WO2020043529A1

WO2020043529A1 - Wear control device

Info

Publication number: WO2020043529A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/072154
Authority: WO
Inventors: Martin Zarniko; Frank Schnee
Original assignee: Moba Mobile Automation Ag
Priority date: 2018-08-30
Filing date: 2019-08-19
Publication date: 2020-03-05
Also published as: DE102018214762A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a wear control device for a milling machine having a milling roller, said device comprising a temperature measuring device and an evaluation device. The temperature measuring device is designed to determine, in a contactless manner, a first temperature value for a first milling element and a second temperature value for a second milling element (distributed over a lateral surface of the milling roller along an axis of the milling roller) . The evaluation device is designed to determine a rate of wear for the first and the second milling elements on the basis of the first and the second temperature values.

Description

Wear control device

description

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a device and a method for wear control for a milling machine, in particular a floor milling machine such as a road milling machine, a recycler, a stabilizer or a surface miner. Further exemplary embodiments relate to a construction machine or to a road construction machine with a corresponding device and to a computer program for carrying out the method. In general, exemplary embodiments are in the field of road construction machines, in particular in the field of milling machines for removing and granulating road or road surface coverings, such as asphalt or concrete. In addition to the expansion of roads, milling machines of this type can also be used when mining deposits by milling.

In order to remove a road or road surface, a milling machine usually moves over the layer to be milled, a rotating milling drum, which is equipped with a large number of milling tools (chisels) all around, being lowered into the layer to be milled according to the milling depth, and that Material loosens. The machine can mill the road or road surface both parallel and at a certain inclination to the road surface. During the milling process, the set milling depth can be regulated in relation to a previously defined reference height.

Milling tools (chisels) for road milling machines are designed, for example, as so-called round shank chisels, the chisel heads of which are preferably made of hard metal or hard metal granulate. The quality of the hard metal or hard metal granulate is a decisive factor with regard to the service life of the round shank chisels, ie with regard to the time in which the chisel can be worked without interruption until significant signs of wear occur which require the chisel to be replaced or renewed. The milling tools used are therefore subject to a continuous wear process during the milling process, since the milling tools are exposed to high mechanical and thermal loads. If the milling tools reach a certain state of wear, the tools must be replaced, otherwise the further milling process will lose efficiency and the milling pattern will no longer be homogeneous. The service life of the chisel in turn influences the milling performance of the machine. The state of the art describes some approaches to optimize the milling process.

WO 2003/080935 A1 describes a method and a device for optimizing a cutting process in milling machines for working on road surfaces, with a milling drum equipped with milling tools, which is sprayed with cooling liquid for cooling the milling tools, and with a drive motor. The temperature of the milling tool of the milling drum or several milling tools can be recorded as a representative characteristic value for the current work output, compared with a predefined setpoint temperature value and the quantity of coolant supplied regulated depending on the difference between the setpoint temperature value and the measured temperature value become. In this way, the cooling capacity of the cooling liquid can be regulated as a function of the current working capacity of the milling drum.

Furthermore, DE 100 07 253 A1 discloses a roller for mobile milling machines, in particular for working on road surfaces, on the circumferential surface of which a large number of chisels are arranged, the chisel heads of which, when the roller rotates, circular tracks with widths essentially corresponding to the respective effective widths of the chisel heads describe, whereby the chisel heads engage in the area of their effective width in a surface to be machined and thereby remove surface material. It should also be possible for a heat sensor to be arranged in the roller, which detects the heating of the roller and reports it to a control unit, so that, depending on this heating, a spray nozzle acting as a cooling device, from which a coolant is applied to the roller is sprayed on and off.

EP 3 162 959 A1 describes a milling machine and a method for operating a milling machine, the milling machine being able to be assigned different types of milling drums. The milling machine is assigned at least one means which is designed to detect at least one characteristic feature of the milling drum. The milling machine is assigned a reader for active or for passive transponders as a means of detecting the characteristic feature of the built-in milling drum, directly or indirectly, and an active or passive transponder is stored in or on the milling drum, in which a label is stored. The transponder can be arranged in or on a tool holder or in or on a milling tool of the milling drum. However, the prior art does not describe how the degree of wear of the milling bits (generally milling elements) can be determined in a simple and efficient manner. Therefore there is a need for an improved approach.

The object of the present invention is to create a concept for determining the degree of wear which has a good compromise between simple handling, accuracy and selectivity (with regard to the worn milling elements).

The task is solved by the independent claims.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a device for wear control for a milling machine with a milling drum. This milling drum comprises at least a first and a second milling element arranged distributed on an outer surface of the milling drum along an axis (longitudinal axis) of the milling drum. For example, the milling elements are distributed along a row parallel to the axis or at an angle. The device comprises a temperature measuring device which is designed to contactlessly determine a first temperature value for the first milling element and a second temperature value for the second milling element. The evaluation device is designed to determine a degree of wear for the first and the second milling element on the basis of the first and the second temperature value.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are based on the knowledge that a wear state of the milling tools (chisels) can be determined directly during the milling process or during a brief interruption of the milling process or immediately after the milling process on the basis of temperature measurements. The background to this is that the milling tool heats up during the milling process, e.g. B. due to friction between the chisel tips and the material to be milled when removing the material and as a result of additional heating of the milling drum. In particular, milling tools that are already worn and are in use for a longer period of time heat up more quickly during the milling process, since the friction between the tool tips and the material to be milled is greater than with newer and less worn milling tools. The cutting speed also has a direct influence on the temperature increase at the chisel tip. By using a temperature measuring device for the individual monitoring of each milling tool, the state of wear can be estimated (e.g. by an absolute temperature comparison or also a relative temperature comparison). A device for checking wear therefore comprises means for Temperature monitoring, in particular for wireless or contactless temperature monitoring, such as, for example, infrared sensors, the infrared sensors preferably being designed such that the chisel tips can be monitored separately. It is advantageous here that the degree of wear per milling element can be clearly determined by the separate monitoring and so it can be seen exactly which milling element is to be replaced. The fact that a contactless temperature detection is used, no change to the construction machine is necessary, but only an attachment of the device for wear control, z. B. in the roller housing parallel to the roller. On the one hand, this enables the retrofitting of existing construction machinery and, on the other hand, the simple (usual) maintenance of the milling drum.

According to further exemplary embodiments, the device can also be suitable for monitoring a milling drum with a further milling element which is arranged in a row along or at an angle with the first and second milling elements. For this purpose, the temperature measuring device is designed, for example, to contactlessly record a third temperature value for a further milling element and the evaluation device is designed to determine degrees of wear for the third milling element, taking into account the third temperature value. According to exemplary embodiments, the milling elements are so on the milling drum, z. B. arranged along the longitudinal axis that the position along the longitudinal axis is unique for the respective milling element. It is then possible in this way that by arranging the temperature measuring device parallel to the milling drum on the basis of the temperature values along the longitudinal axis it can be recognized which milling element has increased wear. According to further exemplary embodiments, if the milling elements are arranged in several rows along the longitudinal axis, the position along the longitudinal axis together with the angle of rotation of the milling drum can clearly lead to an identification of the respectively measured milling element.

According to exemplary embodiments, the temperature measuring device is designed as an array with at least two temperature measuring elements. Here, for example, each temperature measuring element can be assigned to a milling element, e.g. B. by the temperature measuring elements are also arranged in a row parallel to the row of milling elements. According to further exemplary embodiments, the array extends over the entire width of the milling drum. In this variant, too, a one-to-one assignment of the temperature measuring elements to lateral positions of the milling elements would be conceivable. According to an alternative variant, the temperature measuring device can also be movable be arranged along the axis of the milling drum, so that the temperature measuring device is always repositioned during operation of the milling drum in order to be assigned to the first and to the second milling element and to determine clearly assigned temperature values. All of these exemplary embodiments enable a direct determination of the respective temperature value for the respective milling element.

According to further exemplary embodiments, the evaluation device is designed to determine the degree of wear of the milling elements on the basis of a relation between the first and second temperature values or generally on the basis of the relation between temperature values. For this purpose, for example, a difference between the temperature values is compared with a threshold value and a degree of wear is output as a function of the threshold value. For example, it would be conceivable that an increase in a temperature value by 50% compared to another temperature value suggests that a degree of wear should be assessed as too high, that an exchange of the milling element belonging to the temperature value is recommended. As an alternative to this, it would also be conceivable for a degree of wear to be determined on the basis of absolute first and second temperature values or generally on the basis of absolute temperature values. For this purpose, the respective temperature value is then compared with a threshold value, for example, in order to determine the degree of wear. For example, it would be conceivable that from a certain operating temperature (which is dependent, for example, on the roller speed and the ambient temperature) it is determined that a maximum degree of wear has now been reached and that a change in the milling element belonging to the temperature value is recommended.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the evaluation device is designed to form an average value from the measured temperature values of the individual milling elements along the milling drum axis and thus to determine on the basis of the relationship between the individual temperature values and the mean value formed whether one or more individual temperature values suggest that a The degree of wear of the corresponding milling tools must be assessed as too high. For example, it would be conceivable that an increase in a temperature value in the range of 10% to 50% compared to the mean value formed suggests that a degree of wear should be assessed as too high, so that an exchange of the milling element belonging to the temperature value is recommended. The specified threshold, from when a degree of wear is to be assessed as too high, can be set or changed in the evaluation device. Such an average value evaluation would be advantageous, for example, when milling substrates of different hardness, since the milling elements heat up to a greater or lesser extent depending on the substrate. According to exemplary embodiments, the device can include a radio interface in order to transmit measurement data externally on the one hand. This is advantageous because the degree of wear can be read out, e.g. B. by the machine operator. This radio interface can, for example, connect the device to the existing machine control. According to further exemplary embodiments, the radio interface could also be used to identify a current first or second milling element if, for example, each milling element comprises a tag / RFID tag. The radio interface could also be used to transmit threshold values to be set to the evaluation device.

A further exemplary embodiment creates a method for checking the wear of a milling machine. The method comprises the central steps of contactless detection of a first temperature value of the first milling element and a second temperature value of the second milling element. Based on this, a degree of wear for the first and second milling element is determined. This method can also be implemented in the form of a computer program. A further exemplary embodiment therefore relates to a computer program with a program code for carrying out the method when the program code runs on a computer.

According to further exemplary embodiments, a construction machine, such as, for example, a road construction machine or a milling machine, in particular a floor milling machine such as a road milling machine, a recycler, a stabilizer or a surface miner, is created with a corresponding device. For example, the device can be arranged in a roller housing (belonging to a milling roller of the construction machine) parallel (generally along) to the roller. According to exemplary embodiments, the device can also comprise a protective shield, which is provided against the direction of rotation of the roll between the roll and the temperature measuring device and serves to prevent damage to the device from debris parts flying around. To protect the device from debris flying around, a protective glass would also be conceivable, which is arranged accordingly on or in front of the temperature measuring device, ie on or in front of the means for temperature monitoring. The protective glass is designed in such a way that it is permeable for non-contact temperature measurement (for example, permeable to measurement signals from infrared sensors) and that it is made strong enough so that it is damaged as little as possible by debris flying around. Advantageously, the protective glass by the Machine personnel can be easily replaced, for example if this is so badly damaged that a reasonable temperature measurement is no longer possible.

To protect the device from debris flying around, it would also be conceivable to arrange it rotatably, so that the side of the device on which the temperature monitoring means are arranged does not point in the direction of the milling drum during the milling process. This has the advantage that the debris parts flying around during the milling process do not strike the side of the device on which the temperature monitoring means are arranged. Thus, the "sensitive" part of the device is mainly protected against damage during the milling process, which means a longer service life of the device. It is conceivable that the device is rotated about its longitudinal axis, for example. ⁰ 180 or behind a protective flap which can be arranged on the Fräswalzengehäuse disappears. A temperature measurement would therefore only be possible during a short interruption of the milling process or immediately after the milling process, ie if the milling machine has no feed in the direction of travel (milling machine is stationary). As a rule, during a short interruption of the milling process (for example when changing the truck to which the milled material is being conveyed), the milling drum continues to run at the rotational speed required during the milling process, so that it is too far in this phase fewer pieces of debris flying around and far less dust is raised than during the milling process. This means that for a temperature measurement during a brief interruption of the milling process or immediately after the milling process, the device for temperature measurement is rotated about its longitudinal axis in this way (means for temperature monitoring then point in the direction of the milling drum again) or one The protective flap on the milling drum housing protecting the device is opened in such a way that a temperature measurement of the milling tools is possible. If the milling machine continues the milling process (milling machine has feed in the direction of travel again), the device is turned back to a protected position or disappears behind the protective flap.

According to additional exemplary embodiments, it would also be conceivable that not only one but several of the devices for wear control are provided.

Further training is defined in the subclaims. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained with reference to the accompanying drawing. Show it: 1 shows a schematic illustration of a device for checking wear according to a basic exemplary embodiment;

2a and 2b show a schematic illustration of a road milling machine to explain the technical background;

3a, 3b, 4a, 4b are schematic representations of a milling drum;

5 shows a schematic illustration of a milling drum in connection with a device for wear control comprising a temperature measuring array according to exemplary embodiments;

6 shows a schematic illustration of a milling drum in connection with a device for wear control with a movable temperature measuring device according to a further exemplary embodiment;

7 shows a schematic illustration of a milling drum with a plurality of temperature measuring devices for wear control in accordance with further exemplary embodiments; and

8 shows a schematic illustration of a system for wear control including a device for wear control according to exemplary embodiments.

Before an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawing, it should be pointed out that elements and structures having the same effect are provided with the same reference symbols, so that the descriptions of these can be applied to one another.

1 shows a milling drum 16 which rotates about an axis A. The milling drum 16 comprises a lateral surface 16M, on which a plurality or at least two milling elements, e.g. B. milling chisel 30 are arranged. In the present exemplary embodiment, the at least two (solid lines) or the plurality (solid and dashed lines) of the milling elements 30 extend on a line along the axis A. As shown, can also be in a second row, eg. B. offset to the first row, further milling elements 30 may be provided. With this arrangement, the position along the axis A is therefore clearly assigned to the respective milling element 30.

In the vicinity of the milling drum 16, here along the axis A, a temperature measuring device 50 extends, which is arranged in such a way that it can detect or determine a temperature of the milling elements 30 without contact. In accordance with preferred exemplary embodiments, the temperature measuring device 50 is arranged, for example, inside the milling drum housing (not shown), so that the temperatures of the milling tools 30 can be determined without contact. As shown here, the non-contact temperature measuring device 50 preferably extends over the entire width of the milling drum 16. For this purpose, the temperature measuring device therefore has a plurality of infrared arrays lined up in the direction of the milling drum axis A, which records the temperature of the individual row of chisels during the milling process .

The temperature measuring device 50 is connected to an evaluation device 60 which evaluates temperature values determined by means of the temperature measuring device 50 in order to determine a degree of wear or information about the degree of wear of the milling elements 30.

According to exemplary embodiments, the temperature measuring device 50, as shown here, can be designed as an array 50 extending along the axis A with, for example, a plurality of temperature measuring elements 50M. Each temperature element 50M, such as an infrared pixel, is assigned to a milling element 30 in accordance with the longitudinal position. It is thus ensured that the first temperature measuring element 50M determines the temperature of the first milling element 30 or outputs a corresponding temperature value. The average of the second, third, ... temperature values is analogous to this. These temperature values are forwarded by the temperature measuring device 50 to the evaluation device 60. According to alternative exemplary embodiments, an infrared camera can also be provided instead of the array 50 or also a movable element (e.g. an infrared sensor which is movably arranged over the width of the milling drum 16, as will be explained in further exemplary embodiments).

Now that the structure of the basic exemplary embodiment of the device for the degree of wear has been described, the mode of operation will now be discussed, with different milling drum variants being explained first. io

For a better explanation, it is first described how chisels 30 are arranged on the milling drum 16 of a mobile milling machine. For example, in DE 100 07 253 A1 known from the prior art, a large number of chisels 30 are arranged distributed on a lateral surface 16M of the cylindrical or tubular milling drum 16, e.g. so that the milling elements are lined up in succession along the direction of the roller. The chisels can be arranged along a helical line, the slope of which is selected such that the areas of action (areas of the angular width of the chisel heads 30 in a surface to be machined when the material is removed) each have chisel heads 30 lying one behind the other in the surface to be machined ( not shown) overlap. Despite the overlap and the helical line, each chisel can be assigned a clear longitudinal position. If several lines are provided around the milling drum 16, this can take place, at least taking into account the angle of rotation of the drum 16 in combination with the longitudinal position on the drum 16. Seen in the direction of the milling axis A, the distances between the chisels immediately behind one another are smaller than the angular widths of their chisel heads 30 corresponding to the respective diameters. In simple terms, it can be said that the milling tools or chisels 30 are arranged on the milling drum 16 in spiral lines can. With this arrangement, on the one hand a largely smooth and homogeneous milling pattern is generated, on the other hand, the milled material is guided from the outer areas of the milling drum 16 to the central area during the milling process and can thus be better on a conveyor belt lying in front of the milling drum 16 ( not shown) are transported.

EP 2 554 747 A1 discloses a further arrangement of the chisels 30 on a milling drum 16, in which the milling tools (chisels 30) are arranged in the circumferential direction of the milling rotor along imaginary lines running parallel (parallel or obliquely to the axis A), which consist of at least one section of the same length of a left-handed and a right-handed helix. If the outer surface 16M of the milling drum 16 is unwound, it can be said in a simplified manner that the milling tools (chisels) are arranged in zigzag lines with four alternating sections of equal length around the milling drum 16. To determine a milling head 30 from the large number of milling heads, the rotation angle of the roller 16 is taken in connection with the position of the chisel 30 along the longitudinal axis A in this variant.

Different types of milling drums are used depending on the requirements of the substrate to be removed. Standard milling drums or universal milling drums are used for removal of asphalt surface courses or asphalt binder courses, but also for concrete milling work or the complete removal of carriageways. So-called fine milling drums are used to remove road markings or to increase grip by roughening up road surfaces, which have a significantly higher number of milling tools (chisels) than standard milling drums or universal milling drums, whereby these milling tools are also arranged closer to the milling drum. Fine milling drums create a finer surface profile of the milled surface than standard or universal milling drums. The line spacing in the surface profile that results from the interventions of the round shank chisels in the carriageway denotes the distance from the cutting round shank chisel to the closest cutting round shank chisel. Fine milling drums produce a smaller line spacing than standard or universal milling drums.

Thus, starting from the angle of rotation and / or the longitudinal position, a position can be clearly assigned to a chisel, so that a temperature value for this position corresponds to the temperature of the chisel.

Therefore, the temperature measuring device 50 is designed to carry out temperature measurements during the milling process or during a brief interruption of the milling process or immediately after the milling process, regardless of the arrangement of the milling tools 30 on the milling drum 16 and / or regardless of different milling drum types, and to assign these temperature measurements to a milling cutter 30 . A wear status of the milling tool (chisel) can be determined from the temperature measurement values per chisel. The background to this is that, as already explained, an increased degree of wear is regularly expressed by an increased temperature. This increased temperature can either be determined absolutely by comparing the threshold value with a certain threshold value or also relatively by comparing the temperature values of different chisels 30. An absolute temperature value that would have to be exceeded in order to reliably recognize a worn chisel would not be absolutely necessary. According to further exemplary embodiments, the degree of wear detection can also be based on the fact that a change in temperature value, e.g. B. is evaluated during the first few minutes during the milling process. For the relative temperature measurement of the individual milling chisels 30, the measured temperature values are compared with one another or with one another, as a result of which a single worn chisel can be identified. For example, a maximum difference in temperature values can be given by a predefined threshold value, which is an increased degree of wear or a indicates worn out condition. It is also conceivable that an average value can be formed from the measured temperature values of the individual milling tools 30 along the milling drum axis A and thus determine on the basis of the relationship between the individual temperature values and the average value formed whether one or more individual temperature values suggest that a Degree of wear of the corresponding milling tools 30 must be assessed as too high. For example, it would be conceivable that an increase in a temperature value in the range of 10% to 50% compared to the mean value formed suggests that a degree of wear should be assessed as too high, so that an exchange of the milling element 30 belonging to the temperature value is recommended . The specified threshold, from when a degree of wear is to be assessed as too high, can advantageously be set or changed in the evaluation device 60.

The evaluation device 60 carries out this determination of the degree of wear on the basis of the temperature values from the temperature measuring device 50. The basic exemplary embodiment described here offers the advantages of a simple and inexpensive check of the wear state of milling cutters without the bits having to be examined individually and the operation having to be interrupted. The milling chisels can remain directly arranged on the milling drum of the milling machine without having to remove anything. The location of the temperature measuring device can be freely selected within the roller housing. This enables easy measurement for existing machines in the field.

At this point it should be noted that the temperature values are preferably determined during operation. However, it is also possible to determine temperature values during a short interruption of the milling process or immediately after the milling process. Since, assuming an infrared element as part of the temperature measuring device 50, the infrared element only has a rigid focus on the roller 16, the temperature value is only ever at a point in time at which the chisel 3 due to the rotation the roller 16 is located at the corresponding position.

The detailed application area of the device explained with reference to FIG. 1, as well as extended variants and modifications, are described below with reference to FIGS. 2a to 8.

FIG. 2a schematically shows a self-propelled road milling machine 10 as an example of a construction machine for processing roadways 20 or floor surfaces 20. The Road milling machine 10 has a machine frame 11 and a chassis 12. The chassis 12 of the milling machine 10 comprises four chain drives 13A to 13D, which are arranged on the front and rear of the machine frame 11. The self-propelled road milling machine 10 also has a milling device 15 which is arranged below the machine frame 11. To adjust the height of the machine frame 11 (and the milling device 15) relative to the surface 20 of the floor, the self-propelled construction machine 10 has a lifting device 14A to 14D above the individual chain drives 13A to 13D. By retracting and extending the lifting columns of the lifting devices 14A to 14D, the height of the milling device 15 relative to the floor surface 20 can be adjusted.

Fig. 2b further shows the milling device 15 in an enlarged and side view, which che a milling drum 16 and a milling drum drive 17 (see Fig. 1) comprises. The milling drum 16 is essentially cylindrical or tubular and is arranged in a milling drum housing 18 which surrounds the milling drum 16 towards the machine frame 11. The milling drum housing 18 is located below the machine frame 11 between the front and rear chain drives 13A to 13D. The milled milled material 1 is removed with a conveyor 19 arranged on the front of the machine frame 11. The milling drum 16 equipped with milling tools 30 rotates about an axis of rotation A, which runs transversely to the working or feed direction F of the milling machine 10, the milling drum 16 extending over the working width of the machine 10. As shown in FIG. 2b, the roadway 20 or ground surface 20 is milled off by the road milling machine 10. In further operations, i.e. H. subsequent milling operations, the underlying layers 21 and 22 can then be milled. The floor surface 20 can be, for example, an asphalt surface course, the layers 21 and 22 underneath, for example, an asphalt binder layer 21 and an asphalt base layer 22.

3a shows the milling device 15 in an enlarged and simplified side view. In the present exemplary embodiment, the milling tools 30, which are inclined relative to a lateral surface 16M of the milling drum 16, are round shank chisels 30 which have a cap-shaped chisel tip 31 made of particularly wear-resistant material, for example hard metal. The chisel tip 31 is firmly connected to a chisel body 32 which is interchangeably inserted in a chisel holder 33. To fasten the chisel to the chisel body 32, the chisel has a cylindrical chisel shank (not shown in detail here) by which the chisel is held in the chisel body 32 becomes. A detailed description of this is given, for example, by EP 3 162 959 A1, which was mentioned at the beginning of the prior art.

When the milling machine 10 is operating, the milling drum 16 rotates in the direction labeled D in order to remove the roadway 20. The milling tools 30 and in particular the chisel tip 31 are exposed to severe wear, i. H. can wear out or even break off. Therefore, the round chisel 30 must be exchanged regularly.

According to a further embodiment, FIG. 3b shows the milling device 15 comparable to that shown in FIG. 3a, but now with RFID chips 75 arranged on the milling tools 30. The RFID chips 75 can either be in the area of the bit body 32 or else in the bit holder 33 be arranged. The RFID chip 75 is preferably arranged in the area of the chisel shank, as described in EP 3 162 959 A1 mentioned above. The transponder (RFID chip) 75 can be designed as an active or passive transponder. In it, among other things, an identifier is stored which indicates the type of chisel 30 as the inserted milling tool and the mounting position of the chisel 30 on the milling drum 16. In order to read out the data from the RFID chip 75 and to identify or determine the position of the milling tools 30 on the To be able to carry out milling drum 16, an additional RFID reading device 76 is necessary, which is arranged within the milling drum housing 18 and is described further below with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8.

4A and 4B, one looks into the working space 16R of the milling device 15, specifically in the direction of the working or feed direction F of the milling machine 10. For the sake of simplicity, only a part of the milling chisel 30 present on the milling drum 16 is shown. posed. In order to explain the invention, milling cutters pointing in the direction of the upper part of the milling drum housing 18 are shown lying in a row and labeled accordingly from left to right, for example as 30B, 30K or as 30L. The chisel tips 31, the temperature of which is to be determined with the present invention, are also designated accordingly, for example as 31 B, 31 K or as 31 L.

4B, the development of the milling drum 16 with the milling chisels 30 is shown schematically. This illustration shows that the milling chisels 30 are arranged as described in DE 100 07 253 A1 known from the prior art, ie the Milling chisels 30 are arranged on the milling drum 16 in spiral lines 40, 42 and 44, as a result of which the milled material 1 is guided from the outer regions of the milling drum 16 to the central region during the milling process and thus better on a conveyor belt 19 lying in front of the milling drum 16 (not shown in Fig. 4) can be transported. For example, the milling cutters 30B, 30K and 30L each lie on a line 40, 42 and 44 running from the outside inwards, ie in the direction of the center of the milling drum.

Seen along the axis of rotation A of the milling drum 16, the milling bits 30 are also arranged spirally, i. H. the milling chisels 30 are arranged offset one behind the other so that only one chisel 30B, 30K and 30L is arranged on the lines 41, 43 and 45 running parallel to the axis of rotation A of the milling drum 16. An exception are the milling chisels 30A and 30M arranged on the outer edges of the milling drum 16 (see in particular FIG. 5), which lie both in succession on a line and also transverse to the axis of rotation A of the milling drum 16.

When the machine 10 moves in the working or feed direction F and the milling drum 16 rotates against the working or feed direction F, one milling cutter 30 after another engages in new tracks in the road surface 20, so that each milling cutter 30 has new particles for it forms the milled material 1, which the milling drum 16 immediately throws up into the receiving area of the conveyor 19. The lines 40, 42 and 44 which wind helically around the circumference of the milling drum 16 run towards one another on the underside of the milling drum 16, so that this already gives a preferred direction for the flight of the milling material 1 to the center of the receiving area of the conveying device 19.

FIG. 5 essentially shows the illustrations of the milling device 15 shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, but with the relation of FIGS. 4A and 4B to one another. The lines 46A, 46B, 46K, 46L and 46M shown in FIG. 5 make it clear once again that the helical arrangement and offset along the milling drum axis A of the milling cutter 30 on the milling drum 16 or on its lateral surface 16M (represented by lines 40, 42 and 44) there is only one milling cutter 30 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation A of the milling drum 16 (an exception are the milling chisels 30A and 30 M arranged on the outer edges of the milling drum 16, as described above). The representation in FIGS. 4A and 5 above accordingly shows only a certain number of the milling chisels 30 present on the milling drum 16 or on its outer surface 16M. A temperature measuring device 50 is arranged above the milling cutter 3 arranged on the milling drum 16 or on the lateral surface 16M of the milling drum 16. The temperature measuring device 50 is preferably releasably attached (for example screwed, riveted, etc.) to the milling drum housing 18 and consists of a plurality of individual infrared arrays 51A to 51M, by means of which the temperature of the milling bits 30A to 30M correspondingly located below can be measured without contact. According to the present example, the contactless temperature measuring device 50 should actually consist of a total of 34 individual infrared arrays 51 so that temperature values of all the chisels 30 arranged on the milling drum 16 can be determined. Because on the spiral lines (exemplified by the reference numerals 40, 42 and 44) there are a total of 32 milling cutters 30 for which 32 infrared arrays 51 are required, plus one infrared array for each of the chisels 30A and 30M located on the outer edge. For a clearer representation and in particular to explain the invention, however, only a certain number of the milling chisels 30 present on the milling drum 16 or on its outer surface 16M are shown in the upper part of FIG. 5, as described above. The milling bits 30 shown in the upper area of FIG. 5 are set by the lines 46A, 46B, 46K, 46L and 46M in relation to the lower area of FIG. 5 and marked accordingly. This makes it clear once again that only one milling cutter 30 is present on the milling drum 16 or on its outer surface 16M (represented by lines 40, 42 and 44) in a plane intended perpendicular to the axis of rotation A of the milling drum 16.

With 34 individual infrared arrays 51 and a complete rotation of the milling drum 16, all milling chisels 30 arranged on the milling drum 16 or on its outer surface 16M would thus be detected by the non-contact temperature measuring device 50. The recorded temperature values are then sent to a signal reception and evaluation unit, not shown. This can be arranged, for example, on the driver's cab of the milling drum 10, so that the milling machine operator has a direct view of the state of wear.

Furthermore, a (rotation) angle sensor 70 is arranged on the side of the milling drum 16 shown in FIG. 5, by means of which the angular position of the milling drum 16 can be determined. Given a comparatively high number of milling chisels 30 on a milling drum 16, for example a fine milling drum, it may be helpful to indicate the position of the milling drum 16 by means of a (rotation) angle sensor 70. This is because the location of a defective or worn milling cutter 30, the temperature of which was greatly increased during the milling process, can be simplified by an additional position specification. A communication device 60 is arranged on the side of the milling drum housing 18 shown in FIG. 5 and is connected to the non-contact temperature measuring device 50 by means of a cable connection 61. As an alternative to the signal reception and evaluation unit described above, the communication device 60 can receive the detected temperature values. Via an antenna 62, which is arranged on the communication device 60, the temperature values of the milling bits recorded by the temperature measuring device 50 can then be! 30 and position information of the milling drum 16 are sent wirelessly to a mobile device 100 (see FIG. 8). The communication device 60 is preferably arranged outside the milling device 15 or the milling drum housing 18 in order to be able to establish a trouble-free connection with the mobile device 100. A further description is given below in connection with FIG. 8.

6 shows a further and alternative embodiment of the temperature measuring device 50. Via a displacement device 80, the non-contact temperature measuring device 50 can be displaced across the entire width of the milling drum 16 in the directions designated B across the working or feed direction F of the milling machine 10 (along the axis of rotation A of the milling drum 16). The temperature measurement device 50 preferably consists of only one infrared array 51. The displacement device 80 essentially consists of a drive 81 and a displacement rod 82, which is connected to the temperature measurement device 50. Together with the signal from the (rotation) angle sensor 70, the individual positions of the milling chisel 30 arranged on the milling drum 16 or on its outer surface 16M can be approached exactly and thus the temperature values of all on the milling drum 16 or on its outer surface 16M can be arranged - th milling cutter 30 are detected by the non-contact temperature measuring device 50.

In the area of the non-contact temperature measuring device 50, an RFID reading device 76 can additionally be arranged, which likewise via the displacement device 80 transversely to the working or feed direction F of the milling machine 10 (along the axis of rotation A of the milling drum 16) over the entire width of the milling drum 16 can be moved in the directions marked B. In addition to a temperature measurement by the contactless temperature measuring device 50, data stored in the RFID chips 75 of the milling cutter 30 can preferably be read wirelessly by the RFID reading device 76. Also shown in FIG. 6 is a communication device 60 arranged laterally on the milling drum housing 18, which is connected by means of a cable connection 61 to the displacement device 80, to the contactless temperature measuring device 50 and to the RFID reading device 76. Via an antenna 62, which is arranged on the communication device 60, temperature values of the milling cutter 30 recorded by the temperature measuring device 50, position information of the milling drum 16 (signals of the (rotation) angle sensor 70 and signals of the displacement device 80) and / or by means of the RFID Reading device 76 read data of the RFID chips 75 wirelessly to a mobile device 100 (see FIG. 8). Here too, the communication device 60 is preferably arranged outside the milling device 15 or the milling drum housing 18 in order to be able to establish a trouble-free connection with the mobile device 100. A further description is given below in connection with FIG. 8.

FIG. 7 shows (similarly to FIG. 2) the milling device 15 in an enlarged and lateral representation, in particular examples for an attachment location of the temperature measuring device 50 described above and (if present) the displacement device 80 and the RFID reading device 76 within the Milling drum housing 18 are to be shown. Possibilities for an attachment location of the temperature measuring device 50 and (if present) the displacement device 80 and the RFID reading device 76 would be, according to FIG. 7, directly above the milling drum 16 or behind the milling drum 16 (shown on the right in the figure).

To protect the device 50 from debris flying around, a protective glass would also be conceivable, which is correspondingly on or in front of the temperature measuring device 50, i. H. is arranged on or before the means for temperature monitoring. The protective glass is designed in such a way that it is permeable for a non-contact temperature measurement (e.g. permeable for measurement signals from infrared sensors) and on the other hand is made strong enough so that it is damaged as little as possible by debris flying around. In an advantageous manner, the protective glass can easily be replaced by the machine personnel if it is damaged, for example.

To protect the device 50 from flying debris parts, it would also be conceivable to arrange it rotatably, so that the side of the device 50 on which the temperature monitoring means are arranged or the temperature monitoring during the milling process does not point in the direction of the milling drum 16 ( away position). This has the advantage that the debris flying around during the milling process do not hit the side of the device 50 on which the temperature monitoring means are arranged. Thus, the “sensitive” part of the device 50 is mainly protected against damage during the milling process, which means a longer service life of the device. It is conceivable that the device 50 is rotated about its longitudinal axis (equal to the axis of rotation A of the milling drum 16) by, for example, 180 ° or behind a protective flap (also called a pivotable protective shield, not shown here), which are arranged on the milling drum housing 18 can, disappears. A temperature measurement would therefore only be possible during a brief interruption of the milling process or immediately after the milling process, ie when the milling machine 10 has no feed in the direction of travel F (milling machine 10 is stationary). As a rule, during a brief interruption of the milling process (e.g. when changing the truck onto which the milled material (milled material 1) is being conveyed), the milling drum 16 is allowed to continue to run at the rotational speed required during the milling process, so that it is in this phase far less debris flying around and also far less dust whirling up than during the milling process. This means that for a temperature measurement during a brief interruption of the milling process or also immediately after the milling process, the device 50 for temperature measurement is rotated about its longitudinal axis (equal to the axis of rotation A of the milling drum 16) (means for temperature monitoring) then point again in the direction of the milling drum 16) or a protective flap on the milling drum housing 18 protecting the device 50 is opened in such a way that a temperature measurement of the milling tools 30 is possible. If the milling machine 10 continues the milling process (milling machine 10 again has feed in the direction of travel F), the device 10 is rotated again into a protected position or disappears again behind the protective flap. In order to prevent the temperature measuring device 50 and (if present) the displacement device 80 and the RFID reading device 76 from being damaged by whirled or flying milled material 1 during the milling process, it is possible to provide a corresponding protective device 90 in front of the temperature measuring device on the milling drum housing 18 50 or the displacement device 80 or the RFID reading device 76. The protective device 90 can have a corresponding shape in order to derive the milled material 1, for example a curved shape as shown in FIG. 7.

The above statements regarding a protective glass on or in front of the measuring device 50, in particular an exchangeable protective glass, as well as a rotation of the measuring device 50 and / or arrangement of the measuring device 50 behind a protective flap also apply to the displacement device 80 and the RFID Reading device 76. 8 essentially shows a communication of the devices on the milling machine 10 with mobile devices 100. Data, such as temperature data from the temperature measuring device 50 and / or position data from the (rotation) angle sensor 70 or the displacement device 80, can be connected via a connection 68. and / or data of the RFID chips 75 read out by the RFID reading device 76 are sent to a mobile device 100. As a result, a machine operator or site manager can always check the state of wear of the milling cutter 30 and thus the quality of the milling process. The data can be displayed graphically on the mobile device in a preferred manner, for example by means of a color display in which temperature values are shown in correspondingly graded colors. By means of the data of the RFID chips 75 read out by the RFID reading device 76, milling cutters 30, the wear state of which makes an exchange necessary, can be localized on the basis of their identification.

The RFID chip in the chisel is used for identification or position determination. The RFID signal can be read out, for example, by means of a reading module integrated in the temperature measuring device 50 or coupled to the temperature measuring device 50. This reading module is generally arranged inside the milling drum housing. The reading device reads data from the RFID chip, such as an identifier that is assigned to an assembly position of the chisel on the milling drum.

According to exemplary embodiments, each RFID chip can also have a temperature measuring element integrated, so that the temperature measuring device 50 is then designed as an RFID reading device and the temperature values are determined wirelessly in that it receives a temperature value from the RFID chip. By transmitting the temperature values, for example with an identification number associated with the RFID chip, it is also possible to uniquely identify each chisel.

In this context, however, it is also conceivable that data are sent to the devices on the milling machine 10 via the mobile device 100, for example position data for the displacement device 80. This would enable positions of milling cutters 30 to be approached in a targeted manner and thus a temperature of one or more Milling bits 30 are checked. With reference to FIG. 1, it should therefore be noted that the temperature measuring device 50 described as a temperature measuring array can have two temperature measuring elements in the simplest variant for determining two independent temperature values for two chisels. Alternatively, as already explained, a displaceable individual temperature element would also be possible. A combination of these two variants would also be conceivable, so that the temperature measuring device 50 is arranged to be movable, ie displaceable transversely to the milling direction (in the direction of the milling axis of rotation A), the array consisting of at least one temperature measuring element, but preferably of several temperature measuring elements, so that during the Only a few rows of chisels can be measured. All of these three variants can of course be combined with the concept of redundancy. Thus, according to one exemplary embodiment, the device for checking wear comprises at least two temperature measuring devices with, for example, infrared arrays lined up in the interior of the milling drum housing. This redundancy increases the measuring accuracy.

Each of these temperature measuring devices explained can be supplemented by means for protection against milling material being flung about.

With regard to the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1 and in particular to the evaluation device 60, it should be noted that this can also have communication means in order to make the information relating to the degree of wear or at least the temperature values readable on a mobile device (smartphone or laptop). In accordance with exemplary embodiments, instead of the evaluation device 60 connected by a cable, the evaluation device 60 can also be integrated into the smart device, in which case the temperature measurement values are read out by the temperature measurement device 50 (for example by radio communication means of the temperature measurement device 50) in order to then be evaluated externally.

Although some aspects have been described in connection with a device, it goes without saying that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or a component of a device is also to be understood as a corresponding method step or as a feature of a method step. Analogously, aspects that have been described in connection with or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of a corresponding device. Some or all of the method steps can be carried out by a hardware apparatus (or using a Hardware apparatus), such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, some or more of the most important process steps can be carried out by such an apparatus.

Depending on the specific implementation requirements, exemplary embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or in software. The implementation can be performed using a digital storage medium, such as a floppy disk, DVD, Blu-ray disc, CD, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM or FLASH memory, hard drive, or other magnetic or optical memory can be carried out, on which electronically readable control signals are stored, which can interact with a programmable computer system or cooperate in such a way that the respective method is carried out. The digital storage medium can therefore be computer-readable.

Some exemplary embodiments according to the invention thus comprise a data carrier which has electronically readable control signals which are able to interact with a programmable computer system in such a way that one of the methods described here is carried out.

In general, exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product with a program code, the program code being effective in performing one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.

The program code can, for example, also be stored on a machine-readable carrier.

Other exemplary embodiments include the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein, the computer program being stored on a machine-readable medium.

In other words, an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is a computer program that has a program code for performing one of the methods described here when the computer program runs on a computer. A further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) on which the computer program for carrying out one of the methods described herein is recorded. The data carrier, the digital storage medium or the computer-readable medium are typically objective and / or non-transitory or non-temporary.

A further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data stream or a sequence of signals which represents the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. The data stream or the sequence of signals can be configured, for example, to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.

Another exemplary embodiment comprises a processing device, for example a computer or a programmable logic component, which is configured or adapted to carry out one of the methods described herein.

Another embodiment includes a computer on which the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein is installed.

A further exemplary embodiment according to the invention comprises a device or a system which is designed to transmit a computer program for carrying out at least one of the methods described herein to a receiver. The transmission can take place electronically or optically, for example. The receiver can be, for example, a computer, a mobile device, a storage device or a similar device. The device or the system can comprise, for example, a file server for transmitting the computer program to the recipient.

In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (e.g., a field programmable gate array, an FPGA) can be used to perform some or all of the functionality of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a field programmable gate array can cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. In general, the methods in some embodiments are described by one any hardware device performed. This can be universally usable hardware such as a computer processor (CPU) or hardware specific to the method, such as an ASIC.

The devices described herein can be implemented, for example, using a hardware apparatus, or using a computer, or using a combination of a hardware apparatus and a computer.

The devices described herein, or any components of the devices described herein, can be at least partially implemented in hardware and / or in software (computer program).

For example, the methods described herein can be implemented using a hardware device, or using a computer, or using a combination of a hardware device and a computer.

The methods described herein, or any components of the methods described herein, may be performed at least in part by hardware and / or software.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It should be understood that modifications and variations in the arrangements and details described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention be limited only by the scope of protection of the following patent claims and not by the specific details that were presented on the basis of the description and explanation of the exemplary embodiments herein. Reference list

1 milled material

10 milling machine

11 machine frames

12 undercarriage

13A-D chain drives

14A-D lifting device

15 milling device

16 milling drum

16M lateral surface of milling drum

16R milling drum working area

17 milling drum drive

18 milling drum housing

19 conveyor

20 road surface

21, 22 lower soil layers

30 milling tools (chisels)

30A / B / K / L / M milling tools (chisels) A, B, K, L and M

31 B / K / L chisel tips milling tools (chisels) B, K and L

31 chisel tip

32 chisel bodies

33 chisel holder

40.42.44 Line arrangement of milling tools

41.43.45 Lines of milling tools along the axis of rotation 46A / B / K / L / M Lines of milling tools

50 temperature measuring device

51 Infra red array

51A / B / K / L / M infrared arrays A, B, K, L and M

60 communication device

61 Cable connection

62 antenna

68 radio connection

70 (rotation) angle sensor

75 RFID chip (RFID transponder)

76 RFID reading device / RFID radio receiver 80 slider

81 drive

82 sliding bar

90 protection device

100 mobile device

101-103 Mobile device

105 communication interface

A axis of rotation of milling drum

B Direction of movement

D Direction of rotation of milling drum

F Working or feed direction milling machine

Claims

claims

1. Device for checking wear for a milling machine (10) with a milling drum (16), which has at least a first and a second on a lateral surface (16M) of the milling drum (16) distributed along an axis (A) of the milling drum (16) arranged milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M), with the following features: a temperature measuring device (50), which is designed to obtain a first temperature value for the first milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) and a second temperature value for the second milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) without contact; and an evaluation device (60) which is designed to determine a degree of wear for the first and the second milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) on the basis of the first and the second temperature value.

2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the milling drum (16) has a further milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M), which on the lateral surface (16M) with the first and second milling element (30, 30A, 30B , 30K, 30L, 30M) is distributed along a row or an oblique row; and / or wherein the temperature measuring device (50) is designed to contactlessly record a third temperature value for a further milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) and the evaluation device (60) is designed, taking into account the third temperature value determine a degree of wear for the third milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M).

3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and the second milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) or the first, the second and a further milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) are arranged so that the position along the axis (A) is unique for the respective milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M), or that the position along the axis (A) together with a rotation angle is unique for the respective milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M).

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature measuring device (50) comprises an array with at least two temperature measuring elements.

5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the first of the two temperature measuring elements is assigned to the first milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) and the second of the at least two temperature measuring elements is assigned to the second milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) is assigned.

6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the array extends over the entire width.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the temperature measuring device (50) is arranged movably along the axis (A) and / or wherein the temperature measuring device (50) is designed to be opposite to the first during the operation of the milling drum (16) and assigned to the second milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M).

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation device (60) is designed to determine the degree of wear of the first and second milling elements (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) on the basis of a relation of the first and second temperature values determine; and / or wherein the evaluation unit is designed to compare a difference between the first and second temperature values with a threshold value and, depending on the threshold value, the degree of wear of the first and second milling elements (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) to determine; and / or wherein the evaluation unit is designed to form an average of the first and second temperature values and to determine the degree of wear of the first and second milling elements (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) based on a relation of the first or second temperature value to determine the mean.

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit is designed to determine the degree of wear of the first and second Determine milling elements (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) on the basis of the absolute first and second temperature values; and / or wherein the evaluation unit is designed to compare the first and second temperature values with a threshold value in order to determine the degree of wear of the first and second temperature elements.

10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises a radio interface which is designed to transmit measurement data externally; and / or wherein the above radio interface comprises, which is designed to identify a currently measured first or second milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M).

11. Method for checking the wear of a milling machine (10) with a milling drum (16) which has at least a first and a second milling element () distributed on an outer surface (16M) of the milling drum (16) along an axis (A) of the milling drum (16) 30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) with the following steps: contactless detection of a first temperature value of the first milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) and a second temperature value of the second milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M), and

Determining a degree of wear for the first and the second milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) on the basis of the first and second temperature values.

12. Computer program with a program code for execution when the program code runs on a computer, the method according to claim 11.

13. Construction machine (10), in particular milling machine (10), with the milling drum (16) and a device according to one of claims 1 to 10.

14. Construction machine (10) according to claim 13, wherein the device is arranged in a roller housing (18) along or parallel to the roller.

15. Construction machine (10) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the device has a protective shield (90) or a protective glass against the direction of rotation of the roller between the roller and the temperature measuring device (50); or wherein the temperature measuring device (50) is rotatable in order to protect the temperature measuring device (50) in a position facing away from the roller, or wherein the device comprises a pivotable protective shield which can be positioned between the roller and the temperature measuring device (50).

16. Construction machine (10) according to one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the construction machine

(10) comprises a second temperature measuring device (50) which is configured to record a first temperature value for the first milling element (30, 30A, 30B, 30K, 30L, 30M) and a second temperature value for the second milling element (30, 30A, 30B) , 30K, 30L, 30M) without contact.