WO2020043052A1 - 一种反吊升降器 - Google Patents

一种反吊升降器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020043052A1
WO2020043052A1 PCT/CN2019/102530 CN2019102530W WO2020043052A1 WO 2020043052 A1 WO2020043052 A1 WO 2020043052A1 CN 2019102530 W CN2019102530 W CN 2019102530W WO 2020043052 A1 WO2020043052 A1 WO 2020043052A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rope
shaft
brake
gear
rocker
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/102530
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈伟晓
Original Assignee
陈伟晓
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201811011799.9A external-priority patent/CN108853766B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201821425061.2U external-priority patent/CN209005085U/zh
Application filed by 陈伟晓 filed Critical 陈伟晓
Publication of WO2020043052A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020043052A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62BDEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an anti-lifting elevator.
  • the present invention proposes an anti-lifting lifter which is convenient and easy to carry out, and can perform functions such as manual control of personal safe landing, mid-air stop operation, manual ascent, etc. without external power assistance.
  • An anti-lifting lifter includes:
  • Rope climbing unit under the action of driving force, rotates the rope axis to store the rope and realize the overall climbing of the anti-lifting elevator;
  • the gravity descent unit reverses the rope winding shaft under the action of the wearer's gravity to release the rope to realize the lowering of the anti-lifting elevator, and the braking unit controls the lowering of the anti-lifting elevator. .
  • the anti-lifting elevator provided by the present invention designs the climbing unit and the descent unit as two relatively independent mechanisms, and realizes the overall climbing of the anti-lifting elevator under the driving force, and can provide multiple braking especially during the descent to make the descent process It is safer, more simple and controllable, and can be widely used in the fields of alpine exploration, high-rise operation, and high-rise escape.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hidden shell according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an assembly schematic diagram of a main shaft and a rotating column in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an assembly schematic diagram of a first active braking unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a start controller of a first active braking unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second active braking unit and a passive braking unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a rope arranging device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an assembly schematic diagram of a reciprocating lead screw, a slider and a positioning shaft of a rope arranging device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an external structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • An anti-lifting lifter is designed to include two independent moving mechanisms of a rope-running climbing unit and a gravity drooping unit, wherein the rope-running climbing unit rotates a rope-running shaft under the action of a driving force to store the rope and realize anti-lift
  • the lifter ascends as a whole; a gravity descent unit reverses the rope winding shaft under the action of the wearer's gravity to release the rope, realizes the anti-hoist lifter to descend, and realizes the anti-lifting by a braking unit Lifter control.
  • the gravity descent unit for descent is designed as a mechanism having a relatively independent motion pair with the rope climbing unit, so that the gravity descent unit receives the protection and control of the braking unit when the rope is lowered, and the rope is wound.
  • the climbing unit is not affected by the braking unit in the gravity descent unit when it is rising.
  • the rope climbing unit includes a rope 1, a rope shaft 2, and a driving unit.
  • One end of the rope 1 is provided with a connector for connecting and fixing with a safety fixture.
  • the connector adopts a quick buckle 3, and the other end is connected to the rope winding shaft 2 so as to be wound around the rope winding shaft 2 for storage.
  • the rope winding shaft 2 is connected to a driving unit, which is controlled by the driving unit.
  • the rope winding shaft 2 rotates the rope.
  • the driving unit (not shown) can be powered by a motor or manually according to the design requirements.
  • the gravity droop unit includes a main shaft 4 and a braking unit.
  • the main shaft 4 passes a unidirectional bearing.
  • the anti-lifting lifter of the present invention provides a bracket 6 and a mounting plate 7, wherein the material of the bracket 6 can be selected according to the application field while ensuring the strength.
  • the overall shape of the bracket 6 is flat, and it can also be designed to fit the curved surface of the back according to ergonomic design, and a safety belt 8 is provided for the wearer to carry.
  • the safety belt 8 may include a shoulder belt, a waist belt, and a leg tie.
  • the mounting plates 7 on both sides may have a double-layer structure to facilitate the installation of the gear set described later.
  • the main shaft 4 in the above embodiment solution The whole is installed in the rope winding shaft 2 through a one-way bearing 5, and the two ends of the main shaft 4 are respectively installed on two mounting plates 7 through two main shaft bearings 9.
  • the braking unit includes a first active braking unit provided on the left side of the main shaft 4.
  • the first active braking unit includes a chuck, a ratchet wheel 10, a pawl (not labeled), The clutch rope (labeled in Figure 4) and the starter controller.
  • the chuck is provided with two pieces, namely the first chuck 11, the second chuck 12, the first chuck 11, the second chuck 12 and
  • the main shaft 4 is connected and in surface contact with the ratchet wheel 10 through the first friction plate 13 and the second friction plate 14 respectively, and the ratchet wheel 10 is hinged to the main shaft 4 or the first chuck 11 or the second chuck 12.
  • the ratchet wheel 10 When the ratchet wheel 10 is not restricted by the pawl, because of the friction between the ratchet wheel 10 and the first chuck 11 and the second chuck 12, it can rotate synchronously with the main shaft 4, the first chuck 11 and the second chuck 12.
  • the pawl is mounted on the left-side mounting plate 7 and is connected to one end of the clutch rope, and the other end of the clutch rope is connected as a control end to a start-up controller so that the pawl is in the Engagement or disengagement with the ratchet wheel 10 is achieved under the control of a starter controller. In the initial state, the ratchet wheel 10 cannot rotate due to the restriction of the pawl.
  • the disc 11 and the second chuck 12 need to overcome the frictional force with the ratchet wheel 10 to rotate, thereby restricting the rotation of the main shaft 4, preventing the rope 1 from being pulled out of the anti-lifting elevator, and also preventing the anti-lifting elevator from dropping suddenly.
  • the main shaft 4 is provided with a knob 15 that can be moved along the axial direction of the main shaft 4 to adjust the friction between the first chuck 11, the second chuck 12 and the ratchet wheel 10 through the knob 15. .
  • the startup controller includes a startup button 16, a first anti-straightening tooth 17, a back-pulling gear 18, and a second anti-straightening tooth 19.
  • the starting button 16 and the first The anti-straightening teeth 17 are connected and provided with a first return spring 20 for resetting.
  • the start button 16 drives the first anti-straightening teeth 17 to be pressed down.
  • the toothed surface is meshed with the anti-pulling gear 18, the anti-pulling gear 18 is meshed with the tooth surface of the second anti-straightening tooth 19, and the second anti-straightening tooth 19 is connected to the clutch rope through a connecting member
  • the control end of 21 is connected, and the second anti-straightening tooth 19 is pulled up by the first anti-pulling gear 18 to pull the clutch rope 21, thereby controlling the pawl to disengage from the ratchet 10; when the start button 16 is released, the first A back-straightening tooth 17 drives the back-straightening gear 18 and the second back-straightening tooth 19 to reset, thereby loosening the clutch rope 21 and controlling the pawl to mesh with the ratchet wheel 10.
  • the braking unit includes a second active braking unit provided on the right side of the main shaft 4.
  • the second active braking unit includes a drum brake 22 that is installed on the rope winding shaft 2.
  • the drum brake 22 is installed on the inner side of the right end of the rope winding shaft 2.
  • the initial state of the drum brake 22 is a braking state, and is controlled by an active controller to prevent the anti-lifting elevator from descending rapidly.
  • the above active controller may be designed as a control panel, or may be manually controlled as adopted in the following embodiments, specifically:
  • the active controller includes a descending rocker 23 (labeled in FIG. 1), a first universal joint 24, a control shaft 25, and a drum brake driving arm 26 connected to the control shaft 25.
  • V-shaped swing arm 27, and the V-shaped swing arm 27 is located within the rotation stroke range of the drum brake driving arm 26 (the drum brake driving arm 26 is driven by the control shaft 25, and the motion track is a reciprocating arc motion, non-circular motion ), So that the drum brake driving arm 26 can move the V-shaped swing arm 27 when rotating, thereby realizing that the lowering rocker 23 dials the V-shape through the drum brake driving arm 26 when it is pressed down Swing arm 27, when the lowering rocker 23 is lifted, the drum brake drives the arm 26 to disengage from the V-shaped swing arm 27; one end of the V-shaped swing arm 27 is connected to the drum through a thrust spring 47, a connecting rod 48 The control end of the brake 22 is drivingly connected.
  • the other end of the V-shaped swing arm 27 is connected with a second return spring 28.
  • the V-shaped swing arm 27 pushes the thrust spring 47, and the thrust spring 47 generates The pushing force pushes the connecting rod 48 so that the drum brake generates braking force in the initial state; when the drum brake swing arm 26 dials the V-shaped swing arm 27 Therefore, the driving force of the thrust spring 47 is reduced, and the braking force generated by the drum brake is reduced, so that the drum brake 22 is controlled by the lowering rocker 23.
  • the second return spring 28 is connected to an adjustment block 49, and the adjustment block is fixedly connected to an adjustment screw 50.
  • the adjustment screw 50 is mounted on the right mounting plate through a fixing block 51 containing an internal thread, Rotating the adjusting screw 50 changes the position of the adjusting block 49, and then adjusts the pulling force of the second return spring 28 to change the initial braking force of the drum brake.
  • the down rocker 23 is placed in a horizontal position through the first universal joint 24. At this time, the initial state of the drum brake 22 is not affected, and safety is still maintained for the braking state.
  • the down rocker 23 is depressed, the down rocker 23
  • the lever 23 drives the control shaft 25 to rotate through the first universal joint 24, and the control shaft 25 further drives the drum brake driving arm 26 to rotate.
  • the drum brake driving arm 26 rotates a certain angle, the V-shaped swing arm 27 is turned.
  • V-shaped swing arm 27 is drivingly connected to the drum brake 22 to control the lowering rocker 23 to relax the drum brake 22 and lower; to raise the lowering rocker 23 to a horizontal position, that is, to lower the rocker 23 .
  • the drum brake driving arm 26 is released from the swing of the V-shaped swing arm 27 when turning, and the V-shaped swing arm 27 is reset by the second return spring 28, and the braking state of the drum brake 22 is gradually restored. .
  • the starting controller shown in FIG. 4 is provided in the lowering rocker 23 as a whole, except that the starting button 16 may be provided at the end of the lowering rocker 23.
  • the straightening tooth 19 is located in the lowering rocker 23, and the clutch rope 21 can also pass through the lowering rocker 23 to connect with the pawl. It is convenient for the user of the anti-lifter to control the start button with his thumb and the lowering rocker 23 with his palm. Control the descent speed.
  • the first active braking unit and the second active braking unit in the solution of the foregoing embodiment refer to providing braking force to the gravity drooping unit in an initial state.
  • the first active braking unit is to prevent the anti-lifting elevator from dropping suddenly.
  • the second active braking unit lowers the speed manually.
  • the anti-lifting elevator provided by the present invention also provides a passive braking unit, that is, in the initial state, no braking force is provided to the gravity drooping unit, and further control of the anti-lifting elevator is realized only by manual operation:
  • the braking unit further includes a passive braking unit including a holding brake 29 which is installed on the right side of the rope winding shaft 2 and controlled by a passive controller. Operate the passive controller to enable the anti-hoist lifter to achieve emergency braking.
  • the passive controller includes a descending rocker 23, a first universal joint 24, a control shaft 25, and a brake-brake driving arm 52.
  • the control shaft 25 is hinged with a brake-brake swing arm 30, and the descending rocker
  • the lever 23, the first universal joint 24, and the control shaft 25 can be shared with the descending rocker 23, the first universal joint 24, and the control shaft 25 of the active controller in the second active braking unit.
  • the holding brake swing arm 30 It is located within the rotation stroke range of the holding brake driving arm 52 (the holding brake driving arm 52 is driven by the control shaft 25, and the motion track is reciprocating arc motion, non-circular motion).
  • the holding brake driving arm 52 rotates a certain angle, it is dialed back Move the holding brake swing arm 30, and the free end of the holding brake swing arm 30 is connected to the holding brake 29 to lift the holding brake 29 from the initial horizontal position by controlling the lowering rocker 23, The brake in the emergency state is realized. By controlling the lowering rocker 23 to recover from the lifting position to the initial horizontal position, the holding brake 29 is released.
  • the control of the second active braking unit and the passive braking unit is realized through a lowering rocker 23, and the operation mode conforms to human actions and thinking habits: the lowering rocker 23 is depressed from the initial horizontal position, The anti-hoist lifter is slowly lowered, and the lowering speed is controlled by adjusting the depression position; the lowering rocker 23 is lifted from the initial horizontal position to realize braking in an emergency state.
  • the driving unit includes a connected climbing rocker 31 (labeled in FIG. 1), a second universal joint 32, a transmission shaft 33, a transmission gear 34, and a clutch gear 35.
  • a connected climbing rocker 31 (labeled in FIG. 1)
  • a second universal joint 32 Under the control of the climbing rocker 31, it engages or disengages with the rope winding gear 36 on the rope winding shaft 2 to realize the stepwise rotation of the rope winding shaft 2 and further accommodate the rope 1 to realize anti-lifting and lifting
  • the device climbs as a whole.
  • the driving unit further includes a gear driving arm 37, which is mounted on an outer ring of a driving bearing 39, and an inner ring of the driving bearing 39 is mounted on the driving shaft to drive the gear 37 Hinged to the transmission shaft 33, and adjusting the friction between the gear driving arm 37 and the transmission shaft 33 or the transmission gear 34 through an adjustment screw 38, when the transmission shaft 33 rotates forward (climbing action), the gear
  • the driving arm 37 drives the clutch wheel 35 under the action of friction, meshes the clutch wheel 35 with the winding gear 36, and applies pressure to the clutch wheel 35 to prevent the clutch wheel 35 from disengaging after the clutch wheel 35 and the winding gear 36 mesh.
  • the free end of the arm 37 is provided with an arc-shaped groove, and the axle of the clutch gear 35 is located in the arc-shaped groove. Both ends of the axle of the clutch gear 35 are respectively installed in the arc-shaped holes of the mounting plate to limit the position.
  • the arc-shaped hole is concentric with the transmission shaft 33, so that the clutch gear 35 meshes with the rope winding gear 36 on the rope winding shaft 2 when the clutch gear 35 rotates forward under the control of the climbing rocker 31, and Reverse rotation under the control of the climbing rocker 31 Roping gear 236 from the shaft.
  • the rope arranging device includes a reciprocating lead screw 40, a slider 41, and a positioning shaft 42.
  • the reciprocating lead screw 40 is connected to the rope winding shaft through a gear set 43. 2 transmission connection, which makes the reciprocating screw 40 rotate by rotating the rope shaft 2.
  • the reciprocating screw 40 is provided with two thread grooves with the same pitch and opposite rotation directions. The two ends of the thread groove and the body of the reciprocating screw 40 are A wedge-shaped surface is formed at the transition point.
  • a slide block 44 hinged to the slide block 41 is provided inside the slide block 41. The slide block 44 is connected to one of the thread grooves of the reciprocating screw 40.
  • the cross section of the slide block 44 is The length is greater than the gap length at the intersection of the two thread grooves.
  • the moving block 44 does not switch the movement track by itself before reaching the end of the reciprocating screw 40, so that the slider 41 on the reciprocating screw 40 is realized.
  • the slider 41 is reciprocated, and the slider 41 is also slidably connected to a positioning shaft 42 parallel to the reciprocating screw 40 to prevent the slider 41 from rotating.
  • One end of the rope 1 passes through the slider from the through hole. After 41, it is connected to the rope winding shaft 2 to realize automatic rope arranging during the climbing process of the anti-lifting elevator.
  • a housing 46 is provided on the outside of the bracket 6 to cover the rope climbing unit and the gravity descent unit.
  • the housing 46 is made of a hard material such as a metal plate and hard plastic with a fireproof function. There are reinforcing ribs, and the lower part of the shell has a rounded structure.
  • the anti-lifting elevator provided by the present invention can realize that an individual can carry the product by himself and move to the desired destination.
  • the specific operation is as follows: First, find a fixed object in the place where you need to land, such as: trees, large stones, pillars, doors, guardrails, etc., first strap the device's safety belt 8 to your body and fasten it, and pull out the device with one hand
  • the rope 1 connects the quick buckle to the fixed object, and controls the lowering rocker 23 with one hand, and presses the start button 16 on the end of the lower rocker 23 with a female finger, and pulls out the rope 1 to be able to fasten the fixed object to the landing point. And then release the start button 16 to fix the length of the rope 1 and prepare for landing.
  • the climbing rocker 31 by one hand Before landing, make sure that the landing position is controlled by one hand, the climbing rocker 31 by one hand, and the descending rocker 23 by one hand. You can adjust the fixing point by shaking the climbing rocker 31. An appropriate distance between the landing points of the rope 1 to prevent the rope 1 from slackening and to avoid affecting the landing difficulty.
  • the descending rocker 23 and the climbing rocker 31 are returned to the initial positions to prepare for landing.
  • the descending rocker 23 is slowly lowered, the person also slowly descends.
  • the descending speed is lowered by the descending rocker 23 Control: shake down fast, pull up slowly, pull back to the original position to stop descending.
  • This equipment can be designed with automatic reducer to prevent manual operation from falling too quickly.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种反吊升降器,包括:绕绳爬升单元,在驱动力作用下使绕绳轴旋转以将绳索收纳,实现反吊升降器整体爬升;重力垂降单元,在佩戴者重力作用下反转所述绕绳轴以将所述绳索释放,实现所述反吊升降器下降,并通过制动单元实现对所述反吊升降器下降的控制。本发明提供的反吊升降器将爬升单元和垂降单元设计成两个相对独立的机构,在驱动力作用下实现反吊升降器整体爬升,尤其在下降时可提供多重制动,使得下降过程更安全,且更加简单可控。

Description

一种反吊升降器 技术领域
本发明一种反吊升降器。
背景技术
现代社会高速发展。近年来,高层建筑越发普遍,各大城市高楼林立。在我们享受科技高度发达的经济时代娱乐生活的同时,很多高层建筑的安全问题逐渐显露出来了。如高山探险、高楼作业、火灾、地震等问题显得尤为突出。
技术问题
目前在高山探险、高楼作业中,主要采用绳索、安全带、夹绳下降器等设备。原有的产品在降落控制上,只要操作不慎、不熟练,绳索若碰到水油或设备发生故障,非常危险。在上升方面必须有外界力量上拉或吃力攀绳,出外不易带与回收不方便存在的缺陷。高楼逃生目前的产品采用绳索缓冲器,在降落过程中,速度不能自主控制,在复杂环境下,难以避开障碍物,不能自主的空中停止、上升,而且容易卡绳。
技术解决方案
为解决上述问题,本发明提出了一种方便易带,在没有外界动力辅助下,能够实现在手动控制高空个人安全降落、半空停止作业、手动上升等功能的反吊升降器。
一种反吊升降器,包括:
绕绳爬升单元,在驱动力作用下使绕绳轴旋转以将绳索收纳,实现反吊升降器整体爬升;
重力垂降单元,在佩戴者重力作用下反转所述绕绳轴以将所述绳索释放,实现所述反吊升降器下降,并通过制动单元实现对所述反吊升降器下降的控制。
有益效果
本发明提供的反吊升降器将爬升单元和垂降单元设计成两个相对独立的机构,在驱动力作用下实现反吊升降器整体爬升,尤其在下降时可提供多重制动,使得下降过程更安全,且更加简单可控,可广泛适用于高山探险、高楼作业、高楼逃生等领域。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1为本发明实施例隐藏外壳后的结构示意图;
图2为图1中主轴、旋转柱装配示意图;
图3为本发明实施例第一主动制动单元装配示意图;
图4为本发明实施例第一主动制动单元之启动控制器结构示意图;
图5为本发明实施例第二主动制动单元及被动制动单元结构示意图;
图6为本发明实施例驱动单元结构示意图;
图7为本发明实施例排绳器结构示意图;
图8为本发明实施例排绳器之往复丝杠、滑块以及定位轴装配示意图
图9为本发明实施例外部结构示意图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的实施方式
一种反吊升降器,设计为包括了绕绳爬升单元和重力垂降单元两个独立的运动机构,其中绕绳爬升单元在驱动力作用下使绕绳轴旋转以将绳索收纳,实现反吊升降器整体爬升;重力垂降单元,在佩戴者重力作用下反转所述绕绳轴以将所述绳索释放,实现所述反吊升降器下降,并通过制动单元实现对所述反吊升降器下降的控制。
上述设计方案,将用于下降的重力垂降单元设计为与绕绳爬升单元具有相对独立运动副的机构,使重力垂降单元在释放绳索下降时收制动单元的保护及控制,而绕绳爬升单元在上升时则不受重力垂降单元中制动单元的干涉。
以下是上述核心内容的实现方式:
如图1、2所示,所述绕绳爬升单元包括绳索1、绕绳轴2以及驱动单元,所述绳索1的一端设有用于与安全固定物连接固定的连接器,本实施例中的连接器采用快速卡扣3,另一端与所述绕绳轴2连接以便于缠绕在所述绕绳轴2上进行收纳,所述绕绳轴2与驱动单元连接,由所述驱动单元控制所述绕绳轴2旋转绕绳,驱动单元(暂未标示)可以根据设计需要采用电机或由人工提供动力;所述重力垂降单元包括主轴4、制动单元,所述主轴4通过单向轴承5安装于所述绕绳轴2内,使所述绕绳轴2在旋转绕绳时与所述主轴4相对旋转,并使所述主轴4在所述单向轴承5限制下带动所述绕绳轴2反向旋转以释放绳索1,集合通过所述制动单元(暂未标示)提供的制动力,使所述反吊升降器的下降安全可控。
上述实施方案中,为实现绕绳爬升单元、重力垂降单元的组装,本发明的反吊升降器提供了支架6及安装板7,其中支架6材料在保证强度的同时可根据应用领域进行选择;此外支架6造型整体为平板状,也可以根据人体工程设计为贴合背部的弧面形状,并提供安全带8以供佩戴者背负,其中安全带8可以包括肩带、腰带以及腿部绑带;在所述支架6的下方两侧分别设有安装板7,本实施例中两侧的安装板7可以是双层结构以便于后叙齿轮组的安装,上述实施例方案中的主轴4整体通过单向轴承5安装于所述绕绳轴2内,该主轴4的两端则分别通过两个主轴轴承9安装于两侧的安装板7。
结合图3、4所示,所述制动单元包括设于主轴4左侧的第一主动制动单元,所述第一主动制动单元包括夹盘、棘轮10、棘爪(未标示)、离合绳(图4中标示)以及启动控制器,本实施例中夹盘设有两片,分别为第一夹盘11、第二夹盘12,第一夹盘11、第二夹盘12与所述主轴4连接并通过第一摩擦片13、第二摩擦片14分别与所述棘轮10呈面接触,所述棘轮10与所述主轴4或第一夹盘11或第二夹盘12铰接,在棘轮10不受棘爪限制时因棘轮10与第一夹盘11、第二夹盘12之间的摩擦力存在,可与主轴4、第一夹盘11及第二夹盘12同步转动;所述棘爪安装在左侧的安装板7上,并与所述离合绳的一端连接,所述离合绳的另一端作为控制端与启动控制器连接,以使所述棘爪在所述启动控制器的控制下实现与所述棘轮10啮合或脱离,在初始状态,棘轮10受棘爪的限制不能转动,第一夹盘11、第二夹盘12需要克服与棘轮10的摩擦力才能转动,从而限制了主轴4的转动,防止绳索1从反吊升降器中抽出,也防止所述反吊升降器突发性下降。所述主轴4上设有可沿所述主轴4轴向移动的旋钮15,以通过所述旋钮15调节所述第一夹盘11、第二夹盘12与所述棘轮10之间的摩擦力。
结合图4所示,本实施例所述启动控制器包括启动按键16、第一反拉直齿17、反拉齿轮18、第二反拉直齿19,所述启动按键16与所述第一反拉直齿17连接,并设有用于复位的第一复位弹簧20,当按下启动按键16时,启动按键16带动第一反拉直齿17下压,所述第一反拉直齿17的齿面与所述反拉齿轮18啮合,所述反拉齿轮18与所述第二反拉直齿19的齿面啮合,所述第二反拉直齿19通过连接件与所述离合绳21的控制端连接,在第一反拉齿轮18的带动下将第二反拉直齿19上提从而扯动离合绳21,进而控制棘爪脱离棘轮10;当松开启动按键16时,第一反拉直齿17带动反拉齿轮18、第二反拉直齿19复位,从而放松离合绳21,进而控制棘爪与棘轮10啮合。
结合图5所示,所述制动单元包括设于主轴4右侧的第二主动制动单元,所述第二主动制动单元包括鼓刹22,所述鼓刹22安装于绕绳轴2,本实施例中鼓刹22安装于绕绳轴2的右端内侧,所述鼓刹22初始状态为制动状态,并由主动控制器控制,防止所述反吊升降器急速下降。上述主动控制器可以设计为操控面板,也可以如下述实施例中的采用通过人工控制,具体的:
继续结合参考图5,所述主动控制器包括相连接的下降摇杆23(图1中标示)、第一万向节24、控制轴25以及鼓刹带动臂26,所述控制轴25铰接有V形摆臂27,且所述V形摆臂27位于所述鼓刹带动臂26的转动行程范围内(鼓刹带动臂26受控制轴25带动,运动轨迹为往复弧线运动,非圆周运动),以使所述鼓刹带动臂26在转动时能够拨动所述V形摆臂27,进而实现所述下降摇杆23在下压时通过所述鼓刹带动臂26拨动所述V形摆臂27,在所述下降摇杆23提升时所述鼓刹带动臂26脱离所述V形摆臂27;所述V形摆臂27的一端通过推力弹簧47、连杆48与所述鼓刹22的控制端传动连接,所述V形摆臂27的另一端连接有第二复位弹簧28,在第二复位弹簧28的拉力下,V形摆臂27推动推力弹簧47,推力弹簧47产生推动力将所述连杆48推压,使鼓刹在初始状态即产生制动力;当鼓刹摆臂26拨动V形摆臂27,使得推力弹簧47的推动力减小,鼓刹产生制动力减少,实现通过所述下降摇杆23控制所述鼓刹22。
上述实施例方案中,第二复位弹簧28连接于一调节块49,调节块固定连接于一调节螺杆50,调节螺杆50通过一含有内螺纹的固定块51安装在右侧安装板上,可通过旋转调节螺杆50改变调节块49的位置,进而调整第二复位弹簧28的拉力,改变鼓刹的初始制动力。
使用时,通过第一万向节24将下降摇杆23置于水平位置,此时鼓刹22的初始状态不受影响,依然为制动状态保证安全,在下压下降摇杆23时,下降摇杆23通过第一万向节24带动控制轴25转动,控制轴25进一步带动所述鼓刹带动臂26转动,当鼓刹带动臂26转动一定的角度后拨动所述V形摆臂27,所述V形摆臂27的一端与所述鼓刹22传动连接,以通过控制所述下降摇杆23实现放松鼓刹22实现下降;抬起下降摇杆23至水平位置,即下降摇杆23复位过程中,鼓刹带动臂26在回转时脱离了对V形摆臂27的拨动,V形摆臂27在第二复位弹簧28的作用下复位,进而逐渐恢复鼓刹22的制动状态。
此外,图4中所示启动控制器整体设于下降摇杆23中,唯启动按键16可以设于下降摇杆23的端部,第一反拉直齿17、反拉齿轮18、第二反拉直齿19位于下降摇杆23内,离合绳21也可以从下降摇杆23中穿过与棘爪连接,方便反吊升降器使用者用大拇指操控启动按钮,用手掌操控下降摇杆23控制下降速度。
上述实施例方案中的第一主动制动单元、第二主动制动单元,是指在初始状态即对重力垂降单元提供制动力,第一主动制动单元为防止反吊升降器突然下降,第二主动制动单元为实现手动控速下降。
此外,本发明提供的反吊升降器还提供了被动制动单元,即在初始状态不对重力垂降单元提供制动力,仅通过人工操作实现对反吊升降器的进一步操控:
继续参考图5,所述制动单元还包括被动制动单元,所述被动制动单元包括抱刹29,所述抱刹29安装于绕绳轴2右侧,并由被动控制器控制,通过操作被动控制器,使所述反吊升降器实现应急制动。
具体的,所述被动控制器包括相连接的下降摇杆23、第一万向节24、控制轴25以及抱刹带动臂52,所述控制轴25铰接有抱刹摆臂30,其中下降摇杆23、第一万向节24、控制轴25可与第二主动制动单元中主动控制器的下降摇杆23、第一万向节24、控制轴25共用,所述抱刹摆臂30位于所述抱刹带动臂52的转动行程范围内(抱刹带动臂52受控制轴25带动,运动轨迹为往复弧线运动,非圆周运动),当抱刹带动臂52转动一定的角度后拨动所述抱刹摆臂30,抱刹摆臂30的自由端与所述抱刹29连接,以通过控制所述下降摇杆23从初始水平位置进行提升,将所述抱刹29抱紧,,实现了应急状态下的制动,通过控制所述下降摇杆23从提升位置恢复至初始水平位置,将所述抱刹29放松。
上述实施例中,通过一个下降摇杆23,实现了对第二主动制动单元以及被动制动单元的控制,且操作方式符合人类动作及思维习惯:下降摇杆23从初始水平位置下压,实现反吊升降器缓慢下降,并通过调节下压位置实现下降速度的控制;下降摇杆23从初始水平位置上提,实现了应急状态下的制动。
结合图6所示,所述驱动单元包括相连接的爬升摇杆31(图1中标示)、第二万向节32、传动轴33、传动齿轮34以及离合齿轮35,所述离合齿轮35在所述爬升摇杆31的控制下与所述绕绳轴2上的绕绳齿轮36啮合或脱离,以实现所述绕绳轴2步进式的旋转,进而将绳索1收纳,实现反吊升降器整体爬升。
继续参考图6,所述驱动单元还包括齿轮带动臂37,所述齿轮带动臂37安装于带动轴承39的外圈,带动轴承39的内圈安装于所述传动轴,以将齿轮带动臂37铰接于所述传动轴33,并通过调节螺丝38调节所述齿轮带动臂37与所述传动轴33或所述传动齿轮34的摩擦力,当传动轴33正向旋转(爬升动作)时,齿轮带动臂37在摩擦力的作用下带动离合轮35,将离合轮35与绕绳齿轮36啮合,并在离合轮35与绕绳齿轮36啮合后向离合轮35施加压力防止脱离,所述齿轮带动臂37的自由端设有弧形槽,所述离合齿轮35的轮轴位于所述弧形槽中,所述离合齿轮35的轮轴两端分别安装于安装板的弧形孔中以限位,所述弧形孔与所述传动轴33同心,以使所述离合齿轮35在所述爬升摇杆31的控制下正向旋转时与所述绕绳轴2上的绕绳齿轮36啮合,并在所述爬升摇杆31的控制下反向旋转时与所述绕绳轴2上的绕绳齿轮36脱离。
结合图7、图8所示,还包括排绳器,所述排绳器包括往复丝杠40、滑块41以及定位轴42,所述往复丝杠40通过齿轮组43与所述绕绳轴2传动连接,使绕绳轴2转动带动往复丝杠40转动,往复丝杠40设有两条螺距相同、旋向相反的螺纹槽,所述螺纹槽两端与所述往复丝杠40本体的过渡处形成楔形面,所述滑块41内设有与所述滑块41铰接的拨块44,所述拨块44与所述往复丝杠40的其中一条螺纹槽连接,拨块44的截面长度大于两条螺纹槽交汇处的缺口长度,所述拨块44在未到达往复丝杠40的端部之前不会自行切换运动轨道,实现所述滑块41在所述往复丝杠40上的往复运动,所述滑块41还与一条平行于所述往复丝杠40的定位轴42滑动连接以防止所述滑块41自转,所述绳索1的一端从通孔中穿过所述滑块41后与所述绕绳轴2连接,实现反吊升降器爬升过程中的自动排绳,通孔内还设有可以调节的夹绳片45以防止绳索1回绕。
结合图9所示,支架6外部设有外壳46,将上述绕绳爬升单元和重力垂降单元包覆,外壳46由硬质材料如金属板、具有防火功能的硬塑料制成,外壳外侧设有加强筋,外壳下部为圆角结构。
工业实用性
本发明提供的反吊升降器能够实现个人自主背起产品移动至所要到的达目的地。具体操作如下:首先,在需要降落的地方找到固定物体,如:树、大石头、柱、门、护栏等,先将本设备的安全带8捆绑在身体上并扣紧,一手拉出本设备绳索1将快速扣连接在固定物体上,一手控制下降摇杆23,并用母指按下降摇杆23端部的启动按键16,将绳索1拉出到能足够绑住固定物体与降落点之间的长度,然后松开启动按键16将绳索1长度固定准备降落,在降落前先做好降落姿势,一手控制爬升摇杆31,一手控制下降摇杆23,摇动爬升摇杆31可以调整固定点与降落点之间绳索1的合适距离,以免绳索1松弛,避免影响降落难度。其次,绳索1距离调整好以后,将下降摇杆23与爬升摇杆31返回初始位置,准备降落,将下降摇杆23慢慢摇下的同时人也慢慢降落,降落速度由下降摇杆23控制:摇下快、拉上慢,拉回原位则停止下降。本设备可设计自动减速器,防止手动操作不当过快降落。如果是半空作业的话,在到达作业目的地之后把降落杆拉回原位,停止后可以把爬升摇杆31上下摇动,起到上升功能,可以来避开障碍物,找到合适位置,则把爬升摇杆31拉回原位则停止上升。如果是高山探险等则继续控制降落杆继续往下降。降落过快时可以将降落杆拉起到最高位置,降落将应急制动刹住快速停止。到达目的地后,将爬升摇杆31往外折至固定点呈旋转形态,摇动爬升摇杆31进行回收绳索1。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种反吊升降器,其特征在于包括:
    绕绳爬升单元,在驱动力作用下使绕绳轴旋转以将绳索收纳,实现反吊升降器整体爬升;
    重力垂降单元,在佩戴者重力作用下反转所述绕绳轴以将所述绳索释放,实现所述反吊升降器下降,并通过制动单元实现对所述反吊升降器下降的控制。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    所述绕绳爬升单元包括绳索、绕绳轴以及驱动单元,所述绳索的一端设有用于与安全固定物连接固定的连接器,另一端与所述绕绳轴连接以便于缠绕在所述绕绳轴上进行收纳,所述绕绳轴与驱动单元连接,由所述驱动单元控制所述绕绳轴旋转绕绳;
    所述重力垂降单元包括主轴、制动单元,所述主轴通过单向轴承安装于所述绕绳轴内,使所述绕绳轴在旋转绕绳时与所述主轴相对旋转,并使所述主轴在所述单向轴承限制下带动所述绕绳轴反向旋转以释放绳索,并通过所述制动单元提供制动力,使所述反吊升降器的下降安全可控。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    所述制动单元包括第一主动制动单元,所述第一主动制动单元包括夹盘、棘轮、棘爪、离合绳以及启动控制器,所述夹盘与所述主轴连接并通过摩擦片与所述棘轮呈面接触,所述棘轮与所述主轴或所述夹盘铰接;
    所述棘爪与所述离合绳的一端连接,所述离合绳的另一端作为控制端与启动控制器连接,以使所述棘爪在所述启动控制器的控制下实现与所述棘轮啮合或脱离。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    所述启动控制器包括启动按键、第一反拉直齿、反拉齿轮、第二反拉直齿,所述启动按键与所述第一反拉直齿连接,并设有用于复位的第一复位弹簧,所述第一反拉直齿的齿面与所述反拉齿轮啮合,所述反拉齿轮与所述第二反拉直齿的齿面啮合,所述第二反拉直齿与所述离合绳的控制端连接。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    所述主轴上设有可沿所述主轴轴向移动的旋钮,以通过所述旋钮调节所述夹盘与所述棘轮之间的摩擦力。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    所述制动单元包括第二主动制动单元,所述第二主动制动单元包括鼓刹,所述鼓刹安装于绕绳轴,所述鼓刹初始状态为制动状态,并由主动控制器控制,实现手动控速下降。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    所述主动控制器包括相连接的下降摇杆、控制轴以及鼓刹带动臂,所述控制轴铰接有V形摆臂,且所述V形摆臂位于所述鼓刹带动臂的转动行程范围内,以使所述鼓刹带动臂在转动时能拨动所述V形摆臂,进而实现所述下降摇杆在下压时通过所述鼓刹带动臂拨动所述V形摆臂,所述下降摇杆在复位时所述鼓刹带动臂脱离所述V形摆臂;
    所述V形摆臂的一端通过推力弹簧、连杆与所述鼓刹传动连接,所述V形摆臂的另一端连接有第二复位弹簧,以实现鼓刹的初始状态为制动状态,并实现通过所述下降摇杆控制所述鼓刹。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    所述制动单元还包括被动制动单元,所述被动制动单元包括抱刹,所述抱刹安装于绕绳轴,并由被动控制器控制,用于应急制动。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    所述被动控制器包括相连接的下降摇杆、控制轴以及抱刹带动臂,所述控制轴铰接有抱刹摆臂,且所述抱刹摆臂位于所述抱刹带动臂的转动行程范围内,以使所述抱刹带动臂在转动时能拨动所述抱刹摆臂,所述抱刹摆臂的自由端与所述抱刹连接,以通过控制所述下降摇杆从初始水平位置进行提升,将所述抱刹抱紧,通过控制所述下降摇杆从提升位置恢复至初始水平位置,将所述抱刹放松,实现应急制动。
  10. 如权利要求2所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    所述驱动单元包括相连接的爬升摇杆、第二万向节、传动轴、传动齿轮以及离合齿轮,所述离合齿轮在所述爬升摇杆的控制下与所述绕绳轴上的绕绳齿轮啮合或脱离,以实现所述绕绳轴步进式的旋转,进而将绳索收纳,实现反吊升降器整体爬升。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    所述驱动单元还包括齿轮带动臂,所述齿轮带动臂铰接于所述传动轴,并通过调节螺丝调节所述齿轮带动臂与所述传动轴或所述传动齿轮的摩擦力,所述齿轮带动臂的自由端设有弧形槽,所述离合齿轮的轮轴位于所述弧形槽中,所述离合齿轮的轮轴两端分别安装于弧形孔中,所述弧形孔与所述传动轴同心,以使所述离合齿轮在所述爬升摇杆的控制下正向旋转时与所述绕绳轴上的绕绳齿轮啮合,并在所述爬升摇杆的控制下反向旋转时与所述绕绳轴上的绕绳齿轮脱离。
  12. 如权利要求2所述的一种反吊升降器,其特征在于:
    还包括排绳器,所述排绳器包括往复丝杠、滑块以及定位轴,所述往复丝杠与所述绕绳轴传动连接,其设有两条螺距相同、旋向相反的螺纹槽,所述螺纹槽两端与所述往复丝杠本体的过渡处形成楔形面,所述滑块内设有与所述滑块铰接的拨块,所述拨块与所述往复丝杠的其中一条螺纹槽连接,实现所述滑块在所述往复丝杠上的往复运动,所述滑块还与一条平行于所述往复丝杠的定位轴滑动连接以防止所述滑块自转,所述绳索的一端穿过所述滑块后与所述绕绳轴连接,实现反吊升降器爬升过程中的自动排绳。
PCT/CN2019/102530 2018-08-31 2019-08-26 一种反吊升降器 WO2020043052A1 (zh)

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CN2066436U (zh) * 1990-04-26 1990-11-28 徐才发 轻便升降器
JPH07308394A (ja) * 1994-05-18 1995-11-28 Hisao Oshima 高所離脱用安全避難装置
CN2338033Y (zh) * 1998-02-24 1999-09-15 陈木村 大楼逃生装置
CN103041517A (zh) * 2013-01-24 2013-04-17 李艳香 高楼逃生自救升降器
CN104001281A (zh) * 2014-05-28 2014-08-27 郑磊 一种逃生升降器
CN108853766A (zh) * 2018-08-31 2018-11-23 陈伟晓 一种反吊升降器
CN209005085U (zh) * 2018-08-31 2019-06-21 陈伟晓 一种反吊升降器

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2066436U (zh) * 1990-04-26 1990-11-28 徐才发 轻便升降器
JPH07308394A (ja) * 1994-05-18 1995-11-28 Hisao Oshima 高所離脱用安全避難装置
CN2338033Y (zh) * 1998-02-24 1999-09-15 陈木村 大楼逃生装置
CN103041517A (zh) * 2013-01-24 2013-04-17 李艳香 高楼逃生自救升降器
CN104001281A (zh) * 2014-05-28 2014-08-27 郑磊 一种逃生升降器
CN108853766A (zh) * 2018-08-31 2018-11-23 陈伟晓 一种反吊升降器
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