WO2020029348A1 - 一种谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置 - Google Patents

一种谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020029348A1
WO2020029348A1 PCT/CN2018/103397 CN2018103397W WO2020029348A1 WO 2020029348 A1 WO2020029348 A1 WO 2020029348A1 CN 2018103397 W CN2018103397 W CN 2018103397W WO 2020029348 A1 WO2020029348 A1 WO 2020029348A1
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Prior art keywords
threshing
rack
concave plate
gear set
transmission
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PCT/CN2018/103397
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐忠
张浩天
周跃鹏
李宇
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18—Threshing devices
    • A01F12/22—Threshing cylinders with teeth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18—Threshing devices
    • A01F12/24—One-part threshing concaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/40—Arrangements of straw crushers or cutters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/44—Grain cleaners; Grain separators
    • A01F12/446—Sieving means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/56—Driving mechanisms for the threshing parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of grain threshing and separating devices on a combine harvester, in particular to a high-speed centrifugal threshing device of a grain combine.
  • the vertical axial flow threshing and separating device is an important part of the combine harvester.
  • the combine When the combine is working in the field, it will feed the harvested grain into the threshing drum for threshing and separation.
  • the performance parameters such as the depuration rate and the breakage rate are directly good. Affects the quality of the combine harvester. Compared with the cutting drum, it has longer threshing time, higher depuration rate and better threshing and separation performance.
  • it When it is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the machine, it is not limited by the size of the combined harvester. Therefore, it is more and more widely used in On the harvester.
  • the devices and methods for the threshing and separation of longitudinal axial flow grain on a combine harvester mainly include:
  • Chinese patent CN201520994619.9 has invented a longitudinal axial flow differential threshing roller, which is connected by two differential threshing rollers before and after. The drum rotates at a low speed and the rear threshing drum rotates at a high speed, which can effectively solve the problem of high yield rice and difficult to remove varieties.
  • Chinese patent CN201520994798.6 invented an anti-blocking kneading type threshing drum device.
  • the bar material is a kneading type when the grain is threshed, which can reduce the impact on the grain under the action of the centrifugal force of the threshing drum.
  • Chinese patent CN201610656061.2 invented a longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device with a forced feeding device, by combining the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device with the function of threshing and separating materials and the forced feeding device Two for one, the grasping capacity of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device is increased, the working efficiency of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device is improved, the removal rate of the longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device is improved, and the loss rate is reduced.
  • the present invention provides a high-speed centrifugal threshing device for a grain combine, which integrates threshing and weeding devices, and removes parts such as cover plates, which effectively optimizes the structure of the drum.
  • the entire device uses gears Compared with the traditional belt drive structure, the transmission makes the thresher speed more stable, the structure is more compact, the working performance is reliable, and the working life is extended.
  • the present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.
  • a high-speed centrifugal threshing device for a grain combine includes a rotary concave plate screen, a power input gear set, a transmission gear group, and a grass crushing device.
  • the rotary concave plate screen includes a concave plate screen and an external tooth top cover.
  • the grass-breaking device includes a second bevel gear, a grass-breaking blade mounting shaft, a grass-breaking blade, and a blade holder; the blade holders are evenly distributed on the grass-breaking blade installation shaft, and the grass-breaking blade is installed on the blade holder
  • a second bevel gear is provided at each end of the grass cutter mounting shaft; any one of the second bevel gears is connected to the transmission gear set;
  • the transmission gear set includes a transmission shaft B, a first bevel gear and a second helical gear; a first bevel gear is fixed at one end of the transmission shaft B, a second helical gear is mounted on the transmission shaft B, and the second helical gear One-to-one correspondence with the external tooth top cover, the second helical gear meshes with the external tooth top cover; the first bevel gear meshes with the second bevel gear.
  • stator drum further includes a stator drum;
  • the stator drum includes a threshing rack mounting shaft, a threshing rack, and a central shaft fixing seat;
  • the threshing rack mounting shaft passes through the rotary concave plate screen, and the threshing rack is installed Both ends of the shaft are supported by the central shaft fixing seat;
  • the threshing toothed rod installation shaft is installed with a plurality of threshing toothed rods which are uniformly distributed in the axial direction and the radial direction, and the axially adjacent threshing toothed rods are staggered and distributed.
  • the threshing rack includes a threshing rack A and a threshing rack B
  • the threshing rack A is composed of a plurality of radial threshing racks uniformly distributed
  • the threshing rack B is composed of several radial racks
  • the threshing rack is uniformly distributed; the threshing rack A and the threshing rack B are axially distributed on the threshing rack mounting shaft, and the threshing rack and the adjacent threshing rack are in the threshing rack
  • the included angle of the threshing racks of group B is 30-45 °; the arrangement spacing between the threshing racks of group B is twice the arrangement spacing of the threshing racks of group A.
  • the threshing racks of the threshing rack A and the threshing racks of the threshing rack B are cylindrical rods with the same diameter and length; the distance between the adjacent threshing racks A is 135 145 mm to 145 mm, and the distance between adjacent groups of the threshing racks B is 270 to 290 mm.
  • a guide bar is further included; the guide bars are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the outer tooth top cover and the concave plate screen.
  • the deflector strip is a semi-circular strip-shaped thin plate; the arrangement direction of the deflector strip and the radial direction of the concave plate screen present an angle of 10 ° to 15 °, and the distance between adjacent deflector strips is adjacent to The spacing between the threshing racks A is the same.
  • the height of the grass cutters is increased from the two sides to the center in order, and the interval between the grass cutters is 80-100 mm.
  • the high-speed centrifugal threshing device of the grain combine harvester according to the present invention, the entire transmission system is composed of gear transmission, and the power is transmitted from the gear box to the transmission shaft A, and then the transmission shaft A is transmitted to the rotary concave plate screen, and The rotary concave plate screen drives the transmission shaft B to rotate, and the transmission shaft B then drives the grass crushing device to rotate.
  • the gear transmission makes the rotation speed of each component stable, and effectively reduces the loss in power transmission and improves the transmission efficiency.
  • the high-speed centrifugal threshing device of the grain combine harvester omits components such as spokes, spokes, feeding heads, positioning plates, etc.
  • the structure of the drum is greatly simplified and the internal space is increased. This makes the movement of the material in the threshing device smoother and effectively solves the problem that the material is easily entangled on the spokes, spokes, and threshing gear.
  • the high-speed centrifugal threshing device of the grain combine harvester according to the present invention the rotary concave plate sieve rotates at high speed during work. Compared with the traditional working mode of rotating the rotary plate and fixed concave plate sieve, the quality of the concave plate sieve is more high. It is small, and the eccentric moment due to assembly errors and other problems during high-speed rotation is smaller, which is beneficial to reduce the vibration of the threshing device and make its work more stable.
  • the high-speed centrifugal threshing device of the grain combine harvester of the present invention works by rotating the concave plate sieve at a high speed and the drum is fixed. After the material enters the threshing device, it will abut the inner wall of the concave plate sieve due to the centrifugal force. Throwing of the threshing rack, the material moves along the guide bar, which avoids the problem that the stem is broken due to excessive hitting by the threshing rack and the grain leaks from the concave plate sieve together with the grain, which improves the threshing and separation ability It also reduces the power consumption caused by excessive collision between the threshing rack and the stem.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a high-speed centrifugal threshing device of a grain combine according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a high-speed centrifugal threshing device of a grain combine harvester according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an assembly drawing of a stator roller according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an assembly structure diagram of a stator roller and a rotary concave plate screen according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a guide bar distribution according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an assembly drawing of a transmission shaft system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a transmission according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an assembly diagram of the grass crushing device according to the present invention.
  • 1-Stator drum 101-Thresher rack shaft; 102-Thresher rack A group; 103-Thresher rack B group; 104-Central shaft fixed seat; 2-Rotary concave plate screen; 201-External gear top cover ; 202--Concave sieve; 203-Deflector; 3-Power input gear set; 301-Power input gear box; 302-Drive shaft A; 303-Drive shaft A support; 304-First helical gear; 4 -Transmission gear set; 401- Transmission shaft B; 402- Transmission shaft B support; 403- first bevel gear; 404- second helical gear; 5- grass breaking device; 501- second bevel gear; 502- broken grass Knife mounting shaft; 503-grass cutter; 504-knife holder; 505-install shaft support base.
  • the high-speed centrifugal threshing device of the grain combine harvester includes a stator drum 1, a rotary concave plate screen 2, a power input gear set 3, a transmission gear set 4, and a grass breaking device 5 .
  • the grass cutting device 5 includes a second bevel gear 501, a grass cutting blade mounting shaft 502, a grass cutting blade 503, and a blade holder 504; the blade seating 504 is evenly distributed on the grass cutting blade mounting shaft 502, and the blade holder A grass cutter 503 is installed on 504; two ends of the grass cutter mounting shaft 502 are provided with second bevel gears 501; any one of the second bevel gears 501 is connected to the transmission gear set 4; the transmission gear set 4 includes a transmission shaft B401, a first bevel gear 403, and a second helical gear 404; one end of the transmission shaft B401 is fixed with a first bevel gear 403, and a second helical gear 404 is installed on the transmission shaft B401, and the second helical gear 404 corresponds to the external tooth top cover 201 one by one, the second helical gear 404 meshes with the external tooth top cover 201, and the first bevel gear 403 meshes with the second bevel gear 501.
  • the transmission gear set 4 is located on the left and right sides of the rotary concave plate screen 2.
  • the second helical gear 404 is engaged with the external tooth top cover 201.
  • the grass crushing device 5 is located on the discharge side and the axis of the rotary concave plate screen 2.
  • the threshing racks of the threshing rack A group 102 and the threshing racks of the threshing rack B group 103 are cylindrical rods with the same diameter and length; the distance between the adjacent threshing racks A group 102 is 135 to 145 mm, and the distance between the adjacent threshing rack B group (103) is 270 to 290 mm.
  • the threshing rack mounting shaft 101 has a length of 1750 to 1800 mm and a diameter of 50 to 70 mm.
  • the threshing rack A 102 and the threshing rack B 103 are each composed of 4 radial threshing racks. On the threshing rack mounting shaft 101, 11 to 12 threshing racks are uniformly arranged, and on the threshing rack mounting shaft 101, 5 to 6 threshing racks are uniformly arranged.
  • the rotary concave plate screen 2 includes an external tooth top cover 201, a concave plate screen 202, and a guide bar 203; the external tooth top cover 201 is located at two ends of the concave plate screen 202 and is connected with the concave
  • the plate screen 202 is installed coaxially; the guide bars 203 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the external tooth top cover 201; the thickness of the external tooth top cover 201 is 30 to 40 mm, the inner diameter is 700 to 720 mm, and the outer diameter is 740. ⁇ 750mm; the concave plate screen 202 has a diameter of 700-720mm and a length of 1350-1400mm. It is composed of two upper and lower semicircular mesh screens, which are connected by bolts as a whole, and are welded in the middle of the two external tooth caps 201 The external gear of the external tooth top cover 201 rotates to the left.
  • 6 to 8 pairs of guide bars 203 are uniformly welded on the inner wall of the concave plate screen 202, the directions of the guide bars 203 are parallel, and the guide bars 203 are staggered on the concave plate screen 202.
  • the guide strips 203 are semi-circular, with a thickness of 2-3 mm and a height of 20-25 mm; the arrangement direction of the guide strips 203 and the concave screen 202 are at an angle of 10 ° to 15 ° in the radial direction.
  • the interval between the deflector bars 203 is the same as the interval between the adjacent threshing rack A group 102.
  • the transmission gear set 4 mainly includes a transmission shaft B401, a transmission shaft B support base 402, a first bevel gear 403, and a second helical gear 404; the transmission shaft B401 is provided in two, and is respectively located on the two sides of the rotary concave plate screen 2
  • the transmission shaft B support base 402 is provided in four, and is respectively sleeved at two ends of the two transmission shafts B401;
  • the second helical gear 404 is provided in four, and each transmission shaft B401 is provided with two, fixed
  • the two sides of the rotary concave plate screen 2 mesh with the two external tooth top covers 201;
  • the first bevel gears 403 are provided in two, and are respectively installed at the tail ends of the two transmission shafts B401 and in the grass breaking device 5.
  • the second bevel gear 501 meshes.
  • the power input gear box 301 is used to transmit the power of the engine to the entire threshing device. Because the engine speed of the grain combine is constant, in order to control the speed of the high-speed centrifugal threshing device within the optimal working speed range, the power input gear box 301 The internal transmission ratio is 1: 2 to 1: 2.5.
  • the helical gear 304 rotates with the transmission shaft A302, and transmits the power transmitted by the power input gear box 301 to the rotary concave plate screen 2 to make it rotate at high speed.
  • the transmission ratio between the helical gear 304 and the rotary concave plate screen 2 is 4: 1 to 5: 1, and the rotary concave plate screen 2 will transmit power to the transmission gear set 4 through meshing with the second helical gear 404.
  • the rotary type The transmission ratio between the concave plate screen 2 and the second helical gear 404 is 1: 4 to 1: 5.
  • the first bevel gear 403 transmits power to the second bevel gear 501, which drives the grass breaking device 5 to rotate at high speed.
  • the transmission ratio between the bevel gear 403 and the second bevel gear 501 is 1.5: 1 to 2: 1.
  • the transmission shaft A302 has a length of 2000 to 2050 mm and a diameter of 30 to 40 mm
  • the transmission shaft B401 has a length of 1750 to 1800 mm and a diameter of 30 to 40 mm.
  • the grass cutting device 5 includes a second bevel gear 501, a grass cutting blade mounting shaft 502, a grass cutting blade 503, a knife holder 504, and a mounting shaft support seat 505;
  • the mounting shaft 502 is uniformly welded in four rows along the circumferential direction, and there are bolt holes on both sides of the knife seat 504, and the inside is hollow;
  • the grass cutter 503 has bolt through holes below the side, and is fixed to the hollow place inside the knife seat 504 by bolts;
  • the second bevel gear 501 is mounted on both ends of the grass cutter mounting shaft 502;
  • the mounting shaft support 505 is mounted on the inside of the second bevel gear 501 on the grass cutter mounting shaft 502.
  • the first bevel gear 403 and the second bevel gear 501 are spur bevel gears.
  • the length of the grass cutter mounting shaft 502 is 870 to 900 mm and the diameter is 30 to 40 mm.
  • the blade holder 504 is welded symmetrically from the center of the grass cutter mounting shaft 502 to both sides into 4 rows, 6 in each row, and each row of knives.
  • the included angle between the seat 504 and the adjacent row is 90 °; the grass cutter 503 is fastened to the knife seat 504 by means of bolt connection.
  • the height of the grass cutter 503 is 80-320 mm, and the height from the sides to the center is increased by 90 to 110 mm.
  • the thickness of the grass cutter 503 is 3 to 5 mm, and the distance between the grass cutters is 80 to 100 mm.
  • the specific implementation process is: the stator drum 1 is fixed, the power input gear set 3 drives the rotary concave plate screen 2 to rotate at high speed, and the rotary concave plate screen 2 transmits power to the grass cutting device 5 through the transmission gear group 4 5 also starts high-speed rotation.
  • the material enters the gap between the rotary concave plate sieve 2 and the stator roller 1 from the feeding end along the guide bar 203, and close to the inner wall of the rotary concave plate sieve 2 due to the centrifugal force.
  • the threshing rack A 102 and the threshing rack In group B 103 the animal feed stalks are continuously moved along the guide bar 203, and the grains fall from the gap on the rotary concave plate screen 2 to complete the threshing and separation process. Finally, after the stem moves to the discharge port, the grass crushing device 5 cuts the stem to complete the entire work process.

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)

Abstract

一种谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，包括定子滚筒（1）、旋转式凹板筛（2）、动力输入齿轮组（3）、传动齿轮组（4）和碎草装置（5）；旋转式凹板筛（2）包括凹板筛（202）和外齿顶盖（201），凹板筛（202）两端分别固定安装外齿顶盖（201）；动力输入齿轮组（3）位于凹板筛（202）一端，且动力输入齿轮组（3）与外齿顶盖齿轮副啮合，用于使旋转式凹板筛（2）旋转；传动齿轮组（4）的输入端与外齿顶盖齿轮副啮合，传动齿轮组（4）的输出端与碎草装置（5）连接；碎草装置（5）位于凹板筛（202）另一端。离心脱粒装置将脱粒与碎草装置一体化，有效优化了滚筒的结构，同时整个装置采用齿轮传动，与传统带轮传动结构相比，使得脱粒装置转速更加稳定，结构更加紧凑，工作性能可靠，延长了工作寿命。

Description

一种谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置 技术领域
本发明涉及联合收割机上谷物脱粒分离装置技术领域，特别涉及一种谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置。
背景技术
纵轴流脱粒分离装置是联合收割机上的重要组成部分，联合收割机在田间工作时会将收割的谷物喂入脱粒滚筒内进行脱粒分离，其脱净率、破损率等性能参数的好坏直接影响着联合收割机的工作质量。与切流滚筒相比，其脱粒时间更长、脱净率高、脱粒分离性能更好，沿机器纵向布置时长度不受联合收获机整机尺寸的限制，因此越来越广泛的应用在联合收割机上。
目前关于联合收割机上纵轴流谷物脱粒分离的装置及方法主要有：中国专利CN201520994619.9发明了一种纵轴流差速脱粒滚筒，通过差速器连接前后两个脱粒滚筒，工作时前脱粒滚筒低速旋转，后脱粒滚筒高速旋转，可有效解决高产稻和难脱品种脱不净的问题。中国专利CN201520994798.6发明了一种防阻塞揉搓式脱粒滚筒装置，通过设置揉搓板装置和甩锤装置使得棒料对谷物脱粒时都是揉搓式，可以在脱粒滚筒转动离心力的作用下减少对粮食的损坏，提高脱粒质量；中国专利CN201610656061.2发明了一种带有强制喂入装置的纵轴流脱粒分离装置，通过将具有脱粒分离物料作用的纵轴流脱粒分离装置与强制喂入装置合二为一，增加了纵轴流脱粒分离装置的抓取能力，提高了纵轴流脱粒分离装置的工作效率，提高了纵轴流脱粒分离装置的脱净率、减少了损失率。
以上发明均实现了对纵轴流脱粒装置的结构优化，但是现有的纵轴流脱粒滚筒在高速旋转时依然存在较大的离心力，且转速不稳定，使得物料茎秆在滚筒内与脱粒齿杆间的碰撞大于脱粒分离所需的打击力，茎秆断碎严重，导致脱粒滚筒的所需功耗增大、脱粒分离效果不佳，并加重了清选装置的负担。
发明内容
针对现有的谷物联合收割机纵轴流脱粒滚筒在脱粒过程中，茎秆由于受到高速旋转的脱粒齿杆的击打，折损率较高，导致联合收割机分离效果不佳，并加剧机器能耗的现象，本发明提供了一种谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，将脱粒与碎草装置一体化，并去除了盖板等部件，有效优化了滚筒的结构，同时，整个装置采用齿轮传动，与传统带轮传动结构相比，使得脱粒装置转速更加稳定，结构更加紧凑，工作性能可靠，延长了工作寿命。
本发明是通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的的。
一种谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，包括旋转式凹板筛、动力输入齿轮组、传动齿轮组和碎草装置；所述旋转式凹板筛包括凹板筛和外齿顶盖，所述凹板筛两端分别固定安装外齿顶盖；所述动力输入齿轮组位于凹板筛一端，且所述动力输入齿轮组与所述外齿顶盖齿轮副啮合，用于使旋转式凹板筛旋转；所述传动齿轮组的输入端与所述外齿顶盖齿轮副啮合，所述传动齿轮组的输出端与碎草装置连接；所述碎草装置位于凹板筛另一端。
进一步，所述动力输入齿轮组包括动力输入齿轮箱、传动轴A和第一斜齿轮；所述动力输入齿轮箱设有两个平行的输出端，每个所述输出端连接传动轴A，每个所述传动轴A上安装两个第一斜齿轮，所述第一斜齿轮与外齿顶盖啮合。
进一步，所述碎草装置包括第二锥齿轮、碎草刀安装轴、碎草刀和刀座；所述碎草刀安装轴上均布所述刀座，所述刀座上安装碎草刀；所述碎草刀安装轴两端分别设有第二锥齿轮；任一所述第二锥齿轮与所述传动齿轮组连接；
所述传动齿轮组包括传动轴B、第一锥齿轮和第二斜齿轮；所述传动轴B一端固定第一锥齿轮，所述传动轴B上安装第二斜齿轮，所述第二斜齿轮与外齿顶盖一一对应，所述第二斜齿轮与外齿顶盖啮合；所述第一锥齿轮与第二锥齿轮啮合。
进一步，还包括定子滚筒；所述定子滚筒包括脱粒齿杆安装轴、脱粒齿杆和中心轴固定座；所述脱粒齿杆安装轴穿过所述旋转式凹板筛，所述脱粒齿杆安装轴两端通过所述中心轴固定座支撑；所述脱粒齿杆安装轴上安装若干轴向和径向均布的脱粒齿杆，且轴向相邻的脱粒齿杆交错分布。
进一步，所述脱粒齿杆包括脱粒齿杆A组和脱粒齿杆B组，所述脱粒齿杆A组由若干径向均布的脱粒齿杆组成，所述脱粒齿杆B组由若干径向均布的脱粒齿杆组成；所述脱粒齿杆A组和脱粒齿杆B组轴向分布在脱粒齿杆安装轴上，且所述脱粒齿杆A组的脱粒齿杆与相邻脱粒齿杆B组的脱粒齿杆夹角为30～45°；所述脱粒齿杆B组之间的布置间距为脱粒齿杆A组之间布置间距的两倍。
进一步，所述脱粒齿杆A组的脱粒齿杆和脱粒齿杆B组的脱粒齿杆均呈圆柱形杆状，且直径与长度相等；相邻所述脱粒齿杆A组间的间距为135～145mm，相邻所述脱粒齿杆B组间的间距为270～290mm。
进一步，还包括导流条；所述导流条均布于外齿顶盖和凹板筛的内壁上。
进一步，所述凹板筛的内壁上等间距的焊接若干对导流条。
进一步，所述导流条为半圆形条状薄板；所述导流条布置方向与凹板筛径向呈现10°～15°夹角，相邻所述导流条间的间距与相邻所述脱粒齿杆A组间的间距相同。
进一步，所述碎草刀的高度从两侧至中心依次递增，碎草刀间的间距为80～100mm。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1.本发明所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，整套传动系统均由齿轮传动构成，动力由齿轮箱传递到传动轴A，再由传动轴A传递到旋转式凹板筛上，同时旋转式凹板筛带动传动轴B转动，传动轴B再带动碎草装置转动，齿轮传动使得各部件的转速各加稳定，且有效的降低了动力传递中的损耗，提高了传动效率。
2.本发明所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，与传统的脱粒滚筒相比，省去了辐条、辐盘、喂入头、定位板等部件，滚筒结构大大简化，内部空间增大，使得物料在脱粒装置中的运动更加流畅，有效解决了物料容易缠绕在辐盘、辐条和脱粒齿杆等部件上的问题。
3.本发明所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，旋转式凹板筛在工作中高速旋转，与传统的滚筒旋转而凹板筛固定的工作方式相比，由于凹板筛的质量更小，高速旋转时因装配误差等问题产生的偏心力矩更小，有益于减轻脱粒装置的振动，使其工作更加稳定。
4.本发明所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，通过凹板筛高速旋转而滚筒固定的工作方式，物料进入脱粒装置后，会由于离心力的作用而紧贴凹板筛内壁，随着脱粒齿杆的拨动，物料顺着导流条移动，避免了茎秆因受到脱粒齿杆过多的击打而断裂从而与籽粒一同从凹板筛中漏下的问题，提高了脱粒分离能力，也减少了因脱粒齿杆与茎秆间碰撞过多而产生的功耗。
5.本发明所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，碎草装置设置在旋转式凹板筛排草口处，同时直接由旋转式凹板筛带动工作，实现了脱粒装置与碎草装置的一体化，可以使得联合收割机上的结构更加紧密，有益于联合收割机的结构优化。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置主视图。
图2为本发明所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置俯视图。
图3为本发明所述的定子滚筒装配图。
图4为本发明所述的定子滚筒与旋转式凹板筛装配结构图。
图5为本发明所述的旋转式凹板筛内部剖视图。
图6为本发明所述的导流条分布示意图。
图7为本发明所述的传动轴系装配图。
图8为本发明所述的传动原理图。
图9为本发明所述的碎草装置装配图。
图中：
1-定子滚筒；101-脱粒齿杆安装轴；102-脱粒齿杆A组；103-脱粒齿杆B组；104-中心轴固定座；2-旋转式凹板筛；201-外齿顶盖；202--凹板筛；203-导流条；3-动力输入齿轮组；301-动力输入齿轮箱；302-传动轴A；303-传动轴A支撑座；304-第一斜齿轮；4-传动齿轮组；401-传动轴B；402-传动轴B支撑座；403-第一锥齿轮；404-第二斜齿轮；5-碎草装置；501-第二锥齿轮；502-碎草刀安装轴；503-碎草刀；504-刀座；505-安装轴支撑座。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
如图1和图2所示，本发明所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，包括定子滚筒1、旋转式凹板筛2、动力输入齿轮组3、传动齿轮组4和碎草装置5。所述定子滚筒1穿入旋转式凹板筛2内部，与旋转式凹板筛2同轴线安装；所述动力输入齿轮组3包括动力输入齿轮箱301、传动轴A302和第一斜齿轮304；所述动力输入齿轮箱301设有两个平行的输出端，每个所述输出端连接传动轴A302，每个所述传动轴A302上安装两个第一斜齿轮304，所述第一斜齿轮304与外齿顶盖201啮合。如图所示，所述动力输入齿轮组3位于旋转式凹板筛2上下两侧，其第一斜齿轮304同外齿顶盖201相啮合；
所述碎草装置5包括第二锥齿轮501、碎草刀安装轴502、碎草刀503和刀座504；所述碎草刀安装轴502上均布所述刀座504，所述刀座504上安装碎草刀503；所述碎草刀安装轴502两端分别设有第二锥齿轮501；任一所述第二锥齿轮501与所述传动齿轮组4连接；所述传动齿轮组4包括传动轴B401、第一锥齿轮403和第二斜齿轮404；所述传动轴B401一端固定第一锥齿轮403，所述传动轴B401上安装第二斜齿轮404，所述第二斜齿轮404与外齿顶盖201一一对应，所述第二斜齿轮404与外齿顶盖201啮合；所述第一锥齿轮403与第二锥齿轮501啮合。所述传动齿轮组4位于旋转式凹板筛2左右两侧，其第二斜齿轮404同外齿顶盖201相啮合；所述碎草装置5位于旋转式凹板筛2出料侧且轴线在同一水平面上，其第二锥齿轮501与传动齿轮组4中的第一锥齿轮403啮合。
如图3所示，所述定子滚筒1主要包括脱粒齿杆安装轴101、脱粒齿杆A组102、脱粒齿杆B组103和中心轴固定座104；所述脱粒齿杆安装轴101穿过所述旋转式凹板筛2，所述脱粒齿杆安装轴101两端通过所述中心轴固定座104支撑；所述脱粒齿杆A组102由若干径向均布的脱粒齿杆组成，所述脱粒齿杆B组103由若干径向均布的脱粒齿杆组成；所述脱粒齿杆A组102和脱粒齿杆B组103轴向分布在脱粒齿杆安装轴101上，且所述脱粒齿杆A组102的脱粒齿杆与相邻脱粒齿杆B组103的脱粒齿杆夹角为30～45°；所述脱粒齿杆B组103之间的布置间距为脱粒齿杆A组102之间布置间距的两倍。所述脱粒齿杆A组102的脱 粒齿杆和脱粒齿杆B组103的脱粒齿杆均呈圆柱形杆状，且直径与长度相等；相邻所述脱粒齿杆A组102间的间距为135～145mm，相邻所述脱粒齿杆B组(103)间的间距为270～290mm。所述脱粒齿杆安装轴101长度为1750～1800mm，直径为50～70mm；所述脱粒齿杆A组102和所述脱粒齿杆B组103均由4个径向均布的脱粒齿杆组成，在脱粒齿杆安装轴101上所述脱粒齿杆A组102均匀布置着11～12个，在脱粒齿杆安装轴101上所述脱粒齿杆B组103均匀布置着5～6个。
如图4所示，所述旋转式凹板筛2包括外齿顶盖201、凹板筛202和导流条203；所述外齿顶盖201位于凹板筛202的两端，且与凹板筛202同轴线安装；所述导流条203均布于外齿顶盖201的内壁上；所述外齿顶盖201的厚度为30～40mm，内径为700～720mm，外径为740～750mm；所述凹板筛202直径为700～720mm，长度为1350～1400mm，由上下两个半圆形网状筛构成，通过螺栓连接为一个整体，焊接在两个外齿顶盖201中间；所述外齿顶盖201外齿轮旋向为左旋。
如图5和图6所示，凹板筛202内壁上均匀焊接着6～8对导流条203，各导流条203方向平行，且导流条203在凹板筛202上交错分布。所述导流条203呈半圆状，厚度为2～3mm，高度为20～25mm；所述导流条203布置方向与凹板筛202径向呈现10°～15°夹角，相邻所述导流条203间的间距与相邻所述脱粒齿杆A组102间的间距相同。
如图7和图8所示，整个传动轴系包括动力输入齿轮组3和传动齿轮组4。所述动力输入齿轮组3包括动力输入齿轮箱301、传动轴A302、传动轴A支撑座303和第一斜齿轮304；所述传动轴A302设置为两根，上下对称地从动力输入齿轮箱301中伸出；所述传动轴A支撑座303设置为四个，分别套于两根传动轴A302两端；所述第一斜齿轮304设置为四个，每根传动轴A302上套有两个，固定于旋转式凹板筛2的正上方和正下方，与两个外齿顶盖201啮合。所述第一斜齿轮304旋向为右旋；所述第二斜齿轮404旋向为右旋；
所述传动齿轮组4主要包括传动轴B401、传动轴B支撑座402、第一锥齿轮403和第二斜齿轮404；所述传动轴B401设置为两根，分别位于旋转式凹板筛2两侧；所述传动轴B支撑座402设置为四个，分别套于两根传动轴B401两端；所述第二斜齿轮404设置为四个，每根传动轴B401上套有两个，固定于旋转式凹板筛2两侧，与两个外齿顶盖201啮合；所述第一锥齿轮403设置为两个，分别装在两根传动轴B401的尾端，与碎草装置5中的第二锥齿轮501啮合。
所述动力输入齿轮箱301用于将发动机的动力传递给整个脱粒装置，由于谷物联合收割机的发动机转速一定，为控制高速离心脱粒装置的转速处于最佳工作转速范围内，动力输入齿轮箱301的内部传动比为1:2～1:2.5，所述斜齿轮304同传动轴A302一同旋转，将动力输 入齿轮箱301输送的动力传递给旋转式凹板筛2，使其高速旋转，第一斜齿轮304与旋转式凹板筛2间的传动比为4:1～5:1，旋转式凹板筛2再将通过与第二斜齿轮404啮合将动力传送至传动齿轮组4，旋转式凹板筛2与第二斜齿轮404间的传动比为1:4～1:5，所述第一锥齿轮403将动力传输给第二锥齿轮501，带动碎草装置5高速旋转，第一锥齿轮403与第二锥齿轮501间的传动比为1.5:1～2:1。所述传动轴A302长度为2000～2050mm，直径为30～40mm，所述传动轴B401长度为1750～1800mm，直径为30～40mm。
如图9所示，所述碎草装置5包括第二锥齿轮501、碎草刀安装轴502、碎草刀503、刀座504和安装轴支撑座505；所述刀座504在碎草刀安装轴502上沿周向均匀焊接为四排，刀座504两侧有螺栓孔，内部为空心；所述碎草刀503侧面下方有螺栓通孔，通过螺栓固定于刀座504内部空心处；所述第二锥齿轮501装于碎草刀安装轴502两端；所述安装轴支撑座505装于碎草刀安装轴502上第二锥齿轮501内侧。所述第一锥齿轮403和第二锥齿轮501为直齿锥齿轮。所述碎草刀安装轴502长度为870～900mm，直径为30～40mm；所述刀座504从碎草刀安装轴502中央向两侧对称焊接为4排，每排6个，每排刀座504与相邻一排间的夹角为90°；所述碎草刀503通过螺栓连接的方式紧固在刀座504上。所述碎草刀503的高度为80～320mm，从两侧至中心的高度递增90～110mm，碎草刀503的厚度为3～5mm，碎草刀的间距为80～100mm。
具体实施过程为：定子滚筒1固定不动，动力输入齿轮组3带动旋转式凹板筛2高速旋转，旋转式凹板筛2通过传动齿轮组4将动力传送至碎草装置5，碎草装置5同样开始高速旋转。物料沿导流条203从喂入端进入旋转式凹板筛2与定子滚筒1之间的空隙，并由于离心力作用紧贴旋转式凹板筛2内壁，脱粒齿杆A组102与脱粒齿杆B组103不断拨动物料茎秆沿导流条203移动，籽粒从旋转式凹板筛2上的缝隙间落下完成脱粒分离过程。最终在茎秆运动至排出口后，碎草装置5将茎秆切碎完成整个工作过程。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，其特征在于，包括旋转式凹板筛(2)、动力输入齿轮组(3)、传动齿轮组(4)和碎草装置(5)；所述旋转式凹板筛(2)包括凹板筛(202)和外齿顶盖(201)，所述凹板筛(202)两端分别固定安装外齿顶盖(201)；所述动力输入齿轮组(3)位于凹板筛(202)一端，且所述动力输入齿轮组(3)与所述外齿顶盖(201)齿轮副啮合，用于使旋转式凹板筛(2)旋转；所述传动齿轮组(4)的输入端与所述外齿顶盖(201)齿轮副啮合，所述传动齿轮组(4)的输出端与碎草装置(5)连接；所述碎草装置(5)位于凹板筛(202)另一端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，其特征在于，所述动力输入齿轮组(3)包括动力输入齿轮箱(301)、传动轴A(302)和第一斜齿轮(304)；所述动力输入齿轮箱(301)设有两个平行的输出端，每个所述输出端连接传动轴A(302)，每个所述传动轴A(302)上安装两个第一斜齿轮(304)，所述第一斜齿轮(304)与外齿顶盖(201)啮合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，其特征在于，所述碎草装置(5)包括第二锥齿轮(501)、碎草刀安装轴(502)、碎草刀(503)和刀座(504)；所述碎草刀安装轴(502)上均布所述刀座(504)，所述刀座(504)上安装碎草刀(503)；所述碎草刀安装轴(502)两端分别设有第二锥齿轮(501)；任一所述第二锥齿轮(501)与所述传动齿轮组(4)连接；
    所述传动齿轮组(4)包括传动轴B(401)、第一锥齿轮(403)和第二斜齿轮(404)；所述传动轴B(401)一端固定第一锥齿轮(403)，所述传动轴B(401)上安装第二斜齿轮(404)，所述第二斜齿轮(404)与外齿顶盖(201)一一对应，所述第二斜齿轮(404)与外齿顶盖(201)啮合；所述第一锥齿轮(403)与第二锥齿轮(501)啮合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，其特征在于，还包括定子滚筒(1)；所述定子滚筒(1)包括脱粒齿杆安装轴(101)、脱粒齿杆和中心轴固定座(104)；所述脱粒齿杆安装轴(101)穿过所述旋转式凹板筛(2)，所述脱粒齿杆安装轴(101)两端通过所述中心轴固定座(104)支撑；所述脱粒齿杆安装轴(101)上安装若干轴向和径向均布的脱粒齿杆，且轴向相邻的脱粒齿杆交错分布。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，其特征在于，所述脱粒齿杆包括脱粒齿杆A组(102)和脱粒齿杆B组(103)，所述脱粒齿杆A组(102)由若干径向均布的脱粒齿杆组成，所述脱粒齿杆B组(103)由若干径向均布的脱粒齿杆组成；所述脱粒齿杆A组(102)和脱粒齿杆B组(103)轴向分布在脱粒齿杆安装轴(101)上，且所述脱粒齿杆A组(102)的脱粒齿杆与相邻脱粒齿杆B组(103)的脱粒齿杆夹角为30～45°；所 述脱粒齿杆B组(103)之间的布置间距为脱粒齿杆A组(102)之间布置间距的两倍。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，其特征在于，所述脱粒齿杆A组(102)的脱粒齿杆和脱粒齿杆B组(103)的脱粒齿杆均呈圆柱形杆状，且直径与长度相等；相邻所述脱粒齿杆A组(102)间的间距为135～145mm，相邻所述脱粒齿杆B组(103)间的间距为270～290mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，其特征在于，还包括导流条(203)；所述导流条(203)均布于外齿顶盖(201)和凹板筛(202)的内壁上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，其特征在于，所述凹板筛(202)的内壁上等间距的焊接若干对导流条(203)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，其特征在于，所述导流条(203)为半圆形条状薄板；所述导流条(203)布置方向与凹板筛(202)径向呈现10°～15°夹角，相邻所述导流条(203)间的间距与相邻所述脱粒齿杆A组(102)间的间距相同。
  10. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置，其特征在于，所述碎草刀(503)的高度从两侧至中心依次递增，碎草刀(503)间的间距为80～100mm。
PCT/CN2018/103397 2018-08-09 2018-08-31 一种谷物联合收割机高速离心脱粒装置 Ceased WO2020029348A1 (zh)

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