WO2020019689A1 - 铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020019689A1
WO2020019689A1 PCT/CN2019/071672 CN2019071672W WO2020019689A1 WO 2020019689 A1 WO2020019689 A1 WO 2020019689A1 CN 2019071672 W CN2019071672 W CN 2019071672W WO 2020019689 A1 WO2020019689 A1 WO 2020019689A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polyurethane
curing agent
axial
catalyst
polyurethane prepolymer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/071672
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁军
彭威
王功海
Original Assignee
广东元星工业新材料有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广东元星工业新材料有限公司 filed Critical 广东元星工业新材料有限公司
Publication of WO2020019689A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020019689A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6666Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/667Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/6674Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50Other details
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3203Polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G18/3206Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • C08G18/4854Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/13Phenols; Phenolates

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of polymers and railway truck accessories, and particularly relates to a polyurethane composition and an axial polyurethane pad for railway trucks prepared by the polyurethane composition.
  • the cross-supporting bogie is a bogie that elastically connects the two sides of the frame through cross rods and axial rubber pads. It has good resistance to diamond stiffness and straight lines. Operational stability.
  • the axial rubber pad is one of the important accessories of the cross supporting device bogie, mainly used for turning 8G , Zhuan 8AG and Zhuan K2 bogies. It is installed in pairs at the end of the crossbar, 8 per bogie, 16 per car Each.
  • the main function of the axial rubber pad is to buffer and reduce vibration when the bogie changes and the crossbar twists.
  • the axial rubber pad is made of vulcanized rubber and metal (iron parts), as shown in Figure 1, where the rubber layer 3 and the iron core 1, iron 2 and iron 4 are bonded by an adhesive.
  • Article 2.2.3.9 of the “Regulations for the Repair of Railway Freight Cars” stipulates that: during the period of repair, the axial rubber pads of the cross bar must be scrapped when they have been used for 6 years. However, due to the large load of the railway wagon itself, the vibration and shock caused by the speed increase will further increase; under long-term compressive force in the working state, the rubber ring portion of the axial rubber pad will be exposed and in the atmospheric environment. Vulnerable to ozone aging in the atmosphere to generate cracks and spread.
  • the axial rubber pad often has to be scrapped under 6 years.
  • the preparation process of the axial rubber pad is complicated , Need to go through a series of processes such as sand blasting, cleaning, brushing of adhesives, rubber coating, vulcanization, and flashing.
  • FIG. 2 A schematic structural diagram of the axial elastic pad is shown in FIG. 2, and includes a first iron member 10 and an elastic member 20.
  • the first iron member includes a first iron member columnar portion having a central through hole, and one end of the first iron member columnar portion. Extending outward in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the columnar portion of the first iron piece to form a first iron piece boss; the nest is outside the first iron piece, and the elastic piece includes an elastic piece having a central through hole A columnar portion, and the lower portion of the inner wall of the elastic member columnar portion is in an interference fit with the outer wall of the first iron member columnar portion; there is a gap between the upper portion of the inner wall of the elastic member columnar portion and the outer wall of the first iron member columnar portion; The elastic member bosses which the first iron member bosses are matched with each other, and the outer edge of the elastic member boss does not exceed the outer edge of the first iron member boss.
  • the present invention provides a polyurethane composition and its application in preparing an axial polyurethane pad for railway freight cars.
  • a polyurethane prepolymer The raw materials include an aromatic diisocyanate and an oligomeric polyol. Based on the total mass of the polyurethane composition, the mass percentage of the components is:
  • Aromatic diisocyanate is 15-45%, oligomeric polyol is 55-85%.
  • the raw material of the polyurethane composition is composed of an aromatic diisocyanate and an oligomeric polyol.
  • the aromatic diisocyanate is selected from at least one of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), terephthalic diisocyanate (PPDI), diphenylbiphenyl diisocyanate (TODI), and naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI). Species.
  • MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
  • PPDI terephthalic diisocyanate
  • TODI diphenylbiphenyl diisocyanate
  • NDI naphthalene diisocyanate
  • the diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) is MDI-100.
  • the functionality of the oligomeric polyol is greater than or equal to 2, and the number average molecular weight is 800-2000.
  • the oligomeric polyol is selected from the group consisting of polytetrahydrofuran diol, polyoxypropylene polyol, hydroxyl-modified polyorganosiloxane, adipic acid-based polyester polyol, aromatic polyester polyol, and polyhexanoate. At least one of a lactone polyol and a polycarbonate diol.
  • the oligomeric polyol is selected from at least one of a polytetrahydrofuran diol, a polycaprolactone diol, and a polycarbonate diol.
  • the oligomeric polyol is selected from the group consisting of polytetrahydrofuran diol 1000 (PTMG1000), polytetrahydrofuran diol 2000 (PTMG2000), polycaprolactone diol CAPA7201A, polycarbonate diol N980, and polycarbonate At least one of ester diols N981.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned polyurethane prepolymer, including the following steps:
  • the aromatic diisocyanate is added to the reaction container, and the reaction is performed at 70-90 ° C for 0.5-3 hours under the protection of nitrogen, and the residual -NCO content is tested to reach a theoretical value, and the temperature is obtained.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a polyurethane composition including the above-mentioned polyurethane prepolymer and a curing agent. Based on the mass of the polyurethane prepolymer, the mass percentage of the curing agent is 5-20%.
  • the raw materials of the curing agent include a small molecule chain extension crosslinking agent and an antioxidant; preferably, a catalyst may also be included.
  • the raw material of the curing agent according to the present invention is composed of a small molecule chain extension crosslinking agent and an antioxidant, or a small molecule chain extension crosslinking agent, an antioxidant, and a catalyst.
  • the mass percentages of the small molecule chain extension crosslinking agent, antioxidant, and catalyst are:
  • Small molecule chain extension cross-linking agent 75-95%, antioxidant 5-20%, catalyst 0-5%.
  • the small molecule chain extender is selected from ethylene glycol (EG), 1,3-butanediol (BG), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,2-propanediol (PG), Neopentyl glycol (NPG), 1,6-hexanediol (HDO), diethylene glycol (DEG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), ethylbutylpropylene glycol (BEPD), 1,4- Dimethylolcyclohexane (CHDM), hydroquinone dihydroxyethyl ether (HQEE), resorcinol dihydroxyethyl ether (HER), trimethylolpropane (TMP), glycerol, diethanolamine (DEOA), triethanolamine (TEOA), triisopropanolamine (TIPA), 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diphenylmethanediamine (MOCA), 3,5-dimethylthio Toluenediamine (DMT), 1,3
  • the small molecule chain extension crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-butanediol (BDO), diethylene glycol (DEG), and hydroquinone dihydroxyethyl ether (HQEE). At least one.
  • the antioxidant is selected from 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (antioxidant 264) and tetramethylene (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzene). At least one of methyl propionate (antioxidant 1010).
  • the catalyst is selected from at least one of a tertiary amine catalyst and an organometallic catalyst.
  • the catalyst is selected from at least one of triethylenediamine, dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, phenylmercuric acetate, organic bismuth, and organic zinc.
  • the catalyst is selected from at least one of dibutyltin dilaurate and organic bismuth.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing the curing agent, which includes the following steps:
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned polyurethane composition, including the following steps:
  • the polyurethane prepolymer and the curing agent are prepared according to the mass ratio; the polyurethane prepolymer and the curing agent are mixed uniformly at 60-100 ° C to obtain.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned polyurethane composition in the preparation of an axial polyurethane pad for a railway wagon.
  • the present invention also provides an axial polyurethane pad for a railway wagon including the above polyurethane composition.
  • the structure of the axial polyurethane pad of the railway wagon is basically as shown in FIG. 2 and includes a first iron member and a polyurethane elastic member;
  • the first iron member includes a first iron member having a central through hole.
  • a columnar portion, and one end of the columnar portion of the first iron piece extends outward in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the columnar portion of the first iron piece to form a first iron piece boss;
  • Sleeved on the outside of the first iron member, and the polyurethane elastic member includes a polyurethane elastic member columnar portion having a central through hole, and an inner wall lower portion of the polyurethane elastic member columnar portion and an outer wall of the first iron member columnar portion With an interference fit, there is a gap between the upper portion of the inner wall of the columnar portion of the elastic member and the outer wall of the columnar portion of the first iron member, and the polyurethane elastic member has elasticity that fits the boss of the first iron member.
  • Piece boss wherein the
  • the method for preparing an axial polyurethane pad of a railway wagon includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Install the molded polyurethane elastomer obtained in step (2) in cooperation with the iron part, and obtain.
  • the polyurethane elastomer prepared by the polyurethane composition provided by the present invention has more excellent mechanical properties, dynamic properties, high and low temperature adaptability, fatigue resistance, medium resistance and weather resistance, and its use temperature can reach -50 °C -110 °C, has very good temperature adaptability and stability.
  • Railway trucks using the axial polyurethane pad of the present invention can improve the running safety of the trucks.
  • the axial polyurethane pad provided by the present invention has a longer service life, thereby reducing maintenance and use costs.
  • the photograph in Figure 1 shows a conventional axial rubber pad, where: 1 is an iron core, 2 is an iron piece (1), 3 is a rubber layer, and 4 is an iron piece (2).
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the axial polyurethane pad, wherein: 10 is a first iron member, and 20 is a polyurethane elastic member.
  • MDI-100 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Yantai Wanhua Polyurethane Co., Ltd.);
  • PPDI terephthalic acid diisocyanate (Zhejiang Lishui Youbang Chemical Co., Ltd.);
  • TODI diphenyl biphenyl diisocyanate (Haining Chongshun Chemical Co., Ltd.);
  • NDI naphthalene diisocyanate (Haining Chongshun Chemical Co., Ltd.);
  • HQEE hydroquinone dihydroxyethyl ether; (Suzhou Xiangyuan Special Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.)
  • Bi1610 organic bismuth catalyst (American leading chemistry).
  • first iron member 10 includes a first iron member columnar portion having a central through hole, and one end of the first iron member columnar portion extends along the first iron member The axial direction of the columnar part of the iron piece extends outward in a perpendicular direction to form a first iron piece boss;
  • the polyurethane elastic piece 20 is nested outside the first iron piece 10, and the polyurethane elastic piece includes A cylindrical part of the polyurethane elastic member of the central through hole, and the lower part of the inner wall of the polyurethane elastic member columnar part is in interference fit with the outer wall of the first iron member columnar part, and the upper part of the inner wall of the elastic member columnar part is in contact with the first iron There is a gap between the outer walls of the columnar portions of the pieces, and the polyurethane elastic piece has an elastic piece protrusion that fits the first iron piece protrusion, wherein the outer edge of the elastic piece protrusion does not exceed the The outer
  • axial polyurethane pad of the present invention can also adopt other structures of the axial elastic pad, such as shown in Figure 2-4 of the utility model patent specification, or other equivalent forms, All are within the scope of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 Axial polyurethane pad of railway freight car and preparation thereof
  • the axial polyurethane pad of the railway wagon includes a polyurethane elastomer and a first iron piece.
  • Embodiment 2 Axial polyurethane pad of railway freight car and preparation thereof
  • the axial polyurethane pad of the railway wagon includes a polyurethane elastomer and a first iron piece.
  • Preparation of polyurethane prepolymer Add fully melted MDI-100 in a dry reaction container, protect it with dry nitrogen, add dry PTMG2000, control the temperature not to exceed 70 ° C, and react at 70 ° C for 2.0h. Test the residual NCO content to reach 7.5 wt% can stop the reaction and reduce the temperature and discharge.
  • Embodiment 3 Axial polyurethane pad of railway freight car and preparation thereof
  • the axial polyurethane pad in this embodiment includes a polyurethane elastomer and a first iron piece.
  • Embodiment 4 Axial polyurethane pad of railway freight car and preparation thereof
  • the axial polyurethane pad of the railway wagon includes a polyurethane elastomer and a first iron piece.
  • Embodiment 5 Axial polyurethane pad of railway freight car and preparation thereof
  • the axial polyurethane pad of the railway wagon includes a polyurethane elastomer and a first iron piece.
  • Embodiment 6 Axial polyurethane pad of railway freight car and preparation thereof
  • the axial polyurethane pad of the railway wagon includes a polyurethane elastomer and a first iron piece.
  • Preparation of curing agent Add BDO and anti-oxidant 264 to the reaction vessel, and heat to -110 ° C at -0.1 Vacuum dehydration at MPa for 2 h. When the water content is less than 0.05 wt%, the temperature is lowered to 80 ° C. The catalyst Bi1610 is added, and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes to cool down and discharge.
  • Embodiment 7 Axial polyurethane pad of railway freight car and preparation thereof
  • the axial polyurethane pad of the railway wagon includes a polyurethane elastomer and a first iron piece.
  • Polyurethane elastomer Preparation The polyurethane prepolymer and curing agent prepared above are mixed uniformly at 100 ° C according to the mass ratio, vacuum defoamed and poured into a mold at 120 ° C, and then cured after being cured for 24 hours to obtain a polyurethane elastomer;
  • Test Example 1 Performance test of the polyurethane elastomer of Examples 1-7
  • Hardness test is performed according to GB / T531-2008;
  • Tensile stress and strain The tensile stress and strain test is performed in accordance with GB / T 528-2009;
  • Tear strength test The tear strength test is performed in accordance with GB / T 529-2008;
  • Resilience testing is performed in accordance with GB / T 1681-2009.
  • Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Hardness (Shore A) 95 95 96 94 96 96 Tensile strength (MPa) 42 35 38 35 50 54 48 Tear strength (KN / m) 100 105 125 130 115 120 120 Rebound rate (%) 45 48 55 60 55 20 43
  • This comparative example is a commercially available traditional axial rubber pad.
  • the structure is shown in Figure 1.
  • the rubber is wrapped on iron parts and then heat vulcanized and molded.
  • the axial polyurethane pad described in this comparative example includes a polyurethane elastomer and a first iron piece.
  • the pair of axial polyurethane pads is prepared by the following method:
  • Polyurethane elastomer Preparation The above-prepared polyurethane prepolymer and curing agent are mixed uniformly at 80 ° C. according to the mass ratio, vacuum defoamed and poured into a mold at 110 ° C., and cured after being cured for 24 hours to obtain polyurethane elastomer.
  • Test Example 2 Comparative performance test of the polyurethane pad of the present invention and a conventional rubber pad
  • the railway axial polyurethane pad prepared in Example 3, the axial rubber pad of Comparative Example 1 and the axial polyurethane pad of Comparative Example 2 were subjected to various aging performance and fatigue performance tests. The tests were performed according to the following methods:
  • Hot air aging according to GB / T 3512-2014;
  • UV aging according to GB / T 16585-1996;
  • the present invention provides a railway axial polyurethane pad.
  • the railway axial polyurethane pad not only has excellent mechanical and elastic properties, but also has excellent anti-aging performance. It is superior to traditional axial rubber pads in various indicators, which can well solve the existing life of axial rubber pads Short, frequent replacement issues. Replacing the axial rubber pad with the axial polyurethane pad according to the present invention can not only reduce maintenance costs, but also be beneficial to railway traffic safety.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

聚氨酯预聚体、以其为原料制备的聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法。所述聚氨酯预聚体的原料包括芳香族二异氰酸酯和低聚多元醇,以所述聚氨酯组合物的总质量为基准,所述组分的质量百分比为:芳香族二异氰酸酯15-45%,低聚多元醇55-85%。在此基础上还提供一种含有所述聚氨酯弹性体的铁路轴向聚氨酯垫。该铁路轴向聚氨酯垫具有优良的弹性和力学性能,而且各项抗老化性能突出,从而延长了轴向聚氨酯垫的使用寿命,降低养护成本,保证行车安全。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称] 铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备方法和应用 Technical Field
本发明属于高分子技术领域和铁路货车配件技术领域,具体涉及一种聚氨酯组合物及其制备的铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫。
Background Art
采用交叉支撑装置的转向架是我国铁路货车装用的主流转向架。与传统铸钢三大件式转向架所不同的是,采用交叉支撑装置转向架是通过交叉杆和轴向橡胶垫将两侧架弹性连接的一种转向架,具有良好的抗菱刚度和直线运行的稳定性。其中轴向橡胶垫是交叉支撑装置转向架的重要配件之一,主要用于转8G 、转8AG 和转K2 型转向架。它成对安装在交叉杆端部, 每个转向架安装8 个, 每辆车安装16 个。轴向橡胶垫的主要功能是在转向架发生菱变、交叉杆扭动时起缓冲、减振作用。轴向橡胶垫由硫化橡胶和金属(铁件)复合而成,见图1所示,其中橡胶层3和铁芯1、铁件2及铁件4之间通过胶黏剂粘合。《铁路货车段修规程》第2.2.3.9条规定:段修时,交叉杆轴向橡胶垫使用满6年时须报废。但是由于铁路货车本身载量大,提速之后带来的振动冲击进一步加大;在工作状态下长期受到压缩力会使轴向橡胶垫的橡胶环状部分外露而处于大气环境中,外露的橡胶极易受到大气中臭氧老化而产生裂纹并扩展。因此轴向橡胶垫往往不满6年就不得不报废。另外,轴向橡胶垫的制备工艺复杂 , 需经过铁件喷砂、清洗、涂刷胶黏剂、包胶、硫化、去飞边等一系列工序。
Technical Problem
针对轴向橡胶垫的上述缺陷,现有技术中已经出现了以聚氨酯弹性体或聚酯弹性体材料的弹性件替代橡胶的轴向聚氨酯垫,其中所述弹性体与铁件过盈配合而非粘合。具体参见中国实用新型专利'轴向弹性垫'(专利号ZL201721089712 .0,授权公号日2018年5月8日),在此以全文引用形式并入本发明的说明书。该轴向弹性垫的结构示意图见图2,包括第一铁件10和弹性件20,所述第一铁件包括具有中央通孔的第一铁件柱状部,并且第一铁件柱状部的一端沿着与第一铁件柱状部的轴向方向垂直的方向向外延伸以形成第一铁件凸台;所述嵌套在第一铁件的外侧,并且弹性件包括具有中央通孔的弹性件柱状部,并且弹性件柱状部的内壁下部与第一铁件柱状部的外壁过盈配合、弹性件柱状部的内壁上部与第一铁件柱状部的外壁之间具有缝隙,并且弹性件具有与第一铁件凸台相贴合的弹性件凸台,且弹性件凸台的外边缘不超出第一铁件凸台的外边缘。因为弹性体20与第一铁件10之间仅需要简单的装配,不再需要借助胶黏剂粘合,简化了加工过程。但是,显而易见的,聚氨酯弹性体或聚氨酯弹性材料的性能,尤其是抗老化性能对轴向聚氨 酯垫决定了轴向聚氨酯垫的使用寿命。对于这方面,现有技术的研究报道较少。
Technical Solution
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种聚氨酯组合物及其在制备铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫中的应用。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:
一种聚氨酯预聚体,原料包括芳香族二异氰酸酯和低聚多元醇,以所述聚氨酯组合物的总质量为基准,所述组分的质量百分比为:
芳香族二异氰酸酯15-45%,低聚多元醇55-85%。
优选的,所述聚氨酯组合物,原料由芳香族二异氰酸酯和低聚多元醇组成。
优选的,所述芳香族二异氰酸酯选自二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、二苯基联苯二异氰酸酯(TODI)和萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)中的至少一种。
优选的,所述二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为MDI-100。
优选的,所述低聚多元醇的官能度大于等于2,数均分子量800-2000。
进一步优选的,上述低聚多元醇选自聚四氢呋喃二元醇、聚氧化丙烯多元醇、羟基改性聚有机硅氧烷、己二酸系聚酯多元醇、芳香族聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯二元醇中的至少一种。
更优选的,上述低聚多元醇选自聚四氢呋喃二元醇、聚己内酯二元醇和聚碳酸酯二元醇中的至少一种。
最优选的,上述低聚多元醇选自聚四氢呋喃二元醇1000(PTMG1000)、聚四氢呋喃二元醇2000(PTMG2000)、聚己内酯二元醇CAPA7201A、聚碳酸酯二元醇N980和聚碳酸酯二元醇N981中的至少一种。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述聚氨酯预聚体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
i. 按照质量百分比准备所述芳香族二异氰酸酯和低聚多元醇;
ii. 在反应容器中,氮气保护下, 加入所述的干燥低聚多元醇,控制温度50-90℃;
iii. 向反应容器中加入所述芳香族二异氰酸酯,氮气保护下,70-90℃反应0.5-3h,测试残留-NCO含量达到理论值,降温,即得。
本发明还有一个目的在于提供一种聚氨酯组合物,包括上述聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂,以所述聚氨酯预聚体的质量为基准,所述固化剂的质量百分比为5-20%。
优选的,所述固化剂的原料包括小分子扩链交联剂和抗氧剂;优选的,还可以包括催化剂。
作为一种优选的实施方案,本发明所述的固化剂的原料由小分子扩链交联剂和抗氧剂组成,或者由小分子扩链交联剂、抗氧剂和催化剂组成。
优选的,以所述固化剂的总质量为基准,所述小分子扩链交联剂、抗氧剂、催化剂的质量百分比为:
小分子扩链交联剂75-95%, 抗氧剂5-20%,催化剂0-5%。
优选的,所述小分子扩链剂选自乙二醇(EG)、1,3-丁二醇(BG)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、1,2-丙二醇(PG)、新戊二醇(NPG)、1,6-己二醇(HDO)、一缩二乙二醇(DEG)、一缩二丙二醇(DPG)、乙基丁基丙二醇(BEPD)、1,4-二羟甲基环己烷(CHDM)、对苯二酚二羟乙基醚(HQEE)、间苯二酚二羟乙基醚(HER)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)、甘油、二乙醇胺(DEOA)、三乙醇胺(TEOA)、三异丙醇胺(TIPA)、3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二苯基甲烷二胺(MOCA)、3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DMTDA)、3,5-二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA)、4,4'-亚甲基双(3-氯-2,6-二乙基苯胺)(M-CDEA)和2,4-二氨基-3,5-二甲硫基氯苯(TX-2)中的至少一种。
更优选的,所述的小分子扩链交联剂选自1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、一缩二乙二醇(DEG)、对苯二酚二羟乙基醚(HQEE)中的至少一种。
优选的,所述抗氧剂选自2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(抗氧剂264)和四亚甲基(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酸)甲酯(抗氧剂1010)中的至少一种。
优选的,所述催化剂选自叔胺类催化剂和有机金属类催化剂中的至少一种。
更优选的,所述催化剂选自三亚乙基二胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、醋酸苯汞、有机铋和有机锌中的至少一种。
进一步优选的,所述催化剂选自二月桂酸二丁基锡和有机铋中的至少一种。
本发明还提供上述固化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
A. 按照所述质量配比准备所述小分子扩链交联剂、抗氧剂和催化剂;
B. 在反应容器中加入所述小分子扩链交联剂和抗氧剂,在105-120℃下脱水2-3h,降温至70℃加入催化剂搅拌30min,即得。
本发明还有一个目的在于提供上述聚氨酯组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
按照所述质量配比准备所述聚氨酯预聚体和所述固化剂;将所述聚氨酯预聚体和所述固化剂在60-100℃混合均匀,即得。
另外,本发明还提供上述聚氨酯组合物在制备铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫中的应用。
本发明还提供一种包括上述聚氨酯组合物的铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫的结构基本如图2所示,包括第一铁件和聚氨酯弹性件;所述第一铁件包括具有中央通孔的第一铁件柱状部,并且所述第一铁件柱状部的一端沿着与所述第一铁件柱状部的轴向方向垂直的方向向外延伸以形成第一铁件凸台;所述聚氨酯弹性件嵌套在所述第一铁件的外侧,并且所述聚氨酯弹性件包括具有中央通孔的聚氨酯弹性件柱状部,并且所述聚氨酯弹性件柱状部的内壁下部与所述第一铁件柱状部的外壁过盈配合,所述弹性件柱状部的内壁上部与所述第一铁件柱状部的外壁之间具有缝隙,并且所述聚氨酯弹性件具有与所述第一铁件凸台相贴合的弹性件凸台,其中,所述弹性件凸台的外边缘不超出所述第一铁件凸台的外边缘。
所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按照所述质量配比准备所述聚氨酯预聚体和所述固化剂;
(2)将所述聚氨酯预聚体和所述固化剂在60-100℃混合均匀,浇注到100-130℃的模具中硫化24小时, 冷却至80℃脱模,得到聚氨酯弹性件 ;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的成型的聚氨酯弹性体与铁件配合安装,即得。
Advantageous Effects
本发明提供的聚氨酯组合物制备的聚氨酯弹性体,与传统橡胶相比,具有更加优异的力学性能、动态性能、高低温度适应性能、抗疲劳性能、耐介质性能和耐候性,其使用温度可以达到-50℃-110℃,具有非常好的温度适应性和稳定性。铁路货车采用本发明的轴向聚氨酯垫可以提高货车行驶的安全性。另外,本发明提供的铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫使用寿命更长,从而降低维修和使用成本。
Description of Drawings
下面结合附图,对本发明作进一步说明。
图1的照片示出了传统轴向橡胶垫,其中:1为铁芯,2为铁件(1),3为橡胶层,4为铁件(2)。
图2示出了所述轴向聚氨酯垫的结构示意图,其中:10为第一铁件,20为聚氨酯弹性件。
Mode for Invention
以下参照具体的实施例来说明本发明。本领域技术人员能够理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,其不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的原料、试剂材料等,如无特殊说明, 均为市售购买产品。其中,部分试剂和原料的英文缩写和购买情况如下:
PTMG1000 :聚四氢呋喃二醇,数均分子量Mn=1000(BASF公司);
PTMG2000 :聚四氢呋喃二醇,数均分子量Mn=2000(BASF公司);
CAPA7201A :聚己内酯二醇,数均分子量Mn=2000(瑞典Perstorp集团);
N981 :聚碳酸酯二醇,数均分子量Mn=1000(日本聚氨酯工业株式会社);
N980 :聚碳酸酯二醇,数均分子量Mn=2000(日本聚氨酯工业株式会社);
MDI-100 :4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(烟台万华聚氨酯有限公司);
PPDI :对苯二异氰酸酯(浙江丽水有邦化工有限公司);
TODI :二苯基联苯二异氰酸酯(海宁崇舜化工有限公司);
NDI :萘二异氰酸酯(海宁崇舜化工有限公司);
BDO :1,4-丁二醇(BASF公司);
HQEE :对苯二酚二羟乙基醚;(苏州市湘园特种精细化工有限公司)
DEG :一缩二乙二醇(美国Huntsman公司);
1010 :四亚甲基(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酸)甲酯(台湾双键化工有限公司);
264 :2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(南京宁康化工有限公司);
Bi1610 :有机铋催化剂(美国领先化学)。
下述实施例1-7和对比例2的铁路轴向聚氨酯垫的结构示意图如图2所示,该结构在中国实用新型专利'轴向弹性垫'(专利号ZL201721089712 .0,授权公号日2018年5月8日)说明书附图1中示出。其包括第一铁件10和聚氨酯弹性件20;所述第一铁件10包括具有中央通孔的第一铁件柱状部,并且所述第一铁件柱状部的一端沿着与所述第一铁件柱状部的轴向方向垂直的方向向外延伸以形成第一铁件凸台;所述聚氨酯弹性件20嵌套在所述第一铁件10的外侧,并且所述聚氨酯弹性件包括具有中央通孔的聚氨酯弹性件柱状部,并且所述聚氨酯弹性件柱状部的内壁下部与所述第一铁件柱状部的外壁过盈配合,所述弹性件柱状部的内壁上部与所述第一铁件柱状部的外壁之间具有缝隙,并且所述聚氨酯弹性件具有与所述第一铁件凸台相贴合的弹性件凸台,其中,所述弹性件凸台的外边缘不超出所述第一铁件凸台的外边缘。
本领域技术人员应该理解,本发明的轴向聚氨酯垫也可以采用其它轴向弹性垫的结构,例如所述实用新型专利说明书中图2-4中所示出的,或者其它的等同形式,其都在本发明的范围内。
实施例1: 一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫,包括聚氨酯弹性体和第一铁件。所述聚氨酯弹性体的原料由聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂组成,其中聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂的质量比为:聚氨酯预聚体:固化剂=100:11;所述聚氨酯预聚体的原料由41.5wt%的MDI-100和余量的PTMG1000组成;所述固化剂的原料由86.8wt%的BDO、10.2wt%的抗氧剂264和余量的催化剂Bi1610组成。
本实施例所述轴向聚氨酯垫通过如下方法制备:
1 、按照质量配比准备各原料;
2 、聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在干燥反应容器中加入熔化完全的MDI-100,通干燥氮气保护,加入干燥PTMG1000,控制温度不超过70℃,于70℃下反应2.0h,测试残留NCO含量达到9.0 wt%即可停止反应,降温出料。
3 、固化剂的制备:反应容器中加入BDO、抗氧剂264,加热至110℃于-0.1 MPa下真空脱水2 h,水含量低于0.05 wt%时降温至70℃,加入催化剂Bi1610,搅拌30min出料。
4 、聚氨酯弹性体的制备:把上述制备得到的聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂按照质量配比于70℃下混合均匀,真空脱泡后浇注到110℃的模具中,硫化24h后脱模,得到聚氨酯弹性体;
5 、将上一步得到的成型的聚氨酯弹性体与铁件配合安装,即得铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫。
实施例2:一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫,包括聚氨酯弹性体和第一铁件。所述聚氨酯弹性体的原料由聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂组成,其中聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂的质量比为:聚氨酯预聚体:固化剂=100:18;所述聚氨酯预聚体的原料由33.8wt%的MDI-100和余量的PTMG2000组成;所述固化剂的原料由78.3wt%的HQEE、13.2wt%的DEG、6.5wt%的抗氧剂264和余量的催化剂Bi1610组成。
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫通过如下方法制备:
1 、按照质量配比准备各原料;
2 、聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在干燥反应容器中加入熔化完全的MDI-100,通干燥氮气保护,加入干燥PTMG2000,控制温度不超过70℃,于70℃下反应2.0h,测试残留NCO含量达到7.5 wt%即可停止反应,降温出料。
3 、固化剂的制备:反应容器中加入HQEE、DEG、抗氧剂264,加热至110℃于-0.1 MPa下真空脱水2 h,水含量低于0.05 wt%时降温至90℃,加入催化剂Bi1610,搅拌30min保温待用。
4 、聚氨酯弹性体的制备:把上述制备得到的聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂按照质量配比于90℃下混合均匀,真空脱泡后浇注到110℃的模具中,硫化24h后脱模,得到聚氨酯弹性体;
5 、将上一步得到的成型的聚氨酯弹性体与铁件配合安装,即得铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫。
实施例3:一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备
本实施例所述轴向聚氨酯垫,包括聚氨酯弹性体和第一铁件。所述聚氨酯弹性体的原料由聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂组成,其中聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂的质量比为:聚氨酯预聚体:固化剂=100:7;所述聚氨酯预聚体的原料由28.6wt%的NDI和余量的PTMG1000组成;所述固化剂的原料由58.3%wt%的BDO、21.9%wt%的DEG、15.2wt%的抗氧剂264和余量的催化剂Bi1610组成。
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫通过如下方法制备:
1 、按照质量配比准备各原料;
2 、聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在干燥反应容器中加入干燥的PTMG1000,加热至90℃,通干燥氮气保护,快速加入NDI粉末,剧烈搅拌使NDI快速溶解,控制温度不超过90℃,于90℃下反应0.5h,测试残留NCO含量达到5.0 wt%即可停止反应,直接出料。
3 、固化剂的制备:反应容器中加入BDO、DEG、抗氧剂264,加热至110℃于-0.1 MPa下真空脱水2 h,水含量低于0.05 wt%时降温至70℃,加入催化剂Bi1610,搅拌30min出料。
4 、聚氨酯弹性体的制备:把上述制备得到的聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂按照质量配比于80℃下混合均匀,真空脱泡后浇注到110℃的模具中,硫化24h后脱模,得到聚氨酯弹性件;
5 、将上一步得到的成型的聚氨酯弹性体与铁件配合安装,即得铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫。
实施例4:一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫,包括聚氨酯弹性体和第一铁件。所述聚氨酯弹性体的原料由聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂组成,其中聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂的质量比为:聚氨酯预聚体:固化剂=100:9.5;所述聚氨酯预聚体的原料由19.4wt%的NDI和余量的PTMG2000组成;所述固化剂的原料由77.5wt%的HQEE、8.8wt%的BDO、11.4wt%的抗氧剂264和余量的催化剂Bi1610组成。
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫通过如下方法制备:
1 、按照质量配比准备各原料;
2 、聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在干燥反应容器中加入干燥的PTM2000,加热至90℃,通干燥氮气保护,快速加入NDI粉末,剧烈搅拌使NDI快速溶解,控制温度不超过90℃,于90℃下反应0.5h,测试残留NCO含量达到4.0 wt%即可停止反应,直接出料。
3 、固化剂的制备:反应容器中加入HQEE、BDO、抗氧剂264,加热至110℃于-0.1 MPa下真空脱水2 h,水含量低于0.05 wt%时降温至90℃,加入催化剂Bi1610,搅拌30min保温待用。
4 、聚氨酯弹性体的制备:把上述制备得到的聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂按照质量配比于90℃下混合均匀,真空脱泡后浇注到110℃的模具中,硫化24h后脱模,得到聚氨酯弹性体;
5 、将上一步得到的成型的聚氨酯弹性体与铁件配合安装,即得铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫。
实施例5:一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫,包括聚氨酯弹性体和第一铁件。所述聚氨酯弹性体的原料由聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂组成,其中聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂的质量比为:聚氨酯预聚体:固化剂=100:12;所述聚氨酯预聚体的原料由16wt%的PPDI和余量的CAPA7201A组成;所述固化剂的原料由75.9wt%的HQEE、12.4wt%的DEG、9.7wt%的抗氧剂264和余量的催化剂Bi1610组成。
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫通过如下方法制备:
1 、按照质量配比准备各原料;
2 、聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在干燥反应容器中加入熔化好的CAPA7201A,加热至80℃,通干燥氮气保护,快速加入PPDI粉末,剧烈搅拌使PPDI快速溶解,控制温度不超过90℃,于90℃下反应2.0h,测试残留NCO含量达到4.5 wt%即可停止反应,降温出料。
3 、固化剂的制备:反应容器中加入HQEE、DEG、抗氧剂264,加热至110℃于-0.1 MPa下真空脱水2 h,水含量低于0.05 wt%时降温至80℃,加入催化剂Bi1610,搅拌30min保温待用。
4 、聚氨酯弹性体的制备:把上述制备得到的聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂按照质量配比于80℃下混合均匀,真空脱泡后浇注到120℃的模具中,硫化24h后脱模,得到聚氨酯弹性体;
5 、将上一步得到的成型的聚氨酯弹性体与铁件配合安装,即得铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫。
实施例6:一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫,包括聚氨酯弹性体和第一铁件。所述聚氨酯弹性体的原料由聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂组成,其中聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂的质量比为:聚氨酯预聚体:固化剂=100:6.5;所述聚氨酯预聚体的原料由33.3wt%的TODI和余量的N981组成;所述固化剂的原料由80.6wt%的BDO、16.1wt%的抗氧剂264和余量的催化剂Bi1610组成。
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫通过如下方法制备:
1 、按照质量配比准备各原料;
2 、聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在干燥反应容器中加入熔化好的N981,加热至90℃,通干燥氮气保护,快速加入TODI粉末,剧烈搅拌使TODI快速溶解,控制温度不超过90℃,于90℃下反应2.0h,测试残留NCO含量达到5.0 wt%即可停止反应,降温出料。
3 、固化剂的制备:反应容器中加入BDO、抗氧剂264,加热至110℃于-0.1 MPa下真空脱水2 h,水含量低于0.05 wt%时降温至80℃,加入催化剂Bi1610,搅拌30min降温出料。
4 、聚氨酯弹性体的制备:把上述制备得到的聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂按照质量配比于90℃下混合均匀,真空脱泡后浇注到120℃的模具中,硫化24h后脱模,得到聚氨酯弹性体;
5 、将上一步得到的成型的聚氨酯弹性体与铁件配合安装,即得铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫。
实施例7:一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫,包括聚氨酯弹性体和第一铁件。所述聚氨酯弹性体的原料由聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂组成,其中聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂的质量比为:聚氨酯预聚体:固化剂=100:8.7;所述聚氨酯预聚体的原料由17.6wt%的NDI和余量的N980组成;所述固化剂的原料由74.6wt%的HQEE、12.1wt%的DEG、12.1wt%的抗氧剂264和余量的催化剂Bi1610组成。
本实施例所述铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫通过如下方法制备:
1 、按照质量配比准备各原料;
2 、聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在干燥反应容器中加入熔化好的N980,加热至90℃,通干燥氮气保护,快速加入NDI粉末,剧烈搅拌使NDI快速溶解,控制温度不超过90℃,于90℃下反应0.5h,测试残留NCO含量达到3.6 wt%即可停止反应,直接出料。
3 、固化剂的制备:反应容器中加入HQEE、DEG、抗氧剂264,加热至110℃于-0.1 MPa下真空脱水2 h,水含量低于0.05 wt%时降温至80℃,加入催化剂Bi1610,搅拌30min保温待用。
4 、 聚氨酯弹性体 的制备:把上述制备得到的聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂按照质量配比于100℃下混合均匀,真空脱泡后浇注到120℃的模具中,硫化24h后脱模,得到聚氨酯弹性体;
5 、将上一步得到的成型的聚氨酯弹性体与铁件配合安装,即得铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫。
测试例1:实施例1-7的聚氨酯弹性体的性能测试
对实施例1-7制备得到的聚氨酯弹性体进行性能测试按照以下方法进行,结果见表1。
硬度:硬度测试按照GB/T531-2008进行;
拉伸应力应变:拉伸应力应变测试按照GB/T 528-2009进行;
撕裂强度:撕裂强度测试按照GB/T 529-2008进行;
回弹性:回弹性测试按照GB/T 1681-2009进行。
表1 聚氨酯弹性体的性能测试
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6 实施例7
硬度(邵氏A) 95 95 96 96 94 96 96
拉伸强度(MPa) 42 35 38 35 50 54 48
撕裂强度(KN/m) 100 105 125 130 115 120 120
回弹率(%) 45 48 55 60 55 20 43
表1的结果示出:实施例1-7 制备得到的聚氨酯弹性体具有良好的力学和弹性性能,完全满足现行行业标准对铁路轴向聚氨酯垫弹性件的性能要求。
对比例1:轴向橡胶垫
本对比例为商购的传统轴向橡胶垫,结构如图1所示,由橡胶包裹到铁件上后热硫化模压成型。
对比例2:一种轴向聚氨酯垫
本对比例所述轴向聚氨酯垫,包括聚氨酯弹性体和第一铁件。所述聚氨酯弹性体的原料由聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂组成,其中聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂的质量比为:聚氨酯预聚体:固化剂=100:16.4;所述聚氨酯预聚体的原料由26.0wt%的TDI-100和余量的PTMG1000组成;所述固化剂的原料由93.0wt%的E300和余量的抗氧剂264组成。
本对所述轴向聚氨酯垫通过如下方法制备:
1 、按照质量配比准备各原料;
2 、聚氨酯预聚体的制备:在干燥反应容器中加入TDI-100,,通干燥氮气保护,快速加入干燥PTMG1000,控制温度不超过80℃,于80℃下反应3.0h,测试残留NCO含量达到6.3 wt%即可停止反应,直接出料。
3 、固化剂的制备:反应容器中加入E300、抗氧剂264,加热至110℃于-0.1 MPa下真空脱水2 h,水含量低于0.05 wt%时降温待用。
4 、 聚氨酯弹性体 的制备:把上述制备得到的聚氨酯预聚体和固化剂按照质量配比于80℃下混合均匀,真空脱泡后浇注到110℃的模具中,硫化24h后脱模,得到聚氨酯弹性体。
5 、将上一步得到的成型的聚氨酯弹性体与铁件配合安装,即得轴向聚氨酯垫。
测试例2:本发明的聚氨酯垫与传统橡胶垫的性能对比测试
将实施例3制备得到的铁路轴向聚氨酯垫、对比例1的轴向橡胶垫和对比例2的轴向聚氨酯垫进行了各种老化性能和疲劳性能测试,测试按照以下方法进行:
热空气老化:按照GB/T 3512-2014进行;
紫外线老化:按照GB/T 16585-1996进行;
臭氧老化:按照GB/T 7762-2014进行;
疲劳性能:按照TJ/CL 155-2006进行;
结果见表2。
表2 聚氨酯垫和传统橡胶垫的性能测试
性能 实施例3 对比例1 对比例2
热空气老化拉伸强度变化率 (110 ℃*72h) 49.7% -45.5% 18.0%
热空气老化拉伸强度变化率 (110 ℃*168h) 21.0% -57.9% -8.0%
紫外老化拉伸强度变化率 (50 ℃*72h) 9.6% 5.4% 1.0%
紫外老化拉伸强度变化率 (50 ℃*168h) -2.9% -5.5% -3.0%
臭氧老化性能 120H 后未发生龟裂 24H 后发生龟裂 120H 后未发生龟裂
疲劳性能 刚度变化率 -6.1% -29.6% -15.0%
永久形变 0.36mm 1.30mm 1.50mm
破坏情况 只有一个出现一条裂纹,其余未发现明显损伤。 均出现开胶,裂纹,铁件开裂现象。 均出现裂纹
表2的结果示出:本发明实施例3的轴向聚氨酯垫的性能最优。传统的轴向橡胶垫抗老化性能最差,因此使用寿命短。对比例2的轴向聚氨酯垫性能虽较传统的橡胶垫有所改善,但是仍然不及本发明的轴向聚氨酯垫。因此,本发明提供的聚氨酯弹性体是保证轴向聚氨酯垫优异性能的物质基础。
Industrial Applicability
总之,本发明提供了一种铁路轴向聚氨酯垫。该铁路轴向聚氨酯垫不仅有力学和弹性性能优良,而且具有优异的抗老化性能,在各项指标上都优于传统的轴向橡胶垫,可以很好地解决现有的轴向橡胶垫寿命短,更换频繁的问题。以本发明所述的轴向聚氨酯垫取代轴向橡胶垫,不仅可以降低维护成本,而且更有利于铁路行车安全。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种聚氨酯预聚体,原料包括芳香族二异氰酸酯和低聚多元醇,以所述聚氨酯组合物的总质量为基准,所述组分的质量百分比为:
    芳香族二异氰酸酯15-45%,低聚多元醇55-85%;
    优选的,所述聚氨酯组合物,原料由芳香族二异氰酸酯和低聚多元醇组成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯预聚体,其特征在于,所述芳香族二异氰酸酯选自 [1] 二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基联苯二异氰酸酯和萘二异氰酸酯中的至少一种;
    还优选的,所述二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为MDI-100。
    之所以做这样的修改,是为了与对比例 2 相呼应,以体现对比例 2 不在本发明要求保护的范围内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯预聚体,其特征在于,所述低聚多元醇的官能度大于等于2,数均分子量800-2000;
    优选的,上述低聚多元醇选自聚四氢呋喃二元醇、聚氧化丙烯多元醇、羟基改性聚有机硅氧烷、己二酸系聚酯多元醇、芳香族聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯二元醇中的至少一种;
    更优选的,上述低聚多元醇选自聚四氢呋喃二元醇、聚己内酯二元醇和聚碳酸酯二元醇中的至少一种;
    最优选的,上述低聚多元醇选自聚四氢呋喃二元醇1000、聚四氢呋喃二元醇2000、聚己内酯二元醇CAPA7201A、聚碳酸酯二元醇N980和聚碳酸酯二元醇N981中的至少一种。
  4. 权利要求1至3中任一项所述的聚氨酯预聚体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
    i. 按照质量百分比准备所述芳香族二异氰酸酯和低聚多元醇;
    ii. 在反应容器中,氮气保护下, 加入所述的干燥低聚多元醇,控制温度50-90℃;
    iii. 向反应容器中加入所述芳香族二异氰酸酯,氮气保护下,70-90℃反应0.5-3h,测试残留-NCO含量达到理论值,降温,即得。
  5. 一种聚氨酯组合物,包括权利要求1至3中任一项所述的聚氨酯预聚体或按照权利要求4所述的制备方法制备得到的聚氨酯预聚体,和固化剂;以所述聚氨酯预聚体的质量为基准,所述固化剂的质量百分比为5-20%;
    所述固化剂的原料包括小分子扩链交联剂和抗氧剂;优选的,还可以包括催化剂;
    优选的,所述的固化剂的原料由小分子扩链交联剂和抗氧剂组成,或者由小分子扩链交联剂、抗氧剂和催化剂组成;
    更优选的,以所述固化剂的总质量为基准,所述小分子扩链交联剂、抗氧剂、催化剂的质量百分比为:
    小分子扩链交联剂75-95%, 抗氧剂5-20%,催化剂0-5%。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述小分子扩链剂选自乙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、一缩二乙二醇、一缩二丙二醇、乙基丁基丙二醇、1,4-二羟甲基环己烷、对苯二酚二羟乙基醚、间苯二酚二羟乙基醚、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二苯基甲烷二胺、3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺、3,5-二乙基甲苯二胺、4,4'-亚甲基双(3-氯-2,6-二乙基苯胺)和2,4-二氨基-3,5-二甲硫基氯苯中的至少一种;
    优选的,所述的小分子扩链交联剂选自1,4-丁二醇、一缩二乙二醇、对苯二酚二羟乙基醚中的至少一种;
    还优选的,所述抗氧剂选自2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚和四亚甲基(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酸)甲酯中的至少一种;
    还优选的,所述催化剂选自叔胺类催化剂和有机金属类催化剂中的至少一种;
    更优选的,所述催化剂选自三亚乙基二胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、醋酸苯汞、有机铋和有机锌中的至少一种;
    进一步优选的,所述催化剂选自二月桂酸二丁基锡和有机铋中的至少一种。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述固化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
    A. 按照所述质量配比准备所述小分子扩链交联剂、抗氧剂和催化剂;
    B. 在反应容器中加入所述小分子扩链交联剂和抗氧剂,在105-120℃下脱水2-3h,降温至70℃加入催化剂搅拌30min,即得。
  8. 权利要求5-8中任一项所述聚氨酯组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
    按照所述质量配比准备所述聚氨酯预聚体和所述固化剂;将所述聚氨酯预聚体和所述固化剂在60-100℃混合均匀,即得
  9. 权利要求5-8中任一项所述聚氨酯组合物或按照权利要求8所述的制备方法制备得到的聚氨酯组合物在制备铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫中的应用。
  10. 一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫,包括权利要求5-8中任一项所述聚氨酯组合物或按照权利要求9所述的制备方法制备得到的聚氨酯组合物。
  11. 权利要求10所述的铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
    (1)按照所述质量配比准备所述聚氨酯预聚体和所述固化剂;
    (2)将所述聚氨酯预聚体和所述固化剂在60-100℃混合均匀,浇注到100-130℃的模具中硫化24小时, 冷却至80℃脱模 ;
    (3)将步骤(2)得到的成型的聚氨酯弹性体与铁件配合安装,即得。
PCT/CN2019/071672 2018-07-24 2019-01-14 铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备方法和应用 WO2020019689A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810815442.XA CN108997555B (zh) 2018-07-24 2018-07-24 一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备方法和应用
CN201810815442.X 2018-07-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020019689A1 true WO2020019689A1 (zh) 2020-01-30

Family

ID=64597649

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2019/071672 WO2020019689A1 (zh) 2018-07-24 2019-01-14 铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备方法和应用

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN108997555B (zh)
WO (1) WO2020019689A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108997555B (zh) * 2018-07-24 2021-05-28 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备方法和应用
CN110358045A (zh) * 2019-06-28 2019-10-22 上海唯万密封科技有限公司 一种密封用耐低温高弹性聚氨酯配方及制备工艺
CN113136021A (zh) * 2021-04-15 2021-07-20 浙江省三门县西陈橡胶厂 Ptm轨下垫板及其加工方法
CN114591485B (zh) * 2022-03-24 2023-11-21 青岛海力威新材料科技股份有限公司 一种铁路轨下垫板用聚氨酯微孔发泡材料及其制备方法
CN115991861B (zh) * 2022-12-08 2023-06-16 河北铁科翼辰新材科技有限公司 阻尼抗疲劳老化二氧化碳基聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102964809A (zh) * 2011-08-30 2013-03-13 特诺弹性体有限责任公司 具有改善性质的聚氨酯和聚氨酯-脲
CN104910346A (zh) * 2015-06-25 2015-09-16 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 聚氨酯弹性体防穿刺轮胎衬垫及其制备方法
CN107254161A (zh) * 2017-06-22 2017-10-17 广东元星工业新材料有限公司 耐低温聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法
CN108997555A (zh) * 2018-07-24 2018-12-14 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备方法和应用

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0754301A (ja) * 1993-08-11 1995-02-28 Inoac Corp 軌道の道床砕石飛散防止方法
JP2000061973A (ja) * 1998-08-20 2000-02-29 Bando Chem Ind Ltd 防振材
CN101948616B (zh) * 2010-09-13 2012-07-18 安徽大学 一种高速铁路用微孔聚氨酯弹性体减震元件及其制备方法
CN104672423A (zh) * 2015-03-24 2015-06-03 江苏兴华胶带股份有限公司 一种高速铁路用聚氨酯微孔弹性体的制备方法
CN104877103B (zh) * 2015-06-25 2017-08-08 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 聚氨酯弹性体高铁减震板的制备方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102964809A (zh) * 2011-08-30 2013-03-13 特诺弹性体有限责任公司 具有改善性质的聚氨酯和聚氨酯-脲
CN104910346A (zh) * 2015-06-25 2015-09-16 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 聚氨酯弹性体防穿刺轮胎衬垫及其制备方法
CN107254161A (zh) * 2017-06-22 2017-10-17 广东元星工业新材料有限公司 耐低温聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法
CN108997555A (zh) * 2018-07-24 2018-12-14 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 一种铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备方法和应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN108997555B (zh) 2021-05-28
CN108997555A (zh) 2018-12-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2020019689A1 (zh) 铁路货车轴向聚氨酯垫及其制备方法和应用
EP0897401B1 (en) Polyurethane composition useful for coating cylindrical parts
CN107880243A (zh) 一种高耐热高性能聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法
US4659747A (en) Cyclohexanedimethanol/diamine mixtures as RIM extenders
RU2442800C2 (ru) Литые эластомеры, способ их получения и их применение
JP2689376B2 (ja) 4,4’−メチレン−ビス(3−クロロ−2,6−ジエチルアニリン)によって硬化したポリウレタン
US5646230A (en) Isocyanate-terminated prepolymers, a process of producing polyurethane/polyurea elastomers therefrom, and the resultant elastomers
KR920007498B1 (ko) 폴리우레탄 탄성중합체 조성물
CN107254161A (zh) 耐低温聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法
KR19980070663A (ko) 개선된 역학적 특성을 갖는 엘라스토머 제조용 폴리우레탄프리폴리머
JPH0331315A (ja) ポリ尿素エラストマー成形品の製法
CN110606927B (zh) 一种高性能聚氨酯阻尼材料及其制备方法
CA1244592A (en) Reaction injection molded elastomers containing anhydrides
WO2017195934A1 (ko) 가교 사이트가 부여된 열가소성 폴리우레탄 및 이를 이용한 가교 발포 방법
US4309378A (en) Process for the production of pneumatic tires having particularly high dynamic strength
JP2017125143A (ja) ポリウレア樹脂形成性組成物
US5422414A (en) Modified polyurea-polyurethane systems endowed with improved processability
US4667009A (en) Polymethylene polyphenylamine modified diamine chain extenders in polyurea elastomers
CA2017810C (en) Polyurea elastomers with improved surface quality
US4546114A (en) Process for the preparation of polyurea elastomers
WO2017213448A1 (ko) 사출 또는 프레스 성형용 고내열 열가소성 폴리우레탄 조성물 및 그 제조방법
JPS61247721A (ja) ポリウレタン・ポリウレア・エラストマ−の製造法
JPH0521924B2 (zh)
JP2000159854A (ja) 繊維強化ポリウレタン尿素エラストマ―の製造方法
CN115340655A (zh) 一种聚氨酯材质刮水条材料及其应用

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19841825

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19841825

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1