Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M129/68—Esters
  • C10M129/74—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
  • H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
  • H01M10/625—Vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
  • H01M10/6567—Liquids
  • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
  • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of lubricating compositions for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It thus aims to propose a composition endowed with both lubrication properties with respect to the transmission of the propulsion system, cooling of the power electronics and of the battery, and of the two properties combined with respect to engine screw in a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• electric vehicle within the meaning of the present invention is meant a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the sole means of propulsion, unlike a hybrid vehicle which comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as means of combined propulsion. .
• propulsion system within the meaning of the present invention means a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for the propulsion of an electric vehicle.
• the propulsion system thus more particularly includes an electric motor, or the rotor-stator assembly of power electronics (dedicated to speed regulation), a transmission and a battery.
• compositions to respond to the double constraint of lubrication and cooling of the various parts of the propulsion system mentioned above.
• the lubricating composition plays a role both of lubrication and of cooling.
• the composition allows cooling.
• the transmission is lubricated by the composition and finally the batteries are cooled by said composition.
• a composition as defined according to the invention plays a role both in lubrication and in cooling.
• Lubricating compositions also called “lubricants” are commonly used in engines for the main purpose of reducing the frictional forces between the various metal parts moving in the engines. They are also effective in preventing premature wear or even damage to these parts, and in particular their surface.
• a lubricating composition is conventionally composed of one or more base oils, with which are generally associated several additives dedicated to stimulating the lubricating performance of the base oils, such as for example friction modifying additives.
• electric propulsion systems generate heat during their operation via the electric motor, power electronics and batteries. Since the amount of heat generated is greater than the amount of heat normally dissipated to the environment, it is necessary to ensure cooling of the engine, power electronics and batteries. In general, cooling takes place on several parts of the propulsion system generating heat and / or the parts of said system sensitive to heat, in order to avoid reaching dangerous temperatures, and in particular power electronics. and batteries.
• the present invention specifically aims to provide a new composition for simultaneously satisfying the lubrication and cooling of the elements of the aforementioned propulsion system.
• the inventors have discovered that it is possible to provide the multiple lubrication and cooling function of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, by using at least diester of formula (I) such as defined below, in a lubricating composition.
• composition thus formed can thus be brought into direct contact with the propulsion system and cool the engine, the power electronics and the battery by means of this direct contact of said composition on these organs, while also ensuring their lubrication.
• composition thus in direct contact with these members provides better cooling than conventional air cooling and in indirect contact with water. This direct contact allows better heat dissipation.
• air cooling allows direct cooling but air is a very bad heat dissipation fluid.
• water is an efficient fluid for cooling but is not compatible with direct contact with the engine, power electronics and the battery.
• the present invention relates, according to a first of its aspects, the use, for cooling and lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, of a composition
• a composition comprising at least:
• - R represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C5) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, in particular methyl;
• - s is 1 or 2; - n is 1, 2 or 3; it being understood that, when s is different from 1, n may be the same or different; and
• R a and R b identical or different, represent independently of each other, hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, having a linear chain of 2 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 8 atoms carbon;
• At least one of the groups R bonded to the carbon in beta position of the oxygen atoms of the ester functions represents a hydrogen atom.
• the lubricant composition is intended to be brought into direct contact with the batteries of electric vehicles, in particular Li-ion or Ni-Cd batteries, which are in particular in immersion or semi-immersion, static or in circulation , in said additive lubricating composition, or composition used according to the invention, or else directly sprayed in the form of a spray, jet, oil mist.
• electric vehicles in particular Li-ion or Ni-Cd batteries, which are in particular in immersion or semi-immersion, static or in circulation , in said additive lubricating composition, or composition used according to the invention, or else directly sprayed in the form of a spray, jet, oil mist.
• a composition as defined according to the invention makes it possible to effectively cool the battery present in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the cooling properties of an ester required according to the invention can be determined by measuring the thermal conductivity, denoted l, and the thermal capacity, denoted Cp, of said ester.
• Thermal conductivity characterizes the behavior of a material during thermal transfer by conduction. It represents the energy (quantity of heat) transferred per unit of area and time under a temperature gradient of 1 kelvin per meter. The higher the thermal conductivity, the more energy conductive the material and will have the ability to dissipate heat.
• the thermal conductivity can be measured according to standard ASTM D7896.
• the thermal capacity makes it possible to quantify the capacity of a body to absorb or restore energy by heat exchange during a temperature variation. The higher the thermal capacity, the more the body conducts energy and will have the capacity to dissipate heat.
• the thermal capacity can be measured by differential scanning calorimetry (or DSC for “Differential Scanning Calorimetry” according to ASTM E1269).
• a composition used according to the invention also makes it possible to provide lubrication of the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and more particularly the electric motor itself and the transmission.
• composition as defined according to the invention makes it possible to ensure the lubrication of the transmission, in particular of the reduction gear, of an electric or hydride vehicle.
• this unique composition implemented according to the invention makes it possible to ensure both the cooling of the engine, the power electronics and the battery, in particular a Li-ion or Ni-Cd battery, as well as the lubrication of the electric motor, of the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• composition used according to the invention has a particularly interesting high temperature flammability.
• the use of at least one diester of formula (I) as defined above, in at least one base oil makes it possible to increase the life of said composition.
• a diester of formula (I) required according to the invention has higher evaporation times, and therefore a lower volatility, compared to those observed for diesters not in accordance with the invention, in particular corresponding to formula (I) defined above for which s would be worth 3.
• Volatility can be measured by thermogravimetric analysis, or ATG, according to standard ASTM D6375.
• a diester of formula (I) according to the invention gives a composition in which it is used, advantageous properties, in particular of lubrication and cooling, over a longer period of use, increasing by this amount. makes the drain interval.
• This criterion is particularly important for organs of the propulsion system that are difficult to access and whose emptying can be complex, such as batteries.
• the present invention therefore relates, according to another of its aspects, to the use of a diester of formula (I) as defined above, in a composition for cooling and lubricating a propulsion system of a vehicle electric or hybrid, comprising at least one base oil, to increase the emptying interval of the propulsion system, in particular of its battery.
• the present invention also relates to a method of cooling and lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of bringing at least one mechanical part of said system into contact with a composition as described according to the invention.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an electric or hybrid propulsion system.
• composition used according to the invention comprises at least (i) a base oil or fluid base as explained below, and (ii) at least one diester of formula (I) defined in detail below. after.
• a composition used according to the invention may have a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C. according to standard ASTM D445, of between 2 and 8 mm 2 / s, preferably between 3 and 7 mm 2 / s.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention can be of grade according to the SAEJ300 classification defined by the formula (X) W (Y), in which X represents 0 or 5; and Y represents an integer ranging from 4 to 20, in particular ranging from 4 to 16 or from 4 to 12.
• a composition used according to the invention comprises at least one base oil, in particular a fluid base formed from one or more base oils, having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C. according to standard ASTM D445 ranging from 1 , 5 to 8 mm 2 / s, in particular from 1.5 to 6.1 mm 2 / s, more particularly from 1.5 to 4.1 mm 2 / s, even more particularly from 1.5 to 2.1 mm 2 / s.
• This base oil can be a mixture of several base oils, namely a mixture of 2, 3 or 4 base oils.
• fluid base will denote the oil or mixture of base oils, having a kinematic viscosity measured at 100 ° C. according to standard ASTM D445 ranging from 1.5 to 8 mm 2 / s.
• the base oil present in a lubricating composition used according to the invention can be chosen from oils of mineral or synthetic origins belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in table A below or their mixtures, provided that the oil or mixture of oils has the viscosity desired above.
• Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric distillation and vacuum of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, dealphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing .
• Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils, which can be bio-sourced, can also be used.
• the base oils of the compositions used according to the invention can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphales (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• synthetic oils such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphales (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the PAOs used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising from 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene.
• the weight average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the PAO is less than 600 Da. The weight average molecular weight of the PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
• the PAOs implemented in the context of the invention having a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C. according to standard ASTM D445, ranging from 1.5 to 8 mm 2 / s are sold commercially by Ineos under the Durasyn ® 162, Durasyn ® 164, Durasyn ® 166 and Durasyn ® 168 brands.
• oil or base oils of the composition used according to the invention are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO).
• a composition used according to the invention comprises a fluid base formed of one or more base oils having a kinematic viscosity measured at 100 ° C. according to standard ASTM D445 of between 1.5 and 8 mm 2 / s .
• a composition used according to the invention may be free of base oil or mixture of base oils which do not meet the criterion of kinematic viscosity measured at 100 ° C. according to standard ASTM D445, in particular free of oil or mixture of base oils with a viscosity greater than 9 mm 2 / s.
• the fluid base provides in particular the cooling potential of the composition used according to the invention.
• the fluidity of the base in particular ensures good cooling properties during the use of the composition in contact with the batteries of a propulsion system of an electric or hydride vehicle.
• the cooling properties of the composition used are further advantageously increased by the shear applied to the composition at the injection level which brings the fluid to a lower viscosity level than at rest.
• a composition used according to the invention comprises from 60% to 99.5% by weight, preferably from 70% to 98%, even more preferably from 80% to 98%, advantageously from 90% to 97% by weight of base oil, or mixture of base oils, in particular having a kinematic viscosity measured at 100 ° C. according to standard ASTM D445 ranging from 1.5 to 8 mm 2 / s, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a lubricant composition used according to the invention has the specificity of containing at least one diester of general formula (I), distinct from the base oil defined above,
• - R represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a group (Ci-Csjalkyle, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, in particular methyl;
• n is 1, 2 or 3; in particular n is 2 or 3 and more particularly n is 2, it being understood that, when s is different from 1, n may be the same or different; and
• R a and R b identical or different, represent independently of each other, hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, having a linear chain of 2 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 8 atoms carbon;
• R a and R b identical or different, represent, independently of each other, hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, comprising from 2 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
• a carbon chain can have from t to z carbon atoms; for example Ci_ 4 a carbon chain which can have from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
• alkyl a saturated, linear or branched aliphatic group
• a Ci-4-alkyl group represents a carbon chain of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, linear or branched, more particularly methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, fc / t-butylc.
• n in the above formula (I) is worth 2 or 3, and more particularly n is worth 2.
• At least one of the groups R represents a (Ci-Cs) alkyl group, in particular (Ci-C 4 ) alkyl, linear or branched, more preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl; advantageously methyl.
• the diester of formula (I) required according to the invention can more particularly be a diester of formula (F) below:
• R and R ’ represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C5) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, in particular a methyl group;
• R a and R b identical or different, represent independently of each other, hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, having a linear chain of 2 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 8 atoms carbon;
• At least one of the groups R or R ’ represents a (Ci-C5) alkyl group, linear or branched.
• a diester required according to the invention is of formula (F) wherein at least one of R or R 'represents a (Ci-C5) alkyl, particularly (C -C 4) alkyl, linear or branched, more preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl; advantageously methyl.
• s in the above formula (I) or (G) is equal to 2.
• the diester required according to the invention can be of the following formula (a):
• R and R ’ represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-C5) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl;
• R a and R b identical or different, represent independently of each other, hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, having a linear chain of 2 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 8 atoms carbon;
• At least one of the groups R or R ′ represents a (Ci-Cs) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular methyl, ethyl or propyl, advantageously methyl.
• At least one of the groups R represents a (Ci-Cs) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl; and at least one of R 'represents a (Ci-Cs) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl.
• the diester of the invention may be of formula (a) in which one of the groups R represents a (Ci-Cs) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group , advantageously methyl; and one of the groups R ’represents a linear or branched (Ci-Cs) alkyl group, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl; the other groups R and R ’representing hydrogen atoms.
• the diester of the invention can have the following formula (I ”a):
• R 1 and R 2 represents a (Ci-Cs) alkyl group, linear or branched, the other representing a hydrogen atom;
• R 3 and R 4 represents a (Ci-Cs) alkyl group, linear or branched, the other representing a hydrogen atom;
• R a and R b identical or different, are as defined above.
• the diester of the invention can be of formula (I ”a) in which:
• one of the groups R 1 and R 2 represents a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl, the other representing a hydrogen atom;
• one of the groups R 3 and R 4 represents a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl, the other representing a hydrogen atom.
• the diester required according to the invention can have the following formula (I’b):
• - R represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-Cs) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl;
• R a and R b identical or different, represent independently of each other, hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, having a linear chain of 2 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 8 atoms carbon.
• At least one of the R represents a (Ci-C5) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl.
• the diester of the invention may be of formula (I'b) in which one of the groups R represents a (Ci-C5) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl , the others representing hydrogen atoms.
• R a and R b in formula (I), (F), (a), (I ”a) or (F b) above, identical or different, represent hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated , linear or branched, having a linear chain of 2 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
• hydrocarbon group is understood to mean any group having a carbon atom directly attached to the rest of the molecule and having mainly an aliphatic hydrocarbon character.
• R a and R b in the formula (I), (F), (a), (I ”a) or (I'b) mentioned above, have a linear chain of 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
• R a and R b in formula (I), (F), (a), (I ”a) or (I'b) above have a linear sequence of 8 to 11 atoms of carbon.
• linear chain from t to z carbon atoms is meant a saturated or unsaturated carbon chain, preferably saturated, comprising from t to z carbon atoms one after the other, the carbon atoms possibly present at the level ramifications of the carbon chain not being taken into account in the number of carbon atoms (tz) constituting the linear chain.
• R a and R b identical or different, are derived from vegetable, animal or petroleum origin.
• R a and R b identical or different, represent saturated groups.
• R a and R b identical or different, represent groups linear.
• R a and R b represent linear hydrocarbon groups saturated in C H to C II , in particular Cs to Cio.
• R a and R b are identical.
• R a and R b both represent n-octylc or n-undecylc groups, preferably n-octylc.
• R a and R b represent branched hydrocarbon groups comprising 2 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
• R a and R b in the formula (I), (F), (a), (F'a) or (I'b) above preferably have a linear chain of 3 to 7 atoms of carbon branched by at least one, preferably one, C 1 to C 6 hydrocarbon-based group, preferably methyl or ethyl.
• R a and R b are identical.
• R a and R b both represent 2-methylheptyl or 2-ethylhexyl groups.
• the diesters of formula (I) required according to the invention may be commercially available or prepared according to synthetic methods described in the literature and known to those skilled in the art. These synthetic methods more particularly implement an esterification reaction between a diol compound of formula HO - ([[C (R) 2 ] n -0) s -OH and compounds of formula R a -COOH and R b - COOH, with R a and R b , identical or different, being as defined above.
• R a and R b identical or different
• diesters of the above-mentioned formula (I), in particular of the above-mentioned formula (F) can be obtained by esterification reaction between a mono- or polypropylene glycol, in particular the monopropylene glycol (MPG) or dipropylene glycol (DPG), diethylene glycol (DEG), neopentyl glycol (NPG), preferably between dipropylene glycol or diethylene glycol, and one or more suitable carboxylic acids R a -COOH and R b -COOH, in particular chosen from nonanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, isononanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• MPG monopropylene glycol
• DPG dipropylene glycol
• DEG diethylene glycol
• NPG neopentyl glycol
• R a -COOH and R b -COOH in particular chosen from nonanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, ison
• one of the groups R representing a group (C 1 -C 6 alkyl, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl, the others representing hydrogen atoms; and
• one of the groups R ’ representing a group (Ci-Csjalkyl, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl, the others representing hydrogen atoms,
• DPG dipropylene glycol
• R a -COOH and R b -COOH can be obtained via an esterification reaction between dipropylene glycol (DPG) and one or more suitable carboxylic acids R a -COOH and R b -COOH.
• one of the groups R representing a linear or branched (Ci-C5) alkyl group, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, advantageously methyl, the others representing hydrogen atoms,
• MPG monopropylene glycol
• R a -COOH and R b -COOH can be obtained via an esterification reaction between monopropylene glycol (MPG) and one or more suitable carboxylic acids R a -COOH and R b -COOH.
• a diester or mixture of diesters can thus be obtained by esterification reaction between monopropylene glycol or dipropylene glycol and nonanoic acid or dodecanoic acid.
• a diester or mixture of diester required according to the invention can be obtained by esterification reaction between dipropylene glycol and nonanoic acid, dodecanoic acid and their mixtures.
• a diester or mixture of diesters required according to the invention can be obtained by esterification reaction between diethylene glycol and nonanoic acid.
• a diester or mixture of diester required according to the invention can be obtained by esterification reaction between neopentyl glycol and nonanoic acid, isononanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid and their mixtures .
• the diester of formula (I) required according to the invention advantageously has a kinematic viscosity measured at 40 ° C according to standard ASTM D445 of between 5 and 18 mm 2 / s, preferably between 8 and 15 mm 2 / s, and / or a kinematic viscosity measured at 100 ° C according to standard ASTM D445 between 1.5 and 9.3 mm 2 / s, preferably between 2 and 4 mm 2 / s.
• the diester of formula (I) required according to the invention advantageously has a thermal conductivity measured at 30 ° C according to standard ASTM D7896, greater than or equal to 100 mW / Km, preferably between 110 and 180 mW / Km and / or a thermal conductivity measured at 130 ° C according to standard ASTM D7896, greater than or equal to 90 mW / Km, preferably between 95 and 160 mW / Km.
• the diester of formula (I) required according to the invention advantageously has a thermal capacity measured at 20 ° C. according to standard ASTM El 269, greater than or equal to 1.5 J / K, preferably between 1.8 and 2, 1 J / K and / or a thermal capacity measured at 80 ° C according to ASTM standard El 269, greater than or equal to 2 J / K, preferably between 2.0 and 2.8 J / K.
• the diester of formula (I) required according to the invention advantageously has an evaporation time of 20% by weight of said ester, measured according to standard ASTM D6375 greater than or equal to 400 seconds, preferably between 410 and 600 seconds.
• the diester of formula (I) as defined above may be in the form of a mixture of diesters of formula (I) as defined above.
• the diester (s) of formula (I) can be present in a content of between 1 and 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition used according to the invention, in particular, between 5 and 30% by weight, preferably between 5 and 25% by weight, and more particularly between 10 and 25% by weight.
• diester (s) of formula (I) as defined above can be incorporated directly into the base lubricating oil.
• a composition used according to the invention is formed, in other words consists of a mixture:
• a base oil or mixture of base oils, having a kinematic viscosity measured at 100 ° C according to standard ASTM D445 ranging from 1.5 to 8 mm 2 / s;
• composition used according to the invention may also comprise one or more additional additives as defined more precisely in the following text.
• a lubricating composition used according to the present invention may also comprise at least one additive modulating the properties of the base oil.
• a composition used according to the invention can also use at least one hydrocarbon fluid having a boiling point greater than or equal to 50 ° C.
• a hydrocarbon fluid preferably has a boiling point between 50 and 350 ° C, in particular between 60 and 250 ° C, and even more particularly between 80 and 200 ° C.
• the hydrocarbon fluid has a carbon content of biological origin greater than or equal to 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
• hydrocarbon fluid means any fluid comprising linear hydrocarbon molecules, saturated or unsaturated, which may also include aromatic or cyclic groups, or even heteroatoms.
• the hydrocarbon fluid is completely saturated.
• the components of the hydrocarbon fluid are chosen from isoparaffins comprising 12 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 13 to 19 carbon atoms and more preferably 14 to 18 carbon atoms.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises alkanes, or linear molecules of saturated hydrocarbons with non-cyclic chain, in particular comprising between 12 and 30 carbon atoms, in a content of between 80 and 100% by weight, relative the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, or even between 90 and 100% by weight, and for example between 95 and 100% by weight.
• paraffins denote hydrocarbons with straight chains (also called “normal paraffins”) or and with branched chains (also called “isoparaffins”).
• heteroatoms in the context of the present invention, mention may in particular be made of nitrogen and oxygen.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises from 90 to 100% by weight of isoparaffins, a content of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10% by weight and a higher content of carbon of biological origin or equal to 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
• the hydrocarbon fluid advantageously comprises a content greater than or equal to 90% by weight, in particular greater than or equal to 95% by weight, and even more advantageously greater than or equal to 98% by weight of isoparaffins, relative to the total weight of hydrocarbon fluid.
• the isoparaffins present in the hydrocarbon fluid contain from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 13 to 19 carbon atoms and even more preferably from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.
• the hydrocarbon fluid advantageously comprises a content of normal paraffins less than or equal to 10% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 5% and even more preferably less than or equal to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
• Isoparaffins are advantageously non-cyclic isoparaffins.
• the hydrocarbon fluid has an isoparaffin to normal paraffin mass ratio of at least 12: 1, preferably at least 15: l and more preferably at least 20: 1. According to an even more particular embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid does not include normal paraffins.
• the hydrocarbon fluid preferably comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100% and a content of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10%, preferably from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins chosen from alkanes comprising from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably from 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a majority, that is to say more than 90% by weight, of molecules having from 14 to 18 carbon atoms, such as isoparaffins.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises from 60 to 95% by weight, preferably from 80 to 98% by weight, of isoparaffins chosen from the group consisting of Cl 5 isoparaffins, Cl 6 isoparaffins, Cl 7 isoparaffins, Cl 8 isoparaffins and mixtures of two or more of them.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises:
• isoparaffins having 15 carbon atoms and isoparaffins having 16 carbon atoms in a total amount ranging from 80 to 98% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid or - isoparaffins having 16 carbon atoms, isoparaffins having 17 carbon atoms and isoparaffins having 18 carbon atoms in a total amount ranging from 80 to 98% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, or
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises isoparaffins having 17 carbon atoms and isoparaffins having 18 carbon atoms in a total amount ranging from 80 to 98% by weight, relative to the total weight of the fluid hydrocarbon.
• Examples of preferred hydrocarbon fluids are those comprising:
• the hydrocarbon fluid preferably comprises a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 3%, preferably less than or equal to 1%, more preferably less than or equal to 0.5% and even more preferably less than or equal to 500 ppm, or even at 100 ppm or 50 ppm.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10% and a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 1%.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a content by weight ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins and a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 0.5%. More preferably it includes a content by weight ranging from 98% to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 2% of normal paraffins and a content by weight of naphthenic compound less than or equal to 100 ppm.
• the hydrocarbon fluid is advantageously free of aromatic compounds.
• free is meant a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 500 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 300 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm, more preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm and advantageously less than or equal to 20 ppm measured for example by UV spectrometry.
• the content by weight of isoparaffins, normal paraffins, naphthenic compounds and / or aromatics of the hydrocarbon fluid can be determined according to methods well known to those skilled in the art. By way of nonlimiting example, there may be mentioned a method by gas chromatography.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10%, a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 1% and a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 500 ppm.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a content by weight ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins, a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 0.5% and a content by weight of compounds aromatics less than or equal to 300 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm, preferably less than 50 ppm and advantageously less than 20 ppm.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a content by weight ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins and a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 100 ppm. More preferably, it comprises a content by weight ranging from 98% to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 2% of normal paraffins, a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 100 ppm and a content by weight of aromatic compounds less or equal to 100 ppm.
• the hydrocarbon fluid also preferably has an extremely low content of sulfur compounds by weight, typically less than or equal to 5 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 3 ppm and more preferably less than or equal to 0.5 ppm at a level too low to be detected using conventional low-sulfur analyzers.
• the hydrocarbon fluid also preferably has a flash point greater than or equal to l0 ° C, preferably greater than or equal to l20 ° C and more preferably greater than or equal to l40 ° C according to standard EN ISO 2719.
• a high flash point typically higher than l0 ° C, allowing, among other things, to overcome the safety problems during storage and transport by avoiding excessively sensitive flammability of the hydrocarbon fluid.
• the hydrocarbon fluid also preferably has a vapor pressure at 20 ° C less than or equal to 0.0lkPa.
• the hydrocarbon fluid also preferably has a flash point greater than or equal to 110 ° C according to standard EN ISO 2719 and a vapor pressure at 20 ° C less than or equal to 0.0lkPa.
• the hydrocarbon fluid has a flash point greater than or equal to greater than or equal to 120 ° C and a vapor pressure at 20 ° C less than or equal to 0.0lkPa.
• it has a flash point greater than or equal to 140 ° C and a vapor pressure at 20 ° C less than or equal to 0.0lkPa.
• the hydrocarbon fluid has boiling temperatures, a flash point and a vapor pressure which alleviates the problems of flammability, odor and volatility.
• the hydrocarbon fluid also preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C less than or equal to 5 cSt, preferably less than or equal to 4 cSt and more preferably less than or equal to 3.5 cSt according to standard EN ISO 3104.
• the hydrocarbon fluid can be obtained by any process known to those skilled in the art.
• the hydrocarbon fluid is a hydrocarbon fraction which results from the conversion of biomass.
• resulting from the conversion of biomass is meant in the context of the present invention a hydrocarbon fraction produced from raw materials of biological origin.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises:
• a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 95 to 100% and preferably from 98% to 100% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, and a content by weight of normal paraffins less than or equal to 5% and preferably less than or equal to 2% relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid;
• a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 0.5% and preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid;
• a content by weight of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 300 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm, more preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm and advantageously less than or equal to 20 ppm, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.
• the hydrocarbon fluid comprises a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 98% to 100%, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, and a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C less than or equal to 5 cSt, preferably less than or equal to 4 cSt and preferably less than or equal to 3.5 cSt.
• a lubricant composition used according to the invention may also comprise at least one radical inhibitor.
• radical inhibitors are known per se to those skilled in the art and can have different chemical natures and in particular belong to different chemical families.
• radical inhibitors mention may in particular be made of phosphorus radical inhibitors.
• the phosphorus radical inhibitors there are the compounds for which the phosphorus is a P (V) or pentavalent phosphorus, in particular phosphates such as triethylphosphate, trimethylphosphate, optionally fluorinated alkylphosphates or even arylphosphates, phosphazenes such as l hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene, and the compounds for which the phosphorus is a P (III) or trivalent phosphorus, in particular phosphites such as tris (2,2,2-trifluoro ethyl 1) phosphite.
• phosphates such as triethylphosphate, trimethylphosphate, optionally fluorinated alkylphosphates or even arylphosphates, phosphazenes such as l hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene
• phosphazenes such as l hexamethoxycyclotriphosphazene
• composition used according to the invention may also comprise additives modulating the properties of the base oil.
• Such additives can be chosen from friction modifiers, detergents, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point improvers, defoamers and their mixtures.
• additives can be introduced in isolation and / or in the form of a mixture, like those already available for sale for formulations of commercial lubricants for vehicle engines, with performance levels as defined by ACEA ( Association of European Automobile Manufacturers) and / or API (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
• ACEA Association of European Automobile Manufacturers
• API American Petroleum Institute
• Anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives protect friction surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these surfaces.
• the antiwear additives are chosen from phosphosulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
• phosphosulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
• the preferred compounds are of formula Zn ((SP (S) (OR 2 ) (OR 3 )) 2 , in which R 2 and R 3 , identical or different, independently represent an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
• Amine phosphates are also anti-wear additives which can be used in a composition used according to the invention.
• the phosphorus provided by these additives can act as poison in the catalytic systems of automobiles because these additives generate ash.
• These effects can be minimized by partially substituting the phosphates of amines with additives which do not provide phosphorus, such as, for example, polysulfides, in particular sulfur olefins.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 6% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 4% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 2% of anti-wear additives and d extreme pressure additives, by mass relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention is free from anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention is advantageously free from phosphate additives.
• a lubricant composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one friction-modifying additive.
• the friction-modifying additive can be chosen from a compound providing metallic elements and an ash-free compound.
• the compounds providing metallic elements mention may be made of complexes of transition metals such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the ligands of which may be hydrocarbon compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus.
• the ash-free friction modifying additives are generally of organic origin and can be chosen from monoesters of fatty acids and of polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, fatty borate epoxides; fatty amines or fatty acid glycerol esters.
• the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight of friction-modifying additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention is free from friction-modifying additive.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
• the antioxidant additive generally makes it possible to delay the degradation of the composition in service. This degradation can in particular result in the formation of deposits, in the presence of sludge or in an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
• the antioxidant additives act in particular as radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides.
• antioxidant additives commonly used, there may be mentioned antioxidant additives of the phenolic type, antioxidant additives of the amino, phosphosulfur antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfur antioxidant additives, can generate ash.
• the phenolic antioxidant additives may be ash-free or may be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
• the antioxidant additives can in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted by at least one C 1 -C 2 alkyl group, N, N'-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
• the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from the compounds comprising a phenol group in which at least one vicinal carbon of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group. in C 1 -C 6 , preferably a C 4 alkyl group, preferably by the tert-butyl group.
• Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, possibly in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
• Examples of amino compounds are the aromatic amines, for example the aromatic amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 in which R 4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 5 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S (0) z R 8 in which R 7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, a alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
• Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
• antioxidant additives are that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithiophosphates, copper salts and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper salts I and II, salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used.
• copper compounds for example copper thio- or dithiophosphates, copper salts and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates.
• Copper salts I and II, salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used.
• a lubricant composition used according to the invention can contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive free from ash.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention may comprise from 0.5 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a lubricant composition used according to the invention can also comprise at least one detergent additive.
• Detergent additives generally reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving secondary oxidation and combustion products.
• the detergent additives which can be used in a lubricating composition used according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art.
• the detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head.
• the associated cation can be a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
• the detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as phenate salts.
• the alkali and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
• metal salts generally comprise the metal in a stoichiometric amount or else in excess, therefore in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount.
• overbased detergent additives the excess metal providing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of a metal salt insoluble in oil, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a carbonate .
• a lubricant composition used according to the invention may for example comprise from 2 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention may also comprise at least one pour point depressant additive. By slowing down the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point lowering additives generally improve the cold behavior of the composition.
• pour point lowering additives examples include alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise at least one dispersing agent.
• the dispersing agent can be chosen from Mannich bases, succinimides and their derivatives.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention may for example comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersing agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• composition as defined according to the invention can be used, by virtue of its joint properties in terms of lubrication and cooling, both as a lubricating fluid for the engine and the transmission, and as a fluid for cooling for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and more particularly of the engine, power electronics and batteries.
• the present invention relates, according to one of its aspects, the use, as lubrication fluid and cooling fluid for a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, of a composition comprising at least :
• - R represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a (Ci-Cs) alkyl group, linear or branched, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, in particular methyl;
• - n is 1, 2 or 3; it being understood that, when s is different from 1, n may be the same or different;
• R a and R b identical or different, represent independently of each other, hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, having a linear chain of 2 to 11 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 8 atoms carbon;
• At least one of the groups R bonded to the carbon in beta position of the oxygen atoms of the ester functions represents a hydrogen atom.
• cooling fluid within the meaning of the present invention is meant a fluid capable of dissipating the heat generated by a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. More precisely, such a fluid is characterized by an increased thermal absorption capacity when it comes into contact with a heating part.
• a composition used according to the invention makes it possible to optimize the heat exchanges with the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It advantageously has a heat capacity measured at 50 ° C and at atmospheric pressure greater than 1.8 kJ / kg / K, preferably greater than 2 kJ / kg / K.
• composition used according to the invention is brought into contact with the battery by any implementation which allows direct contact between the cells of the battery and said composition, in particular by immersion or semi-immersion.
• the lubricant composition used according to the invention is advantageously brought into direct contact with the batteries by methods described below.
• the invention relates to the use of a composition as defined above for lubricating and cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• An electric motor is typically powered by an electric battery (2).
• Lithium-ion batteries are the most widespread in the field of electric vehicles. The development of more and more powerful and smaller and smaller batteries implies the appearance of the problem of cooling this battery. In fact, as soon as the battery exceeds temperatures of the order of 50 to 60 ° C, there is a high risk of ignition, or even explosion, of the battery. There is also a need to maintain the battery at a temperature above about 0 ° C in order to allow optimal operation of the battery.
• the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle in particular comprises the electric motor part (1).
• This typically includes power electronics (11) connected to a stator (13) and a rotor (14).
• the stator comprises coils, in particular copper coils, which are supplied alternately by an electric current. This generates a rotating magnetic field.
• the rotor itself includes coils, permanent magnets or other magnetic materials, and is rotated by the rotating magnetic field.
• the power electronics (11), the stator (13) and the rotor (14) of a propulsion system (1) are parts whose structure is complex and generates a large amount of heat during engine operation. . It is therefore imperative to ensure cooling of the electric motor, and the power electronics.
• the bearing (12) generally integrated between the stator (13) and the rotor (14), is subjected to high mechanical stresses and poses fatigue wear problems. It is therefore necessary to lubricate the bearing in order to increase its service life.
• composition as described above makes it possible to lubricate the transmission, in particular the reducer, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• composition as described above can be used both as a lubricant and coolant for the engine, battery and transmission of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the invention relates to the use of a composition as described above for cooling the battery, the engine, and the power electronics to lubricate the engine and the transmission and to secure a fire propulsion system against fire.
• a composition as described above for cooling the battery, the engine, and the power electronics to lubricate the engine and the transmission and to secure a fire propulsion system against fire.
• an electric or hybrid vehicle, and in particular the battery for cooling the battery, the engine, and the power electronics to lubricate the engine and the transmission and to secure a fire propulsion system against fire.
• an electric or hybrid vehicle and in particular the battery.
• such a composition makes it possible to cool the power electronics and / or the rotor and / or the stator of the electric motor. It can also provide lubrication for the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the invention has the advantage of allowing the implementation of a single composition combining the cooling and lubrication properties of the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle as a whole.
• the invention also relates to the use of at least one diester of formula (I) in a composition comprising at least one base oil, to improve the non-flammable properties of the composition.
• the invention also relates to a method of cooling and lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle comprising at least one step of bringing at least one mechanical part of said system into contact, in particular at least one battery cell, in particular a Lithium-ion or Nickel-Cadmium battery, with a composition as defined above.
• the step of bringing into contact consists of immersion or semi-immersion, static or in circulation, of the battery in said composition or else by an injection of said composition on the surface of the battery.
• Cooling with a lubricant composition defined according to the invention can be implemented by any method known to those skilled in the art.
• the battery can be immersed or semi-immersed, static or in circulation, in said composition.
• the composition is injected by jet under fairly high pressure into the areas to be cooled of the propulsion system.
• the shear resulting from this injection makes it possible to reduce the viscosity of the fluid at the level of the injection zone, relative to the kinematic viscosity at rest, and thus, to further increase the cooling potential of the composition.
• the present invention also relates to a method of cooling and lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle as defined above in which the mechanical part is at least one battery, in immersion or semi-immersion , static or in circulation, in said composition or said composition is brought into direct contact with the batteries by injection, jet, by spraying or by formation of a mist from said composition under pressure and by gravity on the battery.
• oil circulation systems commonly used in electric motors can be used, as for example described in document WO 2015/116496.
• Example 1 Measurement of the rheological and thermal properties of diesters in accordance with the invention
• the rheological properties of the esters are quantified by measuring their kinematic viscosities at 40 ° C (KV40) and at 100 ° C (KV100), expressed in mm 2 / s, determined according to standard ASTM D445.
• the thermal properties of esters can be evaluated by measuring their thermal conductivity and their thermal capacity (or heat capacity).
• the thermal conductivity is measured according to standard ASTM D7896.
• the thermal capacity is measured according to standard ASTM El 269.
• diesters of formula (I) in accordance with the invention have rheological properties and values of thermal conductivity and thermal capacity allowing their use in a lubricating composition for the purposes of lubrication and cooling of the parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• Example 2 Measurement of Volatility of Diesters Compliant and Non-Compliant with the Invention
• thermogravimetric analysis ATG
• ASTM D6375 The volatility of the diesters is quantified by thermogravimetric analysis (ATG), more particularly carried out according to standard ASTM D6375.
• the diester to be tested is rapidly heated to a temperature between 247 ° C and 249 ° C and then maintained at this temperature.
• the thermogravimetric measuring device records the loss in mass, in percent, of the sample as a function of time, linked to its evaporation.
• diesters E2 and E3 defined above, in accordance with the invention were tested, as well as two diesters not in accordance with the invention, E8 and E9.
• the diesters E8 and E9 are obtained by esterification between triethylene glycol and respectively heptanoic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
• the diesters E2 and E3, in accordance with the invention, have longer evaporation times than the diesters E8 and E9 not in accordance with the invention.

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