WO2020027011A1 - ヒダントイン誘導体の固体分散体 - Google Patents
ヒダントイン誘導体の固体分散体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020027011A1 WO2020027011A1 PCT/JP2019/029564 JP2019029564W WO2020027011A1 WO 2020027011 A1 WO2020027011 A1 WO 2020027011A1 JP 2019029564 W JP2019029564 W JP 2019029564W WO 2020027011 A1 WO2020027011 A1 WO 2020027011A1
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- LDZJFVOUPUFOHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C(NC1=O)=O)N1c1cc(C)c(CCS(N(CC2)CCC22N=C(c(cc3)ccc3OC(F)(F)F)NC2=O)(=O)=O)c(C)c1 Chemical compound CC(C)(C(NC1=O)=O)N1c1cc(C)c(CCS(N(CC2)CCC22N=C(c(cc3)ccc3OC(F)(F)F)NC2=O)(=O)=O)c(C)c1 LDZJFVOUPUFOHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/146—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1635—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/438—The ring being spiro-condensed with carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
- A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/143—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1611—Inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/18—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the parathyroid hormones
- A61P5/20—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the parathyroid hormones for decreasing, blocking or antagonising the activity of PTH
Definitions
- the present invention relates to 1- (3,5-dimethyl-4- (2-((4-oxo-2- (4- (trifluoromethoxy) phenyl) -1, 3,8-triazaspiro [4.5] deca
- the present invention relates to a solid dispersion containing -1-en-8-yl) sulfonyl) ethyl) phenyl) -5,5-dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-dione (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “compound I”).
- compound I a solid dispersion comprising Compound I, a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer, and a pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing the solid dispersion, a method for producing the solid dispersion, and a method for treating a disease using the pharmaceutical composition.
- spiroimidazolone derivatives having a specific structure have a useful parathyroid hormone (PTH) -like action (Patent Document 1).
- PTH parathyroid hormone
- Patent Document 1 1- (3,5-dimethyl-4- (2-((4-oxo-2- (4- (trifluoromethoxy) phenyl) -1, -1,8-triazaspiro [4.5] dec-1-) En-8-yl) sulfonyl) ethyl) phenyl) -5,5-dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-dione (compound I) is a compound having a strong PTH-like action and high metabolic stability, and has a parathyroid function.
- Patent Document 2 It is possible to treat disease states that can be treated by PTH-like effects such as hypotension.
- PTH-like effects such as hypotension
- non-invasive systemic or local exposure induces bone and cartilage anabolism, resulting in bone loss in osteoporosis, periodontal disease, alveolar bone loss after tooth extraction, osteoarthritis, articular cartilage loss,
- Methods for preventing, treating, recovering, and promoting healing of osteoporosis, achondroplasia, hypochondrosis, osteomalacia, fractures, and the like are also possible (Patent Document 3).
- Non-patent Documents 1 to 4 In order to improve the solubility of a drug, a solid dispersion containing a poorly soluble compound and a polymer compound has been prepared (Non-patent Documents 1 to 4).
- Patent Document 4 discloses a solid dispersion containing an ionic drug, a cationic species, and a dispersing polymer.
- Patent Document 4 a class of compounds that are difficult to form the solid dispersion itself, i.e., compounds with low water solubility and very low solubility in volatile solvents used to form spray solutions.
- the problem to be solved is to easily form a solid dispersion for the class.
- Compound I is useful as a pharmaceutical compound as described above, but is poorly water-soluble and needs to be improved in water solubility.
- the present inventors have found that, when compound I is used as a crystal of a compound salt such as a besylate, for example, the solubility in water can be improved by several tens of times as compared with a crystal of a free form.
- the besylate salt of Compound I despite having high water solubility, does not sufficiently increase the drug's bioavailability, ie, blood concentration, when used in vivo.
- the present invention is directed to the problem that compound I is poorly water-soluble and that it is desired to use it at a high dose, so that the solubility in the gastrointestinal tract is so high that it cannot be solved by conventional techniques. It is an object of the present invention to provide a preparation having a high absorbency.
- the present inventors have conducted repeated studies, and as a result of preparing a solid dispersion, adding a cationic species to the compound I and the polymer during the preparation of the solid dispersion to prepare a solid dispersion. It has been found that it exhibits higher solubility and associated absorption in the gastrointestinal tract as compared to conventional solid dispersions and those of various salt crystals.
- the present invention includes the following.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, copovidone, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropylcellulose, hypromellose acetate succinate, and methacrylic acid copolymer LD.
- steps (ii) and (iii) each include the following steps; (Ii-a) mixing the compound I, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer, and the base providing the pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species with a solvent to prepare a mixed solution; and (iii-a) Removing the solvent from the mixed solution obtained in the step (ii-a).
- step (iii-a) includes a step of removing the solvent by spray drying and drying.
- the present invention relates to a poorly water-soluble compound 1- (3,5-dimethyl-4- (2-((4-oxo-2- (4- (trifluoromethoxy)) having a strong PTH-like action and high metabolic stability.
- Phenyl) -1,3,8-triazaspiro [4.5] dec-1-en-8-yl) sulfonyl) ethyl) phenyl) -5,5-dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-dione This has enabled a significant improvement and a corresponding improvement in absorption in the digestive tract.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of a dissolution test of a solid dispersion measured in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the vertical axis indicates the elution concentration of compound I ( ⁇ g / mL), and the horizontal axis indicates time (minutes).
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of performing a dissolution test of a solid dispersion, which were measured in Comparative Examples 3 to 5.
- the vertical axis indicates the elution concentration of compound I ( ⁇ g / mL), and the horizontal axis indicates time (minutes).
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of performing a dissolution test of a solid dispersion, which were measured in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a dissolution test of a solid dispersion measured in Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Example 8. The vertical axis indicates the elution concentration of compound I ( ⁇ g / mL), and the horizontal axis indicates time (minutes).
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of performing a dissolution test of a solid dispersion, which was measured in Examples 1, 7, and 8. The vertical axis indicates the elution concentration of compound I ( ⁇ g / mL), and the horizontal axis indicates time (minutes).
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a dissolution test of a solid dispersion measured in Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Example 8. The vertical axis indicates the elution concentration of compound I ( ⁇ g / mL), and the horizontal axis indicates time (minutes).
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of performing a dissolution test of a solid dispersion, which was measured in Examples 1, 7, and 8. The vertical axi
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of the dissolution test of the solid dispersion, measured in Examples 7, 9, and 10.
- the vertical axis indicates the elution concentration of compound I ( ⁇ g / mL), and the horizontal axis indicates time (minutes).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of the dissolution test of the solid dispersion, measured in Examples 11 and 12.
- the vertical axis indicates the elution concentration of compound I ( ⁇ g / mL), and the horizontal axis indicates time (minutes).
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of the dissolution test of the solid dispersion measured in Examples 13 and 14.
- the vertical axis indicates the elution concentration of compound I ( ⁇ g / mL), and the horizontal axis indicates time (minutes).
- FIG. 9 is a powder X-ray pattern (X-ray source: Cu K ⁇ 1 ) of the free form I crystal of the compound I.
- the vertical axis indicates the intensity, and the horizontal axis indicates the angle (2 ⁇ ).
- FIG. 10 is an X-ray powder pattern (X-ray source: Cu K ⁇ 1 ) of the free form II crystal of compound I.
- the vertical axis indicates the intensity, and the horizontal axis indicates the angle (2 ⁇ ).
- Compound I The compound contained in the solid dispersion of the present invention has the following structural formula: 1- (3,5-dimethyl-4- (2-((4-oxo-2- (4- (trifluoromethoxy) phenyl) phenyl) -1,3,8-triazaspiro [4.5] dec-1-en-8-yl) sulfonyl) ethyl) phenyl) -5,5-dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-dione (compound I).
- Compound I can be produced, for example, by the method described in Example 3 (Compound 7) of WO2014 / 092061.
- the free form I crystal of Compound I (Preparation Example 1) has a water solubility of less than 1 ⁇ g / mL (37 ° C.) at pH 6 to 7, and an organic solvent solubility at room temperature of, for example, 80 mg / mL or more in THF. And having pKa values of 8 and 10.
- the compound I used in the present invention has extremely low solubility in water, but has relatively high solubility in an organic solvent. Therefore, Compound I does not cause any particular problem in the process of producing a solid dispersion using an organic solvent.
- Compound I used in the present invention includes all isotopes of Compound I.
- the isotope of the compound I is obtained by replacing at least one atom with an atom having the same atomic number (proton number) and a different mass number (sum of the number of protons and neutrons).
- Examples of isotopes included in compound I include a hydrogen atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a fluorine atom, and are 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, and 17, respectively. O, 18 O, 35 S, 18 F and the like.
- radioactive isotopes that decay by emitting radioactivity, such as 3 H and 14 C, are useful in a tissue distribution test of a drug or a compound in the body.
- Stable isotopes are safe to use because they do not decay, have little change in abundance, and have no radioactivity.
- the isotope of compound I can be converted by a conventional method by replacing the reagent used in the synthesis with a reagent containing the corresponding isotope.
- polymers that can be used in the solid dispersions according to the invention should be pharmaceutically acceptable and have at least some solubility in aqueous solutions at physiologically relevant pH (eg 1-8). Are preferred. Almost any polymer that has a water solubility of at least about 0.1 mg / mL over at least a portion of the pH range of 1-8 may be suitable. Examples of the polymer that can be used in the present invention include the following nonionic polymers (neutral polymers) or ionic polymers.
- the term "pharmaceutically acceptable” in the term “pharmaceutically acceptable polymer” is used in the sense commonly used in the art, for example, as a medicament for a subject to which the medicament is administered. Means substantially no side effect or toxicity in the normal range of use. The same applies to “pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species", “pharmaceutically acceptable surfactants” and the like.
- Nonionic polymer examples of the polymer that can be used in the present invention include a nonionic polymer (neutral polymer). That is, the polymer preferably has substantially no ionic functional group.
- “Substantially free of ionic functional groups” means that the number of ionic groups covalently bonded to the polymer is less than about 0.05 milliequivalents per gram of polymer. Preferably, the number is less than about 0.02 meq / g neutral polymer.
- “Ionic functional group” means a functional group that is at least about 10% ionized over at least a portion of the physiologically relevant pH range of 1-8. Such groups have a pKa value of about 0-9.
- Neutral polymers that can be used in the present invention include, for example, neutral non-cellulosic polymers.
- neutral non-cellulosic polymers include, for example, vinyl polymers and copolymers having at least one substituent selected from groups including hydroxyl, alkylacyloxy, and cyclic amide; at least one hydrophilic hydroxyl-containing polymer.
- a vinyl copolymer of a repeating unit and at least one hydrophobic alkyl- or aryl-containing repeating unit polyvinyl alcohol; a polyvinyl alcohol having at least a portion of the repeating unit in a non-hydrolyzed (vinyl acetate) form; a polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl acetate copolymer; Polyvinylpyrrolidone; Copovidone; Acrylate and methacrylic acid copolymer; Polyethylene polyvinyl alcohol copolymer; Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer (also called poloxamer) And the like.
- cellulosic is meant a cellulose polymer in which at least a portion of the hydroxyl groups on the saccharide repeating unit have been modified by reaction with a compound to form an ester or ether substituent.
- Examples of such a neutral cellulose-based polymer include hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate (HPMCA), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), methylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose acetate, and hydroxyethylcellulose. Ethyl ethyl cellulose and the like can be mentioned.
- polymers that can be used in the present invention include neutralized acidic polymers.
- the neutralized acidic polymers are described in more detail in U.S. Published Patent Application No. US2003-0054038, filed June 17, 2002, entitled "Pharmaceutical ⁇ Compositions ⁇ of ⁇ Drugs ⁇ and ⁇ Neutralized ⁇ Acidic ⁇ Polymers".
- the relevant disclosure portion of the above-mentioned application patent is incorporated herein by reference.
- acidic polymer is meant any polymer having a significant number of acidic moieties. Generally, a significant number of acidic moieties will be about 0.05 meq or more acidic moieties per gram of polymer.
- an “acidic moiety” includes any functional group that is sufficiently acidic to be able to at least partially donate hydrogen cations to water when contacted or dissolved in water, and thus to increase the hydrogen ion concentration.
- This definition includes any functional group or "substituent” that has a pKa of less than about 10 (also called when the functional group is covalently attached to the polymer).
- Neutralized acidic polymer means any acidic polymer in which a substantial portion of the "acidic moiety” or “acidic substituents” is “neutralized”, ie, exists in a deprotonated form.
- the "degree of neutralization” ⁇ of a polymer substituted with a monoprotic acid is defined as the fraction of acidic moieties on the polymer that have been neutralized, ie, deprotonated by a base.
- ⁇ is at least about 0.01 (or 1%), more preferably at least about 0.1 (10%), and even more so that the acidic polymer is considered a “neutralized acidic polymer”. It should preferably be at least about 0.5 (50%), most preferably at least 0.9 (90%) (meaning that at least 90% of the acidic moieties are neutralized).
- Examples of the acidic polymer which can be used in the neutralized form in the present invention include, for example, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, methyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxymethyl cellulose ethyl phthalate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (Also referred to as hypromellose acetate succinate) (HPMCAS), hydroxypropyl methyl acetate maleate, hydroxypropyl methyl trimellitate, carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyrate phthalate, polyvinyl alcohol acetate phthalate, methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate copolymer (preferably Is from 1:99 mass ratio 9: 1), methacrylic acid / methyl methacrylate copolymer (preferably the weight ratio one ninety-nine 99: 1), and methacrylic
- a neutralized acidic polymer can be formed by any conventional method known in the art that provides a desired degree of neutralization.
- acidic polymers are neutralized by adding a sufficient amount of a base to a solution or composition containing the acidic polymer.
- a base is added to a solution of the acidic polymer to neutralize the acidic functional groups of the polymer.
- Suitable bases that can be used to neutralize the acidic polymer include those listed above for the cationic species present in the solid dispersions of the present invention.
- the base utilized for neutralization of the polymer includes, for example, the same base used to provide the cationic species present in the solid dispersion of the present invention.
- the polymer that can be used in the present invention may be, for example, an ionic polymer. That is, the polymer has substantially ionic functional groups and is at least about 10% ionized over at least a portion of the physiologically relevant pH range of 1-8.
- Ionic polymers are generally classified as acidic polymers and basic polymers at the pH range in which they are ionized.
- the acidic polymer (or enteric polymer) is a polymer having a property of being soluble in a neutral or alkaline solution
- the basic polymer is a polymer having a property of being soluble in an acidic or neutral solution.
- the acidic polymer specifically, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, methyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxymethyl cellulose ethyl phthalate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), hydroxypropyl methyl Acetate maleate, hydroxypropylmethyl trimellitate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, polyvinyl butyrate phthalate, polyvinyl alcohol acetate phthalate, methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate copolymer (preferably mass ratio 1:99 to 99: 1), methacrylic acid / methacrylic acid Methyl copolymer (preferably mass ratio 1: 9 to 99: 1), and methacrylic acid copolymers and the like, has a property that would later transition to middle from the top of the small intestine from the stomach, promptly elution begins.
- HPMCAS
- the polymer exhibit a property of dissolving in a phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.8 within 120 minutes.
- the basic polymer include aminoalkyl methacrylic acid copolymer E, polyvinyl acetal diethylaminoacetate, and the like, which have a property that elution starts quickly under acidic conditions in the stomach.
- the polymer exhibit the property of dissolving within 120 minutes in the first solution of the dissolution test at pH 1.2.
- a blend of the above-mentioned polymers can also be used. That is, the term "polymer” may include blends of polymers in addition to a single type of polymer.
- the polymer in the solid dispersion of the present invention, can be selected from the group consisting of a neutral polymer, an ionic polymer, or a mixture thereof.
- the polymer that can be used in the present invention includes: (1) vinyl polymers and copolymers having at least one substituent selected from groups including hydroxyl, alkylacyloxy, and cyclic amide, which are neutral polymers; Vinyl copolymers of at least one hydrophilic hydroxyl-containing repeating unit and at least one hydrophobic alkyl- or aryl-containing repeating unit; polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinyl having at least a portion of the non-hydrolyzed (vinyl acetate) -type repeating unit.
- preferred polymers that can be used in the present invention include polymers selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, copovidone, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulosic polymers, methacrylic acid methacrylic acid copolymers. More preferably, the polymer includes a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, copovidone, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropylcellulose, hypromellose acetate succinate, and methacrylic acid copolymer LD.
- the polymer includes a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, copovidone, hydroxypropylcellulose, and methacrylic acid copolymer LD. Particularly preferably, the polymer includes polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone specifically, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone commercially available under a trade name such as Kollidon # 30 or 90F can be used.
- copovidone specifically, for example, copovidone commercially available under a trade name such as Kollidon VA64 can be used.
- polyvinyl alcohol specifically, for example, a polyvinyl alcohol commercially available under a trade name such as Parteck @ MXP can be used.
- hydroxypropylcellulose specifically, for example, hydroxypropylcellulose commercially available under a trade name such as Nisso HPC-SL can be used.
- methacrylic acid copolymer LD specifically, for example, a methacrylic acid copolymer LD commercially available under a trade name such as Eudragit L100-55 can be used.
- HPMCAS hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
- HPMCAS hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
- Solid dispersion according to the cationic species present invention contains a cationic species that are pharmaceutically acceptable.
- the cationic species can be provided by a base co-dissolved with Compound I.
- the “base” preferably has a pKa value larger than that of compound I. Since the lower pKa value of Compound I is about 8, the bases that can be used in the present invention preferably have a pKa value of more than about 9, more preferably more than about 10, and most preferably more than about 11. It is desirable to have
- the term pKa is used in its conventional form. That is, pKa is the negative logarithm of the ionization constant of the acid. Unless otherwise stated, pKa is assumed to be measured in distilled water at 25 ° C.
- Bases that can be used in the present invention include, for example, hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, and choline hydroxide; oxides such as magnesium oxide and Calcium oxide; amines such as tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, N-methylglucamine, glucosamine, ethylenediamine, N, N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, N-benzyl-2-phenethylamine, cyclohexylamine, cyclopentyl Amines, diethylamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, dodecylamine, and triethylamine; proteins, such as gelatin; amino acids, such as lysine, arginine, guanine, glycine Emissions, and the like adenine.
- hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydrox
- the pharmaceutically acceptable cation species is not particularly limited as long as it is used as a medicament.
- the cation species is the following cations: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, ammonium, Benzathine (N, N'-dibenzylethylenediamine), choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine (N-methylglucamine), benetamine (N-benzylphenethylamine), diethylamine, piperazine, tromethamine (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl- 1,3-propanediol), procaine and mixtures thereof.
- the cationic species is selected from the group consisting of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, ammonium cations, and mixtures thereof.
- the cationic species is preferably selected from one or more cationic species supplied by a base having a pKa value of 11 or more. More preferably, the cation species is one or more selected from the group consisting of cations of sodium, potassium and arginine. Most preferably, the cationic species is a sodium cation.
- a preferred combination of a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer and a cationic species is, for example, the polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the cationic species is a cation of sodium, potassium, arginine, and the like. And more preferably, for example, the following: The polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone and the cationic species is a sodium cation; In another embodiment, the polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone and the cationic species is a potassium cation; or in another embodiment, the polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone and the cationic species is an arginine cation.
- Another preferred combination includes when the polymer is copovidone and the cationic species is selected from the group consisting of cations of sodium, potassium, arginine, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, for example;
- the polymer is copovidone and the cationic species is a sodium cation;
- the polymer is copovidone and the cationic species is a potassium cation; or in another embodiment, the polymer is copovidone and the cationic species is an arginine cation.
- polymer is polyvinyl alcohol and the cationic species is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, arginine cations, and mixtures thereof, and more preferably, for example, the following:
- the polymer is polyvinyl alcohol and the cationic species is a sodium cation;
- the polymer is polyvinyl alcohol and the cationic species is a potassium cation; or in another embodiment, the polymer is polyvinyl alcohol and the cationic species is an arginine cation.
- Another preferred combination includes when the polymer is hydroxypropylcellulose and the cationic species is selected from the group consisting of cations of sodium, potassium, arginine, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, for example, including:
- the polymer is hydroxypropylcellulose and the cationic species is sodium cation;
- the polymer is hydroxypropylcellulose and the cationic species is a potassium cation; or in another embodiment, the polymer is hydroxypropylcellulose and the cationic species is an arginine cation.
- the polymer is hypromellose acetate succinate and the cationic species is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, arginine cations, and mixtures thereof, and more preferably, for example, Include;
- the polymer is hypromellose acetate succinate and the cationic species is sodium cation;
- the polymer is hypromellose acetate succinate and the cationic species is a potassium cation; or in another embodiment, the polymer is hypromellose acetate succinate and the cationic species is an arginine cation.
- the polymer is a methacrylic acid copolymer LD and the cationic species is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, arginine cations, and mixtures thereof, and more preferably, for example, the following: ;
- the polymer is a methacrylic acid copolymer LD and the cationic species is a sodium cation;
- the polymer is a methacrylic acid copolymer LD and the cationic species is a potassium cation; or in another embodiment, the polymer is a methacrylic acid copolymer LD and the cationic species is an arginine cation.
- the solid dispersion according to the present invention and the pharmaceutical composition containing the same may further contain a surfactant.
- the surfactant may be co-dispersed in the solid dispersion of the present invention, or may be mixed (blended) outside the solid dispersion similarly to other additives.
- Surfactants that can be used in the present invention are pharmaceutically acceptable surfactants.
- surfactant means a substance having both a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group in a molecule, and includes an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant.
- An ionic surfactant means an ionic surfactant which is ionized to become an ion (charged atom or atomic group) when dissolved in water. Ionic surfactants are further classified into anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants, depending on the charge of the ions generated.
- nonionic surfactant examples include sugar ester type surfactants such as sorbitan fatty acid ester (C12-18), polyoxyethylene (POE) sorbitan fatty acid ester (C12-18), and sucrose fatty acid ester; Fatty acid ester type such as ester (C12-18), POE resin acid ester, POE fatty acid diester (C12-18); alcohol type such as POE alkyl ether (C12-18); POE alkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether, POE Alkyl phenol type surfactants such as dialkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether and POE alkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether formalin condensate; polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer, alkyl (C12-18) polyoxy Polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer type surfactants such as ethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer ether; POE alkylamines (C12-18), alkylamines
- polyoxyl stearate 40 As the nonionic surfactant, polyoxyl stearate 40, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, lauro are preferred.
- polyoxyethylene stearate 40 As the nonionic surfactant, polyoxyl stearate 40, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, lauro are preferred.
- TPGS tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate
- anionic surfactant examples include alkyl sulfate (C12-18), POE alkyl ether sulfate (C12-18), POE alkylphenyl ether sulfate (C12-18), POE benzyl (or styryl) phenyl (or phenyl).
- Sulfate surfactants such as phenyl) ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene, and polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfate; paraffin (alkane) sulfonate (C12-22), alpha olefin sulfonate (C14-16), dialkyl sulfosuccinate (C8- 12), alkylbenzene sulfonate (C12), mono- or dialkyl (C3-6) naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate-formalin condensate, (C8-12) diphenyl ether disulfonate, lignin sulfonate, POE alkyl (C8-12) phenyl ether sulfonate, POE alkyl (C12-18) ether sulfosuccinic acid half ester and other sulfonate type surfactants; fatty acid salts (C12-18)
- anionic surfactant preferably, monoalkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosine, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate And the like.
- monoalkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, sodium octadecyl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosine, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate And the like.
- two or more surfactants may be used in combination at an appropriate ratio.
- More preferred surfactants include monoalkyl sulfates, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, polyoxyl 35 castor oil, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. And sodium lauroyl sarcosine, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, a surfactant selected from the group consisting of tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) and mixtures thereof.
- TPGS tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate
- More preferred surfactants are selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 60, tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) and mixtures thereof, and particularly preferred surfactants are sodium lauryl sulfate. No.
- Solid Dispersion The solid dispersion according to the present invention comprises Compound I, a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer, and a pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species.
- solid dispersion means that at least a part of the drug is dispersed in the polymer. Such solid dispersions are sometimes referred to in the art as “molecular dispersions” or “solid solutions” of the drug in the polymer.
- crystal means a special solid form of a compound that exhibits long-range order in three dimensions.
- “Amorphous” refers to a material that does not have long-range three-dimensional ordering, not only materials that are essentially disordered, but also some ordering (where the order is less than three-dimensional and / or spans only a short distance). Material that can have Another term for an amorphous form of a material is the "amorphous" form of the material.
- Compound I can take either crystalline or amorphous form.
- Compound I is at least about 90% by weight, and more preferably at least about 95% by weight, of the total weight of Compound I is amorphous.
- the amount of Compound I in crystalline form in the solid dispersion preferably does not exceed about 10% by weight, more preferably does not exceed about 5% by weight of the total weight of Compound I.
- the amount of crystalline and amorphous Compound I can be determined by techniques known in the art, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, solid state NMR, or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Such thermal techniques, or any other standard quantitative measurement method.
- XRPD powder X-ray diffraction
- SEM scanning electron microscopy
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- Amorphous compound I in solid dispersion may be present in several phases. For example, it may exist as a single phase of Compound I, or as a solid solution uniformly dispersed throughout the polymer, or as any combination of these states or a state in between.
- compound I and the polymer are in the form of a solid solution.
- the solid solution is thermodynamically stable, wherein compound I is said to be dispersed, ie, dissolved, in the polymer in molecules.
- Tg glass transition temperatures
- Tg is the characteristic temperature at which a glassy material is gradually heated to undergo a relatively rapid (ie, 10-100 seconds) physical change from a glassy state to a rubbery state.
- the Tg of an amorphous material, such as a polymer or solid dispersion can be measured by several techniques, for example, a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), a dilatometer, a dielectric analyzer, and a DSC.
- DMA dynamic mechanical analyzer
- the exact values measured by each technique can vary somewhat, but usually fall within the range of 10 ° C to 30 ° C from each other.
- the amount of Compound I in the single amorphous phase in the dispersion is generally less than about 10% by weight and the dispersion is substantially uniform. Is supported.
- the solid dispersion exhibits at least one Tg different from the respective Tg of the compound I and the polymer used, and at least a part of the compound I and the polymer are present as a solid solution.
- the Tg of the solid dispersion is preferably higher from the viewpoint of physical stability. Friesen, 5, Mol. Pharm. According to (2008) et al., The time required for a solid dispersion to undergo 5% phase separation increases about 10-fold for each 10 ° C. increase in Tg, and the Tg of the solid dispersion is higher than the storage temperature. If the temperature is higher than about 30 ° C., it is reported that at the storage temperature, 5% of phase separation does not occur for at least 2 years (it can be said that it is physically stable). For example, assuming a storage temperature of 30 ° C., if the solid dispersion has a Tg of at least 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 80 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 100 ° C. or higher, physical stability will be maintained over a long storage period. We can expect that we can maintain.
- the content ratio of the compound I and the polymer depends on the properties of the polymer and is not particularly limited, but the compound I: polymer (weight ratio) preferably varies widely from about 1: 100 to about 3: 1. (For example, when the compound I is composed of only the compound I and the polymer, the content of the compound I is 1% to 75% by weight).
- Compound I: the polymer (weight ratio) is more preferably from about 1: 9 to about 2: 1, more preferably from about 1: 9 to about 1: 1, and even more preferably from about 1: 5 to about 1: 1, Particularly preferred is a range from about 1: 2 to about 1: 1.
- the content ratio between the compound I and the cationic species is not particularly limited.
- the molar ratio of the cationic species to the compound I in the composition is preferably 0.8 or more.
- the molar ratio of Compound I: cationic species is more preferably from about 1: 0.8 to 1:10, even more preferably from about 1: 1 to 1: 5, particularly preferably from about 1: 1 to 1: 2. It is preferred that the cation species be present in a slightly smaller, equal or excess amount to Compound I in a molar ratio.
- the solid dispersion according to the present invention preferably contains at least about 1% by weight of the compound I based on the total weight of the solid dispersion. In another aspect, more preferably, the solid dispersion comprises at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20% by weight of Compound I, based on the total weight of the solid dispersion. %, At least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50% by weight.
- the content ratio of the compound I and the surfactant depends on the characteristics of the surfactant and is not particularly limited, but the compound I: surfactant (weight ratio) is preferable. Can vary widely from about 1: 5 to about 5: 1. Compound I: surfactant (weight ratio) more preferably ranges from about 1: 3 to about 3: 1, more preferably from about 1: 2 to about 2: 1.
- the solid dispersion according to the present invention may be composed of a plurality of particles.
- Each of the particles comprises Compound I, a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer and a pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species.
- This is a different form than a simple physical mixture of Compound I particles and polymer particles.
- the solid dispersion consists of a plurality of particles, each particle comprising Compound I, a pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species, and a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer.
- compound I, the cationic species, and the polymer are in the form of a solid solution.
- the method for producing a solid dispersion according to the present invention (I) The following structural formula: Providing a compound I having the formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer, and a base that provides a pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species; (Ii) mixing the compound I, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer, and a base that provides the pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species; and (iii) the compound I, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer. And obtaining a solid dispersion comprising the pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species.
- steps (ii) and (iii) each preferably include the following steps; (Ii-a) mixing the compound I, the pharmaceutically acceptable polymer, and the base providing the pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species with a solvent to prepare a mixed solution; and (iii-a) Removing the solvent from the mixed solution obtained in step (ii-a).
- the step (iii-a) preferably includes a step of removing the solvent by spray drying and drying.
- the solid dispersion of the present invention contains at least three components of compound I, a pharmaceutically acceptable polymer, and a pharmaceutically acceptable cationic species.
- the supply form of the compound I is not particularly limited.
- compound I may be supplied in a solid dispersion as a free form.
- Compound I may be supplied as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof.
- Examples of the salt include an inorganic acid salt, an organic acid salt, an inorganic basic salt, an organic basic salt, an acidic or basic amino acid salt, and the like.
- Preferred examples of the inorganic acid salt include, for example, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate and the like.
- Preferred examples of the organic acid salt include, for example, acetate, succinate, fumarate Acid salt, maleate, tartrate, citrate, lactate, stearate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and the like.
- Preferred examples of the inorganic base salt include, for example, alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt and magnesium salt, aluminum salt, and ammonium salt.
- Preferred examples of the organic base salt Examples include diethylamine salt, diethanolamine salt, meglumine salt, N, N-dibenzylethylenediamine salt and the like.
- Preferred examples of the acidic amino acid salt include, for example, aspartate and glutamate.
- Preferred examples of the basic amino acid salt include, for example, arginine, lysine, and ornithine.
- the compound I used in the present invention When the compound I used in the present invention is left in the air, it may absorb water and become a hydrate, and such a hydrate can also be used as a raw material of the compound I.
- compound I used in the present invention may absorb some other solvent to form a solvate, and such a solvate can also be used as a raw material of compound I.
- compound I is preferably supplied as a free form.
- Such a compound I can be obtained by the method described in WO 2014/092061 or the like.
- the compound I may be supplied in a crystalline or amorphous form.
- the crystal of the compound I includes a polymorph, but any one of the crystalline forms is a single crystal. Or supplied as a mixture in crystalline form.
- the present inventors have found that several polymorphs exist in the free form of Compound I used in the present invention.
- the crystalline polymorph for example, in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern, peaks are found at diffraction angles (2 ⁇ ) of 14.4 °, 15.3 °, 16.6 °, and 18.7 ° ( ⁇ 0.2 °). And a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of 7.9 °, 13.5 °, 15.9 °, 21.8 ° ( ⁇ 0.2 °). ) (Hereinafter, referred to as “form II crystal”).
- the above-mentioned cation species can be used, and the base providing the pharmaceutically acceptable cation species is supplied in the form of a solid or a solution containing a base in the step (i). can do.
- the preferred base and cation species those similar to the aforementioned base and cation species can be preferably used.
- the above-mentioned polymer can be used, and the polymer can be supplied in the step (i) as a solid or after being dissolved in a solvent in advance.
- the preferable polymer those similar to the aforementioned polymers can be preferably used.
- the solid dispersion according to the present invention further contains a surfactant
- the above-described surfactant can be used.
- the surfactant may be used as a solid or dissolved in a solvent in advance. Can be supplied.
- the preferred surfactant those similar to the aforementioned surfactants can be preferably used.
- any conventional method in which at least a part of compound I is in an amorphous state can be used.
- solvent processes include non-solvent precipitation, lyophilization, spray coating. And spray drying.
- a heat melting and kneading method (HME) or the like can be used.
- a mixture pulverization or the like can be used.
- the solvent process generally involves dissolving at least a portion of the drug, at least a portion of one or more polymer components, and at least a portion of a base that provides one or more cationic species in a common solvent.
- solvent is used broadly and includes mixtures of solvents.
- common is meant herein that the solvent (which may be a mixture of compounds) dissolves at least a portion of the drug and the polymer (s).
- the solvent dissolves essentially all drugs, all polymers and all bases.
- Solvents suitable for solvent treatment can be any compound in which the drug, polymer and base are mutually soluble.
- the solvent is also volatile with a boiling point of 150 ° C. or less.
- the solvent should be relatively low-toxic and should be removed from the solid dispersion to an acceptable level according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Removal of solvent to this level may require the next processing step, such as tray drying.
- ICH International Conference on Harmonization
- Suitable solvents are alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol and butanol; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl iso-butyl ketone; esters such as ethyl acetate and propyl acetate; and various other solvents; Examples include acetonitrile, methylene chloride, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and tetrahydrofuran. Low volatility solvents such as dimethylacetamide or dimethylsulfoxide can also be used in small amounts in mixtures with volatile solvents.
- solvents such as 50% methanol and 50% acetone can be used as well as mixtures with water.
- Suitable solvents are ethanol, methanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, mixtures of these with water, and mixtures thereof.
- the present compound I is well soluble in acetone and tetrahydrofuran.
- 50 mg / mL or more in a mixture of acetone and water (95: 5 by volume) 80 mg / mL or more in tetrahydrofuran, and a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and methanol (95: 5 by volume).
- tetrahydrofuran and a mixed solution thereof can be said to be suitable solvents.
- the solvent is removed by evaporation or by mixing with a non-solvent.
- exemplary methods include spray drying, spray coating (pan coating, fluidized bed coating, etc.), lyophilization and dissolving a solution of drug, polymer, base in CO 2 , hexane, heptane, water at the appropriate pH, or any other Precipitation by rapid mixing with non-solvents.
- a substantially uniform solid dispersion is obtained.
- it is generally desirable to rapidly remove the solvent from the solution such as by spraying the solution to quickly solidify the drug and polymer.
- Spray drying solvent can be removed by spray drying.
- spray drying is conventionally used and broadly refers to a method that involves breaking up (spraying) a liquid mixture into droplets in a spray drying apparatus and rapidly removing the solvent from the mixture. In the spray drying device, a strong driving force for evaporating the solvent from the droplet is working.
- Spray drying methods and spray drying equipment are generally described in Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, pages 20-54 to 20-57 (6th edition, 1984). Further details regarding spray drying methods and equipment can be found in Marshall, "Atomization and Spray-Drying," 50 Chem. Eng. Prog. Monogr. Series 2 (1954) and Masters, Spray Drying Handbook (4th edition, 1985).
- Strong driving force for solvent evaporation is generally provided by maintaining the partial pressure of the solvent in the spray drying device much lower than the vapor pressure of the solvent at the temperature of the droplets to be dried. This includes (1) maintaining the pressure in the spray dryer at a partial vacuum (eg, 0.01 to 0.50 atm); or (2) mixing the droplets with warm drying gas; or (3) (1) And (2). Further, at least a portion of the heat required for evaporation of the solvent can be provided by heating the spray solution.
- the feedstock containing the solvent can be spray dried under a wide variety of conditions and still obtain a solid dispersion with acceptable properties.
- various types of nozzles can be used to spray the spray solution.
- the spray solution can be introduced into the spray drying chamber as a collection of droplets.
- any type of nozzle can be used to spray the solution, so long as the droplets formed are small enough and dry enough (by evaporation of the solvent) not to adhere to or coat the spray drying chamber walls. .
- the maximum droplet size varies widely depending on the size, shape and flow pattern in the spray dryer, but generally the droplets should be less than about 500 ⁇ m in diameter when ejected from the nozzle.
- Examples of types of nozzles that can be used to form a solid dispersion include two-fluid nozzles, fountain nozzles, flat fan nozzles, pressure nozzles, and rotary atomizers. In a preferred embodiment, a pressure nozzle is used. Details are disclosed in U.S. Published Patent Application No. US 2003-0185893, filed January 24, 2003, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the spray solution can be supplied to the spray nozzle (s) at a wide range of temperatures and flow rates.
- the temperature of the spray solution can range anywhere from just above the freezing point of the solvent to about 20 ° C. above its ambient pressure boiling point (due to pressurization of the solution). In some cases it may be higher.
- the flow rate of the spray solution to the spray nozzle can vary widely depending on the type of nozzle, the size of the spray dryer, and the spray drying conditions (eg, inlet temperature and flow rate of the drying gas).
- energy for evaporating a solvent from a spray solution by a spray drying method mainly comes from a drying gas.
- the drying gas may in principle be essentially any gas, but for safety reasons and to minimize unwanted oxidation of the drug or other substance in the solid dispersion, nitrogen, nitrogen-enriched air or An inert gas such as argon is used.
- the drying gas is typically introduced into the drying chamber at a temperature from about 60 ° C to about 240 ° C.
- the solidification time of the droplet is quick because the surface area to volume ratio of the droplet is large and the driving force for evaporating the solvent is large.
- the set time should be less than about 20 seconds, preferably less than about 10 seconds, and more preferably less than 1 second. This rapid solidification is often important to maintain a uniform and uniform dispersion of the particles instead of separating into a drug-rich phase and a polymer-rich phase.
- the solid powder After solidification, the solid powder typically remains in the spray drying chamber for about 5-60 seconds to further evaporate the solvent from the solid powder.
- the final solvent content of the solid dispersion upon exiting the dryer should be low. This is because this reduces the mobility of the drug molecule in the solid dispersion and improves its stability.
- the solvent content of the solid dispersion upon exiting the spray drying chamber should be less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, more preferably less than 1% by weight.
- the solid dispersion can be dried using a suitable drying method to remove residual solvent.
- a suitable drying method for example, tray drying, vacuum drying, fluid bed drying, microwave drying, belt drying, rotary drying, and other drying methods known in the art.
- Suitable secondary drying methods include vacuum drying or tray drying. Drying may be performed under an inert gas such as nitrogen or under vacuum to minimize chemical decomposition during drying.
- Solid dispersions are usually in the form of small particles.
- the volume average diameter of the particles can be less than 500 ⁇ m, or less than 100 ⁇ m in diameter, less than 50 ⁇ m in diameter, or less than 25 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the resulting dispersion is in the form of such small particles.
- the solvent is removed by spraying a solvent solution containing the solvent onto the seed core.
- the seed core can be made from any suitable material, such as starch, microcrystalline cellulose, sugar or wax, by any known method, such as melt- or spray coagulation, extrusion / spheronization, granulation, spray drying, and the like.
- the raw material solution can be sprayed on such a seed core using a coating apparatus or a granulation apparatus known in the pharmaceutical art.
- pan coaters eg, Hi-Coater, available from Freund Corp., Tokyo, Japan; Accela-Cota, available from Manesty, Liverpool, UK
- fluidized bed coaters eg, Glatt Air Technologies, Ramsey, NJ and Bubendorf, Switzerland
- Wurster coaters or top-sprayers available from Niro Pharma Systems, Inc. and rotary granulators (eg, CF-Granulator available from Freund Corp).
- the seed core is coated with the raw solution and the solvent is evaporated, resulting in a coating comprising the solid dispersion.
- the particles so formed will have a density similar to that of the seed core, improving the processing and handling of the composition.
- HME Heat melting and kneading method
- the melting process can be performed using a commonly used stirrer or kneader having a heat source. Further, those having a structure capable of pressurizing the inside are more preferable.
- an injection device such as an extruder having a screw in a cylinder (eg, a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, etc.) and an injection molding machine (eg, a twin-screw extruder, etc.) can be used.
- a twin-screw extruder injection device for example, a Pharma16 twin-screw extruder available from ThermoFisher Scientific, Mass., USA).
- the drug, polymer, and if necessary, other components such as a plasticizer and a surfactant are charged from the hopper of the device into the device maintained at an appropriate heating and melting temperature, and the screw is rotated.
- the solid material is melted and uniformly kneaded.
- it may be preliminarily mixed before being charged into the apparatus.
- Setting conditions such as pressure, temperature, powder supply speed, die diameter, screw shape, screw rotation speed and the like in the production method of the present invention vary depending on the type or model of the drug, polymer, etc. used, but decomposition of each component. It is important to combine them so that the temperature is lower than the temperature, and it is desirable to change them according to the desired product characteristics.
- the solid dispersion according to the present invention can be obtained by performing processes such as cooling, solidification, and, if necessary, pulverization.
- the solid dispersion according to the present invention further contains a surfactant, even if the surfactant is co-dispersed in the solid dispersion of the present invention, it is mixed with other additives outside the solid dispersion in the same manner as the other additives ( May be blended).
- the surfactant is co-dispersed, for example, in the solvent process, the desired solid dispersion is obtained by dissolving the surfactant in a solvent together with Compound I, a polymer, and a base, and removing the solvent by spray drying or the like. Can be obtained.
- the surfactant is coated on the outside of the solid dispersion and mixed, for example, using a generally used mixer or mixer, physically mixing with the obtained solid dispersion is performed. Thus, a desired physical mixture can be prepared.
- Solid dispersion obtained as described above can be used as a pharmaceutical composition as it is or after mixing with any other components used in the field of pharmaceutical formulation.
- the other components are not particularly limited as long as they are pharmaceutically acceptable.
- excipients and, if necessary, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, coloring agents, flavoring agents, stable Agents, emulsifiers, absorption promoters, surfactants, pH adjusters, preservatives, antioxidants and the like.
- compositions containing the solid dispersion according to the present invention tablets, powders, fine granules, granules, coated tablets, capsules, troches, suppositories, ointments, eye ointments by a commonly used method, It can be formulated as a poultice or the like. Generally, it is preferable to formulate as an oral preparation which can be administered orally.
- Excipients can be used, and components generally used as a raw material for pharmaceutical preparations are blended and formulated by a conventional method.
- the solid dispersion according to the present invention may contain an excipient, and further, if necessary, a binder, a disintegrant, a lubricant, a coloring agent, a flavoring agent, a stabilizer, an emulsifier, and an absorption agent.
- a binder e.g., ethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymer
- a disintegrant e.g., sodium bicarbonate
- a lubricant e.g., sodium bicarbonate
- a coloring agent e.g., sodium bicarbonate
- a flavoring agent e.g., sodium bicarbonate
- a stabilizer emulsifier
- Excipients include, for example, lactose, corn starch, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, starch, crystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, magnesium metasilicate and the like.
- binder examples include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, gum arabic, tragacanth, gelatin, shellac, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polypropylene glycol / polyoxyethylene block polymer.
- Disintegrators include, for example, starch, pregelatinized starch, agar, gelatin powder, crystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, calcium citrate, silicic anhydride, dextrin, pectin, carmellose, carmellose calcium, croscarmelle Loose sodium, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium starch glycolate and the like can be mentioned.
- Lubricants include, for example, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol, silica, hydrogenated vegetable oil and the like.
- Coloring agents that are permitted to be added to pharmaceutical products include cocoa powder, peppermint brain, aromasan, peppermint oil, dragon brain, cinnamon powder and the like as flavoring agents.
- compound I is a compound having a strong PTH-like action and high metabolic stability, and is useful for reducing hypoparathyroidism and the like. It is a compound that enables the treatment of conditions that can be treated by a PTH-like action.
- non-invasive systemic or local exposure induces bone and cartilage anabolism, resulting in bone loss in osteoporosis, periodontal disease, alveolar bone loss after tooth extraction, osteoarthritis, articular cartilage loss, Methods for preventing, treating, recovering, and promoting healing of osteoporosis, achondroplasia, hypochondrosis, osteomalacia, fractures, and the like can also be provided.
- the dose of the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention can be appropriately selected according to the degree of symptoms, age, sex, body weight, dosage form / type of salt, specific type of disease, and the like.
- the dosage varies significantly depending on the type of the disease, the degree of the symptoms, the age of the patient, the sex difference, the difference in sensitivity to the drug, etc., but usually about 0.03-1000 mg, preferably 0.1 mg / day as an adult. -500 mg, more preferably 0.1-100 mg, is administered once a day or several times a day.
- the solid dispersions of the present invention provide good dissolution in an in vitro dissolution test.
- the improvement of solubility in an in vitro dissolution test using a fast-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) as a test solution may correlate with good in vivo bioavailability (ie, increase in blood concentration).
- FaSSIF fast-state simulated intestinal fluid
- the gastrointestinal absorption rate (Fa) at oral administration was calculated from the dissolution profile in the in vitro dissolution test using FaSSIF described above for 12 model drugs. And good correlation.
- Suitable FaSSIFs include, for example, 28.7 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), 103.3 mM KCl, 3 mM sodium taurocholate and 0.8 mM L- ⁇ -phosphatidylcholine, pH 6.5 with NaOH. Aqueous solution adjusted to the above.
- KH2PO4 potassium dihydrogen phosphate
- 103.3 mM KCl 103.3 mM KCl
- 3 mM sodium taurocholate 3 mM sodium taurocholate
- 0.8 mM L- ⁇ -phosphatidylcholine pH 6.5 with NaOH.
- an excess amount of the composition of the present invention is administered to a FaSSIF solution heated to 37 ° C., and a paddle-type dissolution tester (for example, VK7010 available from Varian Medical Systems, California, USA)
- a sample can be sampled with time by stirring with a filter, etc., and filtered by a 0.45 ⁇ m PVDF filter or the like, and the concentration of the compound in the obtained filtrate can be quantified by HPLC for testing.
- the compositions of the present invention provide good drug dissolution in in vitro dissolution tests. This is at least twice the dissolution provided by the control composition at the test time of the in vitro dissolution test (eg, up to 120 minutes). For example, if the elution provided by the control composition is up to 50 ⁇ g / mL for 120 minutes, the composition of the invention will provide up to 100 ⁇ g / mL for at least 120 minutes. Even more preferably, the compositions of the present invention can provide at least three times the drug elution, and in some cases, at least five times the elution provided by the control composition.
- the composition of the present invention is a solid dispersion containing a drug, a polymer and a cationic species
- the control composition is a crystalline or amorphous single drug, a solid dispersion containing only a drug and a polymer, only a drug and a cationic species.
- the above-mentioned control composition containing the same amount of the same component is included. It is also preferable to compare the drug concentration at the end of the test (eg, 120 minutes) in addition to the maximum drug dissolution concentration during the test time of the in vitro dissolution test. This is because, assuming good bioavailability in vivo, it is preferable to maintain a high elution even for a relatively long time in consideration of retention in the digestive tract and the like.
- the compound I used as a starting material in the examples and comparative examples described below is a free I-form crystal or a II-form crystal, and Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 use a II-form crystal. In Examples 13 and 14, Form I crystals were used.
- Example 1 This example describes the formation of a solid dispersion containing Compound I and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the polymer and sodium cation as the cationic species.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a polymer of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and is a non-ionic polymer.
- Example 1 A mixture of compound I and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon 30, BASF) in a weight ratio of 1: 2 (33.3% compound and 66.7% polymer) in ethanol (Junsei Kagaku) and a 2M NaOH aqueous solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) ( In a volume ratio of 95: 5), about 12% of solid content (4% as compound I concentration) was dissolved at room temperature. Next, the obtained solution was spray-dried with a small spray dryer B-290 (BUCHI) to obtain a solid dispersion (the molar ratio of compound I: sodium was 1: 1.6).
- BUCHI small spray dryer B-290
- Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the physicochemical properties of the obtained solid dispersion as follows.
- the crystal state is measured by a powder X-ray diffraction (XRPD) measuring device, the drug content is measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the water content is measured by a thermogravimetric (TG) measuring device, and the residual solvent is analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). )
- the glass transition point was evaluated with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measuring device.
- XRPD showed a halo pattern peculiar to amorphous, indicating that Compound I was present as amorphous in the solid dispersion.
- the DSC results showed a single and very high glass transition point (184 ° C.).
- Other drug contents, water contents, and residual solvents are shown below.
- XRPD measurement of the solid dispersion prepared in the same manner as in this example after storage at 40 ° C. and 30% RH for 6 months showed no crystallization peak and was physically sufficiently stable. .
- Examples 2 and 3 describe the case where a solid dispersion was formed by the same preparation method as in Example 1 using sodium cation as the cation species and hydroxypropyl cellulose and methacrylic acid copolymer LD as the polymer.
- Example 2 A solid dispersion containing compound I and hydroxypropylcellulose (NISSO HPC-SL, Nippon Soda) as a polymer and a sodium cation as a cation species was prepared.
- Hydroxypropyl cellulose is a nonionic polymer having a cellulose skeleton and has a hydroxypropyl group as a functional group.
- the preparation conditions were the same as in Example 1. (Mole ratio of compound I: polymer is 1: 2, molar ratio of compound I: sodium is 1: 1.6)
- Example 3 A solid dispersion was prepared containing Compound I and methacrylic acid copolymer LD (EUDRAGIT L100-55, EVONIK) as the polymer and sodium cation as the cation species.
- the methacrylic acid copolymer LD is an ionic (acidic) polymer, and is a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate.
- a spray solvent a mixed solution (volume ratio 94.5: 5.5) of methanol (Junsei Kagaku) and a 2M NaOH aqueous solution was used, and the other conditions were the same as in Example 1. (The compound I: polymer weight ratio is 1: 2, and the compound I: sodium molar ratio is 1: 1.8).
- Comparative Examples 1-2 describe the case where the drug substance form of Compound I was changed.
- salt formation free-form crystals ⁇ salt crystals
- amorphization free-form crystals ⁇ free-form amorphous
- Comparative Examples 3 to 5 describe the formation of a solid dispersion with Compound I and the polymer.
- a method for improving the solubility other than the above a solid dispersion in which a drug is dispersed in a polymer matrix in an amorphous state is widely known, and an attempt was made to improve the solubility according to the present embodiment.
- This comparative example describes the formation of a solid dispersion containing Compound I and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a polymer.
- Compound I and polyvinylpyrrolidone were added to a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and methanol (volume ratio 70:30) at a weight ratio of 1: 2 (compound 33.3% and polymer 66.7%) at room temperature as a solid concentration of 12% ( (Compound I concentration: 4%), and the resulting solution was spray-dried with a small spray dryer B-290.
- the spray drying conditions were the same as in Comparative Example 2.
- the powder collected after spray drying was dried overnight at 60 ° C. in a vacuum dryer to obtain a solid dispersion.
- the obtained powder was confirmed to be amorphous by XRPD.
- Comparative Example 4 This comparative example describes the formation of a solid dispersion containing Compound I and hydroxypropylcellulose as a polymer. Preparation conditions were the same as in Comparative Example 3 (compound I: polymer weight ratio 1: 2). The obtained powder was confirmed to be amorphous by XRPD.
- Comparative Example 6 describes a case where a cationic species was added during the amorphization of compound I shown in Comparative Example 2, that is, a case where no polymer was added as compared with Examples 1 to 3.
- Comparative Example 7 relates to a case in which a polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone was physically mixed with the same components as in Comparative Example 6, that is, a case in which the composition was the same as in Example 1, but Compound I and the polymer did not form a solid dispersion. Describe. [Comparative Example 7] The same components as those in Comparative Example 6 (amorphous compound I containing sodium (the molar ratio of compound I: sodium is 1: 1.6)) and polyvinylpyrrolidone were combined with compound I and polymer at a weight ratio of 1: 2 ( (33.3% of compound and 66.7% of polymer) were weighed and mixed with a pestle and mortar.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 The results of dissolution tests performed on the salt crystals, amorphous and solid dispersions prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 7 and the solid dispersion of the present invention prepared in Examples 1 to 3 are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 and Example 2 each showed that the solid dispersion of this example showed 4 to 8 times higher solubility regardless of the same component as the polymer.
- FIG. 3 the results of the solubility of Comparative Example 6, which is the case of the solid dispersion containing only sodium, and Comparative Example 7, in which the polymer was physically mixed, were comparable to Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
- the two-component system of the polymer or cationic species cannot show the high effect as in this example, and the high elution is obtained only when the three constituent components are combined in a solid dispersion. It shows that the improvement effect is recognized.
- Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Example 8 describe cases where a surfactant was added to the solid dispersion. Using sodium cation as the cation species and hydroxypropylcellulose, copovidone, and hypromellose acetate succinate as the polymer, a solid dispersion is formed by the same preparation method as in Example 1, and then lauryl sulfate as a surfactant Sodium was incorporated.
- Example 5 A solid dispersion containing compound I and copovidone (Kollidon VA64, BASF) as a polymer and a sodium cation as a cationic species was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (compound I: polymer weight ratio 1: 2, compound I: sodium) Is 1: 1.6).
- Copovidone is a copolymer of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate and is a non-ionic polymer.
- Example 6 A solid dispersion was prepared containing Compound I and hypromellose acetate succinate as the polymer and sodium cation as the cationic species.
- a mixed solution volume ratio: 50: 20: 20: 10
- tetrahydrofuran ethanol
- water a 0.5 M NaOH aqueous solution
- 6% as solid content concentration 2% as compound I concentration
- FIG. 4 shows the results of the dissolution test performed on the solid dispersions containing the surfactants prepared in Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Example 8. In each sample, only a peak derived from sodium lauryl sulfate was observed by XRPD, and it was confirmed that Compound I was amorphous. From the results of the elution, in comparison with Comparative Example 8 in which sodium lauryl sulfate was added to the solid dispersion containing no polymer, in the case where sodium lauryl sulfate was added to the solid dispersion containing the polymer in Examples 4 to 6, , At about 120 minutes, showed about 2 to 5 times higher solubility. Therefore, it was shown that a surfactant can be added to the above-mentioned three-component solid dispersion for the purpose of improving the wettability of the powder (the high solubility is not impaired).
- Examples 7 and 8 Examples 7-8 describe the case where a solid dispersion was formed at a different compound: polymer ratio compared to Example 1 using sodium cation as the cation species and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the polymer.
- Example 7 A solid dispersion was prepared containing Compound I and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the polymer and sodium cation as the cationic species.
- Compound I A mixture of ethanol and a 2M NaOH aqueous solution (volume ratio of 95: 5) at a weight ratio of 1: 1.5 (compound 40% and polymer 60%) at room temperature as a solid content of 10% (compound I). About 4%).
- the other conditions were the same as in Example 1 (the molar ratio of compound I: sodium was 1: 1.6).
- Example 8 A solid dispersion was prepared containing Compound I and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the polymer and sodium cation as the cationic species.
- Compound I A mixture of ethanol and a 2 M NaOH aqueous solution (volume ratio: 95: 5) at a weight ratio of 1: 1 (compound 50% and polymer 50%) at room temperature as a solid content concentration of 8% (as a compound I concentration). 4%).
- the other conditions were the same as in Example 1 (the molar ratio of compound I: sodium was 1: 1.6).
- FIG. 5 shows the results of the dissolution test performed on the solid dispersions prepared in Examples 7 and 8, and the results of Example 1 as a comparison. In addition, all samples were confirmed to be amorphous by XRPD. From the results, even when the compound: polymer weight ratio was changed, the same high solubility as in Example 1 was exhibited.
- Examples 9 to 10 describe the case of using sodium cation as the cationic species and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the polymer to form a solid dispersion at a different sodium molar ratio compared to Example 7. Except for the sodium molar ratio of 1.8 in Example 3, in Examples 1 to 8, the spray solution was prepared so that the molar ratio of sodium was 1.6 with respect to compound I, but the lower sodium was used. An attempt was made to form a solid dispersion by ratio.
- Example 9 A solid dispersion was prepared containing Compound I and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the polymer and sodium cation as the cationic species.
- Compound I Polymer at a weight ratio of 1: 1.5, a mixture of ethanol and a 5 M aqueous NaOH solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 99.7: 0.3 by volume) at room temperature as a solid concentration of 2.5% (As a compound I concentration of 1%) (molar ratio of sodium in the spray solution to compound I was 1.1).
- Other conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- Example 10 A solid dispersion was prepared containing Compound I and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the polymer and sodium cation as the cationic species.
- Compound I a mixture of ethanol and a 5M NaOH aqueous solution (volume ratio 98.4: 1.6) at a polymer weight ratio of 1: 1.5 at room temperature as a solid content concentration of 10% (compound I concentration of 4%) (The molar ratio of sodium in the spray solution was 1.3 with respect to compound I).
- Other conditions were the same as in Example 1.
- the sodium was quantified by ion chromatography and the compound was quantified by HPLC. As a result, all solid dispersions had a solid molar ratio of sodium as charged. It was confirmed that it was contained in the dispersion.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of performing a dissolution test on these solid dispersions. From the results, even when the molar ratio of sodium was changed, high solubility was exhibited as in the previous examples. In addition, the obtained powder was confirmed to be amorphous by XRPD.
- Examples 11 to 14 describe the case where a solid dispersion was formed using a different cation species than the sodium cation.
- a potassium cation and an arginine cation were examined.
- Example 11 A solid dispersion containing Compound I and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the polymer and potassium cation as the cationic species was prepared.
- Compound I A mixture of ethanol and a 1 M KOH aqueous solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) at a weight ratio of 1: 2 (volume ratio: 90:10) at room temperature as a solid content concentration of about 12% (4% as a compound I concentration). Dissolved. Other conditions were the same as in Example 1 (molar ratio of compound I: potassium: 1: 1.6).
- Example 12 A solid dispersion was prepared containing Compound I, hydroxypropylcellulose as the polymer, and potassium cation as the cationic species.
- Compound I About 12% solid concentration (4% compound I concentration) was dissolved at room temperature in a mixture of ethanol and a 1M KOH aqueous solution (volume ratio 90:10) at a 1: 2 weight ratio of polymer.
- Other conditions were the same as in Example 1 (molar ratio of compound I: potassium: 1: 1.6).
- Examples 13 and 14 describe the case where a solid dispersion was formed using an arginine cation as the cationic species.
- preparation by a hot melt kneading method hot melt extrusion was attempted.
- Example 13 A solid dispersion was prepared containing compound I and copovidone as the polymer and arginine cation as the cationic species.
- Example 14 A solid dispersion was prepared containing Compound I and polyvinyl alcohol (Parteck MXP, MERCK) as the polymer and an arginine cation as the cationic species.
- Polyvinyl alcohol is a polymer of vinyl alcohol and is a nonionic polymer.
- the other conditions were the same as in Example 13 (compound I: polymer weight ratio 1: 8, compound I: arginine molar ratio 1: 3.6).
- Example 15 Absorption test in vivo This example describes the results of an in vivo (beagle dog) test performed in an example showing high dissolution in an in vitro dissolution test. The exposure (C max and AUC) of Compound I upon oral administration of a composition as described below was evaluated.
- Composition A A gelatin capsule (size # 00) containing besylate crystals equivalent to that of Comparative Example 1 and various additives that do not assist dissolution was added.
- Composition B A solid dispersion equivalent to that of Example 1 was packed in a gelatin capsule (size # 00).
- Composition C A solid dispersion equivalent to that of Example 2 was packed in a gelatin capsule (size # 00).
- Composition D A solid dispersion equivalent to that of Example 5 mixed with sodium lauryl sulfate and packed in a gelatin capsule (size # 00) was provided.
- the animal species used was a 12 to 18 month old beagle dog (male), which was treated with 0.25 mL / kg of pentagastrin (Sigma-Aldrich) at a dose of 6 ⁇ g / kg 1 hour before the start of oral administration as a pretreatment. kg was administered intramuscularly in the hind limbs.
- the capsules containing the composition were orally administered to fasted animals whose residual food was removed at 17:00 on the day before administration, and then gavaged with tap water at 50 mL / head using a catheter and flushed with 10 mL of air.
- Blood (0.6 mL) was collected from the forearm cephalic vein at 0.083, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 7, and 24 hours before and after administration. The collected blood was immediately centrifuged (12,000 rpm), and the concentration of Compound I in the obtained plasma was quantified by HPLC-MS / MS.
- Table 2 shows the dose (dose), n number (number of dogs used) and results (C max , AUC inf , bioavailability) of the in vivo test. That is, Table 2 shows the results of an in vivo (beagle dog) test performed using Examples 1, 2, and 5 and Comparative Example 1, and shows the exposure of compound I when each composition was orally administered (C max). , AUC and bioavailability).
- C max is the observed maximum concentration of Compound I in plasma and AUC inf is the area under the curve of Compound I concentration in plasma versus time. These are averaged over the number of dogs administered. Bioavailability is calculated as AUC inf divided by dose as a percentage of that obtained with a 2 mg / kg iv dose given to a separate group of dogs.
- the group to which the solid dispersion of this example was administered exhibited higher absorption (exposure) than the group to which the composition containing the besylate crystals of Compound I was administered, and C
- An improvement of about 1.4 to 2.6 times for max and an improvement of 1.9 to 3.7 times for AUC inf were observed. This indicates that the solid dispersion not only improves in vitro dissolution, but also improves in vivo bioavailability.
- the XRPD of the crystals obtained in Production Examples 1 and 2 was measured under the following conditions.
- FIG. 9 shows the measurement results of the type I crystal
- FIG. 10 shows the measurement results of the type II crystal.
- the solid dispersion according to the present invention comprises a poorly water-soluble compound having strong PTH-like action and high metabolic stability, 1- (3,5-dimethyl-4- (2-((4-oxo-2- (4- (Trifluoromethoxy) phenyl) -1,3,8-triazaspiro [4.5] dec-1-en-8-yl) sulfonyl) ethyl) phenyl) -5,5-dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-dione
- the present invention has made it possible to greatly improve the solubility and the accompanying absorption in the digestive tract.
Abstract
Description
〔1〕
下記の構造式:
を有する化合物I、医薬的に許容されるポリマー、および医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を含む、固体分散体。
〔2〕
非晶質で存在する化合物Iを含む、〔1〕に記載の固体分散体。
〔3〕
前記医薬的に許容されるポリマーが、ポリビニルピロリドン、コポビドン、ポリビニルアルコール、セルロース系ポリマー、及びメタクリル酸コポリマーからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のポリマーである、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の固体分散体。
〔4〕
前記医薬的に許容されるポリマーが、ポリビニルピロリドン、コポビドン、ポリビニルアルコール、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネート、及びメタクリル酸コポリマーLDからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のポリマーである、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の固体分散体。
〔5〕
前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種が、pKa値11以上の塩基によって供給される少なくとも1種のカチオン種である、〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
〔6〕
前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種が、ナトリウムカチオン、カリウムカチオン、アルギニンカチオンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
〔7〕
前記組成物中の化合物I対前記ポリマーの重量比が約1:9~約1:1である、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
〔8〕
前記組成物中の化合物I対前記ポリマーの重量比が約1:2~約1:1である、〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
〔9〕
前記組成物中の化合物Iに対する前記カチオン種のモル比が0.8以上である、〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
〔10〕
更に界面活性剤を含み、該界面活性剤が医薬的に許容される界面活性剤である、〔1〕~〔9〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
〔11〕
前記化合物Iが、下記結晶に由来する、〔1〕~〔10〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体;
フリー体I形結晶:粉末X線回折パターンにおいて、2θで表される回折角度が14.4°、15.3°、16.6°、18.7°(±0.2°)であるピークを含む、化合物Iの結晶;および/または
フリー体II形結晶:粉末X線回折パターンにおいて、2θで表される回折角度が7.9°、13.5°、15.9°、21.8°(±0.2°)であるピークを含む、化合物Iの結晶。
〔12〕
〔1〕~〔11〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体を含む、医薬組成物。
〔13〕
(i)下記の構造式:
を有する化合物I、医薬的に許容されるポリマー、および医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を与える塩基を提供する工程;
(ii)前記化合物I、前記医薬的に許容されるポリマー、および前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を与える塩基を混合する工程、ならびに
(iii)前記化合物I、前記医薬的に許容されるポリマー、および前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を含む固体分散体を得る工程を含む、固体分散体の製造方法。
〔14〕
前記工程(ii)および(iii)が、それぞれ下記工程を含む、〔13〕に記載の方法;
(ii-a)前記化合物I、前記医薬的に許容されるポリマー、および前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を与える塩基を溶媒に混合して混合溶液を調製する工程、ならびに
(iii-a)前記工程(ii-a)で得られた混合溶液から溶媒を除去する工程。
〔15〕
前記工程(iii-a)が、スプレー乾燥により溶媒を除去し、乾燥する工程を含む、〔14〕に記載の方法。
〔16〕
前記工程(i)において、化合物Iが下記結晶に由来する、〔13〕~〔15〕のいずれかに記載の方法;
フリー体I形結晶:粉末X線回折パターンにおいて、2θで表される回折角度が14.4°、15.3°、16.6°、18.7°(±0.2°)であるピークを含む、化合物Iの結晶;および/または
フリー体II形結晶:粉末X線回折パターンにおいて、2θで表される回折角度が7.9°、13.5°、15.9°、21.8°(±0.2°)であるピークを含む、化合物Iの結晶。
〔17〕
医薬組成物が、副甲状腺機能低下症の予防又は治療、骨粗鬆症の予防又は治療、歯周病における骨量減少の改善、抜歯後の歯槽骨欠損の回復促進、変形性関節症の予防又は治療、関節軟骨欠損の回復促進、無形成骨症の予防又は治療、軟骨無形成症の予防又は治療、軟骨低形成症の予防又は治療、骨軟化症の予防又は治療、或いは、骨折の回復促進用である、〔12〕に記載の医薬組成物。
〔18〕
〔1〕~〔11〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体または〔12〕に記載の薬学的組成物を、それを必要とする患者に投与することを含む、副甲状腺機能低下症の予防又は治療、骨粗鬆症の予防又は治療、歯周病における骨量減少の改善、抜歯後の歯槽骨欠損の回復促進、変形性関節症の予防又は治療、関節軟骨欠損の回復促進、無形成骨症の予防又は治療、軟骨無形成症の予防又は治療、軟骨低形成症の予防又は治療、骨軟化症の予防又は治療、或いは、骨折の回復促進のための方法。
〔19〕
副甲状腺機能低下症の予防又は治療、骨粗鬆症の予防又は治療、歯周病における骨量減少の改善、抜歯後の歯槽骨欠損の回復促進、変形性関節症の予防又は治療、関節軟骨欠損の回復促進、無形成骨症の予防又は治療、軟骨無形成症の予防又は治療、軟骨低形成症の予防又は治療、骨軟化症の予防又は治療、或いは、骨折の回復促進のための医薬組成物を製造するための、〔1〕~〔11〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体または〔12〕に記載の薬学的組成物の使用。
〔20〕
副甲状腺機能低下症の予防又は治療、骨粗鬆症の予防又は治療、歯周病における骨量減少の改善、抜歯後の歯槽骨欠損の回復促進、変形性関節症の予防又は治療、関節軟骨欠損の回復促進、無形成骨症の予防又は治療、軟骨無形成症の予防又は治療、軟骨低形成症の予防又は治療、骨軟化症の予防又は治療、或いは、骨折の回復促進における使用のための、〔1〕~〔11〕のいずれかに記載の固体分散体または〔12〕に記載の薬学的組成物。
本発明の固体分散体に含まれる化合物は、下記の構造式を有する1-(3,5-ジメチル-4-(2-((4-オキソ-2-(4-(トリフルオロメトキシ)フェニル)-1,3,8-トリアザスピロ[4.5]デカ-1-エン-8-イル)スルホニル)エチル)フェニル)-5,5-ジメチルイミダゾリジン-2,4-ジオン(化合物I)である。
本発明に係る固体分散体で用いることのできるポリマーは、医薬的に許容されるものであるべきであり、また生理学的に関連するpH(例えば1~8)の水溶液中で少なくとも多少の溶解度を有するものが好ましい。1~8のpH範囲の少なくとも一部にわたって少なくとも約0.1mg/mLの水溶解度を有するほとんどあらゆるポリマーは適切であり得る。本発明で用いることのできるポリマーとしては、たとえば、以下の非イオン性ポリマー(中性ポリマー)又はイオン性ポリマーが挙げられる。
一態様において、本発明で用いることのできるポリマーとしては、たとえば非イオン性ポリマー(中性ポリマー)が挙げられる。すなわちポリマーは実質的にイオン性官能基を持たないことが好ましい。「実質的にイオン性官能基がない」とは、ポリマーに共有結合しているイオン性基の数がポリマー1グラムあたり約0.05ミリ当量未満であることを意味する。好ましくはその数は中性ポリマー1グラムあたり約0.02ミリ当量未満である。「イオン性官能基」とは、1~8の生理学的関連pH範囲の少なくとも一部にわたって少なくとも約10%がイオン化される官能基を意味する。そのような基は約0~9のpKa値を有する。
一態様において、本発明で用いることのできるポリマーとしては、たとえばイオン性ポリマーを用いることもできる。すなわちポリマーは実質的にイオン性官能基を持ち、1~8の生理学的関連pH範囲の少なくとも一部にわたって少なくとも約10%がイオン化される。イオン性ポリマーは、イオン化されるpH範囲において、一般的に酸性ポリマー及び塩基性ポリマーに分類される。酸性ポリマー(又は腸溶性ポリマー)は、中性又はアルカリ性溶液に溶け、塩基性ポリマーは酸性又は中性溶液に溶ける性質を持つポリマーである。酸性ポリマーとしては、具体的にはセルロースアセテートフタレート、セルロースアセテートトリメリテート、セルロースアセテートサクシネート、メチルセルロースフタレート、ヒドロキシメチルセルロースエチルフタレート、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースフタレート、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースアセテートサクシネート(HPMCAS)、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルアセテートマレエート、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルトリメリテート、カルボキシメチルエチルセルロース、ポリビニルブチレートフタレート、ポリビニルアルコールアセテートフタレート、メタクリル酸/エチルアクリレートコポリマー(好ましくは質量比1:99から99:1)、メタクリル酸/メタクリル酸メチルコポリマー(好ましくは質量比1:99から99:1)、及びメタクリル酸コポリマー等が挙げられ、胃から小腸の上部から中部へ移行後、速やかに溶出が始まると考えられる性質を持つ。具体的には、ポリマーがpH6.8の日局リン酸緩衝液中で120分以内に溶解する性質を示すものが好ましい。塩基性ポリマーとしては、具体的にはアミノアルキルメタクリル酸コポリマーE、ポリビニルアセタールジエチルアミノアセテート等が挙げられ、胃内の酸性条件下で速やかに溶出が始まると考えられる性質を持つ。具体的には、ポリマーがpH1.2の日局溶出試験第1液中で120分以内に溶解する性質を示すものが好ましい。
本発明に係る固体分散体は、医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を含有する。カチオン種は化合物Iと共溶解されている塩基によって供給することができる。
ポリマーはポリビニルピロリドンで、カチオン種はナトリウムカチオンである;
別の態様において、ポリマーはポリビニルピロリドンで、カチオン種はカリウムカチオンである;または
別の態様において、ポリマーはポリビニルピロリドンで、カチオン種はアルギニンカチオンである。
ポリマーはコポビドンで、カチオン種はナトリウムカチオンである;
別の態様において、ポリマーはコポビドンで、カチオン種はカリウムカチオンである;または
別の態様において、ポリマーはコポビドンで、カチオン種はアルギニンカチオンである。
ポリマーはポリビニルアルコールで、カチオン種はナトリウムカチオンである;
別の態様において、ポリマーはポリビニルアルコールで、カチオン種はカリウムカチオンである;または
別の態様において、ポリマーはポリビニルアルコールで、カチオン種はアルギニンカチオンである。
ポリマーはヒドロキシプロピルセルロースで、カチオン種はナトリウムカチオンである;
別の態様において、ポリマーはヒドロキシプロピルセルロースで、カチオン種はカリウムカチオンである;または
別の態様において、ポリマーはヒドロキシプロピルセルロースで、カチオン種はアルギニンカチオンである。
ポリマーはヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネートで、カチオン種はナトリウムカチオンである;
別の態様において、ポリマーはヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネートで、カチオン種はカリウムカチオンである;または
別の態様において、ポリマーはヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネートで、カチオン種はアルギニンカチオンである。
ポリマーはメタクリル酸コポリマーLDで、カチオン種はナトリウムカチオンである;
別の態様において、ポリマーはメタクリル酸コポリマーLDで、カチオン種はカリウムカチオンである;または
別の態様において、ポリマーはメタクリル酸コポリマーLDで、カチオン種はアルギニンカチオンである。
本発明にかかる固体分散体及びそれを含む医薬組成物は、更に界面活性剤を含んでもよい。界面活性剤は本発明の固体分散体の中に共分散されても、固体分散体の外側にその他の添加剤と同様に混合(配合)されてもよい。本発明で用いることのできる界面活性剤は、医薬的に許容される界面活性剤である。
本発明に係る固体分散体は、化合物I、医薬的に許容されるポリマー、及び医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を含む。
本発明に係る固体分散体の製造方法は、
(i)下記の構造式:
を有する化合物I、医薬的に許容されるポリマー、および医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を与える塩基を提供する工程;
(ii)前記化合物I、前記医薬的に許容されるポリマー、および前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を与える塩基を混合する工程、ならびに
(iii)前記化合物I、前記医薬的に許容されるポリマー、および前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を含む固体分散体を得る工程を含む。
(ii-a)前記化合物I、前記医薬的に許容されるポリマー、および前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を与える塩基を溶媒に混合して混合溶液を調製する工程、ならびに
(iii-a)工程(ii-a)で得られた混合溶液から溶媒を除去する工程。
溶媒はスプレー乾燥によって除去できる。「スプレー乾燥」という用語は従来使用されており、広義にはスプレー乾燥装置で液体混合物を小滴に砕き(噴霧)、混合物から溶媒を迅速に除去することを含む方法のことを言う。スプレー乾燥装置内では溶媒を液滴から蒸発させるための強い推進力が働いている。スプレー乾燥法及びスプレー乾燥装置は一般にPerry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook,20-54~20-57ページ(第6版、1984)に記載されている。スプレー乾燥法及び装置に関する更なる詳細は、Marshall,“Atomization and Spray-Drying,”50 Chem.Eng.Prog.Monogr.Series 2(1954)及びMasters,Spray Drying Handbook(第4版、1985)に概説されている。溶媒蒸発のための強力な推進力は、一般的にスプレー乾燥装置内の溶媒の分圧を、乾燥する液滴の温度における溶媒の蒸気圧よりずっと低く維持することによって提供される。これは、(1)スプレー乾燥装置内の圧力を部分真空(例えば0.01~0.50atm)に維持する;又は(2)液滴を温かい乾燥ガスと混合する;又は(3)(1)と(2)の両方によって達成される。さらに溶媒の蒸発に必要な熱の少なくとも一部をスプレー溶液の加熱によって提供することもできる。
別の態様において、溶媒は、溶媒含有原料溶液をシードコアに噴霧することによって除去される。シードコアは、デンプン、微結晶性セルロース、糖又はワックスのような任意の適切な材料から、溶融-又はスプレー凝固、押出/球形化、造粒、スプレー乾燥などのような任意の公知法によって製造できる。原料溶液はそのようなシードコアに製薬技術分野で公知のコーティング装置や造粒装置を用いてスプレーできる。例えば、パンコーター(例えば、日本・東京のFreund Corp.から入手できるHi-Coater、英国リバプールのManestyから入手できるAccela-Cota)、流動床コーター(例えば、ニュージャージー州ラムゼイのGlatt Air Technologies及びスイス・ブーベンドルフのNiro Pharma Systemsから入手できるWurster coaters又はtop-sprayers)及び回転造粒器(例えば、Freund Corpから入手できるCF-Granulator)などである。この方法の最中に、シードコアは原料溶液でコーティングされ、溶媒は蒸発するので、固体分散体を含むコーティングが得られる。このように形成された粒子はシードコアのそれと類似する密度を有することになり、組成物の加工と取扱いが改良される。
溶融プロセスとしては、慣用されている、熱源を有する撹拌機、混練機等を用いて行うことができる。また、内部を加圧できる構造を有しているものがより好ましい。例えば、シリンダー内にスクリューを有する押出機(例、単軸押出機、2軸押出機等)、射出成形機(例、2軸型エクストルーダー等)の射出装置を使用することができる。中でも好ましくは、2軸型エクストルーダーの射出装置(例えば、米国・マサチューセッツ州のThermoFisher Scientificから入手できるPharma16二軸スクリューエクストルーダー)である。
この場合、薬物、ポリマー及び必要に応じて可塑剤、界面活性剤等のその他成分を、これらの装置のホッパーから、適切な加熱融解温度に維持した装置内部に投入し、スクリューを回転させることにより、固形物質が融解し、均一に混練される。あるいは必要に応じて装置内部に投入する前に、予備的に混合することもできる。本発明の製造方法における圧力、温度、粉体供給速度、ダイ口径、スクリューの形状、スクリュー回転数などの設定条件は使用する薬物、ポリマー等の種類または機種などにより異なるが、各構成成分の分解温度以下になるようにそれぞれを組み合わせることが重要で、目的とする製品特性にあわせて変化させることが望ましい。溶融、混練に引き続いて、たとえば、冷却、固化、さらに必要に応じて粉砕等の処理を行い、本発明に係る固体分散体を得ることができる。
上記のようにして得られた固体分散体は、そのまま、または医薬製剤分野で使用される任意の他の成分と混合後、医薬組成物として用いることができる。
好適な態様において、本発明の固体分散体はインビトロ溶出試験において良好な溶出を提供する。特に、試験溶液に人工模擬腸液(fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid:FaSSIF)を用いたインビトロ溶出試験の溶解性向上は、インビボにおける良好なバイオアベイラビリティ(すなわち、血中濃度の向上)と相関することが知られている。例えば、Takano,23、Pharm.Res.(2006)らは、12のモデル薬物に対して、上記FaSSIFを用いたインビトロ溶出試験における溶出プロファイルから算出した、経口投与時の消化管吸収率(Fa)がヒトのインビボ試験から得られたFaと良好な相関を示すことを報告している。
本実施例では、化合物I及びポリマーとしてポリビニルピロリドンを、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体の形成について記載する。ポリビニルピロリドンはN-ビニル-2-ピロリドンの重合体であり、非イオン性ポリマーである。
化合物I及びポリビニルピロリドン(Kollidon 30、BASF)を重量比1:2(化合物33.3%及びポリマー66.7%)の比率でエタノール(純正化学)及び2M NaOH水溶液(和光純薬)の混液(体積比95:5)に室温にて固形分濃度として12%(化合物I濃度として4%)ほど溶解させた。次いで得られた溶液を、小型スプレー乾燥機B-290(BUCHI)によりスプレー乾燥をし、固体分散体を得た(化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.6)。
実施例2~3は、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを、ポリマーとしてヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、メタクリル酸コポリマーLDを用いて、実施例1と同様の調製方法にて固体分散体を形成した事例について記載する。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(NISSO HPC-SL、日本曹達)を、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースはセルロース骨格を有する非イオン性ポリマーであり、官能基としてヒドロキシプロピル基を持つ。調製条件は実施例1と同様に実施した。(化合物I:ポリマーの重量比は1:2、化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.6)
化合物I及びポリマーとしてメタクリル酸コポリマーLD(EUDRAGIT L100-55、EVONIK)を、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。メタクリル酸コポリマーLDはイオン性(酸性)ポリマーであり、メタクリル酸及びアクリル酸エチルが共重合したコポリマーである。スプレー溶媒としては、メタノール(純正化学)及び2M NaOH水溶液の混液(体積比94.5:5.5)を用い、その他の条件は実施例1と同様に実施した。(化合物I:ポリマーの重量比は1:2、化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.8)
比較例1~2は、化合物Iの原薬形態を変えた事例について記載する。溶解性を向上させる手法として、塩形成(フリー体結晶⇒塩結晶)及び非晶質化(フリー体結晶⇒フリー体非晶質)は広く知られており、本形態による溶解性改善を試みた。
本比較例では、化合物Iのベシル酸塩について記載する。化合物I(4.0g)を酢酸(40mL)と2mol/Lベンゼンスルホン酸水溶液(3.78mL)の混液に80℃にて溶解させ、メチルエチルケトン(20mL)を加え、10分間撹拌し、40℃まで冷却したのち10分間撹拌した。室温に冷却した後にメチルエチルケトン(20mL)を加え、10分間撹拌し、さらにメチルエチルケトン(40mL)を加えた後に沈殿した固体をろ過し、乾燥した。乾燥した固体(4.17g)をメチルエチルケトン(60mL)に懸濁し、40℃で2時間撹拌した。さらに、酢酸(2mL)と水(2mL)を加え、40℃で17時間撹拌したのち、得られた結晶をろ過し、乾燥することで化合物Iのベシル酸塩結晶(3.75g)を得た。
本比較例では、化合物Iの非晶質(フリー体非晶質)について記載する。化合物Iをテトラヒドロフラン(純正化学)及び水の混液(体積比85:15)に室温にて化合物I濃度として4%ほど溶解させ、得られた溶液を小型スプレー乾燥機B-290にて、インレット温度50-70℃(アウトレット温度35-55℃)、アスピレーター出力100%、ペリスタポンプ出力20%、スプレー空気流量計高さ25-30mmにてスプレー乾燥した。スプレー乾燥後に回収した粉末を、真空乾燥機にて室温で一晩乾燥し、フリー体非晶質を得た。得られた粉末はXRPDにて、非晶質であることを確認した。
比較例3~5は、化合物I及びポリマーとの固体分散体の形成について記載する。上述以外の溶解性を向上させる手法として、薬物をポリマーマトリクス内に非晶質状態で分散させる固体分散体は広く知られており、本形態による溶解性改善を試みた。
本比較例では、化合物I及びポリマーとしてポリビニルピロリドンを含む固体分散体の形成について記載する。化合物I及びポリビニルピロリドンを重量比1:2(化合物33.3%及びポリマー66.7%)の比率でテトラヒドロフラン及びメタノールの混液(体積比70:30)に室温にて固形分濃度として12%(化合物I濃度として4%)ほど溶解させ、次いで得られた溶液を、小型スプレー乾燥機B-290によりスプレー乾燥をした。スプレー乾燥条件は比較例2と同様に実施した。スプレー乾燥後に回収した粉末を、真空乾燥機にて60℃で一晩乾燥し、固体分散体を得た。得られた粉末はXRPDにて、非晶質であることを確認した。
本比較例では、化合物I及びポリマーとしてヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを含む固体分散体の形成について記載する。調製条件は比較例3と同様に実施した(化合物I:ポリマーの重量比は1:2)。得られた粉末はXRPDにて、非晶質であることを確認した。
本比較例では、化合物I及びポリマーとしてヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネート(Shin-Etsu AQOAT-LF、信越化学)を含む固体分散体の形成について記載する。ヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネートはセルロース骨格を有するイオン性(酸性)ポリマーであり、官能基としてアセチル基及びサクシノイル基を持つ。スプレー溶媒としては、テトラヒドロフラン及び水の混液(体積比85:15)を用い、その他の条件は比較例3と同様に実施した(化合物I:ポリマーの重量比は1:2)。得られた粉末はXRPDにて、非晶質であることを確認した。
比較例6は、比較例2で示した化合物Iの非晶質化の際にカチオン種を加えた事例、すなわち実施例1~3に比べてポリマーを加えていない事例について記載する。
本比較例では、化合物I及びカチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む非晶質の形成について記載する。化合物Iをエタノール及び2M NaOH水溶液の混液(体積比95:5)に室温にて化合物I濃度として4%ほど溶解させ、得られた溶液を小型スプレー乾燥機B-290にて、インレット温度50-70℃(アウトレット温度35-55℃)、アスピレーター出力100%、ペリスタポンプ出力20%、スプレー空気流量計高さ25-30mmにてスプレー乾燥した(化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.6)。スプレー乾燥後に回収した粉末を、真空乾燥機にて室温で一晩乾燥した。得られた粉末はXRPDにて、非晶質であることを確認した。
比較例7は、比較例6と同様の成分にポリマーのポリビニルピロリドンを物理的に混合した事例、すなわち実施例1と組成は同じものの、化合物Iとポリマーが固体分散体を形成していない事例について記載する。
〔比較例7〕
比較例6と同様の成分(ナトリウムを含む化合物Iの非晶質(化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.6))及びポリビニルピロリドンを、化合物Iとポリマーとが重量比1:2(化合物33.3%及びポリマー66.7%)の比率になるように秤量し、乳棒・乳鉢にて混合した。
実施例4~6及び比較例8は、本固体分散体に界面活性剤を加えた事例について記載する。カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを、ポリマーとしてヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、コポビドン、ヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネートを用いて、実施例1と同様の調製方法にて固体分散体を形成し、その後界面活性剤であるラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを配合した。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を実施例1と同様に調製した(化合物I:ポリマーの重量比は1:2、化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.6)。得られた固体分散体とラウリル硫酸ナトリウム(NIKKOL SLS、日光ケミカルズ)をラウリル硫酸ナトリウムの配合比率が化合物Iの半量(化合物I:ポリマー:ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム=1:2:0.5)(重量比)になるように秤量し、乳棒・乳鉢にて混合した。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてコポビドン(Kollidon VA64、BASF)を、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を実施例1と同様に調製した(化合物I:ポリマーの重量比は1:2、化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.6)。コポビドンは、N-ビニル-2-ピロリドンと酢酸ビニルの共重合体であり、非イオン性ポリマーである。得られた固体分散体にラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを配合比率が化合物Iの半量(化合物I:ポリマー:ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム=1:2:0.5)(重量比)になるように秤量し、乳棒・乳鉢にて混合した。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネートを、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。テトラヒドロフラン、エタノール、水及び0.5M NaOH水溶液(和光純薬)の混液(体積比50:20:20:10)に室温にて固形分濃度として6%(化合物I濃度として2%)ほど溶解させた。その他の条件は実施例1と同様に実施した(化合物I:ポリマーの重量比は1:2、化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.6)。得られた固体分散体にラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを配合比率が化合物Iの半量(化合物I:ポリマー:ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム=1:2:0.5)(重量比)になるように秤量し、乳棒・乳鉢にて混合した。
化合物I及びカチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を比較例6と同様に調製した(化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.6)。得られた固体分散体にラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを配合比率が化合物Iの半量(化合物I:ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム=1:0.5)(重量比)になるように秤量し、乳棒・乳鉢にて混合した。
実施例4~6及び比較例8で調製した界面活性剤を含む固体分散体について、溶出試験を実施した結果を図4に示す。尚、いずれの試料もXRPDにてラウリル硫酸ナトリウム由来のピークのみが観察され、化合物Iは非晶質であることを確認した。溶出の結果より、ポリマーを含まない固体分散体にラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを加えた比較例8と比較して、実施例4~6のポリマーを含んだ固体分散体にラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを加えた事例においては、120分時点において、約2~5倍高い溶解性を示した。よって、前述した3成分の固体分散体に粉体の濡れ性改善等のために界面活性剤を加えることが可能(高い溶解性向上を損なわない)ということが示された。
実施例7~8は、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを、ポリマーとしてポリビニルピロリドンを用いて、実施例1と比べて、異なる化合物:ポリマー比率にて固体分散体を形成した事例について記載する。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてポリビニルピロリドンを、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。化合物I:ポリマー重量比1:1.5(化合物40%及びポリマー60%)にて、エタノール及び2M NaOH水溶液の混液(体積比95:5)に室温にて固形分濃度として10%(化合物I濃度として4%)ほど溶解させた。その他の条件は実施例1と同様に実施した(化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.6)。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてポリビニルピロリドンを、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。化合物I:ポリマー重量比1:1(化合物50%及びポリマー50%)にて、エタノール及び2M NaOH水溶液の混液(体積比95:5)に室温にて固形分濃度として8%(化合物I濃度として4%)ほど溶解させた。その他の条件は実施例1と同様に実施した(化合物I:ナトリウムのモル比は1:1.6)。
実施例7~8で調製したこの固体分散体について、溶出試験を実施した結果及び比較として実施例1の結果を図5に示す。尚、いずれの試料もXRPDにて非晶質であることを確認した。結果より、化合物:ポリマー重量比率を変えた場合においても、実施例1と同様の高い溶解性を示した。
実施例9~10は、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを、ポリマーとしてポリビニルピロリドンを用いて、実施例7と比べて、異なるナトリウムのモル比にて固体分散体を形成した事例について記載する。実施例3のナトリウムのモル比1.8を除いて、実施例1~8において、ナトリウムのモル比は化合物Iに対して1.6となるようスプレー溶液を調製していたが、より低いナトリウム比率による固体分散体形成を試みた。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてポリビニルピロリドンを、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。化合物I:ポリマー重量比1:1.5にて、エタノール及び5M NaOH水溶液(和光純薬)の混液(体積比99.7:0.3)に室温にて固形分濃度として2.5%(化合物I濃度として1%)ほど溶解させた(スプレー溶液中のナトリウムのモル比は化合物Iに対して1.1)。その他の条件は実施例1と同様に実施した。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてポリビニルピロリドンを、カチオン種としてナトリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。化合物I:ポリマー重量比1:1.5にて、エタノール及び5M NaOH水溶液の混液(体積比98.4:1.6)に室温にて固形分濃度として10%(化合物I濃度として4%)ほど溶解させた(スプレー溶液中のナトリウムのモル比は化合物Iに対して1.3)。その他の条件は実施例1と同様に実施した。
実施例11~14は、ナトリウムカチオン以外の異なるカチオン種を用いて、固体分散体を形成した事例について記載する。カチオン種としてはカリウムカチオン及びアルギニンカチオンについて検討を実施した。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてポリビニルピロリドンを、カチオン種としてカリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。化合物I:ポリマー重量比1:2にて、エタノール及び1M KOH水溶液(和光純薬)の混液(体積比90:10)に室温にて固形分濃度として12%(化合物I濃度として4%)ほど溶解させた。その他の条件は実施例1と同様に実施した(化合物I:カリウムのモル比は1:1.6)。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてヒドロキシプロピルセルロースを、カチオン種としてカリウムカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。化合物I:ポリマー重量比1:2にて、エタノール及び1M KOH水溶液の混液(体積比90:10)に室温にて固形分濃度として12%(化合物I濃度として4%)ほど溶解させた。その他の条件は実施例1と同様に実施した(化合物I:カリウムのモル比は1:1.6)。
実施例13~14は、カチオン種としてアルギニンカチオンを用いて、固体分散体を形成した事例について記載する。本実施例では前述のスプレー乾燥による調製ではなく、加熱溶融混錬法(Hot melt extrusion)による調製を試みた。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてコポビドンを、カチオン種としてアルギニンカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。化合物I:L-アルギニン(和光純薬):ポリマーを重量比1:1:8で乳鉢にて物理的に混合したものを、小型2軸加熱溶融混錬機ZE-9(Three-Tec)に投入し、スクリュー回転数20rpm、バレル温度(H1/H2/H3=150/220/210℃)の条件にて加熱溶融混錬を実施した。得られた棒状のサンプルは、サンプルミルにて粗粉砕し、得られた顆粒状の粉末を固体分散体とした(化合物I:アルギニンのモル比は1:3.6)。
化合物I及びポリマーとしてポリビニルアルコール(Parteck MXP、MERCK)を、カチオン種としてアルギニンカチオンを含む固体分散体を調製した。ポリビニルアルコールは、ビニルアルコールの重合体であり、非イオン性ポリマーである。その他の条件は実施例13と同様に実施した(化合物I:ポリマーの重量比は1:8、化合物I:アルギニンのモル比は1:3.6)。
本実施例では、インビトロ溶出試験において高い溶出を示した実施例において、インビボ(ビーグル犬)試験を実施した結果について記載する。下記のような組成物を経口投与した際の化合物Iの暴露(Cmax及びAUC)を評価した。
組成物B:実施例1と同等の固体分散体を、ゼラチンカプセル(サイズ#00)に詰めたものを供した。
組成物C:実施例2と同等の固体分散体を、ゼラチンカプセル(サイズ#00)に詰めたものを供した。
組成物D:実施例5と同等の固体分散体にラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを配合したものを、ゼラチンカプセル(サイズ#00)に詰めたものを供した。
化合物I(1g)をエタノール(8mL)と水(2mL)の混合液に懸濁し、75℃にて3時間撹拌した。懸濁液を45℃まで冷却した後、さらに1日撹拌した。得られた結晶をろ過し、乾燥することで化合物IのI形結晶(0.9g)を得た。
I形結晶は、保存安定性に優れていた。
化合物Iを10倍量(v/w)のジメチルスルホキシドに溶解させ、バイアルに分注したのち、凍結乾燥した。凍結乾燥によって得られた固体に5倍量(v/w)の1-ブタノールを加え、1週間撹拌して化合物IのII形結晶を得た。
測定装置:SmartLab(Rigaku製)
対陰極:Cu
管電圧:45kV
管電流:200mA
走査範囲:5~35°
サンプリング幅:0.02°
Claims (16)
- 非晶質で存在する化合物Iを含む、請求項1に記載の固体分散体。
- 前記医薬的に許容されるポリマーが、ポリビニルピロリドン、コポビドン、ポリビニルアルコール、セルロース系ポリマー、及びメタクリル酸コポリマーからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のポリマーである、請求項1又は2に記載の固体分散体。
- 前記医薬的に許容されるポリマーが、ポリビニルピロリドン、コポビドン、ポリビニルアルコール、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒプロメロースアセテートサクシネート、及びメタクリル酸コポリマーLDからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のポリマーである、請求項1又は2に記載の固体分散体。
- 前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種が、pKa値11以上の塩基によって供給される少なくとも1種のカチオン種である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
- 前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種が、ナトリウムカチオン、カリウムカチオン、アルギニンカチオンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
- 前記組成物中の化合物I対前記ポリマーの重量比が約1:9~約1:1である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
- 前記組成物中の化合物I対前記ポリマーの重量比が約1:2~約1:1である、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
- 前記組成物中の化合物Iに対する前記カチオン種のモル比が0.8以上である、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
- 更に界面活性剤を含み、該界面活性剤が医薬的に許容される界面活性剤である、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の固体分散体。
- 前記化合物Iが、下記結晶に由来する、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の固体分散体;
フリー体I形結晶:粉末X線回折パターンにおいて、2θで表される回折角度が14.4°、15.3°、16.6°、18.7°(±0.2°)であるピークを含む、化合物Iの結晶;および/または
フリー体II形結晶:粉末X線回折パターンにおいて、2θで表される回折角度が7.9°、13.5°、15.9°、21.8°(±0.2°)であるピークを含む、化合物Iの結晶。 - 請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の固体分散体を含む、医薬組成物。
- 前記工程(ii)および(iii)が、それぞれ下記工程を含む、請求項13に記載の方法;
(ii-a)前記化合物I、前記医薬的に許容されるポリマー、および前記医薬的に許容されるカチオン種を与える塩基を溶媒に混合して混合溶液を調製する工程、ならびに
(iii-a)前記工程(ii-a)で得られた混合溶液から溶媒を除去する工程。 - 前記工程(iii-a)が、スプレー乾燥により溶媒を除去し、乾燥する工程を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(i)において、化合物Iが下記結晶に由来する、請求項13~15のいずれかに記載の方法;
フリー体I形結晶:粉末X線回折パターンにおいて、2θで表される回折角度が14.4°、15.3°、16.6°、18.7°(±0.2°)であるピークを含む、化合物Iの結晶;および/または
フリー体II形結晶:粉末X線回折パターンにおいて、2θで表される回折角度が7.9°、13.5°、15.9°、21.8°(±0.2°)であるピークを含む、化合物Iの結晶。
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WO2008047201A2 (en) | 2006-10-17 | 2008-04-24 | Pfizer Products Inc. | Solid dispersion comprising a poorly water soluble drug |
WO2010126030A1 (ja) | 2009-04-28 | 2010-11-04 | 中外製薬株式会社 | スピロイミダゾロン誘導体 |
WO2014092061A1 (ja) | 2012-12-10 | 2014-06-19 | 中外製薬株式会社 | ヒダントイン誘導体 |
JP2014527976A (ja) * | 2011-09-26 | 2014-10-23 | アッヴィ・ドイチュラント・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー・ウント・コー・カー・ゲー | 固体分散体に基づく製剤 |
WO2015189901A1 (ja) | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-17 | 中外製薬株式会社 | ヒダントイン誘導体含有医薬組成物 |
JP2016507574A (ja) * | 2013-02-12 | 2016-03-10 | ベンド・リサーチ・インコーポレーテッドBend Research,Incorporated | 低水溶性活性物質の固体分散体 |
KR20180096196A (ko) * | 2017-02-20 | 2018-08-29 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | 타다라필 함유 고체 분산체, 이를 포함하는 약제학적 조성물 및 이의 제조방법 |
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US8591944B2 (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2013-11-26 | Zalicus Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Solid dispersion formulations and methods of use thereof |
TWI784997B (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2022-12-01 | 日商中外製藥股份有限公司 | 包含ed-71的固體分散體與油分散體的醫藥組合物 |
-
2019
- 2019-07-29 CN CN201980062866.6A patent/CN112770750A/zh active Pending
- 2019-07-29 AU AU2019313853A patent/AU2019313853A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-07-29 BR BR112021001170-6A patent/BR112021001170A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-07-29 TW TW108126744A patent/TW202019416A/zh unknown
- 2019-07-29 EP EP19843904.4A patent/EP3831381A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-07-29 JP JP2020533512A patent/JPWO2020027011A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2019-07-29 MX MX2021001063A patent/MX2021001063A/es unknown
- 2019-07-29 CA CA3107665A patent/CA3107665A1/en active Pending
- 2019-07-29 WO PCT/JP2019/029564 patent/WO2020027011A1/ja unknown
- 2019-07-29 KR KR1020217005567A patent/KR20210038614A/ko unknown
- 2019-07-29 US US17/262,049 patent/US20210290541A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2021-01-26 IL IL280411A patent/IL280411A/en unknown
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US20030054038A1 (en) | 2001-06-22 | 2003-03-20 | Crew Marshall D. | Pharmaceutical compositions of drugs and neutralized acidic polymers |
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See also references of EP3831381A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112770750A (zh) | 2021-05-07 |
EP3831381A4 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
KR20210038614A (ko) | 2021-04-07 |
MX2021001063A (es) | 2021-04-12 |
BR112021001170A2 (pt) | 2021-04-27 |
AU2019313853A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
US20210290541A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
CA3107665A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
IL280411A (en) | 2021-03-25 |
JPWO2020027011A1 (ja) | 2021-08-02 |
EP3831381A1 (en) | 2021-06-09 |
TW202019416A (zh) | 2020-06-01 |
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