WO2020001051A1 - 一种光伏系统 - Google Patents

一种光伏系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020001051A1
WO2020001051A1 PCT/CN2019/076593 CN2019076593W WO2020001051A1 WO 2020001051 A1 WO2020001051 A1 WO 2020001051A1 CN 2019076593 W CN2019076593 W CN 2019076593W WO 2020001051 A1 WO2020001051 A1 WO 2020001051A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
port
power
inverter
converter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/076593
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张先淼
唐挺
许飞
刘石川
郑小勇
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP19824995.5A priority Critical patent/EP3637581A1/en
Publication of WO2020001051A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020001051A1/zh
Priority to US16/739,031 priority patent/US20200144956A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/385—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular, to a photovoltaic system.
  • Photovoltaic systems are able to convert light energy into electricity and provide power to a three-phase grid.
  • a photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic inverter.
  • the DC port of the photovoltaic inverter is connected to the photovoltaic array, and the AC port is connected to the three-phase power grid.
  • the photovoltaic inverter can convert the direct current generated by the photovoltaic array to alternating current and output it to the three-phase grid. . Because the output power of photovoltaic arrays fluctuates greatly, most photovoltaic systems will use photovoltaic over-provisioning technology solutions, that is, the ratio between the theoretical output power of photovoltaic arrays and the conversion power of photovoltaic inverters is greater than 1: 1.
  • a photovoltaic inverter For a photovoltaic system using a photovoltaic over-provisioning scheme, when the output power of the photovoltaic array is good, the photovoltaic inverter cannot convert all the DC power output by the photovoltaic array into AC power and output it to a three-phase power grid, which causes a certain waste. Therefore, energy storage converters and batteries need to be added to photovoltaic systems to store excess energy in the batteries.
  • a photovoltaic inverter is respectively connected to a photovoltaic array and an energy storage converter, and a control instruction is provided to the energy storage converter according to the magnitude of the direct current power provided by the photovoltaic array. The instruction switches the energy storage path and the discharge path, thereby realizing the control of the storage and discharge of the battery.
  • the present application provides a photovoltaic system for improving the energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic system.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic system including a photovoltaic array, an energy storage converter, a storage battery, and a photovoltaic inverter.
  • the photovoltaic array is used to convert the absorbed light energy into direct current electric energy, and output the direct current to the energy storage converter.
  • the energy storage converter includes at least one photovoltaic port, at least one power storage port, and at least one inverter port. At least one photovoltaic port of the energy storage converter is connected to the photovoltaic array, at least one power storage port is connected to the battery, and at least one inverter The inverter port is connected to the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the energy storage converter is used to: when the electrical energy of the direct current generated in the photovoltaic array unit time is greater than the electrical energy required in the grid unit time, a part of the direct current input from the photovoltaic port passes through the inverter port Provided to the photovoltaic inverter, the other part of the direct current input from the photovoltaic port is stored in the battery through the storage port; when the direct current power generated by the photovoltaic array unit time is less than the power required by the grid unit time, the photovoltaic port will be The input DC power is provided as a part of the DC power to the photovoltaic inverter through the inverter port, and another part of the DC power is obtained from the storage battery through the power storage port and is provided to the photovoltaic inverter through the inverter port.
  • the battery is used to store the DC power provided by the energy storage converter or to provide the DC power to the energy storage converter.
  • the photovoltaic inverter includes at least one DC port and at least one AC port. At least one DC port of the photovoltaic inverter is connected to the inverter port of the energy storage converter. At least one AC port is connected to the power grid. The photovoltaic inverter is used to pass The DC port receives DC power from the energy storage converter, converts the DC power to AC power, and outputs the AC power to the power grid through the AC port.
  • the photovoltaic array is directly connected to the energy storage converter, and the energy storage converter directly controls the storage of the battery according to the size relationship between the direct current power generated by the photovoltaic array per unit time and the power required by the grid per unit time. Or discharge, eliminating the process of the photovoltaic inverter sending instructions to the energy storage converter, reducing the delay in controlling the battery to switch between the stored state and the discharged state, which is conducive to improving the energy utilization rate of the system.
  • the energy storage converter is further configured to: when the DC power generated per unit time of the photovoltaic array is greater than the power required per unit time of the grid, according to the unit time of the photovoltaic array The generated DC power is used to track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array.
  • a first instruction is sent to the photovoltaic inverter. The first instruction is used to trigger The photovoltaic inverter tracks the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array.
  • the energy storage converter since the energy storage converter is connected to the photovoltaic array and the photovoltaic inverter through different ports, the energy storage converter can more accurately determine the direct current power provided by the photovoltaic array for the energy storage converter per unit time. Energy value of the photovoltaic system, so that the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array can be tracked more accurately, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
  • the energy storage converter cannot track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array.
  • the energy storage converter can trigger the photovoltaic inverter through the first instruction. The maximum power point tracking function, the photovoltaic inverter to achieve the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic array.
  • the energy storage converter includes a control unit and multiple converter units; the control unit is connected to the multiple converter units, and is configured to: for any converter unit, according to The electrical energy required per unit time of the power grid determines the unit electrical energy that the converter unit needs to provide to the photovoltaic inverter within the unit time; the direct current power received from the photovoltaic port within the converter unit unit time is greater than the converter unit
  • the first control signal is provided to the converter unit; when the power of the direct current received from the photovoltaic port per unit time of the converter unit is less than the unit power of the converter unit, a second is provided to the converter unit Control signal; multiple converter units of the energy storage converter are connected to the photovoltaic ports and inverter ports of the energy storage converter one by one, and any converter unit is used to: DC power input from the port; when receiving the first control signal provided by the control unit, part of the direct current received from the corresponding photovoltaic port The electricity
  • multiple converter units of the energy storage converter are connected to the photovoltaic ports one by one, respectively, so that the energy storage converter can achieve a more detailed maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic array.
  • multiple converters The units are connected to multiple inverter ports one-to-one respectively, so that the energy storage converter can be connected to string photovoltaic inverters, which provides the basis for integrating string photovoltaic inverters in photovoltaic systems.
  • the converter unit includes an energy sensor, a first node, and a first DC converter; the first node is connected to an inverter port corresponding to the converter unit; the energy sensor, The photovoltaic port corresponding to the converter unit, the first node, and the control unit are respectively connected to detect the energy value of the direct current power received from the photovoltaic port and transmitted to the first node in a unit time, and provide the energy value to the control Unit; a first DC converter, respectively connected to the control unit, the first node, and the power storage port, for receiving a first control signal provided by the control unit, a part of the direct current flowing from the energy sensor to the first node passes The inverter port connected to the first node is provided to the photovoltaic inverter, and another part of the direct current flowing from the energy sensor to the first node is stored in the battery through the power storage port; or, when the second control signal provided by the control unit is received , The direct current flowing from the energy sensor to
  • the photovoltaic inverter includes an AC-DC converter, a plurality of second DC converters, an AC port, and a plurality of DC ports;
  • the DC converter is connected to multiple DC ports one by one, and any second DC converter is used to: receive the DC power provided by the energy storage converter from the corresponding DC port, boost the DC power, and provide the boosted DC power to AC-DC converter;
  • the AC-DC converter is connected to the AC port of the photovoltaic inverter and is used to: receive the boosted DC power provided by a plurality of second DC converters, convert the boosted DC power to AC power and pass the AC power The port outputs AC power to the grid.
  • the photovoltaic inverters in the system can be string-type photovoltaic inverters. Because string-type photovoltaic inverters track the maximum power point of photovoltaic arrays, they are more efficient than centralized photovoltaic inverters. Accurate and higher energy utilization rate, so the adoption of the above system architecture is beneficial to further improve the overall energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic system.
  • the energy storage converter is further configured to: after sending the first instruction to the photovoltaic inverter, send multiple electric energy information to the photovoltaic inverter; the multiple electric energy information is respectively Including the unit identification of multiple converter units, and the energy value of the direct-current electrical energy obtained from the battery in a unit time of the converter unit corresponding to the unit identification.
  • the target DC converter corresponding to the first inverter unit is determined according to the unit identifier of the inverter unit in the electric energy information; the first inverter unit is among a plurality of inverter units of the energy storage converter, Converter unit corresponding to the unit identification; the target DC converter is a second DC converter that receives the DC power provided by the first converter unit among the plurality of second DC converters of the photovoltaic inverter; determines the target DC converter unit The energy value of the DC power received from the corresponding DC port within time; according to the energy value in the power information and the target direct current The energy value of the DC power received by the converter from the corresponding DC port per unit time determines the energy value of the DC power provided by the first photovoltaic sub-array in the photovoltaic array to the energy storage converter per unit time; the first photovoltaic sub-array is Among the plurality of
  • the photovoltaic inverter can determine the electrical energy of the direct current provided to the energy storage converter by each photovoltaic sub-array connected to the energy storage converter in the photovoltaic array through multiple electrical energy information provided by the energy storage converter.
  • the energy value of the PV array can be tracked at the maximum power point of each PV sub-array, which not only preserves the finer maximum power point tracking characteristics of string photovoltaic inverters, but also compares with the existing energy storage converters.
  • each photovoltaic sub-array connected by the photovoltaic inverter to the energy storage converter is provided with the energy value of the direct current electric energy provided to the energy storage converter in a unit time.
  • the judgment is more accurate, which further improves the accuracy of maximum power point tracking.
  • the energy storage converter includes multiple photovoltaic ports, and the photovoltaic array includes multiple photovoltaic sub-arrays; the multiple photovoltaic sub-arrays and the multiple photovoltaic ports are connected one-to-one correspondingly;
  • the inverter includes a plurality of DC ports, and the energy storage converter includes a plurality of inverter ports; the plurality of DC ports are connected to the inverter ports one by one respectively.
  • the photovoltaic inverter includes a first photovoltaic inverter and a second photovoltaic inverter;
  • the photovoltaic array includes a plurality of photovoltaic sub-arrays and a plurality of additional sub-arrays;
  • a photovoltaic inverter includes a plurality of first DC ports. One part of the first DC port is connected to one of the inverter ports in the energy storage converter in a one-to-one correspondence, and the other part of the first DC port is added to a part of the photovoltaic array.
  • the sub-arrays are connected one-to-one;
  • the second photovoltaic inverter includes a plurality of second DC ports, and one part of the second DC port is connected one-to-one to another part of the inverter port in the energy storage converter, and the other part of the second DC
  • the ports are in one-to-one correspondence with the additional sub-arrays of another part of the photovoltaic array;
  • the first photovoltaic inverter is used to determine the energy value of the direct current power input from the first DC port connected to a part of the additional sub-array, and the energy value Provided to the energy storage converter;
  • a second photovoltaic inverter for determining the energy value of the direct current power input from the second DC port connected to another part of the additional sub-array And provide the energy value to the energy storage converter;
  • the energy storage converter is specifically used to determine the electrical energy and The electric energy of the second AC power required to be output by the second photovoltaic inverter per unit time; based on the
  • the electric energy of the first direct current determining the electric energy of the second direct current required by the second photovoltaic inverter per unit time according to the energy value provided by the second photovoltaic inverter and the electric energy of the second alternating current;
  • the input DC power is greater than the sum of the first DC power and the second DC power
  • a part of the DC power input from the photovoltaic port is provided to the first photovoltaic inverter and the second photovoltaic inverter through the inverter port,
  • the other part of the direct current input from the photovoltaic port is stored into the battery through the storage port;
  • the direct current input from the photovoltaic port in a unit time is less than the first
  • the direct current input from the photovoltaic port is provided as a part of the direct current to the first photovoltaic inverter and the second photovoltaic inverter through the inverter port, and from the power storage port
  • the battery obtains another part of the DC power and provides it to the first
  • the photovoltaic array includes a first photovoltaic array and a second photovoltaic array;
  • the energy storage converter includes a first energy storage converter and a second energy storage converter; and
  • the storage battery includes a first Battery and second battery;
  • the first photovoltaic port of the first energy storage converter is connected to the first photovoltaic array, the first inverter port is connected to a part of the DC port of the photovoltaic inverter, and the first power storage port is connected to the first battery Connection;
  • the second photovoltaic port of the second energy storage converter is connected to the second photovoltaic array, the second inverter port is connected to another DC port of the photovoltaic inverter, and the second power storage port is connected to the second storage battery;
  • An energy storage converter is used to determine the electrical energy of the third DC power to be provided to the photovoltaic inverter per unit time of the first energy storage converter and the unit time of the second energy storage converter according to the electrical energy of the AC power required per
  • the power of the DC power generated in the bit time is greater than the power of the third DC power
  • a part of the DC power input from the first photovoltaic port is provided to the photovoltaic inverter through the first inverter port, and another part is input from the first photovoltaic port.
  • the direct current is stored in the first storage battery through the first power storage port.
  • the direct current power generated in the first photovoltaic array unit time is less than the third direct current power, the direct current input from the first photovoltaic port passes through the first inverter as a part of the direct current.
  • the converter port is provided to the photovoltaic inverter, and another part of the DC power is obtained from the first storage battery through the first power storage port, and is provided to the photovoltaic inverter through the first inverter port; the second energy storage converter is used to: obtain the first The energy value of the fourth direct current power provided by the energy storage converter; when the direct current power generated in the second photovoltaic array unit time is greater than the fourth direct current power, a part of the direct current input from the second photovoltaic port passes the second inverse
  • the converter port is provided to the photovoltaic inverter, and another part of the direct current input from the second photovoltaic port passes through
  • the second storage port stores a second storage battery; when the DC power generated in the second photovoltaic array unit time is less than the fourth DC power, the DC power input from the second photovoltaic port passes through the second inverter port as a part of the DC power. It is provided to the photovoltaic inverter, and another portion of the DC power is obtained from the
  • the above storage battery may include a lead carbon battery, and / or a lithium iron phosphate battery, and / or a ternary lithium battery, and / or a sodium-sulfur battery, and / or a flow battery.
  • the electrical energy required per unit time of the power grid is determined by the energy storage converter according to a power supply instruction sent by the power grid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of a DC-coupled photovoltaic system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic system architecture according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic array structure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a centralized photovoltaic inverter
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a communication connection relationship between an energy storage converter and a power grid according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage converter according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage converter according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a string-type photovoltaic inverter
  • FIG. 9 is one of a schematic diagram of a possible photovoltaic system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a second schematic diagram of a possible photovoltaic system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a third schematic diagram of a possible photovoltaic system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of a DC-coupled photovoltaic system.
  • the photovoltaic system 100 includes a photovoltaic array 101, an energy storage converter 102, a storage battery 103, and a photovoltaic inverter 104.
  • the photovoltaic array 101 is connected to the photovoltaic inverter 104 and is configured to convert the absorbed light energy into direct current electric energy and output the direct current to the photovoltaic inverter 104.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 104 is respectively connected to the power grid and the energy storage converter 102, and is used to determine the power required per unit time of the power grid; when the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 101 per unit time is greater than the power required per unit time of the grid Sending a first control instruction to the energy storage converter 102; sending a second control instruction to the energy storage converter 102 when the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 101 per unit time is not greater than the power required per unit time of the grid, and, DC power is received from the photovoltaic array 101 and / or the energy storage converter 102, and the DC power is converted into AC power and output to the power grid.
  • the energy storage converter 102 is connected to the storage battery 103, and is used to store a part of the direct current generated by the photovoltaic array 101 into the storage battery 103 when receiving the first control instruction; when receiving the second control instruction, obtain a portion of the direct current from the storage battery 103 and Provided to the photovoltaic inverter 104.
  • the energy storage converter 102 controls the storage or discharge of the storage battery 103 according to the control instruction of the photovoltaic inverter 104. Since the process of the photovoltaic inverter 104 providing the control instruction to the energy storage converter 102 has With a certain time delay, the switching between the storage and discharge of the storage battery 103 is not timely enough, thereby further reducing the energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic system 100.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic system architecture according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a photovoltaic system 200 includes a photovoltaic array 201, an energy storage converter 202, a storage battery 203, and a photovoltaic inverter 204.
  • the energy storage converter 202 includes at least one inverter port 2021, at least one photovoltaic port 2022, and at least one power storage port 2023.
  • the energy storage converter 202 is connected to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through at least one inverter port 2021, connected to the photovoltaic array 201 through at least one photovoltaic port 2022, and connected to the storage battery 203 through at least one power storage port 2023 .
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 includes at least one DC port 2041 and AC port 2042.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 is connected to at least one inverter port 2021 of the energy storage converter through the at least one DC port 2041, and is connected to the power grid through the AC port 2042.
  • the photovoltaic array 201 converts the absorbed light energy into direct current power and outputs the direct current to the energy storage converter 202.
  • the energy storage converter 202 receives the DC power provided by the photovoltaic array 201 through the photovoltaic port 2022.
  • the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 201 per unit time is greater than the power required by the grid unit time, the energy storage converter 202 will receive power from the photovoltaic port 2022.
  • the energy storage converter 202 is in the photovoltaic array 201 unit time
  • the DC power input from the photovoltaic port 2022 is provided as a part of the DC power to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through the inverter port 2021, and from the storage battery 203 through the power storage port 2023
  • Another portion of the DC power is obtained and supplied to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through the inverter port 2021.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 receives DC power provided by the energy storage converter 202 through a DC port, converts the DC power to AC power, and outputs the AC power to the power grid through the AC port 2042.
  • connection relationship between the optical system 200 and the power grid in FIG. 2 is simplified and simplified.
  • other power grid equipment may be connected between the photovoltaic system 200 and the power grid.
  • the photovoltaic system 200 and the power grid may also be connected.
  • a transformer is connected, and the AC power provided by the photovoltaic system 200 is boosted by the transformer to achieve high-voltage transmission.
  • Such conventional techniques in the art are not limited in this application.
  • the photovoltaic array 201 is directly connected to the energy storage converter 202, and the energy storage changer 202 directly determines the direct current power generated by the photovoltaic array 201 per unit time and the power grid unit time required.
  • the magnitude relationship between the electrical energy controls the storage or discharge of the storage battery 203, eliminating the need for the photovoltaic inverter 204 to send instructions to the energy storage converter 202, and reducing the time required to control the storage battery 203 to switch between the storage and discharge states Delay, which can improve the energy efficiency of the system.
  • the photovoltaic array 201 may be an array structure composed of multiple photovoltaic cells, such as the photovoltaic array shown in FIG. 3, and each small square in FIG. 3 represents a photovoltaic cell.
  • a row of photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic array forms a photovoltaic string PV in parallel (see PV1 to PV18 in FIG. 3).
  • photovoltaic strings can be used as the basic unit for adjusting the light conversion efficiency of photovoltaic arrays.
  • the photovoltaic array 201 includes at least one photovoltaic sub-array, and any photovoltaic sub-array includes at least one photovoltaic string PV.
  • a photovoltaic string PV belonging to the same photovoltaic sub-array is connected to the same photovoltaic port 2022 in the energy storage converter 202, and belongs to photovoltaic groups of different photovoltaic sub-arrays
  • the string PV is connected to different photovoltaic ports 2022 in the energy storage converter 202.
  • the storage battery 203 may be a single storage battery or a storage battery cluster composed of multiple storage batteries.
  • the storage battery 203 may be one or more of lead-carbon batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, and flow batteries, which can be flexibly selected according to the actual application environment, cost budget, and so on. .
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 may be a centralized photovoltaic inverter.
  • the centralized photovoltaic inverter 400 shown in FIG. 4 is composed of a third direct current (DC / DC) converter 401 and an alternating current and direct current (DC / AC) converter 402, wherein the third DC / DC converter One end of 401 is connected to the DC terminal 2041 of the centralized photovoltaic inverter 400, and the other end is connected to the DC terminal of the DC / AC converter 402.
  • the third DC / DC converter 401 is used to receive the energy storage converter 202 from the DC terminal 2041.
  • the supplied DC power is boosted to the DC / AC converter 402.
  • the AC end of the DC / AC converter is connected to the AC port 2042 of the centralized photovoltaic inverter 400, and is used to convert the boosted DC power to AC power and output the AC power to the power grid through the AC port 2042.
  • the structure of the centralized photovoltaic inverter is simpler than the string photovoltaic inverter, and it is easier to integrate in the photovoltaic system.
  • the energy storage converter 202 controls the storage or discharge of the storage battery 203 according to the relative size relationship between the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 201 per unit time and the power required by the grid per unit time. : When the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 201 per unit time is greater than the power required by the grid per unit time, the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 201 per unit time still has a surplus in addition to the power required by the grid per unit time.
  • the energy storage converter 202 provides a part of the DC power input from the photovoltaic port 2022 to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through the inverter port 2021 to meet the power demand of the power grid.
  • the electric port 2023 is stored in the storage battery 203, so that the storage battery 203 stores the remaining power, which reduces the waste of the direct current power generated by the photovoltaic array 201, and improves the energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic system 200.
  • the photovoltaic array 201 unit time The generated DC power cannot meet the power demand of the grid.
  • the energy storage converter 202 supplies the DC power input from the photovoltaic port 2022 as a part of the DC power to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through the inverter port 2021, and from the battery through the power storage port 2023.
  • the DC power obtained from the storage battery 203 can compensate the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 2021 per unit time less than the power required per unit time of the power grid. The portion of electrical energy that meets the electrical energy needs of the grid.
  • the energy storage converter 202 can determine the power required per unit time of the power grid in at least two ways:
  • the energy storage converter 202 includes a number of preset values, which can be used as the amount of power required by the power grid per unit time. For example, during the working day, when the power consumption is small during the day, the energy storage converter 202 may use a lower preset value as the electrical energy required per unit time of the power grid. During the working day at night, the energy storage converter 202 may set a larger preset value. The value is taken as the electrical energy required per unit time of the grid.
  • the first method is easy to implement, and is more suitable for scenarios where the power supply of the grid is relatively simple.
  • the energy storage converter 202 and the power grid also include a wired or wireless communication connection, as shown by a dashed line between the energy storage converter 202 and the power grid.
  • the power grid sends a power supply instruction to the energy storage converter 202 periodically or in real time, and the energy storage converter 202 determines the electric energy required per unit time of the power grid according to the power supply instruction sent by the power grid.
  • the above second method is more accurate in judging the electric energy required per unit time of the power grid, and is especially suitable for scenarios where the power supply situation of the power grid is relatively complicated.
  • photovoltaic inverters In the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, photovoltaic inverters often perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) on photovoltaic arrays, which can significantly increase the output power of photovoltaic arrays, thereby improving the energy efficiency of photovoltaic systems.
  • MPPT maximum power point tracking
  • the direct current received by the photovoltaic inverter 104 is actually the direct current after the direct current coupling provided by the photovoltaic array 101 and the energy storage converter 102 respectively, so that the photovoltaic inverter 104 is subject to storage when tracking the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array 101.
  • the interference of the direct current provided by the energy converter 102 cannot accurately track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array 101, which is not conducive to the further improvement of the energy efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
  • the energy storage converter 202 in the photovoltaic system 200 shown in FIG. 2 also has a maximum power point tracking function.
  • the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic array 201 is performed according to the DC power generated in the unit time of the photovoltaic array 201;
  • the energy storage converter 202 sends a first instruction to the photovoltaic inverter 204, and the first instruction is used to trigger the photovoltaic inverter 204 to The array 201 performs maximum power point tracking.
  • the energy storage converter 202 since the energy storage converter 202 is connected to the photovoltaic array 201 and the photovoltaic inverter 204 through different ports, the energy storage converter 202 can more accurately determine that the photovoltaic array 201 is an energy storage converter per unit time.
  • the energy value of the direct current power provided by 202 can track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array 201 more accurately, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic system 200.
  • maximum power point tracking is achieved by a DC / DC converter in a photovoltaic inverter. Because the energy storage converter is used to obtain direct current from the battery or store the direct current in the battery, there is also a DC / DC converter in the energy storage converter to boost or step down the direct current. This application can use the energy storage converter DC / DC converter realizes the maximum power point tracking function of the energy storage converter. In the photovoltaic system 200 shown in FIG. 2, because the DC power generated in the unit time of the photovoltaic array 201 is less than the power required in the grid unit time, the energy storage converter 202 converts the DC power generated in the unit time of the photovoltaic array 201.
  • All output is provided to the photovoltaic inverter 204, and at the same time, DC power is obtained from the battery 203.
  • the DC / DC converter is used to transform the DC power obtained from the battery 203.
  • the DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 201 does not pass through energy storage.
  • DC / DC converter of converter 202 Therefore, when the DC power generated per unit time of photovoltaic array 201 is less than the power required per unit time of power grid, energy storage converter 202 cannot perform the maximum power point for photovoltaic array 201. track.
  • the first instruction is sent to the photovoltaic inverter 24
  • the maximum power point tracking function of the photovoltaic inverter 204 is triggered by the first instruction, and the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic array 201 is performed by the photovoltaic inverter 204.
  • the energy storage converter 600 includes a control unit 601 and a plurality of converter units 602 (as shown in the figures 602a, 602b, ..., 602f).
  • the control unit 601 is respectively connected to a plurality of converter units 602, and is configured to: for any converter unit 602, determine that the converter unit 602 needs to be invertered to the photovoltaic unit within a unit time according to the electrical energy required per unit time of the power grid.
  • the unit power provided by the converter when the direct current power received from the photovoltaic port 2022 in the converter unit 602 is greater than the unit power of the converter unit 602, a first control signal A1 is provided to the converter unit 602; When the power of the direct current received from the photovoltaic port 2022 by the converter unit 602 is less than the unit power of the converter unit 602, a second control signal A2 is provided to the converter unit 602.
  • the multiple converter units 602 of the energy storage converter 600 are respectively connected to the multiple photovoltaic ports 2022 and multiple inverter ports 2021 of the energy storage converter 600, one of the converter units 602 is used to: The DC power input from the corresponding photovoltaic port 2022; when receiving the first control signal A1 provided by the control unit 601, a part of the DC power received from the corresponding photovoltaic port 2022 is provided to the photovoltaic inverter through the corresponding inverter port 2021, The other part of the DC power input from the corresponding photovoltaic port 2022 is stored in the battery through the power storage port 2023; when receiving the second control signal A2 provided by the control unit 601, the DC power received from the corresponding photovoltaic port 2022 is taken as a part
  • the DC power is provided to the photovoltaic inverter through the corresponding inverter port 2021, and another part of the DC power is obtained from the battery through the power storage port 2023 and is provided to the photovoltaic inverter through the corresponding in
  • control unit 601 can determine the unit power of each converter unit 602 in a variety of feasible ways. For example, the control unit 601 averages the electric energy required per unit time of the power grid and the number of converter units 602, and the obtained average value is taken as the unit power of each converter unit 602. Obviously, the control unit 601 can also determine the unit power of each converter unit 602 in other more complicated ways, and this application does not give examples one by one.
  • the energy storage converter 202 in FIG. 2 is the energy storage converter 600 shown in FIG. 6, since a plurality of converter units 602 in the energy storage converter 202 are respectively connected to a plurality of photovoltaic ports 2022, the energy storage is performed.
  • the converter 2022 can track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic sub-array connected to the photovoltaic port 6022 corresponding to the converter unit 602 through any one of the multiple converter units 602, thereby improving the maximum power of the entire photovoltaic array. Point tracking accuracy.
  • multiple converter units 602 are respectively connected to multiple inverter ports 2021 in a one-to-one manner, so that the energy storage converter 202 can be connected to the string photovoltaic inverter 204 to integrate the string photovoltaic in the photovoltaic system.
  • the inverter 204 provides the foundation.
  • the converter unit 602 includes an energy sensor 6021, a first node N, and a first direct current (DC / DC) converter 6022.
  • the energy sensors 6021 are respectively connected to the photovoltaic port 6022 corresponding to the converter unit 602, the first node N and the control unit 601, and are used to detect the energy of the DC electric energy received from the photovoltaic port 6022 and transmitted to the first node N in a unit time. Value, and supplies the energy value to the control unit 601.
  • the first DC / DC converter is respectively connected to the control unit 601, the first node N, and the power storage port 2023, and is configured to flow from the energy sensor 6021 to the first when receiving the first control signal A1 provided by the control unit 601. Part of the DC power of the node N is stored in the battery through the storage port 2023, and the other part of the DC power flowing from the energy sensor 6021 to the first node N is provided to the photovoltaic inverter from the inverter port 2023 connected to the first node N;
  • the first DC / DC converter obtains a part of the direct current from the storage battery through the power storage port 2023 and provides it to the photovoltaic inverter from the inverter port 2023 connected to the first node N. And the DC power flowing from the energy sensor 6021 to the first node N will be provided as another part of the DC power to the photovoltaic inverter through the inverter port 2021 connected to the first node N.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 in FIG. 2 may also be a string-type photovoltaic inverter, as shown in FIG. 8 shown.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 800 includes an AC / DC (DC / AC) converter 802, a plurality of second DC converters 801 (such as 801a, 801b, ..., 801f in FIG. 8), an AC port 8042, and a plurality of DC ports 8041;
  • the plurality of second DC / DC converters 801 are respectively connected to the DC / AC converter 802 and the plurality of DC ports 2041 in a one-to-one manner.
  • Any second DC / DC converter 801 is configured to receive the storage from the corresponding DC port 2041.
  • the DC power provided by the energy converter 202 boosts the DC power and supplies the boosted DC power to the DC / AC converter 802.
  • the DC / AC converter 802 is connected to the AC port 2042 of the photovoltaic inverter 800, and is configured to: receive the boosted DC power provided by the plurality of second DC / DC converters 801, convert the boosted DC power into AC power, and AC power is output to the grid through AC port 2042.
  • string photovoltaic inverters Compared with centralized photovoltaic inverters, string photovoltaic inverters have higher maximum power point tracking accuracy.
  • the photovoltaic inverter tracks the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array, the maximum power point is guaranteed because the photovoltaic inverter is a string inverter. Tracking accuracy.
  • the string-type photovoltaic inverter in a photovoltaic system reference may be made to the specific implementation manners of the three photovoltaic systems provided later in this application.
  • the string-type photovoltaic inverter tracks the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array, it is necessary to determine the energy value of the direct current power generated by the photovoltaic array per unit time. Based on the photovoltaic system shown in FIG. 2, the energy storage converter 600 shown in FIG. 6, and the string-type photovoltaic inverter 800 shown in FIG. 8, the present application provides the following two feasible string-type photovoltaic inverters. Implementation of maximum power point tracking:
  • the energy storage converter 202 sends the first instruction to the photovoltaic inverter 204 to trigger the photovoltaic inverter 204 to track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array 201, it also sends the photovoltaic inverter 204 to the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the multiple electric energy information includes unit identifiers of a plurality of converter units 602, and the energy value of the direct current electric energy obtained from the battery 603 in a unit time of the corresponding converter unit 602, for example, electric energy Information 1 includes the unit identification of the converter unit 602a and the energy value Pa of the direct-current electrical energy obtained from the battery 3 in the unit time of the converter unit 602a; the energy information 2 includes the unit identification of the converter unit 602b and the unit time of the converter unit 602b The energy value Pb of the electric energy of the direct current obtained from the storage battery 3; ...; the electric energy information 6 includes a unit identification of the converter unit 602f and the energy value Pf of the direct current electric energy obtained from the storage battery 3 in a unit time of the converter unit 602f.
  • the target DC / DC corresponding to the first inverter unit 602g is determined according to the unit identification of the inverter unit 602 in the electric energy information.
  • Converter 801g the first converter unit 602g is the converter unit 602 corresponding to the unit identification among the multiple converter units 602 of the energy storage converter 202; the target DC converter 801g is the multiple first converter unit 602 Of the two DC / DC converters 801, a second DC / DC converter 801 that receives the direct current provided by the first converter unit 602g; determines the target DC / DC converter 801g that receives the direct current from the corresponding DC port 2041 in a unit time.
  • the energy value of the electric energy; the unit of the first photovoltaic sub-array 2011g in the photovoltaic array 201 is determined according to the energy value in the electric energy information and the energy value of the direct-current electric energy received from the corresponding DC port 2041 per unit time of the target DC / DC converter 801g
  • the energy value of the direct current electric energy provided to the energy storage converter 202 within time; the first photovoltaic sub-array 2011g is a plurality of photovoltaic sub-arrays 2011 of the photovoltaic array 201, which is the first variation Unit 602g photovoltaic sub-arrays provides DC 2011;
  • the energy value of the DC power converter 202 provides storage of the first photovoltaic sub-arrays within the unit time 2011g, 2011g of the first photovoltaic sub-array for maximum power point tracking.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 determines that the first converter unit 602g is the converter unit 602a in the energy storage converter 202 according to the unit identification in the power information 1.
  • the second DC / DC converter 801a receives the DC power provided by the converter unit 602a, so the second DC / DC converter 801a is the target DC / DC converter 801g.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 further determines the energy value of the DC power received by the second DC / DC converter 801a from the DC port 2041, according to the energy value of the DC power received by the second DC / DC converter 801a from the DC port and the power
  • the energy value of the DC electric energy obtained by the converter unit 602a from the battery 203 in the unit time in the information 1 can be used to determine the energy value of the DC electric energy provided by the photovoltaic array 201 in the unit time, and then the second DC / The DC converter 801a implements maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic sub-array connected to the converter unit 602a.
  • the power information may include a unit identifier of any converter unit 602 and an energy value of the DC power received by the converter unit 602 from the photovoltaic port 2022.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 After determining the target DC / DC converter 801g corresponding to the first converter unit 602g according to the unit identification of the converter unit 602 in the power information, the photovoltaic inverter 204 receives the converter unit 602g from the photovoltaic port 2022 according to the power information.
  • the energy value of the direct-current electrical energy determines the energy value of the direct-current electrical energy provided by the photovoltaic sub-array connected to the converter unit 602g in the photovoltaic array 201 in a unit time, and then the target DC / DC converter 801g can be passed.
  • the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic sub-array is realized.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 can determine each of the photovoltaic sub-arrays connected to the energy storage converter 202 in the photovoltaic array 201 through the plurality of electrical energy information provided by the energy storage converter 202 to the storage device in a unit time of 2011.
  • the energy value of the DC power provided by the energy converter 202 can further track the maximum power point of each photovoltaic sub-array 2011, which not only retains the more accurate maximum power point tracking of string photovoltaic inverters, but also, Compared with the existing system architecture in which the energy storage converter and the photovoltaic array are directly coupled on the DC side of the photovoltaic inverter, each photovoltaic sub-array connected to the energy storage converter 202 by the photovoltaic inverter 204 in the present application has a unit time of 2011 The determination of the energy value of the DC electric energy provided by the inward energy storage converter 202 is more accurate, and the accuracy of the maximum power point tracking is further improved.
  • the present application provides the following three feasible system architectures of a photovoltaic system including a string photovoltaic inverter.
  • FIG. 9 is one of schematic diagrams of a possible photovoltaic system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the energy storage converter 202 includes multiple photovoltaic ports 2022 (such as photovoltaic port 2022a in FIG. 9). , 2022b, ..., 2022f), the photovoltaic array 201 includes multiple photovoltaic sub-arrays 2011 (such as the photovoltaic sub-arrays 2011a, 2011b, ..., 2011f in FIG.
  • photovoltaic inverter 204 includes multiple DC ports 2041 (such as DC ports 2041a, 2041b, ..., 2041f in FIG. 9), and energy storage converter 202 includes multiple inverter ports (as shown in FIG. 9). Inverter ports 2021a, 2021b, ..., 2021f in 9); multiple DC ports 2041 and multiple inverter ports 2021 are connected one-to-one respectively.
  • the photovoltaic array 201 converts the absorbed light energy into direct current power and outputs the direct current to the energy storage converter 202.
  • the plurality of photovoltaic sub-arrays 2011 in the photovoltaic array 201 respectively provide power to the energy storage converter 202 through the photovoltaic port 2022 of the energy storage converter 202 to which they are connected.
  • the energy storage converter 202 receives the DC power provided by the multiple photovoltaic sub-arrays 2011 in the photovoltaic array 201 through multiple photovoltaic ports 2022.
  • the DC power provided by the photovoltaic array 201 per unit time is greater than the power required by the power grid per unit time
  • Part of the DC power provided by the photovoltaic array 201 per unit time is provided to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through multiple inverter ports 2021, and the other part of the DC power provided by the photovoltaic array 201 per unit time is stored into the storage battery 203 through the power storage port 2023.
  • Maximum power point tracking is performed on multiple photovoltaic sub-arrays 2011 in the photovoltaic array 201, respectively.
  • the DC power provided by the photovoltaic array 201 per time is provided as a part of the DC power to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through a plurality of inverter ports 2021
  • the DC power obtained from the battery 203 is provided as another part of the DC power to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through a plurality of inverter ports 2021, and at the same time, a first instruction is sent to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through a communication connection, and a plurality of electric energy information.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 receives DC power provided by the energy storage converter 202 through a plurality of DC ports 2041, converts the DC power to AC power, and outputs the AC power to the power grid through the AC port 2042. After receiving the first instruction, the maximum power point tracking function is turned on, and the maximum power point tracking is performed on a plurality of photovoltaic sub-arrays 2011 in the photovoltaic array 201 according to a plurality of electric energy information provided by the energy storage converter 202.
  • FIG. 10 is a second schematic diagram of a possible photovoltaic system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the photovoltaic inverter includes a first photovoltaic inverter 204A and a second photovoltaic inverter 204B.
  • the photovoltaic array 201 includes a plurality of photovoltaic sub-arrays 2011 and a plurality of additional sub-arrays 2012 (such as 2012a, 2012b, ..., 2012f in FIG. 10).
  • the first photovoltaic inverter 204A includes a plurality of first DC ports 2041A, a part of the first DC port 2041A is connected to a part of the inverter ports 2021 of the energy storage converter 202 in a one-to-one correspondence, and another part of the first DC Port 2041A is connected one-to-one with a part of the additional sub-array 2022 of the photovoltaic array 201;
  • the second photovoltaic inverter 204B includes a plurality of second DC ports 2041B, a portion of the second DC port 2041B and another part of the energy storage converter 202
  • the inverter ports 2021 are connected one-to-one, and the other part of the second DC port 2041B is connected one-to-one to the other sub-array 2022 of the photovoltaic array 201.
  • the first photovoltaic inverter 204A determines the DC power input from the first DC port 2041A connected to a part of the additional sub-array 2012 (such as 2012a, 2012b, and 2012c in FIG. 10).
  • the energy value of the electrical energy, and the energy value is provided to the energy storage converter 202 through a wired or wireless communication connection;
  • the second photovoltaic inverter 204B determines an additional sub-array 2012 with another part (as shown in 2012d, 2012e, and 2012f in FIG. 10)
  • the energy value of the DC electric energy input from the connected second DC port 2041B, and the energy value is provided to the energy storage converter 202 through a wired or wireless communication connection.
  • the energy storage converter 202 receives the energy value of the direct current power provided by the first photovoltaic inverter 204A and the energy value of the direct current power provided by the second photovoltaic inverter 204B through a communication connection, and performs the following operations:
  • Step 1 According to the electric energy required in a unit time of the power grid, determine the electric energy P1 of the first AC power required to be output by the first photovoltaic inverter 204A in a unit time and the first electric power required by the second photovoltaic inverter 204B in a unit time. Electric energy P2 of two alternating currents.
  • the energy storage converter 202 may allow the first photovoltaic inverter 204A and the second photovoltaic inverter 204B to share the electric energy required per unit time of the grid, or may be based on the conversion efficiency of the two photovoltaic inverters. It is determined that the two photovoltaic inverters respectively need to output AC power to the grid. For example, if the conversion efficiency of the first photovoltaic inverter 204A is significantly higher than that of the second photovoltaic inverter 204B, the first photovoltaic inverter 204A may Provide a larger portion of the electrical energy required by the grid.
  • Step 2 According to the energy value provided by the first photovoltaic inverter 204A and the electric energy of the first alternating current, determine the electric energy Pa1 of the first direct current required by the first photovoltaic inverter 204A per unit time.
  • the energy value provided by the first photovoltaic inverter 204A is the energy value of the direct current power provided by the additional sub-array 2012 connected to the first photovoltaic inverter 204A for the first photovoltaic inverter 204A.
  • the energy value of the DC power provided by the first photovoltaic inverter 204A is smaller than the energy P1 of the first AC power, the difference between the energy of the first AC power P1 and the energy of the DC power may be used as the first photovoltaic inversion.
  • the energy storage converter 202 does not need to provide direct current to the first photovoltaic inverter 204A, and it can be determined that the electric energy Pa1 of the first direct current is 0.
  • Step 3 According to the energy value provided by the second photovoltaic inverter 204B and the electric energy of the second alternating current, determine the electric energy Pb1 of the second direct current required by the second photovoltaic inverter 204B per unit time.
  • step three is similar to step two, and is not repeated here.
  • Step 4 When the direct current power input from the photovoltaic port 2022 is greater than the sum of the first direct current power Pa1 and the second direct current power Pa2 within a unit time, a part of the direct current input from the photovoltaic port 2022 is provided through the inverter port 2021
  • the direct current input from the photovoltaic port 2022 is less than the first
  • the direct current input from the photovoltaic port 2022 is provided as a part of the direct current to the first photovoltaic inverter 204A and the second photovoltaic inverter 204B through the inverter port 2021. And obtain another part of the DC power from the storage battery 203 through the power storage port 2023 and
  • the energy storage converter 202 supplies DC power to the first photovoltaic inverter 204A and the second photovoltaic inverter 204B through a plurality of inverter ports 2021, which may specifically be implemented by communicating with the first photovoltaic inverter
  • the inverter port 2021 connected to 204A provides the first photovoltaic inverter 204A with a direct current having an energy value of Pa1 per unit of time.
  • the inverter port 2021 connected to the second photovoltaic inverter 204B inverts the second photovoltaic inverter.
  • the transformer 204B provides DC power with an energy value of Pb1 per unit time.
  • the energy storage converter 202 may also pass the multiple photovoltaic ports 2022 to the photovoltaic array 201
  • the multiple photovoltaic sub-arrays 2011 respectively track the maximum power point
  • the first photovoltaic inverter 204A performs the maximum power point tracking on the additional sub-arrays 2012a, 2012b, and 2012c connected to it
  • the second photovoltaic inverter 204B performs the maximum power point tracking.
  • the connected additional sub-arrays 2012d, 2012e, and 2012f perform maximum power point tracking, respectively.
  • the first photovoltaic inverter 204A pairs the additional sub-arrays 2012a, 2012b and 2012c, and part of the photovoltaic sub-array 2011 is tracked at the maximum power point; the second photovoltaic inverter 204B is used for the additional sub-arrays 2012d, 2012e, and 2012f connected to it, and another part of the photovoltaic sub-array 2011 is performed at the maximum power point. track.
  • FIG. 11 is a third schematic diagram of a possible photovoltaic system architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the photovoltaic array includes a first photovoltaic array 201A and a second photovoltaic array 201B
  • the energy storage converter includes a first energy storage The converter 202A and the second energy storage converter 202B
  • the storage battery includes a first storage battery 203A and a second storage battery 203B.
  • the first photovoltaic port 2021A of the first energy storage converter 202A is connected to the first photovoltaic array 201A, the first inverter port 2021A is connected to a part of the DC port 2041 of the photovoltaic inverter 204, and the first power storage port 2023A is connected to the first The battery 203A is connected.
  • the second photovoltaic port 2022B of the second energy storage converter 202B is connected to the second photovoltaic array 201B, the second inverter port 2021B is connected to another DC port 2041 of the photovoltaic inverter 204, and the second power storage port 2023B is connected to the first Two storage batteries 203 are connected.
  • the first energy storage converter 202A performs the following steps:
  • Step 1 Determine the third direct current power P3 that the first energy storage converter 202A needs to provide to the photovoltaic inverter 202 and the second energy storage converter unit 202B according to the power required in the unit time of the power grid.
  • the fourth direct current power P4 is provided to the photovoltaic inverter 202, and the energy value of the fourth direct current power P4 is provided to the second energy storage converter 202B through a communication connection.
  • the first energy storage converter 202A is used as a master energy storage converter
  • the second energy storage converter 202B is used as a slave energy storage converter.
  • the first energy storage converter 202A determines the third DC power P3 and the fourth DC power P4 that the first energy storage converter 202A and the second energy storage converter 202B need to provide to the photovoltaic inverter 204.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 can convert the received DC power into AC power and output it to the power grid. Therefore, without considering factors such as loss, the sum of the third DC power P3 and the fourth DC power P4 can be the power required per unit time of the power grid. .
  • Step 2 When the direct current power generated by the first photovoltaic array 201A per unit time is greater than the third direct current power P3, a part of the direct current input from the first photovoltaic port 2022A is provided to the photovoltaic inverter through the first inverter port 2021A.
  • the generator 204 stores another portion of the DC power input from the first photovoltaic port 2022A into the first storage battery 203A through the first power storage port 2023A; the DC power generated in the unit time of the first photovoltaic array 201A is less than the power of the third DC power P3 At this time, the DC power input from the first photovoltaic port 2022A is provided as a part of the DC power to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through the first inverter port 2021A, and another part of the DC energy is obtained from the first storage battery 203A through the first power storage port 2023A.
  • the first inverter port 2021A is provided to the photovoltaic inverter 204.
  • the second energy storage converter performs the following steps:
  • Step 1 Obtain the energy value of the fourth DC power P4 provided by the first energy storage converter 202A.
  • Step 2 When the direct current power generated by the second photovoltaic array 201B per unit time is greater than the fourth direct current power P4, a part of the direct current input from the second photovoltaic port 2022B is provided to the photovoltaic inverter through the second inverter port 2021B.
  • the generator 204 stores another part of the DC power input from the second photovoltaic port 2022B into the second storage battery 203B through the second power storage port 2023B; the DC power generated in the unit time of the second photovoltaic array 201B is less than the power of the fourth DC power P4 At this time, the DC power input from the second photovoltaic port 2022B is provided as a part of the DC power to the photovoltaic inverter 204 through the second inverter port 2021B, and another part of the DC power is obtained from the second storage battery 203B through the second power storage port 2023B and passed through the first
  • the two inverter ports 2021B are provided to the photovoltaic inverter 204.
  • the first energy storage converter 202A will also perform maximum power on multiple photovoltaic sub-arrays in the first photovoltaic array 201A.
  • Point tracking When the electric energy of the direct current generated in the first photovoltaic array 201A per unit time is smaller than the electric energy P3 of the third direct current, the photovoltaic inverter 204 performs maximum power point tracking on a plurality of photovoltaic sub-arrays in the first photovoltaic array 201A.
  • the second energy storage converter 202B will also maximize the plurality of photovoltaic sub-arrays in the second photovoltaic array 201B. Power point tracking.
  • the photovoltaic inverter 204 performs maximum power point tracking on a plurality of photovoltaic sub-arrays in the second photovoltaic array 201B.

Abstract

本申请公开了一种光伏系统，以提高能量利用率。该系统包括光伏阵列、储能变换器、蓄电池和光伏逆变器，其中，储能变换器分别与光伏阵列、蓄电池和光伏逆变器连接，用于：在光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，将输入的一部分直流电提供给光伏逆变器，将另一部分直流电存入蓄电池；在光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，将输入的直流电作为一部分直流电提供给光伏逆变器，并从蓄电池获取另一部分直流电提供给光伏逆变器。由于省去了光伏逆变器向储能变换器发送控制指令的过程，使得储能变换器控制蓄电池蓄电状态和放电状态之间的切换更为及时，有利于提高了能量利用率。

Description

一种光伏系统
本申请要求在2018年6月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810699706.X、发明名称为“一种光伏系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及光伏发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种光伏系统。
背景技术
光伏系统能够将光能转化为电能，并为三相电网供电。一般，光伏系统中包括光伏逆变器，光伏逆变器的直流端口与光伏阵列连接，交流端口与三相电网连接，光伏逆变器可以将光伏阵列产生的直流电转换交流电后输出给三相电网。由于光伏阵列的输出功率波动较大，因此大多数光伏系统会采用光伏超配的技术方案，即光伏阵列的理论输出功率与光伏逆变器的转换功率之间的比值大于1:1。
对于采用光伏超配方案的光伏系统，在光伏阵列输出功率良好的情况下，光伏逆变器无法将光伏阵列输出的所有直流电转换为交流电并输出给三相电网，这便造成了一定的浪费，因此，需要在光伏系统中增加储能变换器和蓄电池，以在蓄电池中存储多余的能量。在一种现有的光伏系统中，光伏逆变器分别与光伏阵列和储能变换器连接，根据光伏阵列提供的直流电的电能的大小向储能变换器提供控制指令，储能变换器根据控制指令进行储能路径和放电路径的切换，从而实现对蓄电池蓄电和放电的控制。
然而，光伏逆变器向储能变换器提供控制指令的过程具有一定时延，使控制蓄电池蓄电和放电的切换不够及时，造成光伏系统的能量利用率下降，因此，现有的具备储能功能的光伏系统能量利用率还有待进一步提升。
发明内容
本申请提供一种光伏系统，用以提高光伏系统的能量利用率。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种光伏系统，包括：光伏阵列、储能变换器、蓄电池和光伏逆变器。其中，光伏阵列用于将吸收的光能转化为直流电的电能，并将直流电输出给储能变换器。储能变换器包括至少一个光伏端口、至少一个蓄电端口和至少一个逆变器端口，储能变换器的至少一个光伏端口与光伏阵列连接，至少一个蓄电端口与蓄电池连接，至少一个逆变器端口与光伏逆变器连接，储能变换器用于：在光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，将从光伏端口输入的一部分直流电通过逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器，将从光伏端口输入的另一部分直流电通过蓄电端口存入蓄电池；在光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，将从光伏端口输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器，并通过蓄电端口从蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器。蓄电池用于存储储能变换器提供的直流电或为储能变换器提供直流电。光伏逆变器包括至少一个直流端口和至少一个交流端口，光伏逆变器的至少一个直流端口与储能变换器的逆变器端口连接，至少一个交流端口与电网连接，光伏逆变器用于通过直流端口从储能变换器接收直流电， 将直流电变换为交流电后通过交流端口将交流电输出给电网。
采用以上系统架构，光伏阵列与储能变换器直接连接，由储能变换器直接根据光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能与电网单位时间内所需的电能之间的大小关系控制蓄电池蓄电或放电，省去了光伏逆变器向储能变换器发送指令的过程，降低了控制蓄电池在蓄电状态和放电状态之间切换的时延，从而有利于提高系统的能量利用率。
基于上述第一方面，一种可能的实现方式中，储能变换器还用于：在光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，根据光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪；在光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内的电能时，向光伏逆变器发送第一指令，第一指令用于触发光伏逆变器对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪。
采用以上系统架构，由于储能变换器通过不同的端口分别与光伏阵列和光伏逆变器连接，因此储能变换器可以较为准确地确定光伏阵列单位时间内为储能变换器提供的直流电的电能的能量值，从而可以更精确地跟踪光伏阵列的最大功率点，进而提高光伏系统的能量利用率。在光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，储能变换器无法对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪，储能变换器可以通过第一指令触发光伏逆变器的最大功率点跟踪功能，由光伏逆变器实现对光伏阵列的最大功率点跟踪。
基于上述第一方面，一种可能的实现方式中，储能变换器包括控制单元和多个变换器单元；控制单元，与多个变换器单元连接，用于：针对任一变换器单元，根据电网单位时间内所需的电能，确定该变换器单元在单位时间内需要向光伏逆变器提供的单元电能；在该变换器单元单位时间内从光伏端口接收的直流电的电能大于该变换器单元的单元电能时，向该变换器单元提供第一控制信号；在该变换器单元单位时间内从光伏端口接收的直流电的电能小于该变换器单元的单元电能时，向该变换器单元提供第二控制信号；储能变换器的多个变换器单元，分别与储能变换器的多个光伏端口、多个逆变器端口一一对应连接，任一变换器单元用于：接收从对应的光伏端口输入的直流电；在收到控制单元提供的第一控制信号时，将从对应的光伏端口接收的一部分直流电通过对应的逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器，将从对应的光伏端口输入的另一部分直流电通过蓄电端口存入蓄电池；在收到所述控制单元提供的第二控制信号时，将从对应的光伏端口接收的直流电作为一部分直流电通过对应的逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器，并通过蓄电端口从蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过对应的逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器。
采用以上系统架构，储能变换器多个变换器单元分别与多个光伏端口一一对应连接，使得储能变换器可以实现对光伏阵列更为精细的最大功率点跟踪，而且，多个变换器单元分别与多个逆变器端口一一对应连接，使得储能变换器可以与组串式光伏逆变器连接，为在光伏系统中集成组串式光伏逆变器提供了基础。
基于上述第一方面，一种可能的实现方式中，变换器单元包括能量传感器、第一节点和第一直流转换器；第一节点与变换器单元对应的逆变器端口连接；能量传感器，分别与变换器单元对应的光伏端口、第一节点和控制单元连接，用于检测单位时间内从光伏端口接收、向第一节点传递的直流电的电能的能量值，并将该能量值提供给控制单元；第一直流转换器，分别与控制单元、第一节点和蓄电端口连接，用于在接收到控制单元提供的第一控制信号时，将从能量传感器流向第一节点的一部分直流电通过第一节点连接的逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器，将从能量传感器流向第一节点的另一部分直流电通过蓄电端口存 入蓄电池；或，在接收到控制单元提供的第二控制信号时，将从能量传感器流向第一节点的直流电作为一部分直流电通过第一节点连接的逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器，并通过蓄电端口从蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过第一节点连接的逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器。
在上述系统架构中，提供了一种储能变换器的具体实现结构。
基于上述第一方面，一种可能的实现方式中，光伏逆变器包括交直流转换器、多个第二直流转换器、交流端口和多个直流端口；多个第二直流转换器分别与交直流转换器和多个直流端口一一对应连接，任一第二直流转换器用于：从对应的直流端口接收储能变换器提供的直流电，对直流电进行升压并将升压后的直流电提供给交直流转换器；交直流转换器与光伏逆变器的交流端口连接，用于：接收多个第二直流转换器提供的升压后的直流电，将升压后的直流电转换为交流电并通过交流端口将交流电输出给电网。
采用上述系统架构，系统中的光伏逆变器可以为组串式光伏逆变器，由于组串式光伏逆变器在对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪时，比集中式光伏逆变器更为精确，能量利用率更高，因此采用上述系统架构有利于进一步提高光伏系统整体的能量利用率。
基于上述第一方面，一种可能的实现方式中，储能变换器还用于：在向光伏逆变器发送第一指令之后，向光伏逆变器发送多个电能信息；多个电能信息分别包括多个变换器单元的单元标识，以及单元标识对应的变换器单元单位时间内从蓄电池获取的直流电的电能的能量值；光伏逆变器对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪时，具体用于：针对任一电能信息，根据电能信息中变换器单元的单元标识，确定第一变换器单元对应的目标直流转换器；第一变换器单元为所述储能变换器的多个变换器单元中，与单元标识对应的变换器单元；目标直流转换器为光伏逆变器的多个第二直流转换器中，接收第一变换器单元提供的直流电的第二直流转换器；确定目标直流转换器单位时间内从对应的直流端口接收的直流电的电能的能量值；根据电能信息中的能量值以及目标直流转换器单位时间内从对应的直流端口接收的直流电的电能的能量值，确定光伏阵列中第一光伏子阵列单位时间内向储能变换器提供的直流电的电能的能量值；第一光伏子阵列为光伏阵列的多个光伏子阵列中，为第一变换器单元提供直流电的光伏子阵列；根据第一光伏子阵列单位时间内向储能变换器提供的直流电的电能的能量值，对第一光伏子阵列进行最大功率点跟踪。
采用上述系统架构，光伏逆变器可以通过储能变换器提供的多个电能信息分别确定光伏阵列中与储能变换器连接的每一个光伏子阵列单位时间内向储能变换器提供的直流电的电能的能量值，进而可以对每一个光伏子阵列进行最大功率点跟踪，不仅保存了组串式光伏逆变器更精细的最大功率点跟踪的特点，而且，相较于现有的储能变换器与光伏阵列在光伏逆变器直流侧直接耦合的系统架构，本申请中光伏逆变器对储能变换器连接的每一个光伏子阵列单位时间内向储能变换器提供的直流电的电能的能量值的判断更为准确，进一步提高了最大功率点跟踪的精度。
基于上述第一方面，一种可能的实现方式中，储能变换器包括多个光伏端口，光伏阵列包括多个光伏子阵列；多个光伏子阵列与多个光伏端口分别一一对应连接；光伏逆变器包括多个直流端口，储能变换器包括多个逆变器端口；多个直流端口与多个逆变器端口分别一一对应连接。
本申请提供的一种具体可能的储能变换器、光伏逆变器和光伏阵列之间的连接关系。
基于上述第一方面，一种可能的实现方式中，光伏逆变器包括第一光伏逆变器和第二光伏逆变器；光伏阵列包括多个光伏子阵列和多个附加子阵列；第一光伏逆变器，包括多 个第一直流端口，一部分第一直流端口与储能变换器中的一部分逆变器端口一一对应连接，另一部分第一直流端口与光伏阵列的一部分附加子阵列一一对应连接；第二光伏逆变器，包括多个第二直流端口，一部分第二直流端口与储能变换器中的另一部分逆变器端口一一对应连接，另一部分第二直流端口与光伏阵列的另一部分附加子阵列一一对应连接；第一光伏逆变器，用于确定与一部分附加子阵列连接的第一直流端口输入的直流电的电能的能量值，并将能量值提供给储能变换器；第二光伏逆变器，用于确定与另一部分附加子阵列连接的第二直流端口输入的直流电的电能的能量值，并将能量值提供给储能变换器；储能变换器具体用于：根据电网单位时间内所需的电能，确定第一光伏逆变器单位时间内所需输出的第一交流电的电能和第二光伏逆变器单位时间内所需输出的第二交流电的电能；根据第一光伏逆变器提供的能量值和第一交流电的电能，确定第一光伏逆变器单位时间内所需的第一直流电的电能；根据第二光伏逆变器提供的能量值和第二交流电的电能，确定第二光伏逆变器单位时间内所需的第二直流电的电能；在单位时间内从光伏端口输入的直流电的电能大于第一直流电的电能和第二直流电的电能之和时，将从光伏端口输入的一部分直流电通过逆变器端口提供给第一光伏逆变器和第二光伏逆变器，将从光伏端口输入的另一部分直流电通过蓄电端口存入蓄电池；在单位时间内从光伏端口输入的直流电的电能小于第一直流电的电能和第二直流电的电能之和时，将从光伏端口输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过逆变器端口提供给第一光伏逆变器和第二光伏逆变器，并通过蓄电端口从蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过逆变器端口提供给第一光伏逆变器和第二光伏逆变器。
采用上述系统架构，在单个光伏逆变器的转换效率和光伏阵列理论发光效率一定的情况下，可以实现更低的超配比。
基于上述第一方面，一种可能的实现方式中，光伏阵列包括第一光伏阵列和第二光伏阵列；储能变换器包括第一储能变换器和第二储能变换器；蓄电池包括第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池；第一储能变换器的第一光伏端口与第一光伏阵列连接，第一逆变器端口与光伏逆变器的一部分直流端口连接，第一蓄电端口与第一蓄电池连接；第二储能变换器的第二光伏端口与第二光伏阵列连接，第二逆变器端口与光伏逆变器的另一部分直流端口连接，第二蓄电端口与第二蓄电池连接；第一储能变换器用于：根据电网单位时间内所需的交流电的电能确定第一储能变换器单位时间内需要向光伏逆变器提供的第三直流电的电能和第二储能变换器单位时间内需要向光伏逆变器提供的第四直流电的电能，并将第四直流电的电能的能量值提供给第二储能变换器；在第一光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于第三直流电的电能时，将从第一光伏端口输入的一部分直流电通过第一逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器，将从第一光伏端口输入的另一部分直流电通过第一蓄电端口存入第一蓄电池；在第一光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于第三直流电的电能时，将从第一光伏端口输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过第一逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器，并通过第一蓄电端口从第一蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过第一逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器；第二储能变换器用于：获取第一储能变换器提供的第四直流电的电能的能量值；在第二光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于第四直流电的电能时，将从第二光伏端口输入的一部分直流电通过第二逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器，将从第二光伏端口输入的另一部分直流电通过第二蓄电端口存入第二蓄电池；在第二光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于第四直流电的电能时，将从第二光伏端口输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过第二逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器，并通过第二蓄电端口从第二蓄电池获取另一部分直流电 通过第二逆变器端口提供给光伏逆变器。
采用上述系统架构，在光伏逆变器的转换效率和单个光伏阵列理论发光效率一定的情况下，可以实现更高的超配比。
上述蓄电池可以包括铅碳电池，和/或，磷酸铁锂电池，和/或，三元锂电池，和/或，钠硫电池，和/或，液流电池。
一种可能的实现方式中，所述电网单位时间内所需的电能是所述储能变换器根据所述电网发送的供电指令确定的。
附图说明
图1为一种直流耦合光伏系统的系统架构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种光伏系统架构示意图；
图3为一种光伏阵列结构示意图；
图4为一种集中式光伏逆变器结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种储能变换器与电网之间通信连接关系示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种储能变换器结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种储能变换器结构示意图；
图8为一种组串式光伏逆变器结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种可能的光伏系统架构示意图之一；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种可能的光伏系统架构示意图之二；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种可能的光伏系统架构示意图之三。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请实施例作进一步详细描述。
图1为一种直流耦合光伏系统的系统架构示意图，如图1所示，光伏系统100包括光伏阵列101、储能变换器102、蓄电池103和光伏逆变器104。其中，光伏阵列101与光伏逆变器104连接，用于将吸收的光能转化为直流电的电能并将直流电输出给光伏逆变器104。光伏逆变器104，分别与电网和储能变换器102连接，用于确定电网单位时间内所需的电能；在光伏阵列101单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于电网单位时间内所需电能时，向储能变换器102发送第一控制指令；在光伏阵列101单位时间内产生的直流电的电能不大于电网单位时间内所需电能时，向储能变换器102发送第二控制指令，以及，从光伏阵列101和/或储能变换器102接收直流电，将直流电转化为交流电后输出给电网。储能变换器102与蓄电池103连接，用于在收到第一控制指令时，将光伏阵列101产生的一部分直流电存入蓄电池103；在收到第二控制指令时，从蓄电池103获取一部分直流电并提供给光伏逆变器104。
对于图1所示的光伏系统100，储能变换器102根据光伏逆变器104的控制指令控制蓄电池103蓄电或放电，由于光伏逆变器104向储能变换器102提供控制指令的过程具有一定时延，使蓄电池103蓄电和放电的切换不够及时，进而使光伏系统100的能量利用率下降。
基于此，本申请实施例提供了一种光伏系统架构。图2为本申请实施例提供的一种光 伏系统架构示意图，如图2所示，光伏系统200包括：光伏阵列201、储能变换器202、蓄电池203和光伏逆变器204。其中，储能变换器202包括至少一个逆变器端口2021、至少一个光伏端口2022和至少一个蓄电端口2023。在光伏系统200中，储能变换器202通过至少一个逆变器端口2021与光伏逆变器204连接，通过至少一个光伏端口2022与光伏阵列201连接，通过至少一个蓄电端口2023与蓄电池203连接。光伏逆变器204包括至少一个直流端口2041和交流端口2042，光伏逆变器204通过至少一个直流端口2041与储能变换器的至少一个逆变器端口2021连接，通过交流端口2042与电网连接。
在光伏系统200为电网供电时，光伏阵列201将吸收的光能转化为直流电的电能，并将直流电输出给储能变换器202。储能变换器202通过光伏端口2022接收光伏阵列201提供的直流电；在光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，储能变换器202将从光伏端口2022输入的一部分直流电通过逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器204，将从光伏端口2022输入的另一部分直流电通过蓄电端口2023存入蓄电池203；储能变换器202在光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，将从光伏端口2022输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器204，并通过蓄电端口2023从蓄电池203获取另一部分直流电通过逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器204。光伏逆变器204通过直流端口接收储能变换器202提供的直流电，将直流电变换为交流电后通过交流端口2042将交流电输出给电网。
应理解，图2中光学系统200与电网之间的连接关系为简化示意，具体实现时，光伏系统200与电网之间还可以连接有其它电网设备，例如，光伏系统200与电网之间还可以接有变压器，由变压器对光伏系统200提供的交流电进行升压以实现高压输送等，此类本领域常规技术本申请对此并不多作限制。
在图2所示的光伏系统200中，光伏阵列201与储能变换器202直接连接，由储能变化器202直接根据光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能与电网单位时间内所需的电能之间的大小关系控制蓄电池203蓄电或放电，省去了光伏逆变器204向储能变换器202发送指令的过程，降低了控制蓄电池203在蓄电状态和放电状态之间切换的时延，从而能够提高系统的能量利用率。
在图2所示的光伏系统200中，光伏阵列201可以是由多个光伏电池组成的阵列结构，如图3所示的光伏阵列，图3中每一个小方格代表一个光伏电池。光伏阵列中的一行光伏电池并联构成一个光伏组串PV(如图3中PV1～PV18)。一般情况下，光伏组串可以作为调节光伏阵列光转化效率的基本单位。在本申请所提供的光伏系统200中，光伏阵列201包括至少一个光伏子阵列，任一光伏子阵列包括至少一个光伏组串PV。在光伏阵列中的光伏子阵列与储能变换器102连接时，属于同一光伏子阵列的光伏组串PV与储能变换器202中的同一个光伏端口2022连接，属于不同光伏子阵列的光伏组串PV与储能变换器202中的不同的光伏端口2022连接。
在图2所示的光伏系统200中，蓄电池203可以是单个的蓄电池，也可以是由多个蓄电池组成的蓄电池集群。具体实施时，蓄电池203可以是铅碳电池、磷酸铁锂电池、三元锂电池、钠硫电池、液流电池中的一种或多种的组合，可根据实际应用环境、成本预算等灵活选择。
在图2所示的光伏系统200中，光伏逆变器204可以是集中式光伏逆变器。如图4所 示的集中式光伏逆变器400，由一个第三直流(DC/DC)转换器401和一个交直流(DC/AC)转换器402构成，其中，第三DC/DC转换器401一端与集中式光伏逆变器400的直流端子2041连接，另一端与DC/AC转换器402的直流端连接，第三DC/DC转换器401用于从直流端子2041接收储能变换器202提供的直流电，并对直流电升压后提供给DC/AC转换器402。DC/AC转换器的交流端与集中式光伏逆变器400的交流端口2042连接，用于将升压后的直流电转换为交流电并通过交流端口2042将交流电输出给电网。集中式光伏逆变器的结构较组串式光伏逆变器更为简单，比较容易集成在光伏系统中。
在图2所示的光伏系统200中，储能变换器202根据光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能与电网单位时间内所需的电能之间的相对大小关系控制蓄电池203蓄电或放电：在光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能在满足电网单位时间内所需的电能之外仍有剩余，储能变换器202将从光伏端口2022输入的一部分直流电通过逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器204，以满足电网的电能需求，同时，将从光伏端口2022输入的另一部分直流电通过蓄电端口2023存入蓄电池203，使蓄电池203存入剩余电能，减少对光伏阵列201所产生的直流电的电能的浪费，提高光伏系统200的能量利用率；在光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，此时光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能无法满足电网的电能需求，储能变换器202将从光伏端口2022输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器204，并通过蓄电端口2023从蓄电池203获取另一部分直流电并通过逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器204，从蓄电池203获取的直流电的电能可以补偿光伏阵列2021单位时间内产生的直流电的电能少于电网单位时间能所需的电能的部分，从而满足电网的电能需求。
在图2所示的光伏系统200中，储能变换器202至少可以通过以下两种方式确定电网单位时间所需的电能：
方式一，储能变换器202内部包括若干预设值，可以作为电网单位时间内所需的电量。例如，工作日白天用电量少，储能变换器202可以将较低预设值作为电网单位时间内需求的电能，工作日晚上用电量高，储能变换器202可以将较大预设值作为电网单位时间内所需的电能。上述方式一易于实现，比较适用于电网供电情况较为简单的场景。
方式二，储能变换器202与电网之间还包括有线或无线的通信连接，如图5中储能变换器202与电网之间的虚线所示。电网周期或实时向储能变换器202发送供电指令，储能变换器202根据电网发送的供电指令确定电网单位时间内所需的电能。上述方式二，对电网单位时间内所需的电能判断更为准确，尤其适用于电网供电情况比较复杂的场景。
在光伏发电技术领域，多由光伏逆变器对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking，MPPT)，可以显著提高光伏阵列的输出功率，进而提高光伏系统的能量利用率。然而，由图1所示的直流耦合光伏系统架构可见，光伏阵列101所提供的直流电和储能变换器102所提供的直流电在光伏逆变器104的直流侧耦合后输入光伏逆变器104，光伏逆变器104所接收的直流电实际为光伏阵列101和储能变换器102分别提供的直流电耦合之后的直流电，使得光伏逆变器104在对光伏阵列101进行最大功率点跟踪时，会受到储能变换器102所提供的直流电的干扰，从而无法准确跟踪光伏阵列101的最大功率点，不利于光伏系统能量利用率的进一步提升。
基于此，在一种可行的实现方式中，图2所示光伏系统200中储能变换器202还具有 最大功率点跟踪功能。储能变换器202在光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，根据光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能对光伏阵列201进行最大功率点跟踪；在光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内的电能时，储能变换器202向光伏逆变器204发送第一指令，第一指令用于触发光伏逆变器204对光伏阵列201进行最大功率点跟踪。
采用以上系统架构，由于储能变换器202通过不同的端口分别与光伏阵列201和光伏逆变器204连接，因此储能变换器202可以较为准确地确定光伏阵列201单位时间内为储能变换器202提供的直流电的电能的能量值，从而可以更精确地跟踪光伏阵列201的最大功率点，进而提高光伏系统200的能量利用率。
在现有的光伏系统中，最大功率点跟踪是由光伏逆变器中的DC/DC转换器实现的。由于储能变换器用于从蓄电池获取直流电或将直流电存入蓄电池，因此储能变换器中也存在DC/DC转换器以对直流电进行升压或降压，本申请可以利用了储能变换器中的DC/DC转换器实现了储能变换器的最大功率点跟踪功能。在图2所示的光伏系统200中，由于在光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，储能变换器202将光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电全部输出给了光伏逆变器204，同时，从蓄电池203获取直流电，此时，DC/DC转换器用于对从蓄电池203获取的直流电进行变压，光伏阵列201产生的直流电并不会经过储能变换器202的DC/DC转换器，因此，在光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，储能变换器202便无法对光伏阵列201进行最大功率点跟踪。为了保证对光伏阵列201的最大功率点跟踪，储能变换器202在光伏阵列201单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，向光伏逆变器24发送第一指令，通过第一指令触发光伏逆变器204的最大功率点跟踪功能，由光伏逆变器204对光伏阵列201进行最大功率点跟踪。
为了更进一步提高最大功率点跟踪的精度，在一种可行的实现方式中，如图6所示，储能变换器600包括控制单元601和多个变换器单元602(如图中602a、602b、……、602f)。控制单元601，分别与多个变换器单元602连接，用于：针对任一变换器单元602，根据电网单位时间内所需的电能，确定该变换器单元602在单位时间内需要向光伏逆变器提供的单元电能；在该变换器单元602单位时间内从光伏端口2022接收的直流电的电能大于该变换器单元602的单元电能时，向该变换器单元602提供第一控制信号A1；在该变换器单元602单位时间内从光伏端口2022接收的直流电的电能小于该变换器单元602的单元电能时，向该变换器单元602提供第二控制信号A2。
储能变换器600的多个变换器单元602，分别与储能变换器600的多个光伏端口2022、多个逆变器端口2021一一对应连接，任一变换器单元602用于：接收从对应的光伏端口2022输入的直流电；在收到控制单元601提供的第一控制信号A1时，将从对应的光伏端口2022接收的一部分直流电通过对应的逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器，将从对应的光伏端口2022输入的另一部分直流电通过蓄电端口2023存入蓄电池；在收到所述控制单元601提供的第二控制信号A2时，将从对应的光伏端口2022接收的直流电作为一部分直流电通过对应的逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器，并通过蓄电端口2023从蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过对应的逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器。
具体实施过程中，控制单元601可以通过多种可行的方式确定每一个变换器单元602的单元电能。例如，控制单元601根据电网单位时间内需要的电能和变换器单元602的数 量进行平均，所获得的平均值作为每一个变换器单元602的单元电能。显然，控制单元601还可以采用其它更复杂的方式确定每一个变换器单元602的单元电能，本申请不再一一举例。
在图2中储能变换器202为图6所示的储能变换器600时，由于储能变换器202中多个变换器单元602分别与多个光伏端口2022一一对应连接，使得储能变换器2022可以通过多个变换器单元602中的任一个变换器单元602对连接该变换器单元602对应的光伏端口6022的光伏子阵列进行最大功率点跟踪，从而提高对光伏阵列整体的最大功率点跟踪的精度。而且，多个变换器单元602分别与多个逆变器端口2021一一对应连接，使得储能变换器202可以与组串式光伏逆变器204连接，为在光伏系统中集成组串式光伏逆变器204提供了基础。
基于图6所示的储能变换器，本申请实施例提供一种具体可行的变换器单元结构，如图7所示。变换器单元602包括能量传感器6021、第一节点N和第一直流(DC/DC)转换器6022。
能量传感器6021，分别与变换器单元602对应的光伏端口6022、第一节点N和控制单元601连接，用于检测单位时间内从光伏端口6022接收、向第一节点N传递的直流电的电能的能量值，并将该能量值提供给控制单元601。
第一DC/DC转换器，分别与控制单元601、第一节点N和蓄电端口2023连接，用于在接收到控制单元601提供的第一控制信号A1时，将从能量传感器6021流向第一节点N的一部分直流电通过蓄电端口2023存入蓄电池，而从能量传感器6021流向第一节点N的另一部分直流电则会从第一节点N所连接的逆变器端口2023提供给光伏逆变器；在接收到控制单元601提供的第二控制信号A2时，第一DC/DC转换器通过蓄电端口2023从蓄电池获取一部分直流电并从第一节点N所连接的逆变器端口2023提供给光伏逆变器，而从能量传感器6021流向第一节点N的直流电将作为另一部分直流电通过第一节点N所连接的逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器。
应理解，“一部分”和“另一部分”的概念是相对的，例如直流电Z＝X+Y，其中，X为Z中的一部分直流电，Y为Z中的另一部分直流电，也可以认为，Y为Z中的一部分直流电，X为Z中的另一部分直流电。
如上所述，在图2所示的光伏系统200中，储能变换器202采用图6所示的结构时，图2中光伏逆变器204还可以为组串式光伏逆变器，如图8所示。光伏逆变器800包括交直流(DC/AC)转换器802、多个第二直流转换器801(如图8中801a、801b、……、801f)、交流端口8042和多个直流端口8041；多个第二DC/DC转换器801分别与DC/AC转换器802和多个直流端口2041一一对应连接，任一第二DC/DC转换器801用于：从对应的直流端口2041接收储能变换器202提供的直流电，对直流电进行升压并将升压后的直流电提供给DC/AC转换器802。DC/AC转换器802与光伏逆变器800的交流端口2042连接，用于：接收多个第二DC/DC转换器801提供的升压后的直流电，将升压后的直流电转换为交流电并通过交流端口2042将交流电输出给电网。
组串式光伏逆变器相较于集中式光伏逆变器，具有更高的最大功率点跟踪精度。在本申请所提供的光伏系统中，既使在由光伏逆变器对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪的情况下，也会由于光伏逆变器为组串式逆变器，而保证最大功率点跟踪的精度。组串式光伏逆变器在光伏系统中的具体应用可参考本申请后续提供的三个光伏系统的具体实现方式。
在组串式光伏逆变器对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪时，需要确定光伏阵列单位时间内生成的直流电的电能的能量值。基于图2所示的光伏系统、图6所示的储能变换器600和图8所示的组串式光伏逆变器800，本申请提供以下两种可行的组串式光伏逆变器进行最大功率点跟踪的实现方式：
在一种可行的实现方式中，储能变换器202在向光伏逆变器204发送第一指令，触发光伏逆变器204对光伏阵列201进行最大功率点跟踪之后，还会向光伏逆变器204发送多个电能信息；多个电能信息分别包括多个变换器单元602的单元标识，以及单元标识对应的变换器单元602单位时间内从蓄电池603获取的直流电的电能的能量值，例如，电能信息1包括变换器单元602a的单元标识以及变换器单元602a单位时间内从蓄电池3获得的直流电的电能的能量值Pa；电能信息2包括变换器单元602b的单元标识以及变换器单元602b单位时间内从蓄电池3获得的直流电的电能的能量值Pb；……；电能信息6包括变换器单元602f的单元标识以及变换器单元602f单位时间内从蓄电池3获得的直流电的电能的能量值Pf。
光伏逆变器204对光伏阵列201进行最大功率点跟踪时，针对接收到的任一电能信息，根据电能信息中变换器单元602的单元标识，确定第一变换器单元602g对应的目标DC/DC转换器801g；第一变换器单元602g为储能变换器202的多个变换器单元602中，与单元标识对应的变换器单元602；目标直流转换器801g为光伏逆变器204的多个第二DC/DC转换器801中，接收第一变换器单元602g提供的直流电的第二DC/DC转换器801；确定目标DC/DC转换器801g单位时间内从对应的直流端口2041接收的直流电的电能的能量值；根据电能信息中的能量值以及目标DC/DC转换器801g单位时间内从对应的直流端口2041接收的直流电的电能的能量值，确定光伏阵列201中第一光伏子阵列2011g单位时间内向储能变换器202提供的直流电的电能的能量值；第一光伏子阵列2011g为光伏阵列201的多个光伏子阵列2011中，为第一变换器单元602g提供直流电的光伏子阵列2011；根据第一光伏子阵列2011g单位时间内向储能变换器202提供的直流电的电能的能量值，对第一光伏子阵列2011g进行最大功率点跟踪。
举例说明，光伏逆变器204在接收到电能信息1后，根据电能信息1中的单元标识，确定第一变换器单元602g为储能变换器202中的变换器单元602a，在光伏逆变器202中第二DC/DC转换器801a接收变换器单元602a提供的直流电，因此第二DC/DC转换器801a为目标DC/DC转换器801g。光伏逆变器204进一步确定第二DC/DC转换器801a从直流端口2041接收的直流电的电能的能量值，根据第二DC/DC转换器801a从直流端口接收的直流电的电能的能量值以及电能信息1中变换器单元602a单位时间内从蓄电池203中获取的直流电的电能的能量值，便可以确定单位时间内光伏阵列201所提供的直流电的电能的能量值，进而便可以通过第二DC/DC转换器801a实现对变换器单元602a所连接的光伏子阵列进行最大功率点跟踪。
在另一种可行的实现方式中，电能信息可以包括任一变换器单元602的单元标识和该变换器单元602从光伏端口2022接收的直流电的电能的能量值。光伏逆变器204在根据电能信息中的变换器单元602的单元标识确定第一变换器单元602g所对应的目标DC/DC转换器801g后，根据电能信息中变换器单元602g从光伏端口2022接收的直流电的电能的能量值确定单位时间内光伏阵列201中与变换器单元602g相连的光伏子阵列为变换器单元602g提供的直流电的电能的能量值，进而便可以通过目标DC/DC转换器801g实现 对该光伏子阵列进行最大功率点跟踪。
采用以上任意一种实现方式，光伏逆变器204可以通过储能变换器202提供的多个电能信息分别确定光伏阵列201中与储能变换器202连接的每一个光伏子阵列2011单位时间内向储能变换器202提供的直流电的电能的能量值，进而可以对每一个光伏子阵列2011进行最大功率点跟踪，不仅保留了组串式光伏逆变器较为精确的最大功率点跟踪的特点，而且，相较于现有的储能变换器与光伏阵列在光伏逆变器直流侧直接耦合的系统架构，本申请中光伏逆变器204对储能变换器202连接的每一个光伏子阵列2011单位时间内向储能变换器202提供的直流电的电能的能量值的判断更为准确，进一步提高了最大功率点跟踪的精度。
为了进一步说明本申请所提供的光伏系统，本申请在图2所示的光伏系统的基础上，提供了以下三种可行的包括组串式光伏逆变器的光伏系统的系统架构。
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种可能的光伏系统架构示意图之一，在图9所示的光伏系统中，储能变换器202包括多个光伏端口2022(如图9中的光伏端口2022a、2022b、……、2022f)，光伏阵列201包括多个光伏子阵列2011(如图9中的光伏子阵列2011a、2011b、……、2011f)；多个光伏子阵列2011与多个光伏端口2022分别一一对应连接；光伏逆变器204包括多个直流端口2041(如图9中的直流端口2041a、2041b、……、2041f)，储能变换器202包括多个逆变器端口(如图9中的逆变器端口2021a、2021b、……、2021f)；多个直流端口2041与多个逆变器端口2021分别一一对应连接。
在图9所示的光伏系统为电网提供电能时，光伏阵列201将吸收的光能转化为直流电的电能，并将直流电输出给储能变换器202。其中，光伏阵列201中的多个光伏子阵列2011分别通过其所连接的储能变换器202的光伏端口2022向储能变换器202提供电能。
储能变换器202通过多个光伏端口2022分别接收光伏阵列201中多个光伏子阵列2011提供的直流电，在光伏阵列201单位时间内提供的直流电的电能大于电网单位时间内需要的电能时，将光伏阵列201单位时间内提供的一部分直流电通过多个逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器204，将光伏阵列201单位时间内提供的另一部分直流电通过蓄电端口2023存入蓄电池203，同时，分别对光伏阵列201中的多个光伏子阵列2011进行最大功率点跟踪。在光伏阵列201单位时间内提供的直流电的电能小于电网单位时间内需要的电能时，将光伏阵列201单位时间内提供的直流电作为一部分直流电通过多个逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器204，将从蓄电池203获取的直流电作为另一部分直流电通过多个逆变器端口2021提供给光伏逆变器204，同时，通过通信连接，向光伏逆变器204发送第一指令，以及，多个电能信息。
光伏逆变器204分别通过多个直流端口2041接收储能变换器202提供的直流电，将直流电转换为交流电后通过交流端口2042将交流电输出给电网。在接收到第一指令后，开启最大功率点跟踪功能，并根据储能变换器202提供的多个电能信息分别对光伏阵列201中的多个光伏子阵列2011进行最大功率点跟踪。
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种可能的光伏系统架构示意图之二，如图10所示，光伏逆变器包括第一光伏逆变器204A和第二光伏逆变器204B。光伏阵列201包括多个光伏子阵列2011和多个附加子阵列2012(如图10中2012a、2012b、……、2012f)。
第一光伏逆变器204A，包括多个第一直流端口2041A，一部分第一直流端口2041A与储能变换器202中的一部分逆变器端口2021一一对应连接，另一部分第一直流端口 2041A与光伏阵列201的一部分附加子阵列2022一一对应连接；第二光伏逆变器204B，包括多个第二直流端口2041B，一部分第二直流端口2041B与储能变换器202中的另一部分逆变器端口2021一一对应连接，另一部分第二直流端口2041B与光伏阵列201的另一部分附加子阵列2022一一对应连接。
在图10所示的光伏系统为电网供电时，第一光伏逆变器204A确定与一部分附加子阵列2012(如图10中2012a、2012b和2012c)连接的第一直流端口2041A输入的直流电的电能的能量值，并将能量值通过有线或无线的通信连接提供给储能变换器202；第二光伏逆变器204B确定与另一部分附加子阵列2012(如图10中2012d、2012e和2012f)连接的第二直流端口2041B输入的直流电的电能的能量值，并将能量值通过有线或无线的通信连接提供给储能变换器202。
储能变换器202通过通信连接接收第一光伏逆变器204A提供的直流电的电能的能量值和第二光伏逆变器204B提供的直流电的电能的能量值，并执行以下操作：
步骤一：根据电网单位时间内所需的电能，确定第一光伏逆变器204A单位时间内所需输出的第一交流电的电能P1和第二光伏逆变器204B单位时间内所需输出的第二交流电的电能P2。
在步骤一中，储能变换器202可以让第一光伏逆变器204A和第二光伏逆变器204B平均分担电网单位时间内所需的电能，也可以根据两个光伏逆变器的转换效率确定两个光伏逆变器分别需要向电网输出的交流电的电能，比如，若第一光伏逆变器204A的转换效率明显高于第二光伏逆变器204B，则第一光伏逆变器204A可以为电网提供电网所需电能的较大部分。
步骤二：根据第一光伏逆变器204A提供的能量值和第一交流电的电能，确定第一光伏逆变器204A单位时间内所需的第一直流电的电能Pa1。
在步骤二中，第一光伏逆变器204A提供的能量值为第一光伏逆变器204A所连接的附加子阵列2012为第一光伏逆变器204A提供的直流电的电能的能量值。在第一光伏逆变器204A提供的直流电的电能的能量值小于第一交流电的电能P1时，可以将第一交流电的电能P1与直流电的电能的能量值之间的差值作为第一光伏逆变器单位时间内所需的第一直流电的电能Pa1。在第一光伏逆变器204A提供的能量值大于第一交流电的电能P1时，则储能变换器202无需为第一光伏逆变器204A提供直流电，可以确定第一直流电的电能Pa1为0。
步骤三：根据第二光伏逆变器204B提供的能量值和第二交流电的电能，确定第二光伏逆变器204B单位时间内所需的第二直流电的电能Pb1。
步骤三的具体实施与步骤二类似，不再赘述。
步骤四：在单位时间内从光伏端口2022输入的直流电的电能大于第一直流电的电能Pa1和第二直流电的电能Pa2之和时，将从光伏端口2022输入的一部分直流电通过逆变器端口2021提供给第一光伏逆变器204A和第二光伏逆变器204B，将从光伏端口2022输入的另一部分直流电通过蓄电端口2023存入蓄电池203；在单位时间内从光伏端口2022输入的直流电小于第一直流电的电能Pa1和第二直流电的电能Pb1之和时，将从光伏端口2022输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过逆变器端口2021提供给第一光伏逆变器204A和第二光伏逆变器204B，并通过蓄电端口2023从蓄电池203获取另一部分直流电通过逆变器端口2021提供给第一光伏逆变器204A和第二光伏逆变器204B。
在步骤四中，储能变换器202通过多个逆变器端口2021分别向第一光伏逆变器204A和第二光伏逆变器204B提供直流电，具体可以为，通过与第一光伏逆变器204A相连的逆变器端口2021向第一光伏逆变器204A提供单位时间内电能的能量值为Pa1的直流电，通过与第二光伏逆变器204B相连的逆变器端口2021向第二光伏逆变器204B提供单位时间内电能的能量值为Pb1的直流电。
此外，在单位时间内从光伏端口2022输入的直流电的电能大于第一直流电的电能Pa1和第二直流电的电能Pa2之和时，储能变换器202还会通过多个光伏端口2022对光伏阵列201中的多个光伏子阵列2011分别进行最大功率点跟踪，第一光伏逆变器204A对与其连接的附加子阵列2012a、2012b和2012c分别进行最大功率点跟踪，第二光伏逆变器204B对与其连接的附加子阵列2012d、2012e和2012f分别进行最大功率点跟踪。在单位时间内从光伏端口2022输入的直流电的电能小于第一直流电的电能Pa1和第二直流电的电能Pa2之和时，由第一光伏逆变器204A对与其连接的附加子阵列2012a、2012b和2012c，以及，部分光伏子阵列2011分别进行最大功率点跟踪；由第二光伏逆变器204B对与其连接的附加子阵列2012d、2012e和2012f，以及，另一部分光伏子阵列2011分别进行最大功率点跟踪。
采用上述系统架构，在单个光伏逆变器的转换效率和光伏阵列理论发光效率一定的情况下，可以实现更低的超配比。
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种可能的光伏系统架构示意图之三，如图11所示，光伏阵列包括第一光伏阵列201A和第二光伏阵列201B，储能变换器包括第一储能变换器202A和第二储能变换器202B，蓄电池包括第一蓄电池203A和第二蓄电池203B。第一储能变换器202A的第一光伏端口2021A与第一光伏阵列201A连接，第一逆变器端口2021A与光伏逆变器204的一部分直流端口2041连接，第一蓄电端口2023A与第一蓄电池203A连接。第二储能变换器202B的第二光伏端口2022B与第二光伏阵列201B连接，第二逆变器端口2021B与光伏逆变器204的另一部分直流端口2041连接，第二蓄电端口2023B与第二蓄电池203连接。
在图11所示的光伏系统为电网提供电能时，第一储能变换器202A执行以下步骤：
步骤一：根据电网单位时间内所需的电能确定第一储能变换器202A单位时间内需要向光伏逆变器202提供的第三直流电的电能P3和第二储能变换器单位202B时间内需要向光伏逆变器202提供的第四直流电的电能P4，并将第四直流电的电能P4的能量值通过通信连接提供给第二储能变换器202B。
在步骤一中，第一储能变换器202A作为主储能变换器，第二储能变换器202B作为从储能变换器。由第一储能变换器202A确定第一储能变换器202A和第二储能变换器202B需要向光伏逆变器204提供的第三直流电的电能P3和第四直流电的电能P4。光伏逆变器204可以将接收到的直流电转化为交流电并输出给电网，因此在不考虑损耗等因素的情况下，第三直流电P3和第四直流电P4之和可以为电网单位时间所需的电能。
步骤二：在第一光伏阵列201A单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于第三直流电的电能P3时，将从第一光伏端口2022A输入的一部分直流电通过第一逆变器端口2021A提供给光伏逆变器204，将从第一光伏端口2022A输入的另一部分直流电通过第一蓄电端口2023A存入第一蓄电池203A；在第一光伏阵列201A单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于第三直流电的电能P3时，将从第一光伏端口2022A输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过 第一逆变器端口2021A提供给光伏逆变器204，并通过第一蓄电端口2023A从第一蓄电池203A获取另一部分直流能通过第一逆变器端口2021A提供给光伏逆变器204。
第二储能变换器则执行以下步骤：
步骤一：获取第一储能变换器202A提供的第四直流电的电能P4的能量值。
步骤二：在第二光伏阵列201B单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于第四直流电的电能P4时，将从第二光伏端口2022B输入的一部分直流电通过第二逆变器端口2021B提供给光伏逆变器204，将从第二光伏端口2022B输入的另一部分直流电通过第二蓄电端口2023B存入第二蓄电池203B；在第二光伏阵列201B单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于第四直流电的电能P4时，将从第二光伏端口2022B输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过第二逆变器端口2021B提供给光伏逆变器204，并通过第二蓄电端口2023B从第二蓄电池203B获取另一部分直流电通过第二逆变器端口2021B提供给光伏逆变器204。
此外，在第一光伏阵列201A单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于第三直流电的电能P3时，第一储能变换器202A还会对第一光伏阵列201A中的多个光伏子阵列进行最大功率点跟踪。在第一光伏阵列201A单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于第三直流电的电能P3时，则由光伏逆变器204对第一光伏阵列201A中的多个光伏子阵列进行最大功率点跟踪。同样的，在第二光伏阵列201B单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于第四直流电的电能P4时，第二储能变换器202B还会对第二光伏阵列201B中的多个光伏子阵列进行最大功率点跟踪。在第二光伏阵列201B单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于第四直流电的电能P4时，则由光伏逆变器204对第二光伏阵列201B中的多个光伏子阵列进行最大功率点跟踪。
采用上述系统架构，在光伏逆变器的转换效率和单个光伏阵列理论发光效率一定的情况下，实现更高的超配比。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种光伏系统，其特征在于，包括：光伏阵列、储能变换器、蓄电池和光伏逆变器；
    所述光伏阵列用于将吸收的光能转化为直流电的电能，并将所述直流电输出给所述储能变换器；
    所述储能变换器，包括至少一个光伏端口、至少一个蓄电端口和至少一个逆变器端口，所述至少一个光伏端口与所述光伏阵列连接，所述至少一个蓄电端口与所述蓄电池连接，所述至少一个逆变器端口与所述光伏逆变器连接，所述储能变换器用于：在所述光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于电网单位时间内所需的电能时，将从所述光伏端口输入的一部分直流电通过所述逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器，将从所述光伏端口输入的另一部分直流电通过所述蓄电端口存入所述蓄电池；在所述光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于所述电网单位时间内所需的电能时，将从所述光伏端口输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过所述逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器，并通过所述蓄电端口从所述蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过所述逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器；
    所述蓄电池用于存储所述储能变换器提供的直流电或为所述储能变换器提供直流电；
    所述光伏逆变器，包括至少一个直流端口和至少一个交流端口，所述至少一个直流端口与所述储能变换器连接，所述至少一个交流端口用于与所述电网连接，所述光伏逆变器用于通过所述直流端口从所述储能变换器接收直流电，将所述直流电变换为交流电后通过所述交流端口将所述交流电输出给所述电网。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述储能变换器还用于：
    在所述光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于所述电网单位时间内所需的电能时，根据所述光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能对所述光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪；
    在所述光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于所述电网单位时间内所需的电能时，向所述光伏逆变器发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于触发所述光伏逆变器对所述光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述储能变换器包括控制单元和多个变换器单元；
    所述控制单元，与所述多个变换器单元连接，用于：
    针对任一变换器单元，根据所述电网单位时间内所需的电能，确定所述变换器单元在单位时间内需要向所述光伏逆变器提供的单元电能；
    在所述变换器单元单位时间内从所述光伏端口接收的直流电的电能大于所述单元电能时，向所述变换器单元提供第一控制信号；
    在所述变换器单元单位时间内从所述光伏端口接收的直流电的电能小于所述单元电能时，向所述变换器单元提供第二控制信号；
    所述多个变换器单元，分别与所述储能变换器的多个光伏端口、多个逆变器端口一一对应连接，任一所述变换器单元用于：
    接收从对应的光伏端口输入的直流电；
    在收到所述控制单元提供的所述第一控制信号时，将从对应的光伏端口接收的一部分 直流电通过对应的逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器，将从对应的光伏端口输入的另一部分直流电通过所述蓄电端口存入所述蓄电池；
    在收到所述控制单元提供的所述第二控制信号时，将从对应的光伏端口接收的直流电作为一部分直流电通过对应的逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器，并通过所述蓄电端口从所述蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过对应的逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于，所述变换器单元包括能量传感器、第一节点和第一直流转换器；所述第一节点与所述变换器单元对应的逆变器端口连接；
    所述能量传感器，分别与所述变换器单元对应的光伏端口、所述第一节点和所述控制单元连接，用于检测单位时间内从所述光伏端口接收、向所述第一节点传递的直流电的电能的能量值，并将所述能量值提供给所述控制单元；
    所述第一直流转换器，分别与所述控制单元、所述第一节点和所述蓄电端口连接，用于在接收到所述控制单元提供的第一控制信号时，将从所述能量传感器流向所述第一节点的一部分直流电通过所述第一节点连接的逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器，将从所述能量传感器流向所述第一节点的另一部分直流电通过所述蓄电端口存入所述蓄电池；或，在接收到所述控制单元提供的第二控制信号时，将从所述能量传感器流向所述第一节点的直流电作为一部分直流电通过所述第一节点连接的逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器，并通过所述蓄电端口从所述蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过所述第一节点连接的逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器；
    所述第一节点，与所述变换器单元对应的逆变器端口连接，用于从所述能量传感器和/或所述第一直流转换器接收直流电并通过所述逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述光伏逆变器包括交直流转换器、多个第二直流转换器、交流端口和多个直流端口；
    所述多个第二直流转换器分别与所述交直流转换器和所述多个直流端口一一对应连接，任一所述第二直流转换器用于：
    从对应的直流端口接收所述储能变换器提供的直流电，对所述直流电进行升压并将升压后的直流电提供给所述交直流转换器；
    所述交直流转换器与所述光伏逆变器的交流端口连接，用于：
    接收所述多个第二直流转换器提供的升压后的直流电，将所述升压后的直流电转换为交流电并通过所述交流端口将所述交流电输出给所述电网。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述储能变换器，还用于：
    在向所述光伏逆变器发送第一指令之后，向所述光伏逆变器发送多个电能信息；所述多个电能信息分别包括所述多个变换器单元的单元标识，以及所述单元标识对应的变换器单元单位时间内从所述蓄电池获取的直流电的电能的能量值；
    所述光伏逆变器对所述光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪时，具体用于：
    针对任一电能信息，根据所述电能信息中变换器单元的单元标识，确定第一变换器单元对应的目标直流转换器；所述第一变换器单元为所述储能变换器的多个变换器单元中，与所述单元标识对应的变换器单元；所述目标直流转换器为所述光伏逆变器的多个第二直流转换器中，接收所述第一变换器单元提供的直流电的第二直流转换器；
    确定所述目标直流转换器单位时间内从对应的直流端口接收的直流电的电能的能量值；
    根据所述电能信息中的能量值以及所述目标直流转换器单位时间内从对应的直流端口接收的直流电的电能的能量值，确定所述光伏阵列中第一光伏子阵列单位时间内向所述储能变换器提供的直流电的电能的能量值；所述第一光伏子阵列为所述光伏阵列的多个光伏子阵列中，为所述第一变换器单元提供直流电的光伏子阵列；
    根据所述第一光伏子阵列单位时间内向所述储能变换器提供的直流电的电能的能量值，对所述第一光伏子阵列进行最大功率点跟踪。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述储能变换器包括多个光伏端口，所述光伏阵列包括多个光伏子阵列；
    所述多个光伏子阵列与所述多个光伏端口分别一一对应连接；
    所述光伏逆变器包括多个直流端口，所述储能变换器包括多个逆变器端口；
    所述多个直流端口与所述多个逆变器端口分别一一对应连接。
  8. 如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述光伏逆变器包括第一光伏逆变器和第二光伏逆变器；所述光伏阵列包括多个光伏子阵列和多个附加子阵列；
    所述第一光伏逆变器，包括多个第一直流端口，一部分所述第一直流端口与所述储能变换器中的一部分逆变器端口一一对应连接，另一部分所述第一直流端口与所述光伏阵列的一部分附加子阵列一一对应连接；
    所述第二光伏逆变器，包括多个第二直流端口，一部分所述第二直流端口与所述储能变换器中的另一部分逆变器端口一一对应连接，另一部分所述第二直流端口与所述光伏阵列的另一部分所述附加子阵列一一对应连接；
    所述第一光伏逆变器，用于确定与所述一部分附加子阵列连接的第一直流端口输入的直流电的电能的能量值，并将所述能量值提供给所述储能变换器；
    所述第二光伏逆变器，用于确定与所述另一部分附加子阵列连接的第二直流端口输入的直流电的电能的能量值，并将所述能量值提供给所述储能变换器；
    所述储能变换器具体用于：
    根据所述电网单位时间内所需的电能，确定所述第一光伏逆变器单位时间内所需输出的第一交流电的电能和所述第二光伏逆变器单位时间内所需输出的第二交流电的电能；
    根据所述第一光伏逆变器提供的能量值和所述第一交流电的电能，确定所述第一光伏逆变器单位时间内所需的第一直流电的电能；
    根据所述第二光伏逆变器提供的能量值和所述第二交流电的电能，确定所述第二光伏逆变器单位时间内所需的第二直流电的电能；
    在单位时间内从所述光伏端口输入的直流电的电能大于所述第一直流电的电能和所述第二直流电的电能之和时，将从所述光伏端口输入的一部分直流电通过所述逆变器端口提供给所述第一光伏逆变器和所述第二光伏逆变器，将从所述光伏端口输入的另一部分直流电通过所述蓄电端口存入所述蓄电池；在单位时间内从所述光伏端口输入的直流电的电能小于所述第一直流电的电能和所述第二直流电的电能之和时，将从所述光伏端口输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过所述逆变器端口提供给所述第一光伏逆变器和所述第二光伏逆变器，并通过所述蓄电端口从所述蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过所述逆变器端口提供给所述第一光伏逆变器和所述第二光伏逆变器。
  9. 如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述光伏阵列包括第一光伏阵列和第二光伏阵列；所述储能变换器包括第一储能变换器和第二储能变换器；所述蓄 电池包括第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池；
    所述第一储能变换器的第一光伏端口与所述第一光伏阵列连接，第一逆变器端口与所述光伏逆变器的一部分直流端口连接，第一蓄电端口与所述第一蓄电池连接；
    所述第二储能变换器的第二光伏端口与所述第二光伏阵列连接，第二逆变器端口与所述光伏逆变器的另一部分直流端口连接，第二蓄电端口与所述第二蓄电池连接；
    所述第一储能变换器用于：
    根据所述电网单位时间内所需的交流电的电能确定所述第一储能变换器单位时间内需要向所述光伏逆变器提供的第三直流电的电能和所述第二储能变换器单位时间内需要向所述光伏逆变器提供的第四直流电的电能，并将所述第四直流电的电能的能量值提供给所述第二储能变换器；
    在所述第一光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于所述第三直流电的电能时，将从所述第一光伏端口输入的一部分直流电通过所述第一逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器，将从所述第一光伏端口输入的另一部分直流电通过所述第一蓄电端口存入所述第一蓄电池；在所述第一光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于所述第三直流电的电能时，将从所述第一光伏端口输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过所述第一逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器，并通过所述第一蓄电端口从所述第一蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过所述第一逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器；
    所述第二储能变换器用于：
    获取所述第一储能变换器提供的所述第四直流电的电能的能量值；
    在所述第二光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能大于所述第四直流电的电能时，将从所述第二光伏端口输入的一部分直流电通过所述第二逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器，将从所述第二光伏端口输入的另一部分直流电通过所述第二蓄电端口存入所述第二蓄电池；在所述第二光伏阵列单位时间内产生的直流电的电能小于所述第四直流电的电能时，将从所述第二光伏端口输入的直流电作为一部分直流电通过所述第二逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器，并通过所述第二蓄电端口从所述第二蓄电池获取另一部分直流电通过所述第二逆变器端口提供给所述光伏逆变器。
  10. 如权利要求1至9任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述蓄电池包括铅碳电池，和/或，磷酸铁锂电池，和/或，三元锂电池，和/或，钠硫电池，和/或，液流电池。
  11. 如权利要求1至10任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述电网单位时间内所需的电能是所述储能变换器根据所述电网发送的供电指令确定的。
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