WO2020034402A1 - 基于轴不变量的多轴机器人结构参数精测方法 - Google Patents
基于轴不变量的多轴机器人结构参数精测方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020034402A1 WO2020034402A1 PCT/CN2018/112641 CN2018112641W WO2020034402A1 WO 2020034402 A1 WO2020034402 A1 WO 2020034402A1 CN 2018112641 W CN2018112641 W CN 2018112641W WO 2020034402 A1 WO2020034402 A1 WO 2020034402A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/0095—Means or methods for testing manipulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/023—Cartesian coordinate type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for precisely measuring the structural parameters of a multi-axis robot, and belongs to the technical field of robots.
- Multi-axis system modeling needs to fully parameterize the system topology, coordinate system, structural parameters and mass inertia in order to ensure the accuracy, reliability and real-time performance of the system.
- a fully parameterized kinematics and dynamics model is an important aspect of machine intelligence and the basis for system adaptability and inheritance.
- errors in the design structural parameters will inevitably be caused during machining and assembly. Therefore, the problem of accurate measurement of Engineering Structure Parameters of multi-axis robot systems needs to be solved.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a precise measurement method for structural parameters of a multi-axis multi-axis robot based on an axis invariant, so as to avoid the problem of excessive measurement error of the structural parameters of the multi-axis robot caused by taking Cartesian Cartesian coordinate system as a reference.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
- the multi-axis robot system includes a sequence of rods and joints.
- the joint sequence in the tree chain is converted into a corresponding axis sequence and its parent axis.
- Sequence, the axis of the axis sequence is a translation axis or a rotation axis;
- the axis set is used to describe the multi-axis robot system correspondingly.
- the natural joint space is based on the natural coordinate system F.
- the origin of the natural coordinate system F is located on the joint axis and the coordinate system directions are consistent when the system is reset ;
- A is the axis sequence
- F is the rod reference system sequence
- B is the rod body sequence
- K is the motion pair type sequence
- NT is the sequence of the constrained axis, that is, non-tree
- F is Cartesian Cartesian coordinate system sequence.
- the fixed axis invariant is formed by the axis invariant and the position vector of the origin on the axis.
- the structure parameter of the multi-axis system is the fixed axis invariant.
- a laser tracker or other measuring equipment is used to measure the end point of the robot arm to determine the invariance of the fixed axis of each axis.
- the measurement process is always performed in sequence from the root member to the blade member.
- Measurement steps include
- the measuring prism is consolidated with the rod l to be measured, and the position of the center l S of the prism is measured by a laser tracker i to obtain a corresponding position vector.
- a unit vector consolidated with the rod 1 to be measured is obtained
- the determination process of the dual vector attitude is:
- the fixed axis invariance is determined by the laser trackball fixed at the end of the robotic arm.
- each joint rotates 3 times, and 3 points are measured to obtain two vectors.
- the two trackballs at the end are tracked separately, Two laser tracking balls, each joint rotates once, get two vectors, and then use the precise measurement method to determine the fixed axis invariant.
- the method of this method is based on the natural coordinate system, and can accurately measure the fixed axis invariant in engineering.
- the repeatability of joints can be achieved, and the problem of excessive measurement error of structural parameters caused by Cartesian Cartesian coordinate system is avoided, which lays the foundation for the development of precision multi-axis robot systems.
- the present invention proposes and proves a method for precise measurement of structural parameters of a multi-axis system based on an axis invariant, which is characterized by: directly applying a structural parameter based on a fixed axis invariant obtained by precise measurement by a laser tracker or other measuring equipment to ensure accurate modeling Sex.
- the kinematics of a multi-axis system based on axis invariants unifies the classic kinematic principles of four-dimensional complex numbers and quaternions; it improves the compactness of the real-time kinematics system of multi-axis systems; thus, it improves the computing efficiency of kinematics systems.
- Figure 3 Schematic diagram of radial projection and natural zero position
- Figure 4 Schematic diagram of fixed axis rotation
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of determining an origin of a fixed axis invariant.
- Natural coordinate axis The unit reference axis with a fixed origin that is coaxial with the motion axis or measurement axis is called the natural coordinate axis, also known as the natural reference axis.
- Natural coordinate system As shown in Figure 1, if the multi-axis system D is at zero position, all Cartesian body coordinate systems have the same direction, and the origin of the body coordinate system is on the axis of the motion axis, then the coordinate system is a natural coordinate system. , Referred to as the natural coordinate system.
- the advantages of the natural coordinate system are: (1) the coordinate system is easy to determine; (2) the joint variables at the zero position are zero; (3) the system attitude at the zero position is consistent; (4) it is not easy to introduce a measurement error.
- the coordinate axis is a reference direction with a zero position and a unit scale. It can describe the position of translation in that direction, but it cannot fully describe the rotation angle around the direction, because the coordinate axis itself does not have a radial reference direction, that is There is a zero position that characterizes rotation. In practical applications, the radial reference of this shaft needs to be supplemented. For example: in Cartesian F [l] , to rotate around lx, you need to use ly or lz as the reference zero.
- the coordinate axis itself is 1D, and three orthogonal 1D reference axes constitute a 3D Cartesian frame.
- the axis invariant is a 3D spatial unit reference axis, which is itself a frame. It has its own radial reference axis, the reference mark.
- the spatial coordinate axis and its own radial reference axis determine the Cartesian frame.
- the spatial coordinate axis can reflect the three basic reference attributes of the motion axis and the measurement axis.
- [2] is a 3D reference axis, which not only has an axial reference direction, but also has a radial reference zero position, which will be explained in section 3.3.1.
- the axis invariant For axis invariants, its absolute derivative is its relative derivative. Since the axis invariant is a natural reference axis with invariance, its absolute derivative is always a zero vector. Therefore, the axis invariant is invariant to time differentiation. Have:
- the basis vector e l is any vector consolidated with F [l] .
- the basis vector With Any vector of consolidation, Is F [l] and Common unit vector, so Is F [l] and Shared basis vector. So the axis is invariant Is F [l] and Common reference base.
- Axis invariants are parameterized natural coordinate bases and primitives for multi-axis systems. The translation and rotation of a fixed axis invariant are equivalent to the translation and rotation of a fixed coordinate system.
- optical measurement equipment such as laser trackers can be applied to achieve accurate measurement of invariants of fixed axes.
- the cylindrical pair can be applied to simplify the MAS kinematics and dynamics analysis.
- Invariant A quantity that does not depend on a set of coordinate systems for measurement is called an invariant.
- Natural coordinates take the natural coordinate axis vector as the reference direction, the angular position or line position relative to the zero position of the system, and record it as q l , which is called natural coordinates;
- natural motion vector will be determined by the natural axis vector And the vector determined by natural coordinates q l Called the natural motion vector. among them:
- the natural motion vector realizes the unified expression of axis translation and rotation.
- a vector to be determined by the natural axis vector and the joint such as Called the free motion vector, also known as the free spiral.
- the axis vector Is a specific free spiral.
- joint space The space represented by the joint natural coordinates q l is called joint space.
- the Cartesian space that expresses the position and pose (posture for short) is called a shape space, which is a double vector space or a 6D space.
- Natural joint space using the natural coordinate system as a reference, through joint variables Means that there must be when the system is zero The joint space is called natural joint space.
- Axis vector Is the natural reference axis of the natural coordinates of the joint. Because Is an axis invariant, so Is a fixed axis invariant, which characterizes the motion pair The structural relationship is determined by the natural coordinate axis. Fixed axis invariant Is a link Natural description of structural parameters.
- Natural coordinate axis space The fixed axis invariant is used as the natural reference axis, and the space represented by the corresponding natural coordinate is called the natural coordinate axis space, which is referred to as the natural axis space. It is a 3D space with 1 degree of freedom.
- any motion pair in the loop can be selected, and the stator and the mover constituting the motion pair can be separated; thus, a loop-free tree structure is obtained.
- the Span tree represents a span tree with directions to describe the topological relationship of the tree chain movement.
- I is a structural parameter; A is an axis sequence; F is a bar reference sequence; B is a bar body sequence; K is a motion pair type sequence; NT is a sequence of constrained axes, that is, a non-tree.
- Axis sequence a member of.
- Rotary pair R, prism pair P, spiral pair H, and contact pair O are special examples of cylindrical pair C.
- the motion chain is identified by a partial order set ().
- O () represents the number of operations in the calculation process, and usually refers to the number of floating-point multiplications and additions. It is very tedious to express the calculation complexity by the number of floating-point multiplication and addition. Therefore, the main operation times in the algorithm cycle are often used;
- l l k is the kinematic chain from axis l to axis k, and the output is expressed as And
- the cardinality is written as
- l l k execution process execution If Then execute Otherwise, end.
- the computational complexity of l l k is O (
- l L means to obtain a closed subtree composed of axis l and its subtrees, Is a subtree without l; recursively execute l l with a computational complexity of
- ⁇ means attribute placeholder; if the attribute p or P is about position, then Should be understood as a coordinate system To the origin of F [l] ; if the attribute p or P is about direction, then Should be understood as a coordinate system To F [l] .
- attribute variables or constants with partial order include the indicators indicating partial order in the name; either include the upper left corner and lower right corner indexes, or include the upper right corner and lower right corner indexes; Their directions are always from the upper left corner indicator to the lower right corner indicator, or from the upper right corner indicator to the lower right corner indicator.
- the description of the direction is sometimes omitted. Even if omitted, those skilled in the art can also use symbolic expressions. It is known that, for each parameter used in this application, for a certain attribute symbol, their directions are always from the upper left corner index to the lower right corner index of the partial order index, or from the upper right corner index to the lower right corner index.
- the symbol specifications and conventions of this application are determined based on the two principles of the partial order of the kinematic chain and the chain link being the basic unit of the kinematic chain, reflecting the essential characteristics of the kinematic chain.
- the chain indicator represents the connection relationship, and the upper right indicator represents the reference system.
- This symbolic expression is concise and accurate, which is convenient for communication and written expression.
- they are structured symbol systems that contain the elements and relationships that make up each attribute quantity, which is convenient for computer processing and lays the foundation for computer automatic modeling.
- the meaning of the indicator needs to be understood through the background of the attribute, that is, the context; for example: if the attribute is a translation type, the indicator at the upper left corner indicates the origin and direction of the coordinate system; if the attribute is a rotation type, the indicator at the top left The direction of the coordinate system.
- rotation vector / angle vector I is a free vector, that is, the vector can be freely translated
- the angular position that is, the joint angle and joint variables, are scalars
- T means transpose of ⁇ , which means transpose the collection and do not perform transpose on the members; for example:
- Projection symbol ⁇ represents vector or tensor of second order group reference projection vector or projection sequence, i.e. the vector of coordinates or coordinate array, that is, the dot product projection "*"; as: position vector
- the projection vector in the coordinate system F [k] is written as
- Is a cross multiplier for example: Is axis invariant Cross product matrix; given any vector
- the cross product matrix is
- the cross product matrix is a second-order tensor.
- i l j represents a kinematic chain from i to j
- l l k is a kinematic chain from axis l to k
- n represents the Cartesian Cartesian system, then Is a Cartesian axis chain; if n represents a natural reference axis, then For natural shaft chains.
- the adjacent members l and Axis vectors have the same coordinates; on the other hand, the axis vectors By origin direction Outside, axis vector Point from the origin O l to the outside of O l , they have the same coordinates, that is, the axis invariant It has a total order relationship, and there is no difference between its positive order and reverse order. therefore
- the projection scalar is the coordinate Zero vector Pair of axes vector
- the projection vector is Zero vector Zero axis vector
- the projection vector is Zero vector Radial projection transformation And system zero projection transformation
- Axis vector Relative to rod And ⁇ l or natural coordinate system And F [l] is fixed, so this rotation is called fixed axis rotation.
- the projection vector is Zero vector after rotation
- the moment vector is
- the axial component is Rodrigues vector equation with chain index
- Equation (7) shows: On the one hand, in adjacent natural coordinate systems, Axis vectors have the same coordinates; on the other hand, the axis vectors By origin direction Outside, axis vector Point from O l to the outside of O l , they have the same coordinates, that is, the axis invariant It has a total order relationship, and there is no difference between its positive order and reverse order. therefore
- Negative value and opposite joint angle Can be obtained in reverse order
- negative values and inversion of topological (connection) order are two different concepts.
- multi-axis system theory Used as a reference axis for joint actuators and sensors. It is a system reference specification. Heng holds, that is, the axis vector Is invariant.
- Equation (10) is about with Multivariable linear equation is an axis invariant Second-order polynomial. Given a natural zero vector As Zero reference, and Respectively the zero vector and the radial vector. Equation (10) is Symmetry Represents zero-axis tensor, antisymmetric part Represents the radial axial tensor, and the axial outer product tensor, respectively Orthogonal to determine the three-dimensional natural axis space; Equation (10) contains only one sine and cosine operation, 6 product operations, and 6 sum operations, and the calculation complexity is low; And joint variables The coordinate system and polarity are parameterized.
- Axis vector With second-order nilpotency Is a first-order radial transformation or a first-order moment transformation, which is antisymmetric; and Second and third-order radial transformations, respectively; Periodic.
- the natural joint space of the multi-axis system D ⁇ T, A, B, K, F, NT ⁇ is based on the natural coordinate system F.
- the origin of the natural coordinate system F is located on the joint axis and the coordinate system directions are the same when the system is reset. .
- A is the axis sequence
- F is the rod reference frame sequence
- B is the rod body sequence
- K is the motion pair type sequence
- NT is the sequence that constrains the axis, that is, non-tree.
- F is the Cartesian Cartesian coordinate system sequence.
- Axis sequence a member of.
- Rotary pair R, prism pair P, spiral pair H, and contact pair O are special examples of cylindrical pair C.
- the structure parameters of the multi-axis system are The configuration space is expressed as
- sports pair Joint rotation angle vector Position vector Position vector
- joint variable q l Zero point from origin Translation vector to origin O l ;
- the measurement of the fixed-axis invariant is shown in FIG. 5.
- the laser tracker is used to measure the measurement points l S ′ and l S on the rod l. First, get the shaft l to rotate The position of the measuring point after the angle is and Then, get the shaft l turned The position of the measuring point after the angle is and Finally, the unit position vector is calculated and The measurement process is always performed sequentially from the root member to the leaf member.
- the invariant of the fixed axis is determined by the laser track ball fixed at the end of the robot arm.
- Each joint is rotated 3 times, and 3 points are measured to obtain two vectors, or when two trackballs at the end are tracked respectively, two laser trackballs are rotated.
- Each joint is rotated once to obtain two vectors, and then determined by precise measurement.
- the fixed shaft is invariant, and the measurement process is always performed sequentially from the root member to the leaf member.
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Claims (9)
- 一种基于轴不变量的多轴机器人结构参数精测方法,其特征是,建立多轴机器人系统D={T,A,B,K,F,NT},多轴机器人系统包含杆件序列与关节序列,将树链中的关节序列转换成对应的轴序列及其父轴序列,所述轴序列的轴为平动轴或转动轴;使用轴集合来对应描述所述多轴机器人系统,以自然坐标系为基础,自然关节空间是以自然坐标系统F为参考,自然坐标系统F的原点位于关节轴线且在系统复位时坐标系方向一致;其中: 为有向Span树,A为轴序列,F为杆件参考系序列,B为杆件体序列,K为运动副类型序列,NT为约束轴的序列即非树;F为笛卡尔直角坐标系序列。 为取轴序列 的成员;转动副R,棱柱副P,螺旋副H,接触副O;应用激光跟踪仪或其他测量设备测量杆件l上的测点l S′及l S,测量过程总是由根杆件至叶杆件依次进行;应用激光跟踪仪或其他测量设备测量机械臂末端点确定各轴固定轴不变量,测量过程总是由根杆件至叶杆件依次进行。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于轴不变量的多轴机器人结构参数精测方法,其特征是,应用激光跟踪仪或其他测量设备测量机械臂末端点确定各轴固定轴不变量:通过固定在机械臂末端的激光跟踪球确定固定轴不变量,当末端一个跟踪球时,每个关节转3次,测量3个点,得到两个矢量,或者末端两个跟踪球时,分别跟踪两个激光跟踪球,每个关节转动一次,得到两个矢量,然后利用精测方法确定固定轴不变量。
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