WO2020034415A1 - 基于轴不变量的通用6r机械臂逆解建模与解算方法 - Google Patents
基于轴不变量的通用6r机械臂逆解建模与解算方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1602—Programme controls characterised by the control system, structure, architecture
- B25J9/1605—Simulation of manipulator lay-out, design, modelling of manipulator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1602—Programme controls characterised by the control system, structure, architecture
- B25J9/1607—Calculation of inertia, jacobian matrixes and inverses
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- the invention relates to a multi-axis robot 6R manipulator inverse solution modeling and calculation method, and belongs to the technical field of robots.
- a dynamic graph structure (Dynamic Graph Structure) can be used to dynamically build a directed Span tree based on the motion axis, which lays a foundation for the study of robot modeling and control of Variable Topology Structure.
- a dynamic graph structure (Dynamic Graph Structure) can be used to dynamically build a directed Span tree based on the motion axis, which lays a foundation for the study of robot modeling and control of Variable Topology Structure.
- the 6R decoupling robotic arm has a common point constraint on the structure: either 4 to 6 axes are common, or 4 and 5 axes are common, and 5 and 6 axes are common. For high-precision robotic arms, this assumption does not hold due to machining and assembly errors. Because the common 6R manipulator does not have common point constraints, its inverse solution calculation is very difficult, and it has to succumb to the decoupling constraints in engineering. This constraint not only increases the difficulty of machining and assembly of the robot arm, but also reduces the absolute positioning accuracy of the robot arm. Only by breaking through the inverse solution method of the universal 6R manipulator can the demand for precise operation of the manipulator be met, and the theory of autonomous robots can be improved.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an inverse solution modeling method for a universal 6R manipulator based on an axis invariant, which breaks through the inverse solution method of a universal 6R manipulator and meets the needs of precise operation of the manipulator.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
- An inverse modeling and calculation method for a universal 6R manipulator based on an axis invariant is characterized by:
- the pickup point is located on the axis of the 6th axis, and the robot arm whose 4th axis is not coaxial with the 5th axis is a universal 6R robot arm;
- the posture equation of the 6R manipulator is expressed by the Cu-Gibbs quaternion expression, and the alignment is completed through the first 5 axes to eliminate the joint variables of the 4th and 5th axes; the 6th is controlled by the first 5 axes
- the axis is aligned with the desired position and direction, so that the 6th axis can rotate infinitely or control the 6th axis to meet radial alignment, and the 6th axis will be given the desired position vector And expectations Inverse solution problem with given 6th axis expected position vector And 5th axis expected attitude
- the inverse solution problem is equivalent.
- Ju-Gibbs or Ju-Gibbs gauge quaternion that is isomorphic to Euler quaternions is defined:
- Is Gibbs vector Is Gibbs vector
- the matrix based on the structural parameters of the 6R manipulator system and the expected attitude of Gi-Gibs quaternion is expressed as
- the position equation (169) after eliminating ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 5 is three "three-element two-order" polynomial equations, which are equivalent to the 3R manipulator problem.
- the inverse 3R manipulator position solution based on the invariant of the axis is used to solve.
- I a Dixon matrix of size S ⁇ S, whose [i] [j] member is an N-th order polynomial of univariate ⁇ 1 .
- step [1] In step [1],
- expression Represents the xth power of ⁇ ;
- Delimiter I axis invariant Cross product matrix, member For members Same time replacement; 1 is the three-dimensional identity matrix; i Q n represents the attitude; Along the vector axis Line position Zero point from origin The translation vector to the origin O l ;
- ⁇ is the projection symbol, and i
- ⁇ is the ⁇ projection vector in the geodetic coordinate system.
- step [2] the calculation formula of Dixon determinant based on the axis invariant is:
- I the rotation transformation matrix
- the coefficients of the combined variables are independent column vectors, so we choose Coefficients to form a square matrix
- the remaining column vectors must be The columns are related;
- I a Dixon matrix of size S ⁇ S, whose [i] [j] member is an N-th order polynomial of univariate ⁇ 1 .
- step [2] the determinant formula of the block matrix is:
- a square matrix of size (n + m) ⁇ (n + m) is M and a matrix of size n ⁇ n Is a sub-matrix consisting of the first n rows and any n columns of a square matrix M, a matrix of size m ⁇ m Is a sub-matrix consisting of the elements of m rows and the remaining m columns of the square matrix M;
- step [2] perform the row staircase calculation principle on the determinant:
- each term is an n-th order polynomial with respect to ⁇ 1 .
- the original determinant can be changed to an upper triangular determinant through elementary row transformation, and then the nonzero diagonal elements are multiplied to obtain the determinant polynomial expression. This formula is 0, and all solutions of ⁇ 1 are obtained.
- the specific method of row staging is to first sort the highest order of the first column of the determinant from high to low, and then perform a maximum of (S-1) ⁇ n elementary row transformation eliminations. Determinants whose elements are not zero. Then the elementary row transformation and elimination of the cofactors of the first row and the first column of the determinant are solved successively and iteratively.
- step [3] the steps of constructing Dixon polynomials for n “n-ary N-th order” polynomial systems are:
- a determinant consisting of a position vector or a rotation vector represents the volume of the vector expansion space; in different Cartesian spaces, it has a volume invariance. among them:
- Equation (29) n n-elements
- Equation (169) is a 16th-order mononomial equation with respect to ⁇ 1
- Equation (5) is used to perform the determinant calculation of the quadratic block or the diagonalization of the determinant.
- the method of the invention solves the problem of reversible solution kinematics modeling and inverse solution calculation of the 6R manipulator, has a simple and elegant motion chain symbol system, has the function of pseudo code, and has an iterative structure, ensuring the reliability and mechanization of system Calculus
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of fixed axis rotation
- Figure 4 shows the derived invariants of the axis invariants.
- Natural coordinate axis The unit reference axis with a fixed origin that is coaxial with the motion axis or measurement axis is called the natural coordinate axis, also known as the natural reference axis.
- Natural coordinate system As shown in Figure 1, if the multi-axis system D is at zero position, all Cartesian body coordinate systems have the same direction, and the origin of the body coordinate system is on the axis of the motion axis, then the coordinate system is a natural coordinate system. , Referred to as the natural coordinate system.
- the advantages of the natural coordinate system are: (1) the coordinate system is easy to determine; (2) the joint variables at the zero position are zero; (3) the system attitude at the zero position is consistent; (4) it is not easy to introduce a measurement error.
- the coordinate axis is a reference direction with a zero position and a unit scale. It can describe the position of translation in that direction, but it cannot fully describe the rotation angle around the direction, because the coordinate axis itself does not have a radial reference direction, that is There is a zero position that characterizes rotation. In practical applications, the radial reference of this shaft needs to be supplemented. For example: in Cartesian F [l] , to rotate around lx, you need to use ly or lz as the reference zero.
- the coordinate axis itself is 1D, and three orthogonal 1D reference axes constitute a 3D Cartesian frame.
- the axis invariant is a 3D spatial unit reference axis, which is itself a frame. It has its own radial reference axis, the reference mark.
- the spatial coordinate axis and its own radial reference axis determine the Cartesian frame.
- the spatial coordinate axis can reflect the three basic reference attributes of the motion axis and the measurement axis.
- [2] is a 3D reference axis, which not only has an axial reference direction, but also has a radial reference zero position, which will be explained in section 3.3.1.
- the axis invariant For axis invariants, its absolute derivative is its relative derivative. Since the axis invariant is a natural reference axis with invariance, its absolute derivative is always a zero vector. Therefore, the axis invariant is invariant to time differentiation. Have:
- the basis vector e l is any vector consolidated with F [l] .
- the basis vector With Any vector of consolidation, Is F [l] and Common unit vector, so Is F [l] and Shared basis vector. So the axis is invariant Is F [l] and Common reference base.
- Axis invariants are parameterized natural coordinate bases and primitives for multi-axis systems. The translation and rotation of a fixed axis invariant are equivalent to the translation and rotation of a fixed coordinate system.
- optical measurement equipment such as laser trackers can be applied to achieve accurate measurement of invariants of fixed axes.
- the cylindrical pair can be applied to simplify the MAS kinematics and dynamics analysis.
- Invariant A quantity that does not depend on a set of coordinate systems for measurement is called an invariant.
- Natural coordinates take the natural coordinate axis vector as the reference direction, the angular position or line position relative to the zero position of the system, and record it as q l , which is called natural coordinates;
- natural motion vector will be determined by the natural axis vector And the vector determined by natural coordinates q l Called the natural motion vector. among them:
- the natural motion vector realizes the unified expression of axis translation and rotation.
- a vector to be determined by the natural axis vector and the joint such as Called the free motion vector, also known as the free spiral.
- the axis vector Is a specific free spiral.
- joint space The space represented by the joint natural coordinates q l is called joint space.
- the Cartesian space that expresses the position and pose (posture for short) is called a shape space, which is a double vector space or a 6D space.
- Natural joint space using the natural coordinate system as a reference, through joint variables Means that there must be when the system is zero The joint space is called natural joint space.
- Axis vector Is the natural reference axis of the natural coordinates of the joint. Because Is an axis invariant, so Is a fixed axis invariant, which characterizes the motion pair The structural relationship is determined by the natural coordinate axis. Fixed axis invariant Is a link Natural description of structural parameters.
- Natural coordinate axis space The fixed axis invariant is used as the natural reference axis, and the space represented by the corresponding natural coordinate is called the natural coordinate axis space, which is referred to as the natural axis space. It is a 3D space with 1 degree of freedom.
- any motion pair in the loop can be selected, and the stator and the mover constituting the motion pair can be separated; thus, a loop-free tree structure is obtained.
- the Span tree represents a span tree with directions to describe the topological relationship of the tree chain movement.
- I is a structural parameter; A is an axis sequence; F is a bar reference sequence; B is a bar body sequence; K is a motion pair type sequence; NT is a sequence of constrained axes, that is, a non-tree.
- Axis sequence a member of.
- Rotary pair R, prism pair P, spiral pair H, and contact pair O are special examples of cylindrical pair C.
- the motion chain is identified by a partial order set ().
- O () represents the number of operations in the calculation process, and usually refers to the number of floating-point multiplications and additions. It is very tedious to express the calculation complexity by the number of floating-point multiplication and addition. Therefore, the main operation times in the algorithm cycle are often used;
- l l k is the kinematic chain from axis l to axis k, and the output is expressed as And
- the cardinality is written as
- l l k execution process execution If Then execute Otherwise, end.
- the computational complexity of l l k is O (
- l L means to obtain a closed subtree composed of axis l and its subtrees, Is a subtree without l; recursively execute l l with a computational complexity of
- ⁇ means attribute placeholder; if the attribute p or P is about position, then Should be understood as a coordinate system To the origin of F [l] ; if the attribute p or P is about direction, then Should be understood as a coordinate system To F [l] .
- attribute variables or constants with partial order include the indicators indicating partial order in the name; either include the upper left corner and lower right corner indexes, or include the upper right corner and lower right corner indexes; Their directions are always from the upper left corner indicator to the lower right corner indicator, or from the upper right corner indicator to the lower right corner indicator.
- the description of the direction is sometimes omitted. Even if omitted, those skilled in the art can also use symbolic expressions. It is known that, for each parameter used in this application, for a certain attribute symbol, their directions are always from the upper left corner index to the lower right corner index of the partial order index, or from the upper right corner index to the lower right corner index.
- the symbol specifications and conventions of this application are determined based on the two principles of the partial order of the kinematic chain and the chain link being the basic unit of the kinematic chain, reflecting the essential characteristics of the kinematic chain.
- the chain indicator represents the connection relationship, and the upper right indicator represents the reference system.
- This symbolic expression is concise and accurate, which is convenient for communication and written expression.
- they are structured symbol systems that contain the elements and relationships that make up each attribute quantity, which is convenient for computer processing and lays the foundation for computer automatic modeling.
- the meaning of the indicator needs to be understood through the background of the attribute, that is, the context; for example: if the attribute is a translation type, the indicator at the upper left corner indicates the origin and direction of the coordinate system; if the attribute is a rotation type, the indicator at the top left The direction of the coordinate system.
- the coordinate vector in the natural coordinate system F [k] that is, the coordinate vector from k to l;
- rotation vector / angle vector I is a free vector, that is, the vector can be freely translated
- the angular position that is, the joint angle and joint variables, are scalars
- T means transpose of ⁇ , which means transpose the collection, and do not perform transpose on the members; for example:
- Projection symbol ⁇ represents vector or tensor of second order group reference projection vector or projection sequence, i.e. the vector of coordinates or coordinate array, that is, the dot product projection "*"; as: position vector
- the projection vector in the coordinate system F [k] is written as
- Is a cross multiplier for example: Is axis invariant Cross product matrix; given any vector
- the cross product matrix is
- the cross product matrix is a second-order tensor.
- i l j represents a kinematic chain from i to j
- l l k is a kinematic chain from axis l to k
- n represents the Cartesian Cartesian system, then Is a Cartesian axis chain; if n represents a natural reference axis, then For natural shaft chains.
- the engineering structure parameters are characterized by fixed axis invariants to ensure the absolute positioning accuracy of the multi-axis system; on the other hand, the dimension reduction of the motion equation needs to be solved The problem and the computability of the inverse solution using the variable elimination method.
- the translation axis and rotation axis in the 6R kinematic chain are Prism pair P, rotation pair R, motion pair Kinematic axis l, kinematic chain i l n .
- the kinematic chain can be divided into three categories: pure translation (3 types), pure rotation (6 types), and composite (12 types) with both rotation and translation.
- the three types of plain translation chains are ordinary kinematics and need not be discussed. Therefore, the existence conditions of the non-trivial inverse kinematics of the chain are:
- the pose of natural space has 6 dimensions, it is necessary to establish 6 pose equations containing only 6 joint variables.
- the pose equation based on Euler quaternions or dual quaternions does not satisfy the minimum number of equations.
- the motion vector including translation and rotation is essentially a natural spiral.
- the last axis of the robot arm must always be aligned with the desired direction in order to perform the required operation.
- the first 5 axes control the alignment of the 6th axis with the desired position and direction. After that, the 6th axis is controlled to satisfy radial alignment; therefore, for a universal 6R robotic arm, it is only necessary to establish a pose equation including the first 5 joint variables.
- the present invention proposes a "Ju-Gibs" attitude quaternion, the purpose of which is to complete the alignment through the first 5 axes to eliminate the joint variables of the 4th and 5th axes and lay the foundation for subsequent inverse solutions.
- n> represents the full permutation of natural numbers [1: n], and there are n! Instances.
- I [i1, ... in] represents the number of reverse order of the arrangement ⁇ i1, ... in>.
- the computational complexity of equation (2) is: n! Product of n times and n! Sub-addition has exponential complexity and can only be applied to determinants with smaller dimensions. For determinants with larger dimensions, Laplace formula is usually used for recursive operations. for Adjugate Matrix, then
- Simpler algorithms usually use Gaussian elimination or LU decomposition, first transform the matrix into a triangular matrix or a product of triangular matrices by elementary transformation, and then calculate the determinant.
- the above determinant calculation method for number fields is not applicable to high-dimensional polynomial matrices, and a determinant calculation method for block matrices needs to be introduced.
- Computing the determinant of Vector Polynomial is a specific block matrix determinant calculation problem. It expresses the inherent relationship between vectors and determinants at the vector level.
- the determinant calculation of the block matrix expresses the inherent laws of the block matrix and the determinant at the matrix level.
- Equations (4) and (5) can be generalized to n-dimensional space. Equation (4) helps to analyze the inherent law of the determinant at the vector level; for example, when any two vectors are parallel or the three vectors are coplanar, the corresponding determinant is zero. Equation (5) shows that the determinant of the vector polynomial is liable to cause a "combination explosion".
- each term is an n-th order polynomial with respect to ⁇ 1 .
- the original determinant can be changed to an upper triangular determinant through elementary row transformation, and then the nonzero diagonal elements are multiplied to obtain the determinant polynomial expression. Since this formula is 0, all solutions of ⁇ 1 are obtained.
- the specific method of row staging is to first sort the highest order of the first column of the determinant from high to low, and then perform a maximum of (S-1) ⁇ n elementary row transformation eliminations. Determinants whose elements are not zero. Then the elementary row transformation and elimination of the cofactors of the first row and the first column of the determinant are solved successively and iteratively.
- N-th order polynomial system based on "N-carry word” N-th order polynomial system based on "N-carry word”.
- n "n-ary first-order” polynomial power products Independent variables appear N times repeatedly, then n “n-ary N-th order” polynomial systems are obtained "N-ary N-th Order Polynomial System” and "n-bit N Carry Word” Isomorphism.
- the first m of the auxiliary variable Y m are used to sequentially replace the m variables in the Original Variables X n , and "
- a determinant consisting of a position vector or a rotation vector represents the volume of the vector expansion space; in different Cartesian spaces, it has a volume invariance. among them:
- Equation (29) n n-elements
- n n-elements a necessary condition for Dixon elimination, so as to obtain feasible solutions. If there are zero-row or zero-column vectors in S ⁇ S , a polynomial equation of x 1 cannot be established; at this time, S ⁇ S is transformed into a row-echelon matrix Ech ( S ⁇ S ); obtain the square matrix after calculating the product of the Pivot of the matrix That is, S ′ independent column vectors are selected from S ⁇ S.
- n "n-ary N-th order" polynomial system The example (referred to as polynomial) is written as among them: And have according to Polynomials to determine Dixon matrices and separate variables and Select and Satisfy
- Equation (33) is a polynomial equation of univariate x 1 ; eliminating n-1 unknowns; thus, a feasible solution of univariate x 1 can be obtained. If x 1 is also satisfied
- the steps are:
- the formula is a four-order 1st-order polynomial system that meets the Dixon elimination conditions. From formula (20) and formula (23), we get
- Axis vector Relative to rod And ⁇ l or natural coordinate system And F [l] is fixed, so this rotation is called fixed axis rotation.
- the projection vector is Zero vector after rotation
- the moment vector is
- the axial component is Rodrigues vector equation with chain index
- Equation (44) is about with Multivariable linear equation is an axis invariant Second-order polynomial. Given a natural zero vector As Zero reference, and Respectively the zero vector and the radial vector. Equation (44) is Symmetry Represents zero-axis tensor, antisymmetric part Represents the radial axial tensor, and the axial outer product tensor, respectively Orthogonal to determine the three-dimensional natural axis space; Equation (44) contains only one sine and cosine operation, 6 product operations, and 6 sum operations, and the calculation complexity is low; And joint variables The coordinate system and polarity are parameterized.
- Equation (44) can be expressed as
- Ju-Gibbs quaternion a standardized Ju-Gibbs quaternion (referred to as the standard Ju-Gibbs quaternion, that is, a quaternion with a "label" of 1);
- Non-standard that is, its standard part is not 1. From equation (54), we can know that only given axis l and The canonical Ju-Gibbs quaternion, and the two axes are orthogonal, Is the canonical quaternion.
- I the rotation transformation matrix
- Equation (74) shows with Mutually orthogonal.
- the best axis vector is obtained from equations (73) and (74)
- the principle of pointing alignment based on Ju-Gibbs quaternion indicates that at least one expected Ju-Gibbs quaternion exists Make unit vector Vector with desired unit Aligned.
- Equation (93) is divided by equation (94)
- the joint variable is characterized by the normal Ju-Gibbs quaternion, which is obtained by equation (54)
- Equation (97), Equation (98), and Equation (90) Equation (96) gives
- equation (81) holds. There are 4 equations and 2 independent variables in factor (101). Constraint equations are obtained from the fourth row of equations (102) and (101).
- Ju-Gibbs quaternion isomorphic with Euler quaternion; at the same time, equation (64) shows that the DCM-like DCM and DCM are the same as DCM. ⁇ Structure. Therefore, the Ju-Gibbs quaternion can be used to express the pose relationship.
- the basic properties of the Dixon determinant of the radial invariant and the kinematic chain are proposed to lay the foundation for the inverse kinematic analysis of the robot based on the invariant of the axis.
- the invariant of the axis is essentially different from the coordinate axis: the coordinate axis is a reference direction with a zero position and a unit scale. It does not have a radial reference direction, that is, there is no zero position that characterizes rotation. In actual application, the radial reference of the coordinate axis needs to be supplemented.
- the coordinate axis itself is 1D, and three orthogonal coordinate axes constitute a 3D Cartesian frame; the axis invariant is a 3D space unit reference axis (referred to as a 3D reference axis), which has a radial reference zero.
- the "3D reference axis" and its radial reference zero position can determine the corresponding Cartesian system.
- the axis invariant based on the natural coordinate system can accurately reflect the three basic attributes of "coaxiality", "polarity” and “zero position" of the motion axis and the measurement axis.
- the axis invariant is essentially different from the Euler axis: the directional cosine matrix (DCM) is a real matrix, the axis vector is the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue 1 of the DCM, and is an invariant; the fixed axis invariant is the "3D reference axis ", Not only with the origin and axial direction, but also with the radial reference zero; in the natural coordinate system, the axis invariant does not depend on the adjacent consolidated natural coordinate system, that is, it has Variable natural coordinates; axis invariants have excellent mathematical operation functions such as nilpotency; in natural coordinate systems, DCM and reference polarities can be uniquely determined through axis invariants and joint coordinates; it is not necessary to establish for each member The respective systems can greatly simplify the modeling workload.
- DCM directional cosine matrix
- the fixed axis invariant is the "3D reference axis ", Not only with the origin and axial direction, but also with
- measuring the axis invariants can improve the measurement accuracy of structural parameters.
- iterative kinematics and dynamic equations including topological structure, coordinate system, polarity, structural parameters, and dynamic parameters can be established.
- NP problems All problems that are not solvable in definite polynomial time are called NP problems.
- the non-deterministic algorithm decomposes the problem into two stages: “guessing” and “verifying”: the “guessing” stage of the algorithm is non-deterministic, and the “verifying” stage of the algorithm is deterministic, and the correctness of the guessed solution is determined through verification. If it can be calculated in polynomial time, it is called a polynomial non-deterministic problem.
- the elimination of multivariate polynomials is generally considered to be an NP problem. Usually applied Based on the elimination of multiple polynomials, we have to resort to heuristic "guessing” and “verification” to solve the problem.
- Structural parameters and These are the structural parameters of the chain link l, which can be obtained by external measurement when the system is in the zero position. As shown in Fig. 4, the zero vector, the radial vector, and the axial vector are invariants independent of the rotation angle. The zero vector is a specific radial vector.
- Any vector can be decomposed into zero vector and axial vector, so
- Is the axis l and Common vertical line or common radial vector Is the axial vector of axis l.
- any structure parameter vector Can be decomposed into zero invariants independent of the coordinate system
- Axial invariant Their radial vectors are written as Structural parameter vector And axis invariants Uniquely determine the radial coordinate system, with 2 independent dimensions. If two axial invariants and Collinear
- the axial invariant and the zero invariant shown in equation (111) are the decomposition of the natural parameter by the structural parameter vector.
- the zero vector, radial vector, and axial vector derived from the axis invariant have the following relationships:
- the equation (116) is called the inversion formula of the zero vector; the formula (117) is called the interchange formula of the zero vector and the radial vector; the formula (118) is called the radial vector invariance formula. From (110), (116) to (118),
- Equation (130) is derived from three independent structural parameters And a motion variable ⁇ l . From equation (130),
- Equation (138) is re-expressed as equation (135).
- 0 solution.
- equation (169) is a 16th-order mononomial equation for ⁇ 1 .
- the pickup point is located on the axis of the sixth axis
- the robot arm whose fourth axis and the fifth axis are not coaxial is a universal 6R robot arm.
- Equation (185) is about Expectation attitude And constraint equations for 4- and 5-axis structural parameters. From equation (63),
- Equations (185) to (191) are used for subsequent equation simplification.
- C with superscript and subscript is a structure constant matrix.
- Equations (185) to (191) are used for subsequent equation simplification.
- C with superscript and subscript is a structure constant matrix.
- Structural parameters and These are the structural parameters of the chain link l, which can be obtained by external measurement when the system is in the zero position.
- the zero vector, radial vector and axial vector are invariants independent of the rotation angle.
- the zero vector is a specific radial vector.
- the position equation (170) after eliminating ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 5 is three "three-element two-order" polynomial equations, which can be equivalent to the 3R manipulator problem.
- the above-mentioned inverse 3R manipulator position based solution is used to solve the problem. It lays the foundation for real-time calculation of the inverse solution of universal 6R-axis manipulator. On the one hand, it will help improve the absolute positioning accuracy of the 6R manipulator; on the other hand, the 4th and 5th axial root directions of the traditional decoupling manipulator can be moved in structure, which can not only optimize the structure of the manipulator, It also helps to increase the flexibility of the 6R manipulator to avoid obstacles.
- the real-time inverse solution of the universal 6R manipulator is that it not only helps to improve the absolute positioning accuracy of the manipulator, but also can further optimize the structure of the manipulator and reduce the weight of the system.
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Claims (14)
- 根据权利要求2所述的基于轴不变量的通用6R机械臂逆解建模与解算方法,其特征是,若给定6R轴链 il 6=(i,1:6], il 1=0 3,第6轴期望位置矢量为 及第5轴期望姿态 第3轴关节居-吉布斯规范四元数为 其他轴表达方式同理;则由轴不变量表征的6R机械臂运动学多项式方程为:其中:基于6R机械臂系统结构参数及期望姿态居-吉布斯四元数构成的矩阵表示为式中,\为续行符; 分别表示轴4至轴5、轴5至轴6的零位矢量、径向矢量; 是轴不变量 的叉乘矩阵;0 3=[0 0 0] T; 表示系统结构参数的4×4矩阵; 表示取 的第一行元素,依次类推, 表示取 的第k+1行元素;右上角标表达形式[]表示取行或列,表达形式[·]表示取所有列; 表示取 3E 5的第3行、第所有列; 3n 4为杆件3到杆件4的坐标矢量,其是轴不变量; 为轴不变量 3n 4的叉乘矩阵,其余杆件同理;消去τ 4及τ 5后的位置方程(169)是3个“3元2阶”多项式方程,等同于3R机械臂问题,采用基于轴不变量的3R机械臂位置逆解方法进行求解。
- 根据权利要求4所述的基于轴不变量的通用6R机械臂逆解建模与解算方法,其特征是,基于轴不变量的通用3R机械臂逆解建模与解算方法,应用n个“n元N阶”多项式的Dixon消元与求解原理,进行位姿逆解计算,主要包括以下步骤:【1】根据机械臂n元3D矢量位姿方程,获得n个“n元2阶”多项式方程;【2】应用基于轴不变量的Dixon行列式计算式、分块矩阵的行列式计算式或对行列式进行对角化计算式简化行列式计算;【3】应用n个“n元N阶”多项式的Dixon消元与求解原理完成位姿逆解计算,其中:根据Dixon矩阵的行列式为0,得到一元高阶多项式方程,应用基于友阵的一元高阶多项式方程求解一元高阶多项式方程的解。
- 根据权利要求6所述的基于轴不变量的通用6R机械臂逆解建模与解算方法,其特征是,步骤【2】中,基于轴不变量的Dixon行列式计算式为:根据运动链Dixon行列式性质有:并记:由式(48)得3R运动学方程由式(143)得由式(144)得记则由式(62)及式得(146)由式(145)及式(146)得3R机械臂运动学方程的Dixon行列式的结构模型及特点:由式(148)得3R运动学多项式方程多项式系统F 3(Y 2|T 2),根据双线性型行列式通式则有其中:由式(128)及式(146)得得简化的3元N阶Dixon行列式为
- 根据权利要求5所述的基于轴不变量的通用3R机械臂逆解建模与解算方法,其特征是,步骤【2】中,对行列式进行行阶梯化计算原理:对于S×S矩阵,其每一项是关于τ 1的n阶多项式;计算该矩阵的行列式时,可通过初等行变换将原行列式变为上三角行列式,再将非零的对角线元素相乘,得到行列式的多项式表达式,该式为0,得到τ 1的所有解;行阶梯化的具体方法为,先对行列式第一列的最高阶次由高到低进行排序,再进行最多(S-1)×n次初等行变换消元,得到第一列只有第一个元素不为0的行列式;再对该行列式第1行及1列的余子式进行初等行变换消元,依次迭代求解。
- 根据权利要求5所述的基于轴不变量的通用6R机械臂逆解建模与解算方法,其特征是,步骤【3】中,n个“n元N阶”多项式系统的Dixon多项式构建步骤为:引入辅助变量[y 2,y 3,…,y n],且有得其中:由式(18)得考虑式(14)及式(19)得该多项式的Dixon行列式在笛卡尔空间下,由位置矢量或转动矢量构成的行列式表示矢量张成空间的容积(Volume);在不同笛卡尔空间下具有容积的不变性;其中:给定n个“n元N阶”多项式系统F n(Y n-1|X n-1),n≥2;存在与消去变量x 2,…,x n无关的Dixon矩阵 SΘ S(x 1),其Dixon多项式 表示为分离变量 及 的双重线性型:其中:Det( SΘ S(x 1))=0; (29)称式(29)中“n个n元”为Dixon消元的必要条件,从而获得可行解。
- 根据权利要求3所述的基于轴不变量的通用6R机械臂逆解建模与解算方法,其特征是,通用6R机械臂4、5轴求解方法:基于“Ju-Gibbs”四元数2R方向逆解或基于类DCM的2R方向逆解。
- 根据权利要求12所述的基于轴不变量的通用6R机械臂逆解建模与解算方法,其特征是,基于“Ju-Gibbs”四元数2R方向逆解:其中然后以Ju-Gibbs四元数指向对齐为基础,阐述2R机械臂指向逆解定理;其中:与欧拉四元数及对偶四元数相比,Ju-Gibbs四元数表征的位姿对齐不存在冗余方程;通过指向对齐,可以求解第4轴及第5轴的关节变量,为6R及7R机械臂逆解奠定了基础。
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