Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
  • A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to a fungicidal composition and a process for preparation thereof.
• Fungi cause damage to crops and decrease the overall yield of crops. Crops are treated with fungicidal compositions to control the damage caused by fungi.
• the effectiveness of the fungicidal compositions comprising only one fungicide as an active ingredient has decreased over a period of time, mainly due to the development of resistance by fungi to the compound.
• fungicidal compositions comprising two fungicides are used to get an additive effect of their fungicidal activities to obtain enhanced fungicidal activity.
• the effectiveness of the fungicidal compositions comprising two fungicides may also decrease due to the development of resistance.
• the present disclosure relates to a fungicidal composition
• a fungicidal composition comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide, a thiazole fungicide and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
• the present disclosure further relates to a process for preparation of a fungicidal composition.
• the process comprises mixing a dithiocarbamate fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a thiazole fungicide along with wetting agent, at least one dispersing agent and a disintegrating agent to obtain a first mixture.
• the first mixture is milled to obtain a homogenized mixture having a predetermined particle size.
• the homogenized mixture is admixed with a defoamer and water to obtain an admixture that is kneaded to obtain a dough.
• the dough is extruded to obtain extruded granules which are dried under predetermined conditions to obtain granules of predetermined size.
• Embodiments, of the present disclosure will now be described herein. Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
• first, second, third, etc. should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure as the aforementioned terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another component, region, layer or section. Terms such as first, second, third etc., when used herein do not imply a specific sequence or order unless clearly suggested by the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure relates to a fungicidal composition and a process for preparation thereof.
• the fungicidal formulations comprising one fungicide or two fungicides as active ingredients are prone to development of resistance and subsequent loss of fungicidal activity. Therefore fungicidal combinations exhibiting synergistic activity and not prone to development of resistance are required.
• the present disclosure envisages a fungicidal composition comprising three fungicides as active ingredients for enhanced fungicidal activity. It is surprisingly found that the fungicidal composition comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide, and a thiazole fungicide has a synergistic fungicidal action in the prevention and control of plant diseases related to fungal infestation. The phenomenon exhibited by a mixture of two or more compounds to mutually affect each other and display an activity that is greater than the sum of their individual activities is designated as synergism.
• the fungicidal composition comprises a dithiocarbamate fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide, a thiazole fungicide and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
• the fungicidal composition comprises dithiocarbamate fungicide in an amount in the range of 20 % to 70 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, a strobilurin fungicide in an amount in the range of 2 % to 50 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, a thiazole fungicide in an amount in the range of 2 % to 50 % by weight of the total mass of the composition and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient in an amount in the range of 1 % to 60 % by weight of the total mass of the composition.
• the dithiocarbamate fungicide is Mancozeb.
• Mancozeb [CAS NO. 8018-01-7] is a common name for zinc; manganese (2+); N-[2- (sulfidocarbothioylamino) ethyl] carbamodithioate (also known as ethylene bis dithiocarbamate manganese-zinc).
• Mancozeb is an ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide, belonging to the group of dithiocarbamates, having a mode of action group M (Multi-site Action). It is a contact fungicide, acting on the surface of plants.
• Mancozeb is represented by the following structure.
• the strobilurin fungicide can be selected from the group consisting of Azoxystrobin and Picoxystrobin.
• Azoxystrobin (CAS No. 131860-33-8) is the common name for Methyl (2E)-2-(2- ⁇ [6-(2- cyanophenoxy) pyrimidin-4-yl] oxy ⁇ phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate and is represented as
• Azoxystrobin is a commercial fungicide with protectant, curative, eradicant, translaminar and systemic properties. Typically, azoxystrobin inhibits spore germination and mycelial growth and also shows antisporulant activity.
• Picoxystrobin [CAS no.: 117428-22-5] is a common name for methyl (2£)-3-mcthoxy-2- ( 2- [6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyloxymethyl] phenyl ⁇ acrylate.
• Picoxystrobin is a broad spectrum fungicide, which can be applied as a foliar spray or a soil-treatment prior to planting, as it has a residual effect. It acts as a systemic fungicide which has curative, translaminar and preventative action.
• the thiazole fungicide is Thifluzamide.
• Thifluzamide (CAS no.: 130000-40-7) is the common name for N-[2, 6-Dibromo-4- (trifluoromethoxy) phenyl] -2-methyl-4- trifluoromethyl) thiazole-5-carboxamide.
• Thifluzamide is a systemic fungicide and belongs to the class of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI).
• Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an oxidation-reduction enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone [Cl 971] to ubiquinol.
• SDH is found in many bacterial cells and in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes.
• Thifluzamide acts as a fungicide through interfering with succinate ubiquinone reductase (SQR) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain of fungi.
• SQR succinate ubiquinone reductase
• the fungicidal composition of the present disclosure contains, as essential ingredients, three components that mutually affect each other when used together and display a biological activity that is greater than the sum of the activities when used alone, an effect, which is designated as synergism. It is surprisingly found that the formulation of combination of Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin or Picoxystrobin and Thifluzamide results in a synergistic mixture which is remarkably more effective than the individual compounds at the considered doses.
• the weight ratio of Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin or Picoxystrobin and Thifluzamide depends on the sensitivity and resistance of the plants, the time of application, the climatic conditions and the soil conditions.
• the fungicidal composition comprises Mancozeb in an amount in the range of 20 % to 70 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, at least one Azoxystrobin or Picoxystrobin in an amount in the range of 2 % to 50 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, Thifluzamide in an amount in the range of 2 % to 50 % by weight of the total mass of the composition and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient in an amount in the range of 1 % to 60 % by weight of the total mass of the composition.
• the agrochemically acceptable excipient is selected from the group consisting of wetting agent, dispersing agent, filler, defoamer and disintegrating agent.
• the wetting agent is used to wet the ingredients in the composition with water by lowering their surface tension and is selected from the group consisting of salts of aliphatic monoesters of sulphuric acid, alkylarylsulphonates, alkylbenzene sulphonates, alkylnaphthalene sulphonates and salts thereof, salts of ligninsulphonic acid, aryl sulphonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyoxyethylene alcohol ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether formaldehyde condensate sulfates, alkyl sulphonates, alkylbenzene sulphonates, alkylnaphthalene sulphonates, alkyl sulphonates succinic, single polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sodium succinate, ethylene oxide adducts of
• the dispersing agent is used for uniformly dispersing the active ingredients in the fungicidal composition and is selected from the group consisting of alkyl naphthalene sulphonate, bis (alkyl) naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates, naphthalenesulphonic acid formaldehyde condensates, phenol polyoxyethylene aryl sulphonate succinate , EO/PO block copolymers, polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether sulfates, polycarboxylates, lignin sulphonates, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of aromatic sulphonic acids, alkylbenzene calcium sulphonate, naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates sodium salts, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ethyl, ethyl polyoxyethylene fatty amine, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters and polyoxyethylene esters
• the fungicidal composition is stable and shows enhanced efficacy when the wetting agent and dispersing agent are used in a specific ratio.
• the ratio of the wetting agent to the dispersing agent is in the range of 1: 1 to 1:6.
• the ratio of the wetting agent to the dispersing agent is in the range of 1: 2 to 1:4.
• the filler is selected from the group consisting of kaolin, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, talc, clay, silica, corn starch and attapulgite.
• the defoamer is selected from the group consisting of silicone oils, silicone-based compounds, polydimethylsiloxane powder, polydimethylsiloxane liquid, compounds containing 00-20 unsaturated fatty acids and C8-10 aliphatic acids.
• the disintegrating agent helps to disintegrate the substance in water quickly and is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, urea and potassium chloride.
• the preservative is used to prevent degradation of the active ingredients and is an isothiazolone mixture.
• the anti-freeze agent is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.
• Water is used as a diluent to dilute the active ingredient to a desired concentration.
• the water used is purified water and is selected from the group consisting of deionized water and distilled water.
• composition will depend upon the type of composition and/or the manner in which the composition is to be applied by the end user.
• the composition comprises a dithiocarbamate fungicide in an amount in the range of 20 % to 70 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, a strobilurin fungicide in an amount in the range of 2 % to 50 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, a thiazole fungicide in an amount in the range of 2 % to 50 % by weight of the total mass of the composition and agrochemically acceptable excipient comprising a wetting agent in an amount in the range of 1 % to 5 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, at least one dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 1 % to 15 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, a disintegrating agent in an amount in the range of 5 % to 25 % by weight of the total mass of the composition and a defoamer in an amount in the range of 0.1 % to 1 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, wherein the ratio of
• the composition comprises Mancozeb in an amount in the range of 20 % to 70 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, Azoxystrobin in an amount in the range of 2 % to 50 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, Thifluzamide in an amount in the range of 2 % to 50 % by weight of the total mass of the composition and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient in an amount in the range of 1 % to 60 % by weight of the total mass of the composition.
• the composition comprises Mancozeb in an amount in the range of 20 % to 70 % by weight of the total mass of the composition, Picoxystrobin in an amount in the range of 2 % to 50 % of the total mass of the composition, Thifluzamide in an amount in the range of 2 % to 50 % of the total mass of the composition and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient in an amount in the range of 1 % to 60 % of the total mass of the composition.
• a lower dose of the fungicidal composition may offer adequate protection, whereas, certain climatic conditions, resistance offered by the fungi or nature of the target phytopathogenic fungi may necessitate application of higher doses of the fungicidal composition.
• the optimum dose usually depends on several factors, for example on the type of phytopathogenic fungi to be treated, on the type or level of development of the infested plant, on the density of vegetation or alternatively on the method of application of the fungicidal composition.
• the fungicidal composition can be formulated in at least one dosage form selected from the group consisting of soluble granules, encapsulated granules, water dispersible granules, wettable powder, suspension concentrate, suspoemulsion, oil suspension and tank-mix.
• compositions can be of any type known in the art that is suitable for application onto all types of cultures or crops. These compositions, which can be prepared in any manner known by a person skilled in the art, also form part of the invention.
• the fungicidal composition of the present disclosure may be packaged and sold as a pre-mix composition or as a fungicidal kit comprising individual active ingredients to be combined at the time of application.
• the fungicidal composition may be used for foliar application, ground application or application to plant propagation materials.
• a process for the preparation of a fungicidal composition comprises mixing a dithiocarbamate fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a thiazole fungicide along with agrochemically acceptable excipients to obtain the fungicidal composition.
• the process for preparation of the fungicidal composition comprises mixing a dithiocarbamate fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and a thiazole fungicide along with wetting agent, at least one dispersing agent and a disintegrating agent to obtain a first mixture.
• the first mixture is milled to obtain a homogenized mixture having a predetermined particle size.
• the homogenized mixture is admixed with a defoamer and water to obtain an admixture that is kneaded to obtain a dough.
• the dough is extruded to obtain extruded granules which are dried under predetermined conditions to obtain granules of predetermined size.
• the process for preparation of the fungicidal composition comprises mixing a strobilurin fungicide and a thiazole fungicide with a wetting agent, at least one dispersing agent, a disintegrating agent, a binder, an adjuvant and a carrier to obtain a mixture.
• the mixture is milled to obtain a homogenized mixture of a predetermined particle size.
• a dithiocarbamate fungicide is added to the homogenized mixture which is then admixed with a defoamer and water and kneaded to obtain a dough.
• the dough is extruded to obtain granules which are dried at a temperature within a predetermined range to obtain granules having size in a predetermined range.
• the process for preparation of the fungicidal composition comprises mixing a strobilurin fungicide and a thiazole fungicide with a wetting agent, at least one dispersing agent, a defoamer, a carrier and water to obtain a slurry.
• the slurry is then wet milled to obtain a mixture having particle size in a predetermined range.
• a dithiocarbamate fungicide is added to the mixture along with disintegrating agent, defoamer, adjuvant and binding agent to obtain a homogenized slurry having total solids in a predetermined range.
• the homogenized slurry is then dried to obtain product having granule size within a predetermined range.
• the fungicidal composition of the present disclosure can be formulated in at least one dosage form selected from the group consisting of soluble granules, encapsulated granules, water dispersible granules, wettable powder, suspension concentrate, suspoemulsion, oil suspension and tank-mix.
• a method of controlling and eliminating fungal disease from plants comprises applying the fungicidal composition to the soil, a locus of infection, a plant and/or propagation material thereof infected by or susceptible to attack by fungi.
• the fungicidal composition of the present disclosure can be applied either before or after the plants or propagation material thereof is infected by fungi. It may be applied to the soil before emergence of the plants, either pre-planting or post-planting or as a foliar spray at different stages of crop development, with one or more applications early or late post-emergence.
• the fungicidal composition of the present disclosure has enhanced fungicidal activity and combats resistance shown by the fungi.
• the fungicidal composition may be used to control diseases in agricultural lands for cultivating plants without any phytotoxic effect on the plants.
• Example 1 Mancozeb 50% + Azoxystrobin 5% + Thifluza 4.5% WG (T1 )
• 60g Mancozeb technical, 6g Azoxystrobin technical and 5g Thifluzamide technical were mixed along with 2g sodium lauryl sulphate, 4g modified sodium lignosulphonate, 2g sodium alkyl naphthalene sulphonate condensate and 20.5g ammonium sulphate to obtain a first mixture.
• the first mixture was milled to obtain a homogenized mixture having particle size in the range of 3 pm to 10 pm.
• the homogenized mixture was admixed with 0.5g Silicon anti foam emulsion and water to obtain an admixture that was kneaded to obtain a dough.
• the dough was extruded to obtain extruded granules which were dried under predetermined conditions to obtain granules having size in the range of 0.2mm to 2mm.
• 71g Mancozeb technical, 7.6g Azoxystrobin technical and 5g Thifluzamide technical were mixed along with 2g sodium lauryl sulphate, 4g modified sodium lignosulphonate, 2g sodium alkyl naphthalene sulphonate formalin condensate and 7.9g ammonium sulphate to obtain a first mixture.
• the first mixture was milled to obtain a homogenized mixture having particle size in the range of 3 pm to 10 pm.
• the homogenized mixture was admixed with 0.5g Silicon anti-foam emulsion and water to obtain an admixture that was kneaded to obtain a dough.
• the dough was extruded to obtain extruded granules which were dried under predetermined conditions to obtain granules having size in the range of 0.2mm to 2mm.
• 60g Mancozeb technical, 6.6g Azoxystrobin technical and 7g Thifluzamide technical were mixed along with 2g sodium lauryl sulphate, 4g modified sodium lignosulphonate, 2g sodium alkyl naphthalene sulphonate formalin condensate and 17.9g ammonium sulphate to obtain a first mixture.
• the first mixture was milled to obtain a homogenized mixture having particle size in the range of 3 pm to 10 pm.
• the homogenized mixture was admixed with 0.5g Silicon anti-foam emulsion and water to obtain an admixture that was kneaded to obtain a dough.
• Example 5 Mancozeb 50% + Picoxystrobin 5% + Thifluzamide 4.5% WG
• 60g Mancozeb technical, 5.3g Picoxystrobin technical and 5g Thifluzamide technical were mixed along with 2g sodium lauryl sulphate, 4g modified sodium lignosulphonate, 2g sodium alkyl naphthalene sulphonate condensate and 21.2g ammonium sulphate to obtain a first mixture.
• the first mixture was milled to obtain a homogenized mixture having particle size in the range of 3 pm to 10 pm.
• the homogenized mixture was admixed with 0.5g Silicon anti foam emulsion and water to obtain an admixture that was kneaded to obtain a dough.
• the dough was extruded to obtain extruded granules which were dried under predetermined conditions to obtain granules having size in the range of 0.2mm to 2mm.
• 71g Mancozeb technical, 6.3g Picoxystrobin technical and 6g Thifluzamide technical were mixed along with 2g sodium lauryl sulphate, 4g modified sodium lignosulphonate, 2g sodium alkyl naphthalene sulphonate condensate and 8.2g ammonium sulphate to obtain a first mixture.
• the first mixture was milled to obtain a homogenized mixture having particle size in the range of 3 pm to 10 pm.
• the homogenized mixture was admixed with 0.5g Silicon anti foam emulsion and water to obtain an admixture that was kneaded to obtain a dough.
• the dough was extruded to obtain extruded granules which were dried under predetermined conditions to obtain granules having size in the range of 0.2mm to 2mm.
• 71g Mancozeb technical, 7.3g Picoxystrobin technical and 5g Thifluzamide technical were mixed along with 2g sodium lauryl sulphate, 4g modified sodium lignosulphonate, 2g sodium alkyl naphthalene sulphonate condensate and 8.2g ammonium sulphate to obtain a first mixture.
• the first mixture was milled to obtain a homogenized mixture having particle size in the range of 3 pm to 10 pm.
• the homogenized mixture was admixed with 0.5g Silicon anti foam emulsion and water to obtain an admixture that was kneaded to obtain a dough.
• the dough was extruded to obtain extruded granules which were dried under predetermined conditions to obtain granules having size in the range of 0.2mm to 2mm.
• Example 8 Mancozeb 50% + Picoxystrobin 6% + Thifluzamide 6.5% WG
• 60g Mancozeb technical, 6.3g Picoxystrobin technical and 7g Thifluzamide technical were mixed along with 2g sodium lauryl sulphate, 4g modified sodium lignosulphonate, 2g sodium alkyl naphthalene sulphonate formalin condensate and 18.2g ammonium sulphate to obtain a first mixture.
• the first mixture was milled to obtain a homogenized mixture having particle size in the range of 3 mpi to 10 mpi.
• the homogenized mixture was admixed with 0.5g Silicon anti-foam emulsion and water to obtain an admixture that was kneaded to obtain a dough.
• the dough was extruded to obtain extruded granules which were dried under predetermined conditions to obtain granules having size in the range of 0.2mm to 2mm.
• compositions formulated in Examples 1 to 4 were subjected to accelerated storage stability study
• compositions formulated in Examples 5 to 8 were subjected to accelerated storage stability study.
• compositions formulated in Examples 1 to 8 were found to be stable at the end of the accelerated storage stability study.
• Fungicidal combinations as formulated in Examples 1 to 4 were tested at given concentrations with two way possible tank mix combinations i.e., Mancozeb 75% WP + Azoxystrobin (Tank Mix), Thifluzamide 24% SC + Azoxystrobin 25% SC (Tank Mix) & Mancozeb 75% WP + Thifluzamide 24% SC (Tank mix) along with solo individual fungicides i.e., Azoxystrobin 25% SC, Mancozeb 75% WP & Thifluzamide 24% SC and Untreated Control against Sheath Blight, Blast and Brown spot of Paddy.
• fungicidal combinations as formulated in Examples 5 to 8 were tested at given concentrations with two way possible tank mix combinations i.e. Mancozeb 75% WP + Picoxystrobin (Tank Mix), Thifluzamide 24% SC + Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC (Tank Mix) & Mancozeb 75% WP + Thifluzamide 24% SC (Tank mix) along with solo individual fungicides i.e., Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC, Mancozeb 75% WP & Thifluzamide 24% SC and Untreated Control against Sheath Blight, Blast and Brown spot of Paddy.
• the fungicides were applied as foliar spray with Knapsack Sprayer fitted with solid cone nozzle. Application was initiated as preventive in the field. The sprayings were done at 10 days interval. The appearance of the visible symptom of the diseases was recorded before I st spray and subsequent observations were recorded after 10 days of each spray. The observations were graded on (0-9) disease scoring scale for Sheath Blight, Blast and Brown spot of Paddy.
• PDI Percent disease index
• the PDI values were transformed by angular transformation and analyzed statistically.
• the disease control DC (%) was calculated by the following formula.
• T4 treatments (Tl to T4) are significantly superior over rest of all treatments. At 10 days after third application also similar trend observed as of after second application. Where, the significant lowest Sheath blight disease was observed in T2 (0.67%) which was superior over T4 (2.40%), T3 (2.80%) and Tl (5.20%). The highest disease was observed in untreated control T15 (15.07%). These treatments (Tl to T4) were significantly superior over rest of all treatments.
• the highest percent disease control (PDC) was recorded in treatment T2 (95.55%), followed by T4 (84.07%), T3 (81.42%), Tl (65.49) and T14 (53.95%). The lowest disease control was recorded in treatment T9 (11.48%), followed by Tl l (28.33%) and T10 (41.61%).
• Control T15 (26.13 q/ha).
• T2 36.60 q/ha
• T3 34.73 q/ha
• Tl 33.00%
• T14 32.33 q/ha
• T13 31.80 q/ha
• T12 31.27 q/ha
• All test fungicide treatments (Tl to T4) were significantly superior over solo fungicide treatments (T9 to Tl 1) and two way tank mix combination treatments (T12 toTl4 q/ha).
• the three fungicide ready combinations were sprayed at doses X (1500 g/ha) and 2X (3000 g/ha) to check the phytotoxic effects like leaf injury on tips/surface, vein clearing, wilting, necrosis, hyponasty and epinasty on the Paddy crop.
• the observations on these phytotoxicity parameters were observed on before spray and at 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after application. But there was no any phytotoxicity observed on Paddy crop after spraying in any treatment. There was no adverse effect noticed on Paddy crop in the field applied with fungicides combinations at highest dose of @ 3000 g/ha.
• test fungicides shows synergistic effect for controlling the diseases. Also to prolong the effectiveness of fungicides liable to encounter resistance problems and to limit crop losses, the test fungicides can be used effectively and safely for the management of diseases rather than solo Mancozeb 75% WP, Azoxystrobin 25% SC/Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC and Thifluzamide 24% SC and their two way possible tank mix combinations.
• the present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of a fungicidal composition having enhanced fungicidal activity and not prone to development of resistance.
• first, second, third, etc. should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure as the aforementioned terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another component, region, layer or section. Terms such as first, second, third etc., when used herein do not imply a specific sequence or order unless clearly suggested by the present disclosure.

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