WO2020015508A1 - 一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法 - Google Patents

一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020015508A1
WO2020015508A1 PCT/CN2019/093491 CN2019093491W WO2020015508A1 WO 2020015508 A1 WO2020015508 A1 WO 2020015508A1 CN 2019093491 W CN2019093491 W CN 2019093491W WO 2020015508 A1 WO2020015508 A1 WO 2020015508A1
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Prior art keywords
concrete
parts
particle size
repair material
magnesium oxide
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PCT/CN2019/093491
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
安光文
尤超
邹国军
刘敏
邓玲夕
王敏
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贵州磷镁材料有限公司
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Publication of WO2020015508A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020015508A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/34—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/72—Repairing or restoring existing buildings or building materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of concrete, in particular to a method for treating holes or exposed ribs in concrete.
  • Holes refer to the presence of cavities on the surface and inside of structural members, local lack of concrete, or excessive or excessive honeycomb defects.
  • a common hole in general engineering refers to a defect that exceeds the thickness of the steel protective layer, but does not exceed one-third of the section size of the component.
  • Exposed tendon refers to the defects that are exposed inside the reinforced concrete structure, such as the main tendons, erect tendons, distributed tendons, and stirrups, which are not covered by concrete. The existence of holes and exposed ribs will greatly reduce the appearance quality of the concrete structure, it will also reduce the durability of the concrete structure, and it will also reduce the bearing capacity of the concrete structure.
  • the method of processing holes in the prior art is roughly as follows: 1) concrete surface treatment: cutting out unqualified concrete, cleaning the interface, painting a layer of cement slurry at the contact surface of the new and old concrete; 2) supporting mold: opening a hole at the top, The width of the opening is not less than 5cm; 3) Pouring concrete: when the depth is less than 5cm, fine stone concrete with a higher grade is used, and 8% expansion agent is added for reinforcement. When the depth is greater than 5cm, a higher grade is used.
  • Patent No. CN201410298955.X discloses a concrete material for road surface repair and a construction method thereof.
  • the concrete material includes raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of iron aluminate cement and 50-150 sands.
  • Parts 40 to 80 parts of zinc sulfide, 60 to 70 parts of aluminum silicate, 50 to 60 parts of copper powder, 60 to 80 parts of vinyl acetate, 30 to 40 parts of dimethyl phthalate, and 80 to 120 ammonium persulfate Parts, 10-50 parts of styrene-butadiene latex, 40-60 parts of trichloroethylene, 50-55 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 20-30 parts of potassium nitrate, 70-100 parts of curing agent, and 90-200 parts of water.
  • the construction method is to mix the raw materials uniformly, heat it to 180-220 ° C, stir it for 20-70s, fill it on the road surface to be repaired, and smooth it.
  • the concrete material of the invention is used for repairing hole defects and the like on the pavement. After the repair, the porosity of the pavement is low, only 0.2% to 0.3%, the pavement is flat, and the ground is not significantly convex and concave.
  • Patent No. CN201210036033.2 discloses concrete re-pouring agent and concrete mortar, including a glue solution and a glue solution; 1 part by weight of a glue solution and 3 parts by weight of a glue solution are mixed uniformly to obtain a concrete re-pouring agent.
  • patent number CN201410633648.2 discloses an energy-saving concrete crack repairing agent, which includes the following components by weight: 12-18 parts of sand, 5-10 parts of quartz powder, and 20-35 parts of ordinary portland cement. 10-18 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 6-12 parts of water glass, 5-9 parts of polyvinyl acetate latex powder, 3-7 parts of silicon powder, 7-10 parts of slag powder, 6-9 parts of fly ash, 8-10 parts of expansion agent, 0.4-0.6 part of polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer, 0.2-0.4 part of polypropylene fiber.
  • the concrete repairing agent of the invention has high bonding strength, and significantly improves the bonding force between the old and new concrete interfaces.
  • the setting time is short, the strength after setting is rapid, and it is suitable for rapid repair. It is environmentally friendly, non-toxic and odorless, harmless to the human body, single group Divided into construction without polluting the environment. It can be used for repairing concrete cracks, holes, honeycomb hemp surface, and patching of tile and mosaic joints.
  • Patent No. CN201710822914.X discloses calcium phosphate silicomagnesium cement.
  • the raw materials in terms of parts by weight are: 20 to 40 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10 to 40 parts of industrial monoammonium, 30 to 70 parts of magnesium oxide light burnt powder, and yellow phosphorus slag. 20-50 parts and 6-23 parts of additives, and disclosed that the raw materials of additives include dry-based phosphogypsum, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, quaternary ammonium salt, and fluorosilicate, which solves the problem of large shrinkage of magnesium phosphate cement. At the same time, the frost resistance and corrosion resistance of cement are improved.
  • Patent No. 201710823028.9 discloses calcium phosphate silicomagnesium cement.
  • the raw materials in terms of parts by weight are: 20 to 40 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10 to 25 parts of industrial monoammonium, 30 to 70 parts of lightly calcined magnesium oxide, and 23 to 55 of fly ash. Parts, 2 to 6 parts of dry phosphogypsum, 1 to 6 parts of borax, and 4 to 12 parts of additives.
  • the additive contains whisker silicon and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, which solves the problem of large shrinkage of magnesium phosphate cement.
  • the strength, corrosion resistance and adhesion properties of cement are improved; however, the aforementioned literature mainly improves the binding force and filling property between materials through additives.
  • the prior art still has the following problems: 1. High repair cost; 2. Long construction period; before repairing concrete pouring, the joint surface of new and old concrete needs to be wet-cured for 72 hours, and the concrete needs to be moisturized and cured for more than 5 days after pouring; 3 Poor integrity, which affects the durability of the structure; although the interface is treated by painting with cement paste before pouring new concrete, there is a follow-up mold process, which is time-consuming and causes damage to the treated interface. Damage and reduce the bonding strength between materials.
  • the present invention provides a treatment method for concrete holes or exposed ribs.
  • the invention provides a treatment method for concrete holes or exposed bars.
  • the steps include: removing unqualified concrete, cleaning the interface, supporting the mold, mixing, pouring, curing, removing the mold, and putting it into use.
  • S2 interface cleaning clean the residue in the tank with high pressure air and rinse it with high pressure water
  • S3 support mold select plastic template for support mold
  • the concrete repair material contains a phosphor-magnesium-based material.
  • the concrete repair material includes 5-30 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20-60 parts of magnesium oxide, 2-9 parts of borax or boric acid with a particle size of 60-400 mesh, 5-30 parts of admixture, and a particle size. 20-90 parts of 0.2-4.75mm aggregate, 0-100 parts of 5-10mm aggregate.
  • the monoammonium phosphate has a particle size of 60-400 mesh and a nutrient (based on the total amount of N and P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 58%.
  • the particle size of the magnesium oxide is 80-400 mesh.
  • the magnesium oxide is reburned magnesium oxide.
  • the admixture is any one or more of fly ash, metakaolin, and quartz sand.
  • the high-density magnesium oxide and monoammonium phosphate are used in the preparation of the magnesium-phosphorus material prepared by the present invention.
  • the reaction rate of monoammonium phosphate and magnesium oxide is faster than that of monopotassium phosphate and monosodium phosphate of the same type.
  • the strength prepared by using monoammonium phosphate is higher, and 5-30 parts of monoammonium phosphate and 20-60 parts of magnesium oxide are used.
  • Magnesium oxide is excessive to ensure that the phosphate component is completely reacted completely. Unreacted magnesium oxide particles have high strength by themselves. As aggregates, micro-aggregates are generated. Effect to further increase the strength of the phosphorous magnesium material.
  • the borax or boric acid with the most retarding effect is used.
  • fly ash and metakaolin are used.
  • the fly ash is spherical and fills microscopic voids. At the same time, it improves the workability of the phosphorous magnesium material, which improves the compactness between the phosphorous magnesium material and the reinforcing bar and the repairing substrate.
  • the interface The adhesion is tighter; and the active aluminum component in fly ash and metakaolin reacts with the phosphate and magnesium oxide in the phosphorous magnesium material to improve the high temperature resistance of the phosphorous magnesium material.
  • the fine-grained sand that has been sieved and shaped reduces the edges and corners of the sand-gravel particles, and the prepared phosphorus-magnesium material has good workability and further improves the construction performance of the phosphorus-magnesium material.
  • the invention uses monoammonium phosphate, magnesia, borax or boric acid, admixtures and aggregates as concrete repair materials, so that morphological effects, active effects and micro-aggregate effects occur between the raw materials, so that the concrete repair materials have a dry shrinkage rate.
  • the concrete repair material created by the invention has a short setting time (10-25min) and early pressure resistance High strength (up to 30MPa in 2h), high flexural strength (more than 5MPa in 2h, more than 7.5MPa in 3d), high bonding strength (3.5MPa in 2h, 5.5MPa in 3d), low shrinkage (less than 2 ⁇ 10 -4 in 28d) ) And other characteristics, therefore, when used in the repair of holes or exposed ribs, avoid the use of interface agent, so that the old concrete interface does not need to brush the interface agent, to achieve the purpose of saving labor and time, while also ensuring the integrity of the concrete And the beauty of the repaired place, improving the bonding effect between new and old materials.
  • the construction method of the present invention does not need to brush the cement slurry after the interface is cleaned, but directly uses the phosphorus-magnesium material of the present invention for bonding, which not only reduces the complexity of the process operation, but also overcomes the defects of unevenness and unevenness of the cement interface. It also improves the integrity of the concrete, making the interface bonding strength high (3MP up to 3.6MP, 3d up to 7.2MP, 28d up to 12.6MP).
  • the construction method of the present invention does not require watering and hydration for 72 hours on the new and old concrete interface, and does not require hydration and curing for 7 days after the concrete is poured. The formwork can be removed only after curing for 3 hours, saving time and effort.
  • the method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of convenient operation, low cost, short construction period, and good construction effect, and simultaneously increases the added value of low-grade monoammonium phosphate.
  • This embodiment provides a method for processing a concrete hole or exposed bar, the steps include:
  • S2 interface cleaning clean the residue in the tank with high pressure air and rinse it with high pressure water
  • S3 support mold select plastic template for support mold
  • the concrete repair material includes: 30 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 60 kg of magnesium oxide, 9 kg of borax with a particle size of 400 mesh, 30 kg of admixture, 90 kg of 0.2 mm aggregate, and 100 kg of 5 mm aggregate;
  • the monoammonium phosphate has a particle size of 400 mesh and a nutrient (based on the total amount of N and P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 58%;
  • the magnesium oxide is reburned magnesium oxide, and its particle size is 400 mesh;
  • the admixture is fly ash.
  • This embodiment provides a method for processing a concrete hole or exposed bar, the steps include:
  • S2 interface cleaning clean the residue in the tank with high pressure air and rinse it with high pressure water
  • S3 support mold select plastic template for support mold
  • the concrete repair material includes: 5 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 20 kg of magnesium oxide, 2 kg of borax with a particle size of 60 mesh, 5 kg of admixture, 20 kg of aggregate with a particle size of 4.75 mm, and 1 kg of aggregate with a particle size of 10 mm;
  • the monoammonium phosphate has a particle size of 60 mesh and a nutrient (based on the total amount of N and P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 58%;
  • the magnesium oxide is reburned magnesium oxide, and its particle size is 80 mesh;
  • the admixture is metakaolin.
  • This embodiment provides a method for processing a concrete hole or exposed bar, the steps include:
  • S2 interface cleaning clean the residue in the tank with high pressure air and rinse it with high pressure water
  • S3 support mold select plastic template for support mold
  • the concrete repair material includes: 15 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 45 kg of magnesium oxide, 5 kg of borax with a particle size of 200 mesh, 12 kg of admixture, 30 kg of aggregate with a particle size of 2.36 mm, and 40 kg of aggregate with a particle size of 10 mm;
  • the monoammonium phosphate has a particle size of 250 mesh and a nutrient (based on the total amount of N and P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 58%;
  • the magnesium oxide is reburned magnesium oxide, and its particle size is 250 mesh;
  • the admixture is quartz sand.
  • This embodiment provides a method for processing a concrete hole or exposed bar, the steps include:
  • S2 interface cleaning clean the residue in the tank with high pressure air and rinse it with high pressure water
  • S3 support mold select plastic template for support mold
  • the concrete repair material includes: 15 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 45 kg of magnesium oxide, 2 kg of boric acid, 12 kg of admixture, 30 kg of aggregate with a particle size of 2.36 mm, and 30 kg of aggregate with a particle size of 10 mm;
  • the monoammonium phosphate has a particle size of 200 mesh and a nutrient (based on the total amount of N and P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 58%;
  • the magnesium oxide is reburned magnesium oxide, and its particle size is 200 mesh;
  • the admixture is a mixture of fly ash and metakaolin.
  • This embodiment provides a method for processing a concrete hole or exposed bar, the steps include:
  • S2 interface cleaning clean the residue in the tank with high pressure air and rinse it with high pressure water
  • S3 support mold select plastic template for support mold
  • the concrete repair material includes: 15 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 45 kg of magnesium oxide, 5 kg of borax, 12 kg of admixture, and 50 kg of aggregate with a particle size of 1.18 mm;
  • the monoammonium phosphate has a particle size of 220 meshes and a nutrient (based on the total amount of N and P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 58%;
  • the magnesium oxide is reburned magnesium oxide, and its particle size is 200 mesh;
  • the admixture is a mixture of metakaolin and quartz sand.
  • This comparative example provides a treatment method for concrete holes or exposed bars.
  • the steps include:
  • S2 interface cleaning clean the residue in the tank with high pressure air and rinse it with high pressure water
  • S3 support mold select plastic template for support mold
  • the concrete repair material includes: 35 kg of diammonium phosphate, 28 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 40 kg of magnesium oxide light-burned powder with a particle size of 200 mesh, 35 kg of yellow phosphorus slag with a particle size of 1.18 m, and 15 kg of additives;
  • the monoammonium phosphate has a particle size of 220 meshes and a nutrient (based on the total amount of N and P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 58%;
  • the additive raw materials include 4 kg of dry phosphogypsum, 2.5 kg of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 4 kg of quaternary ammonium salt, and 3 kg of fluorosilicate.
  • This comparative example provides a treatment method for concrete holes or exposed bars.
  • the steps include:
  • S2 interface cleaning clean the residue in the tank with high pressure air and rinse it with high pressure water
  • S3 support mold select plastic template for support mold
  • the concrete repairing material includes: 52 kg of diammonium phosphate, 45 kg of magnesium oxide light burned powder with a particle size of 200 mesh, 45 kg of fly ash, and 20 kg of an additive;
  • the diammonium phosphate has a particle size of 220 mesh
  • the additive raw materials include 4 kg of dry phosphogypsum, 4 kg of borax, 3 kg of fine silica powder, 2 kg of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, and 2 kg of magnesium phosphate.
  • This comparative example provides a treatment method for concrete holes or exposed bars.
  • the steps include:
  • S2 interface cleaning clean the residue in the tank with high pressure air and rinse it with high pressure water
  • S3 support mold select plastic template for support mold
  • the concrete repairing material includes: 28 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of industrial monoammonium, 55 kg of magnesium oxide light burnt powder, 37 kg of fly ash, 3 kg of dry-based phosphogypsum, 4 kg of borax, and 7 kg of additives;
  • the monoammonium phosphate has a particle size of 220 meshes and a nutrient (based on the total amount of N and P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 58%;
  • the additive raw materials include silicon whisker 3kg and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 4kg.
  • Example 1 No cracks on the surface, no moss Example 2 No cracks on the surface, no moss Example 3 No cracks on the surface and a small amount of moss Example 4 No cracks on the surface, no moss Example 5 No cracks on the surface and a small amount of moss Comparative Example 1 Weak cracks on the surface and a large number of mosses Comparative Example 2 Weak cracks on the surface and a large number of mosses Comparative Example 3 There are obvious cracks on the surface, and a large number of moss plants appear

Abstract

一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：凿除不合格混凝土、界面清洗、支模、搅拌、浇筑、养护、拆模、投用，且采用该方法处理，使修复部位的混凝土具有如下特点：（1）干缩率低，甚至有微膨胀，不再出现收缩开裂现象，确保混凝土结构的耐久性；（2）凝结时间短、早期抗压强度高，可使混凝土结构及时处于服务状态；（3）抗折强度高、粘结强度高，提高混凝土构件的环境适应能力。

Description

一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及属于混凝土技术领域，特别涉及一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法。
背景技术
孔洞是指结构构件表面和内部有空腔，局部没有混凝土或者是蜂窝缺陷过多过于严重。一般工程上常见的孔洞，是指超过钢筋保护层厚度，但不超过构件截面尺寸三分之一的缺陷。露筋是指钢筋混凝土结构内部的主筋、架立筋、分布筋、箍筋等没有被混凝土包裹而外露的缺陷。孔洞和露筋的存在会大大降低混凝土结构的外观质量，也会降低混凝土结构的耐久性，还会降低混凝土结构的承载能力。
现有技术中处理孔洞的方法大致如下：1)混凝土表面处理：凿除不合格混凝土、界面清洗，在新旧混凝土接触面处涂刷一层水泥浆；2)支模：在顶部开设一个洞口，洞口宽度不小于5㎝；3)浇筑混凝土：当深度小于5㎝时，采用高一等级的细石混凝土，内掺8％膨胀剂进行补强，当深度大于5㎝时，采用高一等级的混凝土，内掺8％膨胀剂进行补强；4)养护：混凝土浇筑72小时内，且混凝土已终凝，对该部位进行洒水养护，养护时间不少于5天；5)拆除模板：对于一般质量缺陷的修补，拆除模板就算完成了修复工作；且对于严重削弱构件断面，影响结构承载能力的孔洞，需新浇筑的混凝土强度达到设计值的50％以上后方可拆除模板。但存在施工操作难，施工时间长，受气候影响大，对界面采取涂刷水泥浆等方式进行了处理易造成界面不平整，降低新旧混凝土的粘结强度。
现有技术中，如专利号CN201410298955.X公开了一种用于路面 修补的混凝土材料及其施工方法，混凝土材料包括重量份计的原料：铁铝酸盐水泥100～200份、砂50～150份、硫化锌40～80份、硅酸铝60～70份、铜粉50～60份、醋酸乙烯酯60～80份、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯30～40份、过硫酸铵80～120份、丁苯胶乳10～50份、三氯乙烯40～60份、聚乙烯醇50～55份、硝酸钾20～30份、固化剂70～100份、水90～200份。其施工方法是将各原料混合均匀，加热到180～220℃，搅拌20～70s，填涂在需要修补的路面上，抹平。利用该发明的混凝土材料对路面的孔洞缺陷等进行修补，修补后的路面孔隙率低，仅0.2％～0.3％，路面平整，地面没有明显凸凹。又如专利号CN201210036033.2公开了混凝土再浇剂及混凝土砂浆，包括甲胶液和乙胶液；将1重量份的甲胶液和3重量份的乙胶液混合均匀，得到混凝土再浇剂，然后按照1重量份的混凝土再浇剂加入1重量份的水、1重量份的水泥和1重量份的砂石的比例进行配料，并将配料搅拌成砂浆，即可得到该发明的混凝土砂浆。其目的在于提供一种连接新、旧混凝土和结构加固施工作业、对混凝土表面蜂窝、麻面、露筋等坏损处进行修补、混凝土表面保护与防潮处理以及有耐酸碱腐蚀要求场合的抹灰或砖、板粘贴施工作业中的粘接强度更高，粘接后的界面承载力更大，使用寿命更长的混凝土再浇剂及混凝土砂浆。再如专利号CN201410633648.2公开了一种节能型混凝土裂缝修补剂，它包括如下重量份的组分：砂子12～18份，石英粉5～10份，普通硅酸盐水泥20～35份，硫铝酸盐水泥10～18份，水玻璃6～12份，聚醋酸乙烯酯乳胶粉5～9份，硅粉3～7份，矿渣粉7～10份，粉煤灰6～9份，膨胀剂8～10份，聚羧酸系高效减水剂0.4～0.6份，聚丙烯纤维0.2～0.4份。该发明的混凝土修补剂粘结强度高，显著提高新老混凝土界面的结合力；凝结固化时间短，凝结后强度发展快，适用于快速修补；环保、无毒无味，对人体无害，单组分施工，不污染环境。可用于混凝土裂缝、孔洞、蜂窝麻面的修补，及面砖、马赛克接缝的勾补等。
如专利号CN201710822914.X公开了磷酸钙硅镁水泥，原料以重量份计为：磷酸二铵20～40份、工业一铵10～40份、氧化镁轻烧粉30～70份、黄磷渣20～50份、添加剂6～23份，同时公开了添加剂原料包括干基磷石膏、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、季铵盐、氟硅酸盐，解决了磷酸镁水泥收缩大的缺陷，同时提升了水泥的抗冻、抗腐蚀性能。又如专利号CN201710823576.1公开了磷酸钙硅镁水泥，原料以重量份计为磷酸二铵30～70份、氧化镁轻烧粉30～70份、粉煤灰20～60份、添加剂7～23份，同时添加剂原料包括干基磷石膏、硼砂、二氧化硅微粉、磷酸二氢铝、磷酸镁，解决了磷酸镁水泥收缩大的缺陷，同时提升了水泥的强度和抗水性能；再如专利号201710823028.9公开了磷酸钙硅镁水泥，原料以重量份计为：磷酸二铵20～40份、工业一铵10～25份、氧化镁轻烧粉30～70份、粉煤灰23～55份、干基磷石膏2～6份、硼砂1～6份、添加剂4～12份，同时添加剂中含有晶须硅、十二烷基苯磺酸钠，解决了磷酸镁水泥收缩大的缺陷，同时提升了水泥的强度、耐腐蚀、粘接性性能；但前述文献主要通过添加剂改善物料之间的结合力和填充性。
但现有技术还存在以下问题：1、修补成本高；2、施工工期较长；在修补混凝土浇筑前，新旧混凝土结合面需湿水养护72小时，混凝土浇筑后需保湿养护5天以上；3、整体性不好，影响结构耐久性；虽然在浇筑新混凝土前对界面采取涂刷水泥浆等方式进行了处理，但是后续还有支模工序，支模耗时且会对已处理的界面造成损伤，降低材料间的粘结强度。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
本发明提供了一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：凿除不合格混凝土、界面清洗、支模、搅拌、浇筑、养护、拆模、投用。
具体步骤为：
S1凿除不合格混凝土：凿除不密实松散混凝土及浮动石子，检查凿除后砼表面密实、无明显空隙为止；
S2界面清洗：用高压空气清扫槽内残渣并用高压水冲洗干净；
S3支模：选择塑料模板进行支模；
S4搅拌：将混凝土修复材料倒入搅拌容器内，加水搅拌至扩散度为450-600mm，并搅拌均匀；
S5混凝土修复材料浇筑：浇筑步骤S4所得混凝土修复材料，并振捣密实；
S6养护：待初凝后用塑料薄膜覆盖保湿养护3h；
S7拆模：养护结束后拆除模板；
S8投用。
所述混凝土修复材料含有磷镁基材料。
所述混凝土修复材料以重量份计包括：磷酸一铵5-30份，氧化镁20-60份，粒度为60-400目的硼砂或硼酸2-9份，掺合料5-30份，粒径0.2-4.75mm的骨料20-90份，粒径5-10mm的骨料0-100份。
所述磷酸一铵，其粒度为60-400目，养份(以N和P 2O 5总量计)≥58％。
所述氧化镁，其粒度为80-400目。
所述氧化镁为重烧氧化镁。
所述掺合料为粉煤灰、偏高岭土、石英砂中任意一种或几种的混合物。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明制备的磷镁材料选用了高密度氧化镁与磷酸一铵，磷酸一铵与氧化镁反应速率快于同类型的磷酸一钾、磷酸一钠，采用磷酸一铵制备的强度更高，且采用磷酸一铵5-30份、氧化镁20-60份，氧化镁过量，保证磷酸盐组分完全反应彻底，未反应完的氧化镁颗粒，其自身强度高，作为骨料，产生微集料效应，进一步提高磷镁材料的强度。采用最有缓凝效果的硼砂或硼酸，通过调整掺量，调整磷镁材料的凝固时间，在推荐使用范围内效果最好，且对强度负面影响小。采用具有反应活性的粉煤灰和偏高岭土，粉煤灰呈现圆球状，起到填充微观空隙，同时提高磷镁材料工作性，使得磷镁材料与钢筋和修补基体之间的密实度提高，界面粘结更紧密；并且粉煤灰、偏高岭土中的活性铝组分与磷镁材料中的磷酸盐和氧化镁之间发生反应，提高磷镁材料耐高温性能。采用通过筛分、整形后的精品砂石，降低了砂石颗粒的棱角，制备的磷镁材料工作性好，进一步提高磷镁材料施工性能。
本发明创造采用磷酸一铵，氧化镁，硼砂或硼酸，掺合料、骨料作为混凝土修复材料，使得原料间发生形态效应、活性效应和微集料效应，进而使得混凝土修复材料具有干缩率低甚至微膨胀、需水量少且流动性大等特点，避免了掺膨胀剂、减水剂等外加剂；并且，本发明创造中混凝土修复材料具有凝结时间短(10-25min)、早期抗压强度高(2h可达到30MPa)、抗折强度高(2h大于5MPa，3d大于7.5MPa)、粘结强度高(2h达3.5MPa，3d达5.5MPa)、收缩低(28d小于2×10 -4)等特点，因此，在用于孔洞或露筋的修补时，避免了界面剂的使用，使得旧混凝土界面无需涂刷界面剂，达到了省工省时的目的，同时还 保证了混凝土的整体性和修补处的美观性，改善了新旧材料间的贴合效果。
本发明的施工方法不需要在界面清洗后涂刷水泥浆，而是直接利用本发明的磷镁材料进行粘结，不仅降低了工艺操作的复杂性，克服了水泥界面的不平整、不均匀缺陷，还提高了混凝土的整体性，使得界面粘结强度高(3h达3.6MP，3d达7.2MP,28d达到12.6MP)。并且，本发明的施工方法无须在新旧混凝土结合面浇水保湿72小时，以及混凝土浇筑后无须保湿养护7天，仅养护3h即可拆除模板，省时省力。
采用本发明创造公开的方法具有操作方便、成本低、施工工期短、施工效果好的特点，同时提高了低品位磷酸一铵的附加值。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式，任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替，仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：
S1凿除不合格混凝土：凿除不密实松散混凝土及浮动石子，检查凿除后砼表面密实、无明显空隙为止；
S2界面清洗：用高压空气清扫槽内残渣并用高压水冲洗干净；
S3支模：选择塑料模板进行支模；
S4搅拌：将混凝土修复材料倒入搅拌容器内，加水搅拌至扩散度为450-600mm，并搅拌均匀；
S5混凝土修复材料浇筑：浇筑步骤S4所得混凝土修复材料，并振捣密实；
S6养护：待初凝后用塑料薄膜覆盖保湿养护3h；
S7拆模：养护结束后拆除模板；
S8投用；
所述混凝土修复材料包括：磷酸一铵30kg，氧化镁60kg，粒度为400目的硼砂9kg，掺合料30kg，粒径0.2mm的骨料90kg，粒径5mm的骨料100kg；
所述磷酸一铵，其粒度为400目，养份(以N和P 2O 5总量计)≥58％；
所述氧化镁为重烧氧化镁，其粒度为400目；
所述掺合料为粉煤灰。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：
S1凿除不合格混凝土：凿除不密实松散混凝土及浮动石子，检查凿除后砼表面密实、无明显空隙为止；
S2界面清洗：用高压空气清扫槽内残渣并用高压水冲洗干净；
S3支模：选择塑料模板进行支模；
S4搅拌：将混凝土修复材料倒入搅拌容器内，加水搅拌至扩散度为450mm，并搅拌均匀；
S5混凝土修复材料浇筑：浇筑步骤S4所得混凝土修复材料，并振捣密实；
S6养护：待初凝后用塑料薄膜覆盖保湿养护3h；
S7拆模：养护结束后拆除模板；
S8投用；
所述混凝土修复材料包括：磷酸一铵5kg，氧化镁20kg，粒度为60目的硼砂2kg，掺合料5kg，粒径4.75mm的骨料20kg，粒径10mm的骨料1kg；
所述磷酸一铵，其粒度为60目，养份(以N和P 2O 5总量计)≥58％；
所述氧化镁为重烧氧化镁，其粒度为80目；
所述掺合料为偏高岭土。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：
S1凿除不合格混凝土：凿除不密实松散混凝土及浮动石子，检查凿除后砼表面密实、无明显空隙为止；
S2界面清洗：用高压空气清扫槽内残渣并用高压水冲洗干净；
S3支模：选择塑料模板进行支模；
S4搅拌：将混凝土修复材料倒入搅拌容器内，加水搅拌至扩散度为500mm，并搅拌均匀；
S5混凝土修复材料浇筑：浇筑步骤S4所得混凝土修复材料，并振捣密实；
S6养护：待初凝后用塑料薄膜覆盖保湿养护3h；
S7拆模：养护结束后拆除模板；
S8投用；
所述混凝土修复材料包括：磷酸一铵15kg，氧化镁45kg，粒度为200目的硼砂5kg，掺合料12kg，粒径2.36mm的骨料30kg，粒径10mm的骨料40kg；
所述磷酸一铵，其粒度为250目，养份(以N和P 2O 5总量计)≥58％；
所述氧化镁为重烧氧化镁，其粒度为250目；
所述掺合料为石英砂。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：
S1凿除不合格混凝土：凿除不密实松散混凝土及浮动石子，检查凿除后砼表面密实、无明显空隙为止；
S2界面清洗：用高压空气清扫槽内残渣并用高压水冲洗干净；
S3支模：选择塑料模板进行支模；
S4搅拌：将混凝土修复材料倒入搅拌容器内，加水搅拌至扩散度为500mm，并搅拌均匀；
S5混凝土修复材料浇筑：浇筑步骤S4所得混凝土修复材料，并振捣密实；
S6养护：待初凝后用塑料薄膜覆盖保湿养护3h；
S7拆模：养护结束后拆除模板；
S8投用；
所述混凝土修复材料包括：磷酸一铵15kg，氧化镁45kg，硼酸2kg，掺合料12kg，粒径2.36mm的骨料30kg，粒径10mm的骨料30kg；
所述磷酸一铵，其粒度为200目，养份(以N和P 2O 5总量计)≥58％；
所述氧化镁为重烧氧化镁，其粒度为200目；
所述掺合料为粉煤灰、偏高岭土的混合物。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：
S1凿除不合格混凝土：凿除不密实松散混凝土及浮动石子，检查凿除后砼表面密实、无明显空隙为止；
S2界面清洗：用高压空气清扫槽内残渣并用高压水冲洗干净；
S3支模：选择塑料模板进行支模；
S4搅拌：将混凝土修复材料倒入搅拌容器内，加水搅拌至扩散度为500mm，并搅拌均匀；
S5混凝土修复材料浇筑：浇筑步骤S4所得混凝土修复材料，并振捣密实；
S6养护：待初凝后用塑料薄膜覆盖保湿养护3h；
S7拆模：养护结束后拆除模板；
S8投用；
所述混凝土修复材料包括：磷酸一铵15kg，氧化镁45kg，硼砂5kg，掺合料12kg，粒径1.18mm的骨料50kg；
所述磷酸一铵，其粒度为220目，养份(以N和P 2O 5总量计)≥58％；
所述氧化镁为重烧氧化镁，其粒度为200目；
所述掺合料为偏高岭土、石英砂的混合物。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：
S1凿除不合格混凝土：凿除不密实松散混凝土及浮动石子，检查凿除后砼表面密实、无明显空隙为止；
S2界面清洗：用高压空气清扫槽内残渣并用高压水冲洗干净；
S3支模：选择塑料模板进行支模；
S4搅拌：将混凝土修复材料倒入搅拌容器内，加水搅拌至扩散度为500mm，并搅拌均匀；
S5混凝土修复材料浇筑：浇筑步骤S4所得混凝土修复材料，并振捣密实；
S6养护：待初凝后用塑料薄膜覆盖保湿养护3h；
S7拆模：养护结束后拆除模板；
S8投用；
所述混凝土修复材料包括：磷酸二铵35kg、磷酸一铵28kg、粒度为200目的氧化镁轻烧粉40kg、粒径1.18m的黄磷渣35kg、添加剂15kg；
所述磷酸一铵，其粒度为220目，养份(以N和P 2O 5总量计)≥58％；
所述添加剂原料包括干基磷石膏4kg、十二烷基苯磺酸钠2.5kg、季铵盐4kg、氟硅酸盐3kg。
对比例2
本对比例提供了一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：
S1凿除不合格混凝土：凿除不密实松散混凝土及浮动石子，检查凿除后砼表面密实、无明显空隙为止；
S2界面清洗：用高压空气清扫槽内残渣并用高压水冲洗干净；
S3支模：选择塑料模板进行支模；
S4搅拌：将混凝土修复材料倒入搅拌容器内，加水搅拌至扩散度为500mm，并搅拌均匀；
S5混凝土修复材料浇筑：浇筑步骤S4所得混凝土修复材料，并振捣密实；
S6养护：待初凝后用塑料薄膜覆盖保湿养护3h；
S7拆模：养护结束后拆除模板；
S8投用；
所述混凝土修复材料包括：磷酸二铵52kg、粒度为200目的氧化镁轻烧粉45kg、粉煤灰45kg、添加剂20kg；
所述磷酸二铵，其粒度为220目；
所述添加剂原料包括干基磷石膏4kg、硼砂4kg、二氧化硅微粉3kg、磷酸二氢铝2kg、磷酸镁2kg。
对比例3
本对比例提供了一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：
S1凿除不合格混凝土：凿除不密实松散混凝土及浮动石子，检查凿除后砼表面密实、无明显空隙为止；
S2界面清洗：用高压空气清扫槽内残渣并用高压水冲洗干净；
S3支模：选择塑料模板进行支模；
S4搅拌：将混凝土修复材料倒入搅拌容器内，加水搅拌至扩散度为500mm，并搅拌均匀；
S5混凝土修复材料浇筑：浇筑步骤S4所得混凝土修复材料，并振捣密实；
S6养护：待初凝后用塑料薄膜覆盖保湿养护3h；
S7拆模：养护结束后拆除模板；
S8投用；
所述混凝土修复材料包括：磷酸二铵28kg、工业一铵15kg、氧化镁轻烧粉55kg、粉煤灰37kg、干基磷石膏3kg、硼砂4kg、添加剂7kg；
所述磷酸一铵，其粒度为220目，养份(以N和P 2O 5总量计)≥58％；
所述添加剂原料包括晶须硅3kg、十二烷基苯磺酸钠4kg。
试验例
将实施例和对比例所得修复混凝土材料经GB/T 29417-2012和JC/T 2381-2016标准的检测，结果如表1所示：
表1
Figure PCTCN2019093491-appb-000001
试验例2
采用实施例和对比例的方法对高速公路出现的孔洞进行修复，修复后检测情况如表2所示：
表2
  表观现象
实施例1 表面平整、无缝隙、无鼓包、无裂痕、无空腔
实施例2 表面平整、无缝隙、无鼓包、无裂痕、无空腔
实施例3 表面平整、无缝隙、无鼓包、无裂痕、无空腔
实施例4 表面平整、无缝隙、无鼓包、无裂痕、无空腔
实施例5 表面平整、无缝隙、无鼓包、无裂痕、无空腔
对比例1 表面平整、有微弱缝隙、有鼓包、无空腔
对比例2 表面平整、有微弱缝隙、无鼓包、无裂痕、无空腔
对比例3 表面平整、无缝隙、有鼓包、无裂痕、有空腔
试验例3
采用实施例和对比例的方法对有孔洞的混凝土工件进行修复，然后将修复后工件置于模拟的恶劣环境下3个月，取出后观察工件变化情况，结果如表4、表5所示：
表4潮湿环境下工件变化情况
  表观现象
实施例1 表面无裂缝，无苔藓类植物
实施例2 表面无裂缝，无苔藓类植物
实施例3 表面无裂缝，出现少量苔藓类植物
实施例4 表面无裂缝，无苔藓类植物
实施例5 表面无裂缝，出现少量苔藓类植物
对比例1 表面有微弱裂缝，出现大量苔藓类植物
对比例2 表面有微弱裂缝，出现大量苔藓类植物
对比例3 表面有明显裂缝，出现大量苔藓类植物
表5海洋环境下工件变化情况
  表观现象
实施例1 表面无裂缝，无脱落，少许变色
实施例2 表面无裂缝，无脱落，少许变色
实施例3 表面无裂缝，无脱落，无变色
实施例4 表面无裂缝，无脱落，无变色
实施例5 表面有微弱裂缝，出现少量脱落，少许变色
对比例1 表面有明显裂缝，出现少量脱落，发生变色
对比例2 表面有明显裂缝，出现少量脱落，少许变色
对比例3 表面有明显裂缝，出现少量脱落，发生变色

Claims (7)

  1. 一种针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，步骤包括：凿除不合格混凝土、界面清洗、支模、搅拌、浇筑、养护、拆模、投用，其特征在于，具体步骤为：
    S1凿除不合格混凝土：凿除不密实松散混凝土及浮动石子，检查凿除后砼表面密实、无明显空隙为止；
    S2界面清洗：用高压空气清扫槽内残渣并用高压水冲洗干净；
    S3支模：选择塑料模板进行支模；
    S4搅拌：将混凝土修复材料倒入搅拌容器内，加水搅拌至扩散度为450-600mm，并搅拌均匀；
    S5混凝土修复材料浇筑：浇筑步骤S4所得混凝土修复材料，并振捣密实；
    S6养护：待初凝后用塑料薄膜覆盖保湿养护3h；
    S7拆模：养护结束后拆除模板；
    S8投用。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，其特征在于，所述混凝土修复材料为磷镁基材料。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，其特征在于，所述的混凝土修复材料以重量份计包括：磷酸一铵5-30份，氧化镁20-60份，粒度为60-400目的硼砂或硼酸2-9份，掺合料5-30份，粒径0.2-4.75mm的骨料20-90份，粒径5-10mm的骨料0-100份。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，其特征在于，所述磷酸一铵，其粒度为60-400目，养份(以N和P 2O 5总量计)≥58％。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，其特征在于，所述氧化镁，其粒度为80-400目。
  6. 如权利要求4或6所述的针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，其特征在于，所述氧化镁为重烧氧化镁。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的针对混凝土孔洞或露筋的处理方法，其特征在于，所述掺合料为粉煤灰、偏高岭土、石英砂中任意一种或几种的混合物。
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