拌を円滑且つ確実に行うことができる。
　次に、本発明の第３実施形態について、図１０を参照して説明する。本実施形態は、空気噴出ノズル（空気噴出手段）５０を設けたものであり、他の構成は第１実施形態と同様であるため、他の構成ついての説明は省略する。
　空気噴出ノズル５０は、撹乱板２４の下流側に重なるように配置されて下流側へ向けて空気を噴出する。撹乱板２４による撹拌に加えて空気噴出ノズル５０から噴出される空気によっても排ガスが撹拌されるので、排ガスの撹拌能力を高めることができる。
　次に、本発明の第４実施形態について説明する。本実施形態は、第１～第３の実施形態の撹乱板２４，４０，４１に、未反応のアンモニアを分解処理するアンモニア分解触媒を担持させたものであり、他の構成は第１～第３の実施形態と同様であるため、他の構成についての説明は省略する。
　アンモニア分解触媒は、例えば排ガス流対向面２７，４２，４３の表面に薄膜状に固着することにより撹乱板２４，４０，４１に担持され、アンモニア分解触媒によって排ガス中のリークアンモニアが分解処理される。従って、アンモニア濃度が高い箇所においてリークアンモニアの濃度を低下させることができる。
　なお、本発明は、一例として説明した上述の実施形態及び変形例に限定されることはなく、上述の実施形態等以外であっても、本発明に係る技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲であれば、設計等に応じて種々の変更が可能である。
　例えば、上記実施形態では、脱硝装置２と空気予熱器３とを連通する排ガスダクト９の水平ダクト１５内のガス流通路１６に排ガス撹乱機構２０（撹乱板２４，４０，４１）を設けたが、これに代えて、図１１に示すように、排ガスダクト９の垂直ダクト５１内のガス流通路（排ガスの流通方向Ｄｆが鉛直下方となる流通路）５２に排ガス撹乱機構２０を設けてもよい。この場合、複数の撹乱板支持部材は、略水平方向に直線状に延び、撹乱板は鉛直方向と略直交する。
　また、本実施形態では、撹乱板２４が上下方向（鉛直方向）に移動するように撹乱板支持部材２１を配置したが、撹乱板２４が他の方向（例えば水平方向など）に移動するように撹乱板支持部材２１を配置してもよい。
　また、ボルト３１による締結以外の方法（例えば溶接など）によって撹乱板２４を撹乱板支持部材２１に固定してもよい。
　また、撹乱板支持部材２１の形状はＵ状断面やＨ状断面に限定されず、他の形状であってもよい。
１：ボイラ
２：脱硝装置
３：空気予熱器
４：電気集塵機
５：誘引通風機
６：煙突
７：押込通風機
８，９：排ガスダクト
１０：空気ダクト
１１：脱硝反応器
１２：触媒層
１３：還元剤注入ノズル（還元剤注入手段）
１４，１６，５２：ガス流通路
１５：水平ダクト
１７：測定用孔
１８：蓋体
２０：排ガス撹乱機構
２１，２１Ａ，２１Ｂ：撹乱板支持部材
２２：上固定部材
２３：下固定部材
２４，４０，４１：撹乱板
２５：スライド領域
２６：スライド溝
２７，４２，４３：排ガス流対向面
２８：被支持部
２９，３０：ボルト挿通孔
３１，３７：ボルト
３２：ナット
３３：スペーサ
３４：固定側部材
３５：可動側部材
３６：ヒンジ
４４，４５：対向面頂部
４６，４７：傾斜面
５０：空気噴出ノズル（空気噴出手段）
５１：垂直ダクト

Claims (5)

  1. 　ボイラから排出された排ガスが流通するガス流通路に、アンモニアを還元剤として排ガス中の窒素酸化物を還元除去する脱硝触媒を配置し、前記脱硝触媒の上流側の前記ガス流通路を流通する排ガス中へアンモニアを注入する排ガス浄化装置であって、
    　前記脱硝触媒の下流側に固定的に設けられて、前記ガス流通路を横断するように流路断面内に直線状に延びて並ぶ複数本の撹乱板支持部材と、
    　上流側に露出する排ガス流対向面を有し、前記流路断面内での位置を変更可能に前記撹乱板支持部材に固定される撹乱板と、を備えた
    　ことを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置。
  2. 　請求項１に記載の排ガス浄化装置であって、
    　前記撹乱板は、前記複数本の撹乱板支持部材のうち隣り合う任意の２本の撹乱板支持部材にそれぞれ解除可能に固定される両側の被支持部と、前記両側の被支持部の間で上流側に露出する前記排ガス流対向面とを有する
    　ことを特徴とする排ガス浄化装置。
  3. 　請求項１又は請求項２に記載の排ガス浄化装置であって、
    　前記撹乱板の前記排ガス流対向面は、上流側の対向面頂部から下流側へ傾斜する複数の傾斜面を有する
    　ことを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。
  4. 　請求項１～請求項３の何れか１項に記載の排ガス処理装置であって、
    　前記撹乱板の下流側に重なるように配置されて空気を噴出する空気噴出手段を備えた
    　ことを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。
  5. 　請求項１～請求項４の何れか１項に記載の排ガス処理装置であって、
    　前記撹乱板には、未反応のアンモニアを分解処理するアンモニア分解触媒が担持されている
    　ことを特徴とする排ガス処理装置。
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