WO2019238009A1 - 电子设备、通信方法和存储介质 - Google Patents

电子设备、通信方法和存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019238009A1
WO2019238009A1 PCT/CN2019/090572 CN2019090572W WO2019238009A1 WO 2019238009 A1 WO2019238009 A1 WO 2019238009A1 CN 2019090572 W CN2019090572 W CN 2019090572W WO 2019238009 A1 WO2019238009 A1 WO 2019238009A1
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Prior art keywords
data
terminal devices
electronic device
terminal
processing circuit
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PCT/CN2019/090572
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈巍
赵霄宇
郭欣
孙晨
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索尼公司
陈巍
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Application filed by 索尼公司, 陈巍 filed Critical 索尼公司
Priority to US17/056,428 priority Critical patent/US11838945B2/en
Priority to CN201980038228.0A priority patent/CN112237025A/zh
Publication of WO2019238009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019238009A1/zh
Priority to US18/510,671 priority patent/US20240121817A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0294—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control forcing collision
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA
    • H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA carrier sensing with collision avoidance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/121—Wireless traffic scheduling for groups of terminals or users
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/56—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria
    • H04W72/566—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the information or information source or recipient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/004—Transmission of channel access control information in the uplink, i.e. towards network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/008—Transmission of channel access control information with additional processing of random access related information at receiving side
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/006—Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an electronic device, a communication method, and a storage medium, and more particularly, the present disclosure relates to an electronic device, a communication method, and a storage medium for contention-based uplink transmission in a wireless communication system.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 (“Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Technologies", 3GPP TR 38.913) by Xu Xiaodong et al.
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • mMTC Massive machine communication
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low-latency communication
  • URLLC is more concerned about latency and reliability.
  • URLLC is expected to be used in scenarios that are sensitive to delay and reliability, such as enhanced car-to-car (V2X), factory automation, point-to-point communication (P2P), and wireless sensor network (WSN).
  • V2X enhanced car-to-car
  • P2P point-to-point communication
  • WSN wireless sensor network
  • Non-Patent Document 1 also proposes specific requirements for latency and reliability in the URLLC scenario.
  • the delay of the control plane does not exceed 10ms
  • the delay of the user plane does not exceed 1ms (of which the uplink does not exceed 0.5ms and the downlink does not exceed 0.5ms)
  • the reliability is not less than 1-10 -5 (The packet length is 32 bytes).
  • This requires key designs in areas such as core network deployment, physical layer, and media access control (MAC) layer.
  • MAC media access control
  • Figure 1 illustrates the application of URLLC in a factory automation scenario.
  • a control device and several terminal devices are distributed in a space of tens of meters with a certain rule, which is generally called an automated cell.
  • the terminal equipment constitutes the assembly line of the factory, including sensors and actuators, etc., used to implement the main process flow.
  • the main control unit BS constitutes the communication and control center of the automation cell, which communicates with each terminal device and performs information interaction.
  • the senor transmits environmental information to the main control unit BS, and the main control unit BS sends a control command to the actuator based on a certain strategy to complete certain operations.
  • data transmission needs to be completed in a very short time (for example, 1ms). Assuming that the transmission of the physical layer can be completed within 100 ⁇ s, it is expected that the data delay of the MAC layer will reach, for example, 0.3ms upstream and 0.5ms downstream And hope that the data transmission has high reliability.
  • the present disclosure provides a number of aspects to meet the aforementioned needs.
  • An aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device for controlling a device side, including a processing circuit configured to: group the plurality of terminal devices based on data configuration characteristics of the plurality of terminal devices; determine A competition window for each group; each terminal device of the plurality of terminal devices is notified of a competition window associated with the terminal device, so that each terminal device can compete in a respective competition window data transmission.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device for a terminal device side, including a processing circuit configured to receive information about a contention window allocated to the terminal device from a control device, wherein The contention window is determined by the control device based on data configuration characteristics of multiple terminal devices including the terminal device; and data is transmitted in a competitive manner within the contention window.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a communication method including: grouping a plurality of terminal devices based on data configuration characteristics of the plurality of terminal devices; determining a competition window for each group; Each terminal device in the terminal device notifies the competition window associated with the terminal device, so that each terminal device can perform data transmission in a competitive manner within its own competition window.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a communication method including receiving information from a control device about a competition window assigned to the terminal device, wherein the competition window is based on the control device including the terminal device.
  • the data configuration characteristics of multiple terminal devices are determined; data transmission is performed in a competitive manner within the contention window.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed, implement any one of the communication methods described above in the claims.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device on the control device side, including a processing circuit configured to: receive at least two terminal devices simultaneously transmitting data in a competitive manner within the same contention window; The data cannot be decoded, and a retransmission request is sent to a part of the at least two terminal devices.
  • uplink transmission with low delay and high reliability can be achieved.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary communication scenario for factory automation
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a conceptual block diagram of contention-based uplink transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 3A illustrates a signaling flow of a control device pulling data configuration characteristics / statistical metrics from a terminal device
  • FIG. 3B illustrates a signaling flow in which a terminal device pushes data configuration characteristics / statistical metrics to a control device
  • 4A is a diagram illustrating an uplink frame structure according to a 4G communication standard
  • 4B is a diagram illustrating an uplink frame structure according to the 5G communication standard
  • control device BS resolves transmission conflicts through NOMA decoding
  • 6A-6B illustrate examples of retransmission mechanisms of the control device BS
  • FIG. 7A-7B illustrate an electronic device for controlling a device side and a communication method thereof according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 8A-8B illustrate an electronic device for a terminal device side and a communication method thereof according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary communication flow according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a first example of a schematic configuration of a control device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a second example illustrating a schematic configuration of a control device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration example illustrating a smartphone according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration example illustrating a car navigation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating contention-based uplink transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 shows the basic idea of the embodiment of the present disclosure in the simplest manner, and omits other details required for practice.
  • uplink transmission occurs in the direction of the link from the terminal device to the control device.
  • control device refers to a device located on a network control side of a wireless communication system or a radio system, and includes at least a wireless communication station that provides communication services for a plurality of terminal devices, which has the full breadth of the usual meaning.
  • the control device may be a base station such as 4G communication standard eNB and 5G communication standard gNB, a master control unit in an automated factory, a remote radio head, a wireless access point, a drone control tower, or the like Functional communication device or part thereof.
  • 4G communication standard eNB and 5G communication standard gNB a master control unit in an automated factory
  • remote radio head a remote radio head
  • wireless access point a wireless access point
  • drone control tower or the like Functional communication device or part thereof.
  • terminal device used in the present disclosure is a device located on the user side of a wireless communication system or a radio system, which has the full breadth of the usual meaning.
  • a terminal device is sometimes referred to herein as a user, user equipment, or UE.
  • the terminal device may be a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, a laptop, a tablet computer, an in-vehicle communication device, etc., or a non-mobile device, such as a sensor, an actuator, etc. in a factory.
  • a mobile device such as a mobile phone, a laptop, a tablet computer, an in-vehicle communication device, etc.
  • a non-mobile device such as a sensor, an actuator, etc. in a factory.
  • a plurality of terminal devices communicating with it are grouped by a control device.
  • the control device acquires data configuration characteristics of the plurality of terminal devices, and divides the terminal devices into two or more terminal device groups according to the data configuration characteristics.
  • the control device can perform MAC layer scheduling in units of groups (terminal device groups), such as contention windows and allocation of transmission resources to be described later.
  • the control device may regroup based on the changed data configuration characteristics.
  • the control device determines the contention window for each terminal device group.
  • the “contention window” mentioned in the present disclosure refers to a time window in which a terminal device in a corresponding group can perform uplink data transmission with a control device. Different from the "transmission resources" (such as physical resource block PRB) described later, the contention window has a larger time granularity, and the transmission resources allocated by the control device to each terminal device group fall within the corresponding contention window.
  • the control device may notify each terminal device of the competition window of the group to which the terminal device belongs. In this way, each terminal device will know the contention window in which it can perform uplink data transmission. When data is to be sent to the control device, it can utilize the available transmission resources to perform uplink data transmission within the contention window.
  • the terminal devices in each group perform data transmission in a contention-based manner, that is, contention-based data transmission. Specifically, the control device allocates, for each group, transmission resources common to all terminal devices in the group, and any terminal device can initiate data transmission by using the common transmission resources at the time of the contention window. When two or more terminal devices in the same group transmit data at the same time, a transmission conflict may occur. The control device uses a predetermined conflict decision to resolve the conflict.
  • control device can also use the feedback mechanism to adjust the grouping of terminal devices to optimize the overall transmission performance. As shown in FIG. 2, the control device collects statistical metrics of data transmission of each terminal device over a period of time, and optimizes grouping based on the statistical metrics.
  • the control device groups a plurality of terminal devices with which it communicates, and performs transmission scheduling at the MAC layer on the basis of the group.
  • the grouped terminal devices may be all the terminal devices that communicate with the control device, or may be a part of the terminal devices selected from them as required.
  • the plurality of terminal devices are divided into two or more terminal device groups, where each terminal device group includes at least one terminal device.
  • the “grouping” mentioned in the present disclosure is a grouping in a logical sense, that is, dividing the plurality of terminal devices into several subsets with or without intersection.
  • the grouping of terminal devices may be based on the data configuration characteristics of the terminal devices.
  • the data configuration characteristic may refer to characteristic information related to a configuration (ie, a data pattern) of data generation and transmission.
  • data configuration characteristics may include one or more of the following: characteristics related to the generation of data, such as the ID of the terminal device that generated the data, the location or geographic information of the terminal device, and the participation of the terminal device in generating the data Identification information (such as number) of the process or operation performed, data generation cycle, data generation rate, data volume, etc .; characteristics related to the form of data, such as the length of data packets; characteristics related to data transmission requirements , Such as sending frequency, delay constraints, reliability constraints, quality of service constraints, etc.
  • the data configuration feature may also be other feature information capable of characterizing the data mode of the terminal device.
  • the type of data configuration feature used by the control device may vary. In different application scenarios, the data configuration characteristics used by the control device may be different, and are not even limited to those described above.
  • the control device obtains data configuration characteristics from various terminal devices.
  • two exemplary methods for acquiring data configuration characteristics are described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a manner in which a control device pulls data configuration features from a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3B illustrates push data by a terminal device to the control device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure Ways to configure characteristics.
  • the control device first, the control device generates a measurement configuration request to be sent to the terminal device.
  • the measurement configuration request includes information about which data configuration characteristics the control device wishes to acquire.
  • the measurement configuration request includes an index indicating a data configuration characteristic, so that the signaling overhead of the measurement configuration request message sent to the terminal device can be reduced.
  • the terminal device After receiving the measurement configuration request, the terminal device encapsulates the data configuration characteristics specified in the measurement configuration request into a measurement report and sends it to the control device.
  • the measurement configuration request may also include a mode in which the control device expects the terminal device to feedback data configuration characteristics, including: a periodic mode, in which the terminal device will use the frequency specified in the measurement configuration request (such as once an hour, once a day, Etc.) to periodically feed back the latest data configuration characteristics; single-shot mode, in which the terminal device will feed back the data configuration characteristics only after receiving the request; in event-driven mode, the terminal device will When a trigger event occurs (for example, the data configuration feature is updated, the terminal device is initialized, the communication connection is restored, etc.), the data configuration feature is fed back.
  • a trigger event for example, the data configuration feature is updated, the terminal device is initialized, the communication connection is restored, etc.
  • the terminal device sends an update report containing the latest data configuration characteristics to the control device.
  • the control device After receiving the update report, the control device stores the information about the data configuration characteristics contained therein, and sends the information to the terminal.
  • the device sends a confirmation response.
  • This process can be viewed as a terminal device's "push" data configuration feature.
  • the mode in which the terminal device pushes the data configuration feature may include: a periodic mode, in which the terminal device periodically pushes an update report; an event-driven mode, in which the terminal device will trigger an event (such as a data configuration feature being Update, terminal device initialization, communication connection restoration, etc.) to push data configuration features.
  • control device may obtain data configuration characteristics from a third-party device.
  • the management system of the terminal device may have a database that stores various information related to the terminal device.
  • the data configuration characteristics of each terminal device can be stored or backed up in such a database along with other configuration information.
  • the control device can obtain the data configuration characteristics of each terminal device from the database through the application layer (for example, a database application, a web application, etc.), without acquiring it from the terminal device.
  • the control device After acquiring the data configuration characteristics of each terminal device, the control device determines the grouping of the terminal devices according to various algorithms or criteria. The control device performs uplink transmission scheduling on the basis of the group, and all terminal devices in the group will be allowed to perform data transmission in a competitive manner. In other words, the control device determines which terminal devices are competing with each other for data transmission.
  • the control device When performing grouping, the control device mainly considers two compromises: on the one hand, the terminal devices in each group can make full use of the transmission resources allocated to the group as much as possible to improve the resource use efficiency; on the other hand, each The terminal devices in the group meet the transmission requirements of delay and reliability.
  • the control device can consider the correlation between multiple terminal devices from the perspective of the data mode.
  • control device determines the correlation between the terminal devices as a critical measure for grouping.
  • the correlation between terminal devices may include, for example, temporal correlation, spatial correlation, process correlation, causality correlation, and the like.
  • the following uses the scenario of factory automation as an example to explain the correlation between terminal devices. It should be understood that the correlations in different application scenarios may be different, and one or more correlations may be selected for grouping.
  • the production line can adopt various types of layouts, such as project layout, pipeline layout, cluster layout or hybrid layout.
  • the production line can consist of several production units, each of which is responsible for a part of the entire production process.
  • Terminal devices such as sensors and actuators (such as UE1 to UE6 shown in FIG. 1) are installed at appropriate positions on the production line according to the process flow.
  • the functions of the production unit are performed automatically and interlocked by these terminal devices under the control of a control device (such as the BS shown in FIG. 1).
  • a control device such as the BS shown in FIG. 1).
  • each terminal device performs an operation according to a control command that is pre-configured or controlled by the device.
  • sensors perform operations such as detection, measurement, and produce result data.
  • the sensor reports the generated data to the control device BS, so that the control device BS can learn the operating status and environmental information of the production line or production unit.
  • the control device BS can then generate control commands and send them to the actuator.
  • the actuator performs various operations based on pre-configured or control commands.
  • the actuator can also generate data such as execution result, execution status, execution error, and feedback to the control device BS.
  • control devices can evaluate correlations by analyzing data configuration characteristics:
  • Terminal devices deployed in nearby locations tend to have spatial correlation.
  • the control device evaluates the spatial correlation based on the location or geographic information of the terminal device.
  • terminal devices with high spatial correlation can share the same airspace resources;
  • Terminal equipment performing adjacent or similar processes may have time correlation.
  • the control device evaluates the time interval and sequence of data generated by each terminal device. In one example, the control device may evaluate this temporal correlation by, for example, calculating the dispersion in time;
  • Terminal devices belonging to the same generation unit usually have a correlation in the process.
  • the control device evaluates the relevance of this process based on the ID of the terminal device, the process involved, or the operation performed;
  • the control device may choose to evaluate the correlation. There are various methods for assessing correlation, such as a qualitative method for simply assessing the affiliation relationship, or a quantitative method for assessing correlation coefficient, dispersion, and the like. Based on the evaluated correlation, the control device clusters the terminal devices. Typically, the control device can group terminal devices with high correlation into the same terminal device group. The control device can also quantify the correlation and group terminal devices whose correlation is higher than a predetermined threshold into the same group.
  • control device can perform grouping of terminal devices by weighting the correlations, Euclidean distance in the correlation space, and the like.
  • the control device may determine the service priority of each terminal device as a critical metric for grouping.
  • Service priority may be indicated by a quality of service category indicator (QCI).
  • QCI quality of service category indicator
  • the service priority may also consider delay constraints and reliability constraints of data transmission. For example, a terminal device with a lower transmission delay and higher reliability may have a higher service priority.
  • the control device avoids grouping terminal devices with high service priority (for example, service priority is higher than a predetermined threshold) into the same group to prevent data transmission of terminal devices with high service priority from each other due to competition. If necessary, a terminal device with a high service priority can be grouped separately to ensure the priority transmission of the terminal device.
  • Factors such as channel status can also be taken into consideration by the control device during the control device's grouping. Based on the channel state information (CSI) from the terminal devices, the control device can group terminal devices with similar channel states into the same group. The control device can also avoid too many terminal devices with poor channel status from being concentrated in the same group.
  • CSI channel state information
  • the control device may divide the terminal device into multiple groups. Therefore, the terminal device can use multiple contention windows for data transmission.
  • control device may also comprehensively consider various critical metrics.
  • the control device can also directly take data configuration features as input, and perform grouping of terminal devices through various clustering or classification methods such as based on k-nearest neighbor method, decision tree, SVM, and the like.
  • the smaller the number of groups the larger the number of terminal devices in a single group, the more intense the competition within the group, the higher the efficiency of resource use, but meeting the delay constraints and reliability Constraints are high.
  • the larger the number of groups the smaller the number of terminal devices in a single group.
  • the control device can optimize the overall transmission performance by continuously adjusting the packets.
  • the control device when a new terminal device is put into use, when the data configuration characteristics of the terminal device change, and when the channel state of the terminal device changes, the control device can learn the change from the terminal device or a third-party device. And based on the changed data configuration characteristics, channel status, etc., regrouping is performed using the grouping process described above.
  • control device may employ a feedback mechanism to adjust the packets.
  • the control device may collect statistical metrics of data transmission of each terminal device over a period of time, such as a packet transmission success rate, an average packet transmission time, or other statistical metrics.
  • the data packet transmission success rate can be defined as the number of data packets successfully received and decoded by the control device within a period of time (for example, between two statistical metrics collected by the control device) and controlled by the control device. Characterizes the reliability of data transmission under the current packet. For example, each terminal device can set a counter to count the total number of data packets sent by the terminal device to the control device and the number of acknowledgment responses (ACK messages) received from the control device for successfully decoded data packets, and the packet transmission success rate Can be defined as:
  • the average data packet transmission time can be defined as the average value of the transmission time required for a terminal device to successfully transmit a data packet over a period of time (for example, between two statistical metrics collected by the control device), which characterizes the data transmission under the current packet. Delay situation.
  • the terminal device can count the time period between the start of sending a certain data packet and the receipt of the acknowledgment response (ACK message) as the transmission time of the data packet, and calculate all the successfully transmitted data packets
  • the average value of the transmission time is used as the average transmission time of the packet.
  • the data packet may carry transmission time information (for example, a transmission time stamp), and the control device may use a difference between the transmission time information and the time information when the data packet is successfully received and decoded at the control device.
  • the terminal device may calculate an average value of the number of retransmissions of all successfully transmitted data packets as the average transmission time of the data packets.
  • the counter used for counting the average transmission time of the data packet in the terminal device can update the average transmission time of the data packet in real time during the data transmission process. For example, assuming that during the statistical period, the average transmission time of the first N packets successfully transmitted is T N , and then the transmission time of the N + 1th packet is measured as G N + 1 , then the counter can be according to the following formula Update the average transmission time T N + 1 of these N + 1 packets:
  • the above-mentioned statistical metrics obtained at the terminal device can be transmitted to the control device similarly to the data configuration characteristics.
  • the control device determines a measurement configuration request to be sent to the terminal device.
  • the measurement configuration request includes information about which statistical metrics the control device wishes to obtain.
  • the measurement configuration request includes an index representing a statistical metric.
  • the terminal device counts statistical metrics, such as the successful packet transmission rate or the average packet transmission, within a specific time period (for example, since the last feedback statistical measurement to the time period specified in the measurement configuration request) Time, encapsulate the statistical metrics into a measurement report, and send it to the control device.
  • the measurement configuration request may also include a mode in which the control device expects the terminal device to feedback statistical metrics, including: periodic mode, in which the terminal device will use the frequency specified in the measurement configuration request (such as once an hour, once a day, etc.) To periodically feed back the latest statistical metrics; single-shot mode, in which the terminal device will only feed back statistical metrics once after receiving the request; event-driven mode, in which the terminal device will Feedback statistical metrics.
  • periodic mode in which the terminal device will use the frequency specified in the measurement configuration request (such as once an hour, once a day, etc.) To periodically feed back the latest statistical metrics
  • single-shot mode in which the terminal device will only feed back statistical metrics once after receiving the request
  • event-driven mode in which the terminal device will Feedback statistical metrics.
  • the terminal device sends an update report containing the latest statistical metrics to the control device, and the control device receives the update report and sends a confirmation response to the terminal device.
  • This process can be viewed as the terminal device actively "pushing" statistical metrics.
  • the mode for the terminal device to push the statistical metric may include: a periodic mode, in which the terminal device periodically pushes an update report; and an event-driven mode, in which the terminal device pushes a statistical metric when a trigger event occurs.
  • the control device analyzes the delay situation and / or reliability situation of data transmission under the current terminal device grouping based on the obtained statistical metrics. Based on the statistical metrics of each terminal device, the control device determines whether the transmission requirements of each terminal device are met by comparing the statistical metrics with the transmission requirements of the terminal device (such as delay requirements, reliability requirements, etc.), and determines whether Need to adjust grouping.
  • the control device may adopt various strategies to adjust the Grouping. For example, according to its data configuration characteristics, the terminal device is moved to a less competitive group, such as a terminal device group with adjacent competition windows and good delay and / or reliability conditions. As another example, the control device reduces the number of terminal devices in the group to which the terminal device belongs. As another example, the control device may even create a new packet for the terminal device. As another example, the control device may extend the contention window of the group or allocate more transmission resources to the group.
  • control device may follow the grouping described above. Process to regroup.
  • the control device may perform the grouping using a grouping algorithm / criteria different from the last grouping.
  • the control device can obtain statistical metrics and adjust groups periodically, such as once an hour, once a day, once a week, and so on. Adjusting packets at a high frequency can optimize transmission performance in a timely manner, but may consume more computing resources and transmission resources.
  • the control equipment (such as the control equipment BS in FIG. 1) can collect statistical metrics and adjust the grouping of terminal equipment every night when the production line is shut down.
  • the control device determines a contention window for each terminal device group, that is, a time window during which the terminal devices in each group can transmit data to the control device.
  • the competition windows determined by the control device for the different groups may not overlap with each other in the time domain, or although they overlap or overlap in the time domain, the frequency domain resources and code domain resources used by the different groups, etc. Different from each other (for example, mutually orthogonal).
  • a "contention window” can be understood as a time window with a specific set of transmission resources.
  • the following uses the uplink frame structure used in 4G LTE and the frame structure used in 5G NR as examples to schematically describe the form of contention windows and transmission resources.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a diagram 400 of an uplink frame structure in LTE.
  • a 10ms frame is divided into 10 equally-sized subframes.
  • Each subframe is 1ms and can include 2 consecutive time slots.
  • Each slot includes several physical resource blocks (PRBs).
  • a resource grid may be used to represent time slots.
  • each PRB contains 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain, and for a normal cyclic prefix in each OFDM symbol, it contains 7 consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain, or in other words every
  • Each PRB contains 84 resource elements (RE).
  • the PRB available for uplink transmission can be divided into a data section and a control section.
  • the PRBs (such as 410a, 410b) in the control section may be assigned to terminal devices for transmitting control information.
  • the data section may include all PRBs that are not included in the control section.
  • the terminal device may also be assigned a PRB (such as 420a, 420b) in the data section for transmitting data to the control device eNB.
  • PRB is a common unit group allocated in LTE.
  • FIG. 4B shows a diagram of an uplink frame structure in a 5G communication system.
  • the frame (10ms) in 5G NR also includes 10 subframes of equal size.
  • the difference is that the frame structure in NR has a flexible architecture based on the subcarrier spacing.
  • the time slot of each subframe can be configured, and the number of symbols in each time slot can also be configured.
  • NR also proposed the concept of mini-slot for URLLC.
  • the contention window can be of various granularities depending on the scheduling configuration of the wireless communication system.
  • the contention window may be a time window associated with one or more consecutive frames, subframes, time slots, mini time slots, and the like.
  • the transmission resources allocated for each group may be physical resource blocks, resource elements, etc. with a smaller granularity than that of the contention window. Transmission resources may also include resources in the power domain.
  • the contention window allocated by the control device for each terminal device group may be of equal size, which will simplify the complexity of resource scheduling.
  • the control device may assign different sizes of contention windows to different groups.
  • the contention window allocated by the control device to each terminal device group may be periodic until the grouping of the terminal device is changed or the contention window is re-determined. In this way, the control device can notify the terminal device of the contention window associated with it only once, which will reduce signaling transmission overhead.
  • the contention window determined by the control device for each terminal device group matches the data pattern of the terminal devices in the group.
  • the contention window is a period of time when the time points at which the terminal devices in the group want to send data are generally concentrated, and the span of the contention window is sufficient to allow all or most of the terminal devices to complete data transmission.
  • the control device considers the competition windows of all groups in a unified manner, and avoids interference between data transmission of each group to the greatest extent.
  • the control device may notify each terminal device of the competition window of the group to which the terminal device belongs.
  • the notification of the contention window may be performed on a physical layer control channel such as a PDCCH, or may be performed on higher layer signaling such as MAC layer signaling, RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, and the like.
  • the control device can in turn allocate transmission resources for each group.
  • the transmission resources of different groups can be the same. However, for terminal device groups with overlapping contention windows, their transmission resources are mutually orthogonal to avoid inter-group interference.
  • a transmission resource is, for example, a set of physical resource blocks or resource elements.
  • the transmission resources match the data pattern of each group.
  • the control device sends resource allocation information to the terminal devices in each group through a control channel (such as a PDCCH, a MAC control element, and an RRC reconfiguration message).
  • the operation of the control device to determine and notify the contention window may be implicit in the allocation and notification operations of the transmission resources.
  • a control device allocates a terminal device group with a set of transmission resources in a specific time domain, such as several PRBs that span one or more time slots, since the terminal devices in the group can be used for data transmission, The time window is in the time domain range, so it can be considered that a contention window has been determined for the terminal device group.
  • the contention window may be reflected by the set of allocated transmission resources.
  • Each terminal device receives information of the contention window corresponding to it, and uses available transmission resources to perform uplink data transmission within the contention window. This is different from the competition-based random access process in the prior art.
  • the terminal device does not need to send a preamble (Msg1) of the random access to the control device, but directly transmits uplink data to reduce the delay (for example, directly Transmission of Msg3 in the traditional random access process.
  • Msg3 is transmitted via the uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) and contains the cell wireless network temporary identifier MAC control element related to the UE Contention Resolution Resolution submitted from the upper layer ( C-RNTI (MAC (CE) or Common Control Channel Service Data Unit (CCCH (SDU)).
  • C-RNTI MAC
  • CCCH Common Control Channel Service Data Unit
  • the terminal device performs data transmission in a contention-based manner.
  • the control device allocates transmission resources in units of groups, such as time-frequency resources, code domain resources, and transmission power, which are used for transmission. For all terminal devices in the group, these transmission resources are shared.
  • a terminal device If a terminal device has data that needs to be transmitted upstream, it will randomly select a time point within the contention window to start transmission, but the time from that point in time to the time the contention window is closed is long enough to complete at least a single uplink transmission of data. Whether the terminal device decides whether to perform the access depends on the random access factor.
  • the random access factor indicates the access frequency of the user, which is determined by the channel state, the transmission mode of the terminal device, and the reliability requirements and delay requirements of the user.
  • the terminal equipment also determines the transmit power used for transmission, for example, the power previously allocated by the control equipment.
  • the control device receives mixed signals and manages such conflicts through conflict decisions (such as the conflict decisions described in detail below). In the case of successfully decoding the mixed signal, the control device obtains data sent by each terminal device.
  • the control device can recover the data packet sent by the terminal device by decoding the received transmission signal.
  • the uplink transmission periods of at least two terminal devices in the same group overlap.
  • the at least two terminal devices share transmission resources and perform data transmission simultaneously.
  • the transmitted signals are superimposed on each other in the channel, so the control device will receive mixed signals. This leads to transmission conflicts.
  • NOMA non-orthogonal multiple access
  • NOMA channel transmission still uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) or Discrete Fourier Transform Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) technology, but only transmits resources in a sub-band (such as time domain, frequency Domain resources) are no longer allocated to only one terminal device, but are shared by multiple terminal devices to improve spectrum efficiency, maximum number of users, and data throughput.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • DFT-S-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • Examples of NOMA include Resource Extended Multiple Access (RSMA), Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA), Multi-User Shared Access (MUSA), and patterns Split multiple access (Pattern, Division, Multiple Access, PDMA) and so on.
  • RSMA Resource Extended Multiple Access
  • SCMA Sparse Code Multiple Access
  • MUSA Multi-User Shared Access
  • PDMA Pattern
  • the control device also allocates different signal power to each terminal device when performing resource scheduling, so that the transmission signals of the terminal devices have different transmission energy.
  • the control device uses serial interference cancellation (SIC) to implement multi-user detection and user data decoding.
  • SIC serial interference cancellation
  • the basic idea of serial interference cancellation is to use a step-by-step interference cancellation strategy.
  • the terminal device's signal is judged one by one in the received signal.
  • the multiple access interference (MAI) generated by the terminal device signal is removed from the received signal Subtract, and judge again for the remaining terminal equipment, and operate in this way until all the multiple access interference is eliminated.
  • control device may still recover the data of each terminal device.
  • the control device allocates a different SCMA codebook to each terminal device.
  • the terminal equipment wants to transmit data
  • the terminal equipment uses SCMA encoder to perform SCMA encoding on the data.
  • the control device receives a transmission signal from one or more terminal devices, the control device uses an algorithm such as MPA detection to decode the received signal.
  • each terminal device has a non-orthogonal feature pattern specific to the terminal device.
  • the PDMA encoder at the terminal device uses the PDMA pattern matrix to perform pattern mapping on the data's modulation signal.
  • the control device receives transmission signals from one or more terminal devices, and performs multi-user detection using, for example, the SIC algorithm or the BP (Brief Propagation) algorithm.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of managing conflicts by utilizing NOMA decoding according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • terminal devices UE1 and UE2 that are classified into the same group transmit data at the same time, resulting in a conflict.
  • the control device BS receives a mixed signal obtained by superimposing the transmission signal of UE1 and the transmission signal of UE2 in a channel.
  • the control device BS performs NOMA decoding on this mixed signal.
  • the control device BS sends acknowledgement response ACKs (for example, the UE contention identification of the corresponding UE) to UE1 and UE2 to indicate the successful transmission of the data packet.
  • acknowledgement response ACKs for example, the UE contention identification of the corresponding UE
  • control device When the control device cannot successfully decode the data of the terminal device even though the NOMA technology is used, the control device may request the terminal device to retransmit.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates an example of a retransmission mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • terminal devices UE1 and UE2 that are classified into the same group transmit data at the same time, resulting in a conflict.
  • the control device BS decodes the mixed signal.
  • the control device BS sends a retransmission request to UE1 and UE2, for example, by sending a negative response NACK indicating that the data packet was not successfully received.
  • control device BS since the control device BS cannot temporarily decode the data of the terminal device, it may not be able to know which terminal devices in the group have performed uplink transmission, and thus cannot determine which terminal devices should send a retransmission request. In this case, the control device BS can send a negative response NACK to all terminal devices in the group.
  • a terminal device that has not previously performed data transmission or has performed a data transmission but has received an acknowledgement response ACK (in FIG. 6A, terminal devices other than UE1 and UE2 in the group) may ignore this NACK and do not perform retransmission. Only terminal devices that have just performed data transmission and have not received any response (in FIG. 6A, such as UE1 and UE2) perform retransmission in response to receiving a NACK.
  • control device BS can distinguish whether it is in the group by indicators that characterize the identity of the terminal device (such as transmission power, UE contention resolution identification, or terminal device-specific packet timestamps, packet length, etc.). Which of the terminal devices have performed uplink transmission, for example, in the example in FIG. 6A, it is determined that UE1 and UE2 have performed uplink transmission.
  • indicators that characterize the identity of the terminal device such as transmission power, UE contention resolution identification, or terminal device-specific packet timestamps, packet length, etc.
  • the control device BS sends a NACK to the UE1 and the UE2 that caused the conflict to request the terminal device to retransmit.
  • UE1 and UE2 determine that data will need to be retransmitted.
  • the terminal device may adopt various retransmission modes such as a scheduling-based retransmission mode and a contention-based retransmission mode.
  • the control device BS allocates mutually different transmission resources to the terminal devices UE1 and UE2 that need to be retransmitted, so that UE1 and UE2 can perform retransmission using the allocated transmission resources.
  • the control device BS allocates new contention windows and shared transmission resources to the terminal devices UE1 and UE2 that need to be retransmitted, so that UE1 and UE2 can use the allocated transmission resources to compete in a competitive manner.
  • Retransmission is performed, for example UE1 and UE2 can perform retransmission using contention-based uplink transmission according to the present disclosure.
  • terminal devices UE1 and UE2 that are classified into the same group transmit data at the same time, resulting in a conflict.
  • the control device BS decodes the mixed signal. When the decoding is unsuccessful, the control device BS selects a part of the terminal devices in the transmission conflicting terminal device instead of all the terminal devices to retransmit.
  • control device BS may consider factors such as the channel state of the terminal device, the number of transmissions, transmission requirements (such as delay requirements, reliability requirements), and service priority.
  • the selection performed by the control device BS can be based on a parameter-based strategy: For each conflicting terminal device, the control device BS is based on the channel status, number of transmissions, and transmission requirements (such as delay requirements, reliability, etc.) of the terminal devices. (Required) and service priority to define parameters that reflect the expected decoding order of the terminal device. If the channel state of the terminal device is better, the number of retransmissions is greater, the transmission requirements are stricter, and the service priority is higher, the value of this parameter is larger. In general, the larger the parameter, the more preferential the corresponding terminal device should decode. The control device BS sends a retransmission request to a part of the terminal devices according to the ordering of these parameters.
  • the control device BS also allocates transmission resources to the terminal device that selects retransmission, so that the terminal device can perform retransmission using the allocated transmission resources. If more than one terminal device is selected for retransmission, the terminal device may adopt a scheduling-based retransmission mode or a contention-based retransmission mode. According to the scheduling-based retransmission mode, the control device BS allocates mutually different transmission resources to the terminal devices that choose to retransmit. According to the contention-based retransmission mode, the control device BS allocates contention windows and shared transmission resources to the terminal devices that choose to retransmit, so that the terminal devices can perform contention-based uplink transmission, such as contention-based uplink transmission according to the present disclosure.
  • the control device BS only sends a negative response NACK to UE1 to request UE1 to retransmit the data.
  • UE1 retransmits the data.
  • the control device BS receives the transmission signal from the UE1 and decodes it.
  • the control device BS may use historical data, that is, the received signals (mixed signals of UE1 and UE2) before retransmission to perform joint decoding. For example, by removing the received signal (transmission signal of UE1) after retransmission from the mixed signal, the data of UE2 is decoded.
  • the control device BS then sends an acknowledgement response ACK to UE1 and UE2 to indicate successful transmission.
  • FIG. 7A is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the electronic device 500 on the control device side according to the embodiment.
  • the electronic device 500 may communicate with a plurality of terminal devices (such as the electronic device 600 described in detail later).
  • the electronic device 500 includes at least a processing circuit 501, and the processing circuit 501 may be configured at least to perform each step of the communication method as shown in FIG. 7B.
  • the processing circuit 501 may refer to various implementations of a digital circuit system, an analog circuit system, or a mixed signal (combination of an analog signal and a digital signal) circuit system that performs functions in a computing system.
  • the processing circuit 501 may include, for example, a circuit such as an integrated circuit (IC), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a portion or circuit of a separate processor core, the entire processor core, a separate processor, such as a field programmable array ( FPGA) programmable hardware devices, and / or systems including multiple processors.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable array
  • the processing circuit 501 includes a grouping unit 502, a determination unit 503, and a notification unit 504.
  • the grouping unit 502 is configured to group terminal devices based on data configuration characteristics of a plurality of terminal devices (step S501 in FIG. 7B).
  • Data configuration characteristics include: the ID of the terminal device, the location of the terminal device, the identification information of the processes or operations performed by the terminal device, the data generation cycle, the length of the data packet, the delay constraints of the data transmission, and the reliability constraints of the data transmission Or service quality category indicators for data streams.
  • the grouping unit 502 may also be configured to consider a channel state between the terminal device and the control device when grouping the terminal devices, for example, by considering channel state information (CSI).
  • CSI channel state information
  • the grouping unit 502 is further configured to adjust the grouping of the terminal devices based on statistical metrics of data transmission by the terminal devices.
  • Statistical measures of data transmission include, for example, the successful packet transmission rate or the average packet transmission time.
  • the determination unit 503 is configured to determine a contention window for each terminal device group (step S502 in FIG. 7B).
  • Each contention window can be determined as one or more consecutive uplink frames, subframes, and time slots.
  • the competition window for each group may be periodic. In the case where non-orthogonal transmission resources are allocated to each group, the contention windows of different groups are determined not to overlap in the time domain. In the case where orthogonal transmission resources are allocated to each group, the contention windows of different groups may overlap in the time domain.
  • the notification unit 504 is configured to notify each terminal device of the competition window associated with it, so that each terminal device can perform data transmission in a competitive manner within its respective competition window (step S503 in FIG. 7B).
  • the information about the contention window may be sent by the notification unit 504 to the corresponding terminal device through a control channel in the form of resource allocation information.
  • the electronic device 500 may further include a decoding unit and a retransmission unit (not shown in FIG. 7A).
  • the decoding unit is configured to decode a signal received from the terminal device to obtain data transmitted by the terminal device.
  • the decoding unit can use NOMA technology to decode the data.
  • the retransmission unit is configured to send a retransmission request to a terminal device or a part of the conflicting terminal device when the decoding of the decoding unit fails.
  • the decoding unit then decodes the retransmitted data.
  • the decoding unit may also perform joint decoding using historical data before retransmission.
  • the electronic device 500 may further include, for example, a communication unit 505 and a memory 506.
  • the communication unit 505 may be configured to communicate with a terminal device under the control of the processing circuit 501.
  • the communication unit 505 may be implemented as a transceiver.
  • the communication unit 505 is drawn with a dashed line because it can also be located outside the electronic device 500.
  • the memory 506 may store various data generated by the processing circuit 501 (for example, grouping information of terminal devices, information of competition windows of each terminal device group, data decoded by a decoding unit, etc.), a program for operation of the electronic device 500 2.
  • Data to be operated by the electronic device 500 for example, data configuration characteristics, statistical metrics of data transmission, channel state information, etc.
  • the memory 506 is drawn with a dashed line because it can also be located inside the processing circuit 501 or outside the electronic device 500.
  • the memory 506 may be a volatile memory and / or a non-volatile memory.
  • the memory 506 may include, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), and flash memory.
  • FIG. 8A is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the electronic device 600 on the terminal device side according to the embodiment.
  • the electronic device 600 is located in a terminal device and can communicate with a control device (such as the electronic device 500 described above).
  • the electronic device 600 includes at least a processing circuit 601, and the processing circuit 601 may be configured at least to perform each step of the communication method as shown in FIG. 8B.
  • the processing circuit 601 may refer to various implementations of a digital circuit system, an analog circuit system, or a mixed signal (combination of analog signals and digital signals) circuit system that performs functions in a computing system.
  • the processing circuit may include, for example, a circuit such as an integrated circuit (IC), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a portion or circuit of a separate processor core, the entire processor core, a separate processor, such as a field programmable array (FPGA) ) Programmable hardware devices, and / or systems including multiple processors.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable array
  • the processing circuit 601 includes a receiving unit 602 and a data transmission unit 603.
  • the receiving unit 602 is configured to receive information about a contention window allocated to the terminal device from the control device (step S601 in FIG. 8B).
  • the competition window is determined by the control device based on the data configuration characteristics of multiple terminal devices including the terminal device.
  • the contention window received by the receiving unit 602 is periodic, so that the data transmission unit 603 periodically transmits data.
  • the data transmission unit 603 is configured to perform data transmission in a competitive manner within the corresponding competition window (step S602 in FIG. 8B).
  • the data transmission unit 603 uses the available transmission resources to randomly access the control device and transmit data, where these transmission resources can be shared by other terminal devices in the same group.
  • the data transmission unit 603 is configured to perform data transmission through NOMA technology.
  • the data transmission unit 603 is also configured to retransmit data in response to receiving a retransmission request from the control device.
  • the processing circuit 601 may further include, for example, a communication unit 604 and a memory 605.
  • the communication unit 604 may be configured to communicate with a terminal device under the control of the processing circuit 601.
  • the communication unit 604 may be implemented as a transceiver.
  • the communication unit 604 is drawn with a dashed line because it can also be located outside the electronic device 600.
  • the memory 605 may store various data generated by the processing circuit 601 (for example, information on the competition window received by the receiving unit 602), a program for the operation of the electronic device 600, data to be transmitted by the communication unit 604, and the like.
  • the memory 604 is drawn with a dashed line because it can also be located inside the processing circuit 601 or outside the electronic device 600.
  • the memory 604 may be a volatile memory and / or a non-volatile memory.
  • the memory 604 may include, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), and flash memory.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a signaling flow of uplink data transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Only two terminal devices UE1 and UE2 are schematically shown in FIG. 9, but it should be understood that the number of terminal devices is not limited thereto. In scenarios such as factory automation, each automated cell may include many terminal devices.
  • the control device BS obtains data configuration characteristics and / or statistical metrics, for example, by pulling or requesting from the terminal devices UE1, UE2 by the control device BS, or by the terminal devices UE1, UE2 to the control Device BS push.
  • the control device BS may also acquire data configuration characteristics from a database of the management system.
  • control device BS groups terminal devices based on data configuration characteristics, or adjusts the grouping of terminal devices based on statistical metrics.
  • UE1 and UE2 may be grouped into the same group, or they may be grouped into different groups.
  • control device BS determines the contention window of each terminal device group, and sends information about the corresponding contention window to each terminal device through the control channel.
  • control device BS performs resource scheduling, allocates transmission resources in units of terminal device groups, and sends resource allocation information to each terminal device through a control channel.
  • Phase 3 and Phase 4 can be combined.
  • the contention window of each terminal device group can be reflected by the set of transmission resources allocated to it.
  • phase 5 when the terminal devices UE1 and UE2 have data to be transmitted, they perform contention-based uplink data transmission in the corresponding contention window through the data channel.
  • control device BS receives the transmission signal from the terminal device and decodes it to obtain data of each terminal device.
  • the signaling process may further include phase 7.
  • the control device BS fails to decode the mixed signals of these terminal devices, and the control device BS makes a conflict decision (as described in the above section). Conflict decision making as described above) to manage such conflicts.
  • the control device BS determines a terminal device that needs to be retransmitted, such as all terminal devices or some terminal devices that cause a conflict, and sends a retransmission request to it.
  • the terminal device retransmits data through the data channel.
  • the technical effects achieved by the uplink transmission scheme according to the present disclosure are verified by simulation below. Assuming that the data arrives randomly, the average delay in the following three uplink transmission modes is simulated: (1) traditional ALOHA; (2) packet-free contention-based uplink transmission; (3) packet-based contention-based uplink transmission Uplink transmission, as described in this disclosure. In the simulation, it is considered that the data arrival of the terminal equipment comes from two aspects, one is generated by itself and has nothing to do with other terminal equipment, and the two are caused by the data generation of other terminal equipment.
  • the specific simulation process is as follows: First, use the arrival rate to model the data arrival of each terminal device, that is, determine the probability of generating data packets in each time slot, and the probability that the data of this terminal device will cause other terminal devices to generate data. . Next, the entire communication process is simulated, and the specific results are as follows:
  • the contention-based uplink transmission according to the present disclosure can further reduce the delay.
  • the contention-based transmission (with packet) according to the present disclosure can ensure high reliability.
  • factory automation is described as an example of a URLLC scenario, but it should be understood that the application scenario of the disclosure is not limited to a factory automation scenario, or even limited to a URLLC scenario.
  • the improved contention-based uplink transmission scheme proposed by the present disclosure can be applied to any application scenario with higher requirements on delay and reliability.
  • each unit of the electronic devices 500 and 600 described in the foregoing embodiments is only a logical module divided according to a specific function implemented by it, and is not intended to limit a specific implementation manner.
  • the foregoing units may be implemented as independent physical entities, or may also be implemented by a single entity (for example, a processor (CPU or DSP, etc.), an integrated circuit, etc.).
  • An electronic device for controlling a device side comprising a processing circuit configured to: group the plurality of terminal devices based on a data configuration characteristic of the plurality of terminal devices; determine for each A group competition window; each terminal device of the plurality of terminal devices is notified of the competition window associated with the terminal device, so that each terminal device can perform data transmission in a competitive manner within its own competition window.
  • processing circuit is further configured to regroup the plurality of terminal devices based on a statistical metric of data transmission of the plurality of terminal devices.
  • the electronic device according to 2), wherein the statistical metric includes at least one of the following items: a data packet transmission success rate and an average data packet transmission time.
  • the electronic device wherein the processing circuit is further configured to: when the decoding is unsuccessful, send a retransmission request to at least a part of the at least two terminal devices.
  • the electronic device wherein the processing circuit is further configured to determine a contention window for the at least a part of the at least two terminal devices and allocate a transmission resource for the at least a part Retransmit data in a competitive manner.
  • processing circuit is further configured to allocate mutually different transmission resources to the at least a part of the at least two terminal devices for the at least a part to Retransmit data in a non-competitive manner.
  • the data configuration characteristic associated with the specific terminal device includes at least one of the following: the ID of the specific terminal device, the location of the specific terminal device, the specific terminal device The number of the participating process, the number of operations performed by the specific terminal device, the period of data generated by the specific terminal device, the length of the data packet, the delay constraints of the data transmission, the reliability constraints of the data transmission, and the data quality of service index.
  • the electronic device wherein the processing circuit is configured to group the plurality of terminal devices by: determining between the plurality of terminal devices based on the data configuration characteristic Correlation; group terminal devices with correlation above the threshold into the same group.
  • the electronic device wherein the processing circuit is configured to group the plurality of terminal devices by: determining a service of the plurality of terminal devices based on the data configuration characteristic Priority; Avoid grouping terminal devices with service priority higher than the threshold into the same group.
  • An electronic device for a terminal device side comprising a processing circuit configured to receive information about a competition window allocated to the terminal device from a control device, wherein the competition window is determined by the The control device is determined based on data configuration characteristics of a plurality of terminal devices including the terminal device, and performs data transmission in a competitive manner within the competition window.
  • the electronic device wherein the statistical metric includes at least one of the following items: a data packet transmission success rate and an average data packet transmission time.
  • processing circuit is further configured to: receive a request for the data configuration feature and / or statistical metric from a control device; and send to the control device in response to the request Information about the data configuration characteristics and / or information about the statistical metrics.
  • a communication method comprising: grouping a plurality of terminal devices based on data configuration characteristics of the plurality of terminal devices; determining a competition window for each group; and assigning to each of the plurality of terminal devices Each terminal device notifies the competition window associated with the terminal device, so that each terminal device can perform data transmission in a competitive manner within its own competition window.
  • a communication method comprising: receiving information about a competition window allocated to the terminal device from a control device, wherein the competition window is based on a plurality of terminal devices including the terminal device by the control device The data configuration characteristics are determined; data is transmitted in a competitive manner within the contention window.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed, implement the communication method described in 29) or 30).
  • An electronic device on the control device side comprising a processing circuit configured to: receive data simultaneously transmitted in a competitive manner by at least two terminal devices in the same contention window; in response to determining that data cannot be decoded And sending a retransmission request to a part of the at least two terminal devices.
  • the electronic device 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented as or installed in various base stations.
  • the communication method as shown in FIG. 7B can be implemented by various base stations.
  • the electronic device 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented as or installed in various terminal devices.
  • the communication method as shown in FIG. 8B can be implemented by various terminal devices.
  • the control device referred to in this disclosure may be implemented as any type of base station, preferably, such as macro gNB and small gNB in the 5G communication standard New Radio (NR) access technology of 3GPP.
  • a small gNB may be a gNB covering a cell smaller than a macro cell, such as a pico gNB, a pico gNB, and a home (femto) gNB.
  • the base station may be implemented as any other type of base station, such as a NodeB, eNodeB, and a base transceiver station (BTS).
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • the control device may further include: a main body configured to control wireless communication, and one or more remote wireless headends (RRH), a wireless relay station, a drone tower, and a main control unit in an automated cell, which are arranged in a place different from the main body. Wait.
  • a main body configured to control wireless communication
  • RRH remote wireless headends
  • wireless relay station a wireless relay station
  • drone tower a drone tower
  • main control unit in an automated cell, which are arranged in a place different from the main body. Wait.
  • the terminal device can be implemented as a mobile terminal such as a smartphone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a notebook PC, a portable game terminal, a portable / dongle-type mobile router, and a digital camera device, or a vehicle-mounted terminal such as a car navigation device.
  • Terminal devices can also be implemented as terminals (also called machine type communication (MTC) terminals) that perform machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, drones, sensors and actuators in automated communities, and the like.
  • the terminal device may be a wireless communication module (such as an integrated circuit module including a single chip) mounted on each of the terminals described above.
  • base station used in this disclosure has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning and includes at least a wireless communication station used to facilitate communication as part of a wireless communication system or radio system.
  • Examples of base stations may be, for example, but not limited to: one or both of a base transceiver station (BTS) and a base station controller (BSC) in a GSM communication system; a radio network controller (RNC) in a 3G communication system One or both of NodeB; eNB in 4G LTE and LTE-Advanced systems; corresponding network nodes in future communication systems (such as gNB that may appear in 5G communication systems, etc.).
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • BSC base station controller
  • RNC radio network controller
  • NodeB NodeB
  • eNB in 4G LTE and LTE-Advanced systems
  • corresponding network nodes in future communication systems such as gNB that may appear in 5G communication systems, etc.
  • a logical entity that has control functions for communication may also be referred to as a base station.
  • the logical entity that plays the role of spectrum coordination can also be called a base station.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a first application example of a schematic configuration of a base station to which the technology described in the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the base station may be implemented as or include the electronic device 500.
  • the base station is shown as gNB 800.
  • gNB 800 includes multiple antennas 810 and base station equipment 820.
  • the base station device 820 and each antenna 810 may be connected to each other via an RF cable.
  • the antenna 810 may include a plurality of antenna elements such as a plurality of antenna elements included in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna, and is used for the base station device 820 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the gNB 800 may include multiple antennas 810.
  • multiple antennas 810 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by gNB 800.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example in which the gNB 800 includes a plurality of antennas 810.
  • the base station device 820 includes a controller 821, a memory 822, a network interface 823, and a wireless communication interface 825.
  • the controller 821 may be, for example, a CPU or a DSP, and operates various functions of a higher layer of the base station apparatus 820.
  • the controller 821 may include the processing circuit 601 described above, execute the communication method as described above with reference to FIG. 7B, or control each unit of the electronic device 500 (such as the grouping unit 502, the determination unit 503, the notification unit 504, and not shown Out decoding unit or retransmission unit).
  • the controller 821 generates a data packet according to data in a signal processed by the wireless communication interface 825, and transmits the generated packet via the network interface 823.
  • the controller 821 may bundle data from multiple baseband processors to generate a bundled packet, and pass the generated bundled packet.
  • the controller 821 may have a logical function that performs control such as radio resource control, radio bearer control, mobility management, admission control, and scheduling. This control can be performed in conjunction with nearby gNB or core network nodes.
  • the memory 822 includes a RAM and a ROM, and stores programs executed by the controller 821 and various types of control data such as a terminal list, transmission power data, and scheduling data.
  • the network interface 823 is a communication interface for connecting the base station device 820 to the core network 824.
  • the controller 821 may communicate with a core network node or another gNB via the network interface 823.
  • the gNB 800 and the core network node or other gNBs may be connected to each other through a logical interface such as an S1 interface and an X2 interface.
  • the network interface 823 may also be a wired communication interface or a wireless communication interface for a wireless backhaul line. If the network interface 823 is a wireless communication interface, compared to the frequency band used by the wireless communication interface 825, the network interface 823 can use a higher frequency band for wireless communication.
  • the wireless communication interface 825 supports any cellular communication scheme such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A, NR, and provides a wireless connection to a terminal located in a cell of a gNB 800 via an antenna 810.
  • the wireless communication interface 825 may generally include, for example, a baseband (BB) processor 826 and an RF circuit 827.
  • the BB processor 826 may perform, for example, encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and multiplexing / demultiplexing, and execute layers such as L1, Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), and packet data convergence protocols (PDCP)).
  • the BB processor 826 may have a part or all of the above-mentioned logic functions.
  • the BB processor 826 may be a memory storing a communication control program, or a module including a processor and related circuits configured to execute the program. Updating the program can change the function of the BB processor 826.
  • the module may be a card or a blade inserted into a slot of the base station device 820. Alternatively, the module may be a chip mounted on a card or a blade.
  • the RF circuit 827 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 810.
  • the wireless communication interface 825 may include a plurality of BB processors 826.
  • multiple BB processors 826 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by gNB 800.
  • the wireless communication interface 825 may include a plurality of RF circuits 827.
  • multiple RF circuits 827 may be compatible with multiple antenna elements.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 825 includes a plurality of BB processors 826 and a plurality of RF circuits 827, the wireless communication interface 825 may also include a single BB processor 826 or a single RF circuit 827.
  • gNB 800 In the gNB 800 shown in FIG. 10, one or more units included in the processing circuit 501 described with reference to FIG. 7A may be implemented in the wireless communication interface 825. Alternatively, at least a part of these components may be implemented in the controller 821.
  • gNB 800 includes a portion (eg, BB processor 826) or the entirety of wireless communication interface 825, and / or a module including controller 821, and one or more components may be implemented in the module.
  • the module may store a program for allowing the processor to function as one or more components (in other words, a program for allowing the processor to perform operations of the one or more components), and may execute the program.
  • a program for allowing a processor to function as one or more components may be installed in gNB 800, and a wireless communication interface 825 (e.g., BB processor 826) and / or a controller 821 may execute the program.
  • a wireless communication interface 825 e.g., BB processor 826
  • a controller 821 may execute the program.
  • a device including one or more components a gNB 800, a base station device 820, or a module may be provided, and a program for allowing a processor to function as one or more components may be provided.
  • a readable medium in which the program is recorded may be provided.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a second example of a schematic configuration of a base station to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the base station may be implemented as or include the electronic device 500.
  • the base station is shown as gNB830.
  • the gNB 830 includes one or more antennas 840, a base station device 850, and an RRH 860.
  • the RRH 860 and each antenna 840 may be connected to each other via an RF cable.
  • the base station equipment 850 and the RRH 860 may be connected to each other via a high-speed line such as an optical fiber cable.
  • the antenna 840 includes a plurality of antenna elements (such as a plurality of antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna) and is used for the RRH 860 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the gNB 830 may include multiple antennas 840.
  • multiple antennas 840 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by gNB 830.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example in which the gNB 830 includes a plurality of antennas 840.
  • the base station device 850 includes a controller 851, a memory 852, a network interface 853, a wireless communication interface 855, and a connection interface 857.
  • the controller 851, the memory 852, and the network interface 853 are the same as the controller 821, the memory 822, and the network interface 823 described with reference to FIG.
  • the wireless communication interface 855 supports any cellular communication scheme (such as LTE, LTE-A, NR), and provides wireless communication to a terminal located in a sector corresponding to the RRH 860 via the RRH 860 and the antenna 840.
  • the wireless communication interface 855 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 856.
  • the BB processor 856 is the same as the BB processor 826 described with reference to FIG. 10 except that the BB processor 856 is connected to the RF circuit 864 of the RRH 860 via the connection interface 857.
  • the wireless communication interface 855 may include a plurality of BB processors 856.
  • multiple BB processors 856 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by gNB 830.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 855 includes a plurality of BB processors 856, the wireless communication interface 855 may also include a single BB processor 856.
  • connection interface 857 is an interface for connecting the base station equipment 850 (wireless communication interface 855) to the RRH 860.
  • the connection interface 857 may also be a communication module for communication in the above-mentioned high-speed line connecting the base station device 850 (wireless communication interface 855) to the RRH 860.
  • RRH 860 includes a connection interface 861 and a wireless communication interface 863.
  • connection interface 861 is an interface for connecting the RRH 860 (wireless communication interface 863) to the base station equipment 850.
  • the connection interface 861 may also be a communication module for communication in the above-mentioned high-speed line.
  • the wireless communication interface 863 transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 840.
  • the RF circuit 864 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 840.
  • the wireless communication interface 863 may include a plurality of RF circuits 864.
  • multiple RF circuits 864 may support multiple antenna elements.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example in which the wireless communication interface 863 includes a plurality of RF circuits 864, the wireless communication interface 863 may include a single RF circuit 864.
  • one or more units included in the processing circuit 501 described with reference to FIG. 7A may be implemented in the wireless communication interface 855.
  • the controller 851 may be implemented in the gNB 830.
  • gNB 830 includes a portion (eg, BB processor 856) or the entirety of wireless communication interface 855, and / or a module including controller 851, and one or more components may be implemented in the module.
  • the module may store a program for allowing the processor to function as one or more components (in other words, a program for allowing the processor to perform operations of the one or more components), and may execute the program.
  • a program for allowing a processor to function as one or more components may be installed in gNB 830, and the wireless communication interface 855 (e.g., BB processor 856) and / or the controller 851 may execute the program.
  • the wireless communication interface 855 e.g., BB processor 856
  • the controller 851 may execute the program.
  • a gNB 830, a base station device 850, or a module may be provided, and a program for allowing a processor to function as one or more components may be provided.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a smartphone 900 to which the technology of the present application can be applied.
  • the smart phone 900 may be implemented as or include the electronic device 600 described with reference to FIG. 8A.
  • the smartphone 900 includes a processor 901, a memory 902, a storage device 903, an external connection interface 904, a camera device 906, a sensor 907, a microphone 908, an input device 909, a display device 910, a speaker 911, a wireless communication interface 912, one or more An antenna switch 915, one or more antennas 916, a bus 917, a battery 918, and an auxiliary controller 919.
  • the processor 901 may be, for example, a CPU or a system on chip (SoC), and controls functions of an application layer and another layer of the smartphone 900.
  • the processor 901 may include or act as the processing circuit 601 described in the embodiment with reference to FIG. 8A.
  • the memory 902 includes a RAM and a ROM, and stores data and programs executed by the processor 901.
  • the memory 902 may include or function as the storage unit 605 described with reference to FIG. 8A.
  • the storage device 903 may include a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory and a hard disk.
  • the external connection interface 904 is an interface for connecting external devices such as a memory card and a universal serial bus (USB) device to the smartphone 900.
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the imaging device 906 includes an image sensor such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), and generates a captured image.
  • the sensor 907 may include a set of sensors such as a measurement sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, and an acceleration sensor.
  • the microphone 908 converts a sound input to the smartphone 900 into an audio signal.
  • the input device 909 includes, for example, a touch sensor, a keypad, a keyboard, a button, or a switch configured to detect a touch on the screen of the display device 910, and receives an operation or information input from a user.
  • the display device 910 includes a screen such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) and an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, and displays an output image of the smartphone 900.
  • the speaker 911 converts an audio signal output from the smartphone 900 into a sound.
  • the wireless communication interface 912 supports any cellular communication scheme such as LTE, LTE-A, NR, and performs wireless communication.
  • the wireless communication interface 912 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 913 and an RF circuit 914.
  • the BB processor 913 can perform, for example, encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and multiplexing / demultiplexing, and perform various types of signal processing for wireless communication.
  • the RF circuit 914 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 916.
  • the wireless communication interface 912 may be a chip module on which the BB processor 913 and the RF circuit 914 are integrated. As shown in FIG.
  • the wireless communication interface 912 may include multiple BB processors 913 and multiple RF circuits 914.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 912 includes a plurality of BB processors 913 and a plurality of RF circuits 914, the wireless communication interface 912 may also include a single BB processor 913 or a single RF circuit 914.
  • the wireless communication interface 912 may support another type of wireless communication scheme, such as a short-range wireless communication scheme, a near field communication scheme, and a wireless local area network (LAN) scheme.
  • the wireless communication interface 912 may include a BB processor 913 and an RF circuit 914 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • Each of the antenna switches 915 switches a connection destination of the antenna 916 between a plurality of circuits included in the wireless communication interface 912 (for example, circuits for different wireless communication schemes).
  • the antenna 91 may include a plurality of antenna elements, such as a plurality of antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna, and is used for the wireless communication interface 912 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the smartphone 900 may include a plurality of antennas 916.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which the smartphone 900 includes a plurality of antennas 916, the smartphone 900 may also include a single antenna 916.
  • the smartphone 900 may include an antenna 916 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • the antenna switch 915 may be omitted from the configuration of the smartphone 900.
  • the bus 917 connects the processor 901, the memory 902, the storage device 903, the external connection interface 904, the camera 906, the sensor 907, the microphone 908, the input device 909, the display device 910, the speaker 911, the wireless communication interface 912, and the auxiliary controller 919 to each other. connection.
  • the battery 918 supplies power to each block of the smartphone 900 shown in FIG. 12 via a feeder, and the feeder is partially shown as a dotted line in the figure.
  • the auxiliary controller 919 operates, for example, a minimum necessary function of the smartphone 900 in the sleep mode.
  • one or more units for example, the receiving unit 602, the data transmission unit 603) included in the processing circuit 601 described with reference to FIG. 8A may be implemented in the wireless communication interface 912. Alternatively, at least a part of these components may be implemented in the processor 901 or the auxiliary controller 919.
  • the smartphone 900 includes a portion (eg, BB processor 913) or the entirety of the wireless communication interface 912, and / or a module including the processor 901 and / or the auxiliary controller 919, and one or more components may be Implemented in this module.
  • the module may store a program that allows processing to function as one or more components (in other words, a program for allowing a processor to perform operations of one or more components), and may execute the program.
  • a program for allowing a processor to function as one or more components may be installed in the smartphone 900, and the wireless communication interface 912 (e.g., BB processor 913), the processor 901, and / or auxiliary The controller 919 can execute the program.
  • a smartphone 900 or a module may be provided, and a program for allowing a processor to function as one or more components may be provided.
  • a readable medium in which the program is recorded may be provided.
  • the communication unit 505 of the electronic device 600 may be implemented in the wireless communication interface 912 (for example, the RF circuit 914).
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a car navigation device 920 to which the technology of the present application can be applied.
  • the smart phone 900 may be implemented as the electronic devices 500, 700, 1000, 1500, and 1600 described with reference to the drawings.
  • Car navigation device 920 includes processor 921, memory 922, global positioning system (GPS) module 924, sensor 925, data interface 926, content player 927, storage medium interface 928, input device 929, display device 930, speaker 931, wireless The communication interface 933, one or more antenna switches 936, one or more antennas 937, and a battery 938.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the processor 921 may be, for example, a CPU or a SoC, and controls navigation functions and other functions of the car navigation device 920.
  • the memory 922 includes a RAM and a ROM, and stores data and programs executed by the processor 921.
  • the GPS module 924 uses GPS signals received from GPS satellites to measure the position (such as latitude, longitude, and altitude) of the car navigation device 920.
  • the sensor 925 may include a set of sensors such as a gyroscope sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, and an air pressure sensor.
  • the data interface 926 is connected to, for example, an in-vehicle network 941 via a terminal not shown, and acquires data (such as vehicle speed data) generated by the vehicle.
  • the content player 927 reproduces content stored in a storage medium such as a CD and a DVD, which is inserted into the storage medium interface 928.
  • the input device 929 includes, for example, a touch sensor, a button, or a switch configured to detect a touch on the screen of the display device 930, and receives an operation or information input from a user.
  • the display device 930 includes a screen such as an LCD or OLED display, and displays an image of a navigation function or reproduced content.
  • the speaker 931 outputs a sound of a navigation function or a reproduced content.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 supports any cellular communication scheme such as LTE, LTE-A, NR, and performs wireless communication.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 934 and an RF circuit 935.
  • the BB processor 934 may perform, for example, encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and multiplexing / demultiplexing, and perform various types of signal processing for wireless communication.
  • the RF circuit 935 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 937.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 may also be a chip module on which the BB processor 934 and the RF circuit 935 are integrated. As shown in FIG.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 may include a plurality of BB processors 934 and a plurality of RF circuits 935.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 933 includes a plurality of BB processors 934 and a plurality of RF circuits 935, the wireless communication interface 933 may also include a single BB processor 934 or a single RF circuit 935.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 may support another type of wireless communication scheme, such as a short-range wireless communication scheme, a near field communication scheme, and a wireless LAN scheme.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 may include a BB processor 934 and an RF circuit 935 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • Each of the antenna switches 936 switches the connection destination of the antenna 937 between a plurality of circuits included in the wireless communication interface 933, such as circuits for different wireless communication schemes.
  • the antenna 937 may include a plurality of antenna elements such as a plurality of antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna, and is used for the wireless communication interface 933 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the car navigation device 920 may include a plurality of antennas 937.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example in which the car navigation device 920 includes a plurality of antennas 937, the car navigation device 920 may also include a single antenna 937.
  • the car navigation device 920 may include an antenna 937 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • the antenna switch 936 may be omitted from the configuration of the car navigation device 920.
  • the battery 938 supplies power to each block of the car navigation device 920 shown in FIG. 13 via a feeder, and the feeder is partially shown as a dotted line in the figure.
  • the battery 938 accumulates power supplied from the vehicle.
  • one or more units for example, the receiving unit 602 and the data transmission unit 603 included in the processing circuit 601 described with reference to FIG. 8A may be implemented in the wireless communication interface 933 Alternatively, at least some of these components may be implemented in the processor 921.
  • the car navigation device 920 includes a portion (eg, BB processor 934) or the entirety of the wireless communication interface 933, and / or A module including the processor 921, and one or more components may be implemented in the module.
  • the module may store a program that allows processing to function as one or more components (in other words, to allow processing A program that performs the operation of one or more components), and can execute the program.
  • a program for allowing a processor to function as one or more components may be installed in the car navigation device 920, and The wireless communication interface 933 (e.g., BB processor 934) and / or the processor 921 may execute the program.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 e.g., BB processor 934
  • the processor 921 may execute the program.
  • the vehicle The car navigation device 920 or module may be provided, and a program for allowing the processor to function as one or more components may be provided.
  • a readable medium in which the program is recorded may be provided.
  • the communication unit 605 described with reference to FIG. 8A may be implemented in a wireless communication interface 933 (for example, an RF circuit 935).
  • the technology of the present application can also be implemented as an in-vehicle system (or vehicle) 940 that includes one or more of a car navigation device 920, an in-vehicle network 941, and a vehicle module 942.
  • vehicle module 942 generates vehicle data such as vehicle speed, engine speed, and failure information, and outputs the generated data to the on-vehicle network 941.
  • a readable medium in which the program is recorded may be provided. Therefore, the present disclosure also relates to a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a program including instructions that, when loaded and executed by a processing circuit, are used to implement the communication method described with reference to FIGS. 7B and 8B.
  • multiple functions included in one module in the above embodiments may be implemented by separate devices.
  • multiple functions implemented by multiple modules in the above embodiments may be implemented by separate devices, respectively.
  • one of the above functions can be implemented by multiple modules. Needless to say, such a configuration is included in the technical scope of the present disclosure.
  • the steps described in the flowchart include not only processes performed in time series in the stated order, but also processes performed in parallel or individually instead of having to be performed in time series. Further, even in the steps processed in time series, needless to say, the order can be appropriately changed.

Abstract

本公开涉及无线通信系统中的电子设备、通信方法和存储介质。提供了一种用于控制设备侧的电子设备，包括处理电路，该处理电路被配置为：基于多个终端设备的数据配置特征，对所述多个终端设备进行分组；确定用于每个组的竞争窗口；向所述多个终端设备中的每个终端设备通知与该终端设备相关联的竞争窗口，使得每个终端设备能够在各自的竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。

Description

电子设备、通信方法和存储介质 技术领域
本公开涉及电子设备、通信方法和存储介质，更具体地，本公开涉及用于在无线通信系统中基于竞争的上行传输的电子设备、通信方法和存储介质。
背景技术
受益于无线通信技术的发展，许多应用业务日益普及。取决于业务的不同类型，对于无线通信的要求各有侧重。例如，在非专利文献1(徐晓东等人的“Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Access Technologies”，3GPP TR 38.913)中，针对5G通信系统考虑了三大重要应用场景：：增强型移动宽带(eMBB)、海量机器类通信(mMTC)、超可靠低延时通信(URLLC)。其中，URLLC除了满足传统要求(如峰值数据速率，峰值频谱效率)以外，更加关注于延时和可靠性。URLLC预计将被应用于对时延和可靠性较为敏感的场景，例如增强型车到车(V2X)、工厂自动化、点对点通信(P2P)、无线传感器网络(WSN)等。
非专利文献1还提出了URLLC场景下对于延时和可靠性的具体要求。详细来说，控制平面的延时不超过10ms，用户平面的延时不超过1ms(其中上行链路不超过0.5ms，下行链路不超过0.5ms)，可靠性不低于1-10 -5(数据包长度为32字节)。这需要在核心网部署、物理层、媒体接入控制(MAC)层等领域提出关键的设计。
下面以工厂自动化作为示例来说明。图1是例示了URLLC在工厂自动化场景下的应用。在该场景下，一个控制设备和若干个终端设备以一定规律分布在数十米范围的空间内，一般称之为自动化小区。其中，终端设备构成工厂的流水线，包括传感器和执行器等，用于实现主要的工艺流程。虽然图1中仅示意性地示出了终端设备UE1～UE6，但是实际的数量要多得多。主控单元BS构成自动化小区的通信和控制中枢，其与各个终端设备通信并进行信息交互。例如，传感器将环境信息传输至主控单元BS，主控单元BS基于某种策略向执行器下发控制命令以完成某些操作。出于生产率考虑，数据传输需要在极短的时间(例如1ms)内完成，假设物理层的 传输可以在100μs内完成，则希望MAC层的数据延时将至例如上行0.3ms、下行0.5ms，并且希望数据传输具有高可靠性。
这给MAC层的传输调度提出了挑战。由于自动化小区中的终端设备数量众多、分布密集，并且实时数据流量是由互连的传感器和执行器的实时控制产生的，难以确定不同终端设备生成数据包的准确顺序，所以上行方向上的数据传输具有密集性、突发性、短数据包等特点。在这种情况下，传统的上行传输调度方案无法满足要求。静态调度或半静态调度会出现策略的频繁更新，这将花费一部分资源。动态调度将会消耗大量的信令开销。除此之外，传统的信令传输方式在URLLC场景下也存在一些缺点。在传统传输中，信令可利用次优编码方案(例如重复编码)。但是，这会影响数据传输的可靠性，因为成功传输数据是基于这些控制信息的正确传输。
因此，存在对于低延时和高可靠性这两个约束均能得到满足的上行传输方案的需求。
发明内容
本公开提供了多个方面，以满足上述需求。
本公开的一个方面提供了一种用于控制设备侧的电子设备，包括处理电路，该处理电路被配置为：基于多个终端设备的数据配置特征，对所述多个终端设备进行分组；确定用于每个组的竞争窗口；向所述多个终端设备中的每个终端设备通知与该终端设备相关联的竞争窗口，使得每个终端设备能够在各自的竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
本公开的另一个方面提供了一种用于终端设备侧的电子设备，包括处理电路，该处理电路被配置为：从控制设备接收关于被分配给该终端设备的竞争窗口的信息，其中所述竞争窗口是由所述控制设备基于包括该终端设备在内的多个终端设备的数据配置特征确定的；以及在所述竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
本公开的另一个方面提供了一种通信方法，包括：基于多个终端设备的数据配置特征，对所述多个终端设备进行分组；确定用于每个组的竞争窗口；向所述多个终端设备中的每个终端设备通知与该终端设备相关联的竞争窗口，使得每个终端设 备能够在各自的竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
本公开的另一个方面提供了一种通信方法，包括：从控制设备接收关于被分配给该终端设备的竞争窗口的信息，其中所述竞争窗口是由所述控制设备基于包括该终端设备在内的多个终端设备的数据配置特征确定的；在所述竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
本公开的另一个方面提供了一种存储有可执行指令的非暂时性计算机可读存储介质，所述可执行指令当被执行时实现如权利要求上面所述的任何一种通信方法。
本公开的另一个方面提供了一种控制设备侧的电子设备，包括处理电路，该处理电路被配置为：接收至少两个终端设备在同一竞争窗口内以竞争方式同时传输的数据；响应于确定不能对数据进行解码，向所述至少两个终端设备中的一部分发送重传请求。
根据本公开的一个或多个方面，可以实现延时低、可靠性高的上行传输。
附图说明
本公开可以通过参考下文中结合附图所给出的详细描述而得到更好的理解，其中在所有附图中使用了相同或相似的附图标记来表示相同或者相似的要素。所有附图连同下面的详细说明一起包含在本说明书中并形成说明书的一部分，用来进一步举例说明本公开的实施例和解释本公开的原理和优点。其中：
图1例示了工厂自动化的示例性通信场景；
图2示出了根据本公开的实施例的基于竞争的上行传输的概念框图；
图3A例示了控制设备从终端设备拉取(pull)数据配置特征/统计度量的信令流程；
图3B例示了终端设备向控制设备推送(push)数据配置特征/统计度量的信令流程；
图4A是例示了根据4G通信标准的上行链路帧结构的示图；
图4B是例示了根据5G通信标准的上行链路帧结构的示图；
图5是例示了控制设备BS通过NOMA解码解决传输冲突的示图；
图6A-6B例示了控制设备BS的重传机制的示例；
图7A-7B是例示了根据本公开的实施例的用于控制设备侧的电子设备及其通信方法；
图8A-8B是例示了根据本公开的实施例的用于终端设备侧的电子设备及其通信方法；
图9例示了根据本公开的实施例的示例性通信流程；
图10例示了根据本公开的实施例的控制设备的示意性配置的第一示例；
图11是例示了根据本公开的实施例的控制设备的示意性配置的第二示例；
图12是例示了根据本公开的实施例的智能电话的示意性配置示例；
图13是例示了根据本公开的实施例的汽车导航设备的示意性配置示例；
通过参照附图阅读以下详细描述，本公开的特征和方面将得到清楚的理解。
具体实施方式
在下文中将参照附图来详细描述本公开的各种示例性实施例。为了清楚和简明起见，在本说明书中并未描述实施例的所有特征。然而应注意，在实现本公开的实施例时可以根据特定需求做出很多特定于实现方式的设置，以便实现开发人员的具体目标，例如，符合与设备及业务相关的那些限制条件，并且这些限制条件可能会随着实现方式的不同而有所改变。此外，还应该了解，虽然开发工作有可能是较复杂和费事的，但对得益于本公开内容的本领域技术人员来说，这种开发公开仅仅是例行的任务。
此外，还应注意，为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本公开，在附图中仅仅示出了与至少根据本公开的技术方案密切相关的处理步骤和/或设备结构，而省略了与本公开无关的其他细节。
接下来，将参照附图来详细描述根据本公开的示例性实施例和应用实例。以下 示例性实施例的描述仅仅是说明性的，不意在作为对本公开及其应用的任何限制。
图2是例示了根据本公开的实施例的基于竞争的上行传输的概念框图。为了便于清晰理解，图2以最简单的方式展示了本公开的实施例的基本构思，而省略了实践所需的其它细节。
如本领域所熟知的，“上行传输”发生在从终端设备到控制设备的链路方向上。
本公开中所使用的术语“控制设备”是指位于无线通信系统或无线电系统的网络控制侧的设备，至少包括为多个终端设备提供通信服务的无线通信站，其具有通常含义的全部广度。作为例子，控制设备可以是诸如4G通信标准的eNB和5G通信标准的gNB之类的基站、自动化工厂内的主控单元、远程无线电头端、无线接入点、无人机控制塔台或者执行类似功能的通信装置或其部件。后面的章节将详细描述控制设备的应用示例。
本公开中所使用的术语“终端设备”是位于无线通信系统或无线电系统的用户侧的设备，其具有通常含义的全部广度。在本文中终端设备有时也被称作用户、用户设备或UE。作为例子，终端设备可以是可移动的设备，诸如移动电话、膝上型电脑、平板电脑、车载通信设备等，也可以是不可移动的设备，诸如工厂内的传感器、执行器等。后面的章节将详细描述终端设备的应用示例。
如图2中所示，首先，由控制设备对与之通信的多个终端设备进行分组。控制设备获取这多个终端设备的数据配置特征，并且根据数据配置特征将这些终端设备划分为两个或更多个终端设备组。经过分组之后，控制设备可以以组(终端设备组)为单位来执行MAC层调度，例如后面将描述的竞争窗口和传输资源的分配。当终端设备的数据配置特征发生变化时，控制设备可以基于变化后的数据配置特征来重新分组。
然后，由控制设备确定每个终端设备组的竞争窗口。本公开中所言的“竞争窗口”是指相应组内的终端设备能够与控制设备进行上行数据传输的时间窗口。区别于后面将描述的“传输资源”(如物理资源块PRB)，竞争窗口具有更大的时间粒度，控制设备为每个终端设备组分配的传输资源落在对应的竞争窗口内。
在确定好各个组的竞争窗口之后，控制设备可以向每个终端设备通知该终端设备所在的组的竞争窗口。以此方式，各个终端设备将知道它能够进行上行数据传输的竞 争窗口，当有数据要发送给控制设备时，能够在该竞争窗口内利用可用的传输资源来进行上行数据传输。根据本公开的实施例，每个组内的终端设备以基于竞争的方式进行数据传输，即，基于竞争的数据传输(contention-based data transmission)。具体而言，控制设备为每个组分配该组内的所有终端设备共用的传输资源，任何终端设备可以在竞争窗口的时间点利用共用的传输资源发起数据传输。当同一组内的两个或更多个终端设备同时传输数据时，可能会发生传输冲突。控制设备使用预定的冲突决策来解决冲突。
另外，控制设备还可以采用反馈机制来调整终端设备的分组，以优化整体传输性能。如图2中所示，控制设备收集各个终端设备在一段时间内的数据传输的统计度量，并基于统计度量来优化分组。
下面将详细描述如图2中所示的基于竞争的上行数据传输的示例性实现细节。
1、终端设备的分组
根据本公开的实施例，控制设备对与之通信的多个终端设备分组，并在组的基础上执行MAC层的传输调度。被分组的这多个终端设备既可以是与该控制设备通信的所有终端设备，也可以是根据需要从中选择的一部分终端设备。作为分组结果，这多个终端设备被划分到两个或更多个终端设备组中，其中每个终端设备组包含至少一个终端设备。本公开中所言的“分组”是在逻辑的意义上的分组，即，将这多个终端设备划分成有交集或无交集的若干个子集。
终端设备的分组可以基于终端设备的数据配置特征。
数据配置特征可以是指与数据的产生和传输的配置(即，数据模式)有关的特征信息。例如，数据配置特征可以包括以下一项或多项：与数据的产生有关的特征，诸如产生该数据的终端设备的ID、该终端设备的位置或地理信息、该终端设备产生数据时所参与的流程或所执行的操作的标识信息(如编号)、数据的产生周期、数据产生速率、数据量等；与数据的形式有关的特征，诸如数据包的长度等；与数据的传输要求有关的特征，诸如发送频率、延时约束、可靠性约束、服务质量约束等。数据配置特征还可以是能够表征终端设备的数据模式的其它特征信息。
取决于执行分组的算法或准则，控制设备所采用的数据配置特征的种类可能有所 变化。在不同的应用场景下，控制设备使用的数据配置特征可以不同，甚至不限于上面描述的那些。
在一个示例中，控制设备从各个终端设备获取数据配置特征。这里参照图3A、3B介绍两种获取数据配置特征的示例性方法。图3A例示了根据本公开的实施例的由控制设备从终端设备拉取(pull)数据配置特征的方式，图3B例示了根据本公开的实施例的由终端设备向控制设备推送(push)数据配置特征的方式。
如图3A中所示，首先，控制设备生成要发送给终端设备的测量配置请求。测量配置请求包括关于控制设备希望获取哪些数据配置特征的信息。在一个优选示例中，测量配置请求中包括表示数据配置特征的索引，从而可以减少向终端设备发送的测量配置请求消息的信令开销。在接收到测量配置请求之后，终端设备将测量配置请求中指定的数据配置特征封装到测量报告中，并发送给控制设备。另外，测量配置请求还可以包括控制设备希望终端设备反馈数据配置特征的模式，包括：周期性模式，在该模式下，终端设备将以测量配置请求中指定的频率(如一小时一次，一天一次，等等)来周期性地反馈最新的数据配置特征；单次模式，在该模式下，终端设备将仅在接收到请求后反馈一次数据配置特征；事件驱动模式，在该模式下，终端设备将在出现触发事件(例如数据配置特征被更新、终端设备初始化、通信连接恢复，等等)时反馈数据配置特征。
如图3B中所示，终端设备向控制设备发送包含最新的数据配置特征的更新报告，控制设备在接收到该更新报告之后，将其中所含的关于数据配置特征的信息存储起来，并向终端设备发送确认响应。这个过程可以被看作终端设备主动“推送”数据配置特征。终端设备推送数据配置特征的模式可以包括：周期性模式，在该模式下，终端设备定期地推送更新报告；事件驱动模式，在该模式下，终端设备将在出现触发事件(例如数据配置特征被更新、终端设备初始化、通信连接恢复，等等)时推送数据配置特征。
在另一个示例中，控制设备可以从第三方设备处获取数据配置特征。例如，终端设备的管理系统可以具有数据库，保存与终端设备有关的各种信息。各个终端设备的数据配置特征可以连同其他配置信息被存储或备份在这种数据库中。在这种情况下，控制设备可以通过应用层(例如数据库应用、web应用等)从数据库获取各个终端设备的数据配置特征，而无需从终端设备获取。
在获取各个终端设备的数据配置特征之后，控制设备按照各种算法或准则来确定终端设备的分组。控制设备在组的基础上进行上行传输调度，而在组内将允许所有终端设备以竞争的方式进行数据传输。换句话说，控制设备确定哪些终端设备要在一起相互竞争进行数据传输。
在执行分组时，控制设备主要考虑两方面的折衷：一方面，每个组内的终端设备能够尽可能充分地利用分配给该组的传输资源，以提高资源使用效率；另一方面，每个组内的终端设备对于延时、可靠性的传输要求得到满足。
考虑到数据配置特征实际上表征了终端设备产生、传输数据的模式，控制设备可以从数据模式的角度考量多个终端设备之间的相互关系。
在一个示例中，控制设备确定终端设备之间的相关性作为用于分组的评判性度量。终端设备之间的相关性例如可以包括：时间相关性、空间相关性、流程相关性、因果相关性等等。
下面以工厂自动化的场景为例解释终端设备之间的相关性的示例。应当理解，不同应用场景下的相关性可能有所差异，可以选取其中一种或多种相关性用于分组。
在工厂自动化的场景下，生产线可以采用各种类型的布局，诸如项目布局、流水线布局、机群式布局或混合布局。生产线可以由若干个生产单元组成，各个生产单元分别负责整个生产流程的一部分。诸如传感器、执行器之类的终端设备(如图1中所示的UE1～UE6)按照工序流程被安装在生产线上的适当位置。生产单元的功能由这些终端设备在控制设备(如图1中所示的BS)的控制下自动地、相互联动地完成。当生产线或生产单元正常运转时，各个终端设备根据预先配置或控制设备的控制命令执行操作。例如，传感器执行诸如检测、测量之类的操作，并产生结果数据。传感器将所产生的数据上报给控制设备BS，从而控制设备BS能够获悉生产线或生产单元的运转状态、环境信息。控制设备BS然后可以产生控制命令并发送给执行器。执行器根据预先配置或控制命令执行各种操作。执行器也可以产生诸如执行结果、执行状态、执行错误之类的数据，并反馈给控制设备BS。
在这样的一个系统中，从数据的产生、传输模式来看，终端设备之间可能表现出各种各样的相关性。控制设备关注的相关性指标可以与所选取的数据配置特征相关联。 控制设备可以通过分析数据配置特征来评估相关性：
1)部署在邻近位置的终端设备趋于具有空间相关性。控制设备根据终端设备的位置或地理信息，评估空间相关性。在无线通信系统使用波束赋形的情况下，具有高空间相关性的终端设备可以分享相同的空域资源；
2)执行相邻或相似工序的终端设备可能具有时间相关性。根据终端设备的ID、参与的流程或执行的操作等，控制设备评估各个终端设备产生数据的时间区间、先后顺序。在一个示例中，控制设备可以通过例如计算时间上的离散度来评估这种时间相关性；
3)属于同一个生成单元内的终端设备通常在流程上具有相关性。根据终端设备的ID、参与的流程或执行的操作等，控制设备评估这种流程相关性；
4)如果一个终端设备执行操作依赖于另一个终端设备产生的数据，例如执行器的操作依赖于传感器的测量数据，那么这两个终端设备之间存在因果相关性。
控制设备可以选择评估相关性。存在各种方法用于评估相关性，例如简单评估统属关系等的定性方法或者评估相关系数、离差等的定量方法。基于所评估的相关性，控制设备对终端设备进行聚类。典型地，控制设备可以将具有高相关性的终端设备分到同一个终端设备组中。控制设备还可以通过量化相关性，并且把相关性高于预定阈值的终端设备分到同一组中。
在考量多种相关性的情况下，控制设备可以通过相关性的加权、相关性空间中的欧几里得距离等来执行终端设备的分组。
在另一个示例中，控制设备可以确定各个终端设备的服务优先级作为用于分组的评判性度量。服务优先级可以由服务质量类别指标(QCI)来指示。服务优先级还可以考虑数据传输的延时约束、可靠性约束，例如，要求传输延时越小、可靠性越高的终端设备可以具有越高的服务优先级。控制设备避免将具有高服务优先级(例如，服务优先级高于预定阈值)的终端设备分到同一组中，以防止具有高服务优先级的终端设备的数据传输由于竞争而相互影响。如有必要，具有高服务优先级的一个终端设备可以单独成组，以保证该终端设备的优先传输。
在控制设备执行分组期间，信道状态等因素也可以被控制设备纳入考虑。基于来 自终端设备的信道状态信息(CSI)，控制设备可以将信道状态相似的终端设备分到同一个组中。控制设备还可以避免将信道状态较差的终端设备过多集中于同一个组。
在一个示例中，如果某个终端设备需要传输的频率高、数据量大时，控制设备可以将该终端设备分到多个组中。由此，该终端设备将可以利用多个竞争窗口来进行数据传输。
虽然上面分开描述了控制设备基于终端设备的相关性、服务优先级、信道状态来执行分组的示例，但是控制设备也可以综合考虑各种评判性度量。
控制设备也可以直接以数据配置特征为输入，通过诸如基于k近邻法、决策树、SVM等之类的各种聚类或分类方法来执行终端设备的分组。
一般来说，给定终端设备的总数，一方面，组的数量越少、单个组内的终端设备的数量越多，组内竞争越激烈，资源使用效率高，但满足延时约束、可靠性约束的压力大。另一方面，组的数量越多、单个组内的终端设备的数量越少，虽然组内竞争不激烈，但是传输调度越复杂。控制设备可以通过不断地调整分组来优化整体的传输性能。
在一个示例中，当有新的终端设备投入使用时，当终端设备的数据配置特征发生变化时，当终端设备的信道状态变化时，控制设备可以从终端设备或第三方设备获知这种变化，并且基于变化后的数据配置特征、信道状态等，利用上面所述的分组过程来重新分组。
在一个示例中，控制设备可以采用反馈机制来调整分组。例如图2中所示，控制设备可以收集各个终端设备在一段时间内的数据传输的统计度量，诸如数据包传输成功率、数据包平均传输时间或其它统计度量。
其中，数据包传输成功率可被定义为在一段时间内(例如，控制设备收集两次统计度量之间)控制设备在延时约束下成功接收并解码由终端设备传输的数据包的数量，其表征了当前分组下的数据传输的可靠性情况。例如，每个终端设备可以设置计数器，分别统计终端设备向控制设备发送的数据包的总数以及从控制设备接收的对于成功解码数据包的确认响应(ACK消息)的数量，则数据包传输成功率可以定义为：
Figure PCTCN2019090572-appb-000001
数据包平均传输时间可被定义为在一段时间内(例如，控制设备收集两次统计度量之间)终端设备成功传输数据包所需传输时间的平均值，其表征了当前分组下的数据传输的延时情况。在一个示例中，终端设备可以将开始发送某个数据包直到接收到该数据包的确认响应(ACK消息)之间的时间段统计为该数据包的传输时间，并计算所有成功传输的数据包的传输时间的平均值，以作为数据包平均传输时间。在另一个示例中，数据包可以携带发送时间信息(如，发送时间戳)，则控制设备可以利用该发送时间信息和在控制设备处成功接收并解码该数据包时的时间信息之间的差异来计算该数据包的传输时间，并通过针对成功传输的所有数据包进行平均来获得数据包平均传输时间。在另一个示例中，终端设备可以统计所有成功传输的数据包的重传次数的平均值，作为数据包平均传输时间。
终端设备中用于统计数据包平均传输时间的计数器可以在数据传输过程中实时地更新数据包平均传输时间。例如，假设在统计时段内，前N个成功传输的数据包的平均传输时间为T N，然后测得第N+1个数据包的传输时间为G N+1，则计数器可以按照下面的公式更新这N+1个数据包的平均传输时间T N+1：
Figure PCTCN2019090572-appb-000002
在终端设备处获得的上述统计度量可以与数据配置特征类似地被传输到控制设备。
在一个示例中，如图3A中所示，控制设备确定要发送给终端设备的测量配置请求。测量配置请求包括关于控制设备希望获取哪些统计度量的信息。优选地，测量配置请求中包括表示统计度量的索引。在接收到测量配置请求之后，终端设备统计出特定时间段(例如自上次反馈统计度量至今或者测量配置请求中指定的时间段)内的统计度量，诸如数据包成功传输率或数据包平均传输时间，将统计度量封装到测量报告中，并发送给控制设备。另外，测量配置请求还可以包括控制设备希望终端设备反馈统计度量的模式，包括：周期性模式，在该模式下，终端设备将以测量配置请求中指定的频率(如一小时一次，一天一次等)来周期性地反馈最新的统计度量；单次模式，在该模式下，终端设备将仅在接收到请求后反馈一次统计度量；事件驱动模式，在该模式下，终端设备将在出现触发事件时反馈统计度量。
在另一个示例中，如图3B中所示，终端设备向控制设备发送包含最新的统计度量的更新报告，控制设备接收该更新报告并向终端设备发送确认响应。这个过程可以被看作终端设备主动“推送”统计度量。终端设备推送统计度量的模式可以包括：周期性模式，在该模式下，终端设备定时地推送更新报告；事件驱动模式，在该模式下，终端设备将在出现触发事件时推送统计度量。
控制设备基于所获取的统计度量，分析当前终端设备分组下的数据传输的延时情况和/或可靠性情况。基于每个终端设备的统计度量，控制设备例如通过将统计度量与终端设备的传输要求(如延时要求、可靠性要求等)进行比较来判断各个终端设备的传输要求是否得到满足，并且确定是否需要调整分组。
在一个示例中，如果某个终端设备的统计度量指示该终端设备的上行数据传输的延时和/或可靠性不令人满意，则控制设备可以采取各种策略来调整与该终端设备有关的分组。例如，依据其数据配置特征将该终端设备移到竞争较不激烈的组中，例如具有邻近的竞争窗口且延时情况和/或可靠性情况良好的终端设备组中。又例如，控制设备减少该终端设备所在组中的终端设备的数量。又例如，控制设备甚至可以为该终端设备创建一个新的分组。又例如，控制设备可以延长该组的竞争窗口或者为该组分配更多的传输资源。
在另一个示例中，如果控制设备基于统计度量发现较多的终端设备的上行数据传输的延时和/或可靠性无法满足要求，无法通过微调分组来解决，则控制设备可以按照上面描述的分组过程来重新分组。作为示例，控制设备可以采用与上次分组不同的分组算法/准则来执行分组。
控制设备可以定期地获取统计度量和调整分组，例如一小时一次、一天一次、一周一次等等。高频率地调整分组可以及时地优化传输性能，但是可能会耗费较多的计算资源和传输资源。在工厂自动化的情况下，控制设备(如图1中的控制设备BS)可以在每天晚上生产线停工的时候收集统计度量，并调整终端设备的分组。
2、竞争窗口的确定
控制设备为每个终端设备组确定竞争窗口，即，确定每个组内的终端设备能够向控制设备传输数据的时间窗口。
为了避免不同组之间的竞争，控制设备为不同组确定的竞争窗口可以在时域上互不重叠，或者虽然在时域上重叠或重合，但是不同组使用的频域资源、码域资源等相互不同(例如，相互正交)。从这个意义上讲，“竞争窗口”可以理解为具有特定的传输资源集合的时间窗口。
下面将以4G LTE中使用的上行链路帧结构和5G NR中使用的帧结构为例，示意性描述竞争窗口和传输资源的形式。
图4A例示了LTE中的上行链路帧结构的示图400。10ms的帧被划分成10个相等大小的子帧。每个子帧为1ms，可包括2个连贯的时隙。每个时隙包括若干个物理资源块(PRB)。可使用资源网格来表示时隙。在LTE中，每个PRB包含频域中的12个连贯副载波，并且对于每个OFDM码元中的正常循环前缀而言，包含时域中的7个连贯的OFDM符号，或也就是说每个PRB包含84个资源元素(RE)。上行传输可用的PRB可被划分成数据区段和控制区段。控制区段中的PRB(如410a、410b)可被指派给终端设备以用于传输控制信息。数据区段可包括所有未被包括在控制区段中的PRB。终端设备也可被指派数据区段中的PRB(如420a、420b)以用于向控制设备eNB传送数据。PRB是LTE中分配的常用单元组。
图4B示出了5G通信系统中的上行链路帧结构的示图。作为与LTE兼容的固定构架，5G NR中的帧(10ms)同样包括10个相等大小的子帧。不同之处在于，NR中的帧结构具有根据副载波间隔的灵活构架。每个子帧的时隙可配置，每个时隙的符号数也可配置。NR还针对URLLC提出了迷你时隙(mini-slot)的概念。
取决于无线通信系统的调度配置，竞争窗口可以是各种粒度的。根据本公开的实施例，竞争窗口可以是与一个或多个连续的帧、子帧、时隙、迷你时隙等相关联的时间窗口。对应地，为每个组分配的传输资源可以是粒度比竞争窗口的粒度小的物理资源块、资源元素等。传输资源还可以包括功率域的资源。
在一个示例中，控制设备为每个终端设备组分配的竞争窗口可以具有相等大小，这将简化资源调度的复杂度。在另一个示例中，控制设备可以为不同组分配大小不同的竞争窗口。
在一个示例中，控制设备为每个终端设备组分配的竞争窗口可以是周期性的，直 到终端设备的分组被改变或者竞争窗口重新被确定。这样，控制设备可以仅向终端设备通知一次与其相关联的竞争窗口，这将减少信令传输开销。
控制设备为每个终端设备组确定的竞争窗口与该组内的终端设备的数据模式相匹配。例如，竞争窗口是组内的终端设备要发送数据的时间点大体上集中的时间段，并且竞争窗口的跨度足以允许所有的或绝大部分的终端设备完成数据传输。控制设备统筹考虑所有组的竞争窗口，最大程度上避免各个组的数据传输之间的干扰。
在确定好各个组的竞争窗口之后，控制设备可以向每个终端设备通知该终端设备所在的组的竞争窗口。竞争窗口的通知可以在诸如PDCCH的物理层控制信道上进行，也可以利用例如MAC层信令、RRC(Radio Resource Control)信令等高层信令上进行。
控制设备进而可以为每个组分配传输资源。不同组的传输资源可以是相同的。但是对于竞争窗口有重叠的终端设备组，它们的传输资源是相互正交的，以避免组间干扰。传输资源例如是物理资源块或资源元素的集合。传输资源与每个组的数据模式相匹配。控制设备通过控制信道(如PDCCH、MAC控制元素、RRC重配置消息)向各个组内的终端设备发送资源分配信息。
虽然上面将竞争窗口的确定与传输资源的分配分开描述，但是在一个示例中，控制设备确定和通知竞争窗口的操作可以隐含在传输资源的分配和通知操作中。具体而言，当控制设备为一个终端设备组分配了在特定时域范围内的传输资源集合，如跨越一个或多个时隙的若干个PRB，由于该组内的终端设备可用于数据传输的时间窗口在该时域范围内，从而可以认为已经为该终端设备组确定了竞争窗口。换句话说，竞争窗口可以由所分配的传输资源集合来体现。
3、基于竞争的上行传输
各终端设备接收与它对应的竞争窗口的信息，并且在该竞争窗口内利用可用的传输资源来进行上行数据传输。这里与现有技术中的基于竞争的随机接入过程不同，终端设备不必发送随机接入的前导码(preamble)即Msg1至控制设备，而是直接进行上行数据传输以减小时延(例如，直接传输传统随机接入过程中的Msg3，Msg3经由上行共享信道(UL-SCH)传输并且包含从上层提交的与UE竞争解决标识(UE  Contention Resolution Identity)有关的小区无线网络临时标识符MAC控制元素(C-RNTI MAC CE)或公共控制信道服务数据单元(CCCH SDU))。
根据本公开的实施例，终端设备以基于竞争的方式进行数据传输。控制设备以组为单位分配传输资源，诸如时频资源、码域资源、发射功率等用于传输的资源要素，对于组内的所有终端设备来说，这些传输资源是共用的。
如果某个终端设备有数据需要上行传输，则它将随机选择竞争窗口内的时间点开始传输，但是自该时间点至竞争窗口关闭的时间足够长以完成数据的至少单次上行传输。终端设备决定是否进行接入取决于随机接入因子。随机接入因子指示了该用户的接入频率，其由信道状态、终端设备的传输模式以及用户的可靠性要求、延时要求等决定。另外，终端设备还确定用于传输的发射功率，例如采用由控制设备之前分配的功率。
由于组内的终端设备利用共用的传输资源进行上行传输，可能会产生两个或更多个终端设备同时发送的情况，从而产生冲突。控制设备接收混合信号，并通过冲突决策(如下面将详细描述的冲突决策)来管理这种冲突。在对混合信号成功解码的情况下，控制设备获得各个终端设备发送的数据。
4、冲突管理
控制设备可以通过对接收的传输信号进行解码来恢复终端设备发送的数据包。
但是存在这样的情况：同一组内的至少两个终端设备上行传输的时段有重叠，换句话说，在重叠时间段内，这至少两个终端设备共享了传输资源同时进行数据传输，这些终端设备的传输信号在信道中相互叠加，因此控制设备接收的将是混合信号。这导致了传输冲突。
根据本公开的优选实施例，通过利用非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术来解决传输冲突。NOMA的信道传输依然采用正交频分复用(OFDM)或者离散傅里叶变换正交频分复用(DFT-S-OFDM)技术，只是在一个子频带上传输资源(如时域、频域资源)不再是只分配给一个终端设备，而是由多个终端设备共享，以提高频谱效率、用户最大接入数量和数据吞吐量。NOMA的示例包括资源扩展多址接入(Resource Spread Multiple Access，RSMA)、稀疏码多址接入(Sparse Code Mulitple Access，SCMA)、 多用户共享接入(Multi-User Shared Access，MUSA)、图样分割多址接入(Pattern Division Multiple Access，PDMA)等等。
控制设备在执行资源调度时还为每个终端设备分配不同的信号功率，使得终端设备的传输信号具有不同的传输能量。根据不同的终端设备的传输能量的差异，控制设备利用串行干扰删除(SIC)来以实现多用户检测以及用户数据解码。串行干扰删除的基本思想是采用逐级消除干扰策略，在接收信号中对终端设备的信号逐个进行判决，进行幅度恢复后，将该终端设备信号产生的多址干扰(MAI)从接收信号中减去，并对剩下的终端设备再次进行判决，如此循环操作，直至消除所有的多址干扰。
由此，即使同一个组内的两个或更多个终端设备同时传输数据而导致冲突，通过使用NOMA技术对接收信号进行解码，控制设备仍然有可能恢复出各个终端设备的数据。
作为NOMA解码的一个示例，控制设备为每个终端设备分配不同的SCMA码本。当终端设备要传输数据时，终端设备利用SCMA编码器对数据进行SCMA编码。当控制设备接收到来自一个或更多个终端设备的传输信号时，控制设备采用诸如MPA检测之类的算法来对接收信号进行解码。
作为另一个示例，每个终端设备具有特定于该终端设备的非正交特征图样，当终端设备要传输数据时，终端设备处的PDMA编码器利用PDMA图样矩阵对数据的调制信号进行图样映射。控制设备接收来自一个或更多个终端设备的传输信号，并采用诸如SIC算法或BP(Brief Propagation)算法进行多用户检测。
根据本公开的实施例，还可以采用其它的NOMA技术。
图5例示了根据本公开的实施例的通过利用NOMA解码来管理冲突的示意图。如图5中所示，被分到同一组中的终端设备UE1和UE2同时传输数据，导致产生冲突。虽然图5中仅示出了两个终端设备，但是有可能有更多个终端设备同时传输数据。控制设备BS接收到由UE1的传输信号和UE2的传输信号在信道中叠加而得到的混合信号。控制设备BS对此混合信号进行NOMA解码。在成功解码之后，控制设备BS分别向UE1和UE2发送确认响应ACK(例如包含相应UE的UE竞争解决标识)，以指示该数据包的成功传输。
当控制设备即使采用NOMA技术仍然无法成功解码终端设备的数据时，控制设备可以要求终端设备重传。
图6A例示了根据本公开的实施例的重传机制的示例。如图6A中所示，被分到同一组中的终端设备UE1和UE2同时传输数据，导致产生冲突。控制设备BS对混合信号进行解码。当解码不成功而无法恢复出UE1和UE2的数据时，控制设备BS向UE1、UE2发送重传请求，例如通过发送指示未成功接收数据包的否定响应NACK。
在一个示例中，由于控制设备BS暂时无法解码出终端设备的数据，有可能无法得知究竟是组中的哪些终端设备进行了上行传输，从而无法判断应该向哪些终端设备发送重传请求。在这种情况下，控制设备BS可以向组中的所有终端设备发送否定响应NACK。之前未执行数据传输或者虽然执行了数据传输但已收到确认响应ACK的终端设备(在图6A中，组内除UE1和UE2之外的终端设备)可以忽略此NACK，不执行重传。只有刚执行数据传输且未收到任何响应的终端设备(在图6A中，如UE1和UE2)响应于接收到NACK而执行重传。
在另一个示例中，控制设备BS可以通过表征终端设备身份的指标(例如传输功率、UE竞争解决标识，或者特定于终端设备的数据包时间戳、数据包长度等等)来辨别究竟是组中的哪些终端设备进行了上行传输，例如在图6A中的示例中，辨别出是UE1和UE2进行了上行传输。
如图6A中所示，控制设备BS向产生冲突的UE1和UE2发送NACK，以请求终端设备重传。响应于接收到NACK，UE1和UE2确定将需要重新传输数据。这里，终端设备可以采取诸如基于调度的重传方式、基于竞争的重传方式之类的各种重传方式。例如，按照基于调度的重传方式，控制设备BS为需要重传的终端设备UE1和UE2分配相互不同的传输资源，使得UE1和UE2能够利用所分配的传输资源来执行重传。例如，按照基于竞争的重传方式，控制设备BS为需要重传的终端设备UE1和UE2分配新的竞争窗口和共用的传输资源，使得UE1和UE2能够利用所分配的传输资源以竞争的方式来执行重传，例如UE1和UE2能够使用根据本公开的基于竞争的上行传输来执行重传。
这里参照图6B描述根据本公开的实施例的改进的重传机制。
如图6B中所示，被分到同一组中的终端设备UE1和UE2同时传输数据，导致产生冲突。控制设备BS对混合信号进行解码。当解码不成功时，控制设备BS选择传输冲突的终端设备中的一部分终端设备而非所有终端设备重传。
为了选择需要重传的终端设备，控制设备BS可以考虑终端设备的信道状态、传输次数、传输要求(如延时要求、可靠性要求)、服务优先级等因素。
在一个示例中，控制设备BS执行的选择可以根据如下基于参量的策略：针对每个冲突的终端设备，控制设备BS基于终端设备的信道状态、传输次数、传输要求(如延时要求、可靠性要求)、服务优先级来定义参量，该参量体现了终端设备的期望的解码顺序。若终端设备的信道状态越好、重传次数越多、传输要求越严格、服务优先级越高，则该参量的值越大。一般来说，该参量越大，则对应的终端设备应越优先解码。控制设备BS根据这种参量的排序来向一部分终端设备发送重传请求。
控制设备BS还为选择重传的终端设备分配传输资源，使得终端设备能够利用所分配的传输资源来执行重传。如果选择重传的终端设备不止一个，终端设备可以采取基于调度的重传方式或基于竞争的重传方式。按照基于调度的重传方式，控制设备BS为选择重传的终端设备分配相互不同的传输资源。按照基于竞争的重传方式，控制设备BS为选择重传的终端设备分配竞争窗口和共用的传输资源，使得终端设备能够进行基于竞争的上行传输，如根据本公开的基于竞争的上行传输。
例如图6B中所示，控制设备BS仅向UE1发送否定响应NACK以请求UE1重传数据。响应于接收到NACK，UE1重新传输数据。控制设备BS接收来自UE1的传输信号并进行解码。对于未被选择重传的终端设备，控制设备BS可以利用历史数据，即重传之前的接收信号(UE1和UE2的混合信号)来进行联合解码。例如，通过从混合信号中移除重传之后的接收信号(UE1的传输信号)，解码出UE2的数据。然后，控制设备BS向UE1和UE2发送确认响应ACK，以指示成功传输。虽然图6B中仅示出了两个冲突的终端设备，但是当冲突的终端设备多于两个时，可以执行类似的处理。
通过如图6B中描述的改进的重传机制，仅需要产生冲突的终端设备中的一部分重传。这可以减少需要重传的终端设备的数量，降低信令传输和数据重传的资源开销。
下面将描述用于实现根据本公开的实施例的基于竞争的上行数据传输的电子设备 和通信方法。
5、控制设备侧的电子设备及其通信方法
图7A是例示了根据实施例的控制设备侧的电子设备500的配置框图。
电子设备500可以与多个终端设备(如后面将详细描述的电子设备600)通信。
如图7A中所示，电子设备500至少包括处理电路501，处理电路501至少可以被配置为执行如图7B中所示的通信方法的各个步骤。处理电路501可以指在计算系统中执行功能的数字电路系统、模拟电路系统或混合信号(模拟信号和数字信号的组合)电路系统的各种实现。处理电路501可以包括例如诸如集成电路(IC)、专用集成电路(ASIC)之类的电路、单独处理器核心的部分或电路、整个处理器核心、单独的处理器、诸如现场可编程们阵列(FPGA)的可编程硬件设备、和/或包括多个处理器的系统。
处理电路501包括分组单元502、确定单元503和通知单元504。
分组单元502被配置为基于多个终端设备的数据配置特征来对终端设备进行分组(图7B中的步骤S501)。数据配置特征包括：终端设备的ID、终端设备的位置、终端设备参与的流程或执行的操作的标识信息、数据的产生周期、数据包长度、数据传输的延时约束、数据传输的可靠性约束或数据流的服务质量类别指标等。
分组单元502还可以被配置为在对终端设备进行分组时考虑终端设备与控制设备之间的信道状态，例如，通过考虑信道状态信息(CSI)。
分组单元502还被配置为基于终端设备的数据传输的统计度量来对终端设备的分组进行调整。数据传输的统计度量包括例如数据包成功传输率或数据包平均传输时间。
确定单元503被配置为确定每个终端设备组的竞争窗口(图7B中的步骤S502)。每个竞争窗口可被确定为一个或多个连续的上行链路帧、子帧、时隙。每个组的竞争窗口可以是周期性的。在各个组被分配非正交的传输资源的情况下，不同组的竞争窗口被确定为在时域上不重叠。在各个组被分配正交的传输资源的情况下，不同组的竞争窗口可以在时域上重叠。
通知单元504被配置为向每个终端设备通知与其相关联的竞争窗口，使得每个终 端设备能够在各自的竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输(图7B中的步骤S503)。关于竞争窗口的信息可以由通知单元504以资源分配信息的形式通过控制信道发送给相应的终端设备。
在一个示例中，电子设备500还可以包括解码单元和重传单元(图7A中未示出)。其中，解码单元被配置为对从终端设备接收的信号进行解码，以获得终端设备传输的数据。解码单元可以利用NOMA技术来解码数据。重传单元被配置为当解码单元的解码失败时，向产生冲突的终端设备或其部分发送重传请求。解码单元然后对重传的数据进行解码。解码单元还可以利用重传之前的历史数据来进行联合解码。
电子设备500还可以包括例如通信单元505和存储器506。
通信单元505可以被配置为在处理电路501的控制下与终端设备进行通信。在一个示例中，通信单元505可以被实现为收发机。通信单元505用虚线绘出，因为它还可以位于电子设备500外。
存储器506可以存储由处理电路501产生的各种数据(例如，终端设备的分组信息、各个终端设备组的竞争窗口的信息、由解码单元解码的数据等等)、用于电子设备500操作的程序、电子设备500要操作的数据(例如，数据配置特征、数据传输的统计度量、信道状态信息等)、将由通信单元505发送的数据等。存储器506用虚线绘出，因为它还可以位于处理电路501内或者位于电子设备500外。存储器506可以是易失性存储器和/或非易失性存储器。例如，存储器506可以包括但不限于随机存储存储器(RAM)、动态随机存储存储器(DRAM)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、闪存存储器。
6、终端设备侧的电子设备及其通信方法
图8A是例示了根据实施例的终端设备侧的电子设备600的配置框图。
电子设备600位于终端设备中，可以与控制设备(如前面描述的电子设备500)通信。
如图8A中所示，电子设备600至少包括处理电路601，处理电路601至少可以被配置为执行如图8B中所示的通信方法的各个步骤。与处理电路501类似，处理电路601可以指在计算系统中执行功能的数字电路系统、模拟电路系统或混合信号(模拟信 号和数字信号的组合)电路系统的各种实现。处理电路可以包括例如诸如集成电路(IC)、专用集成电路(ASIC)之类的电路、单独处理器核心的部分或电路、整个处理器核心、单独的处理器、诸如现场可编程们阵列(FPGA)的可编程硬件设备、和/或包括多个处理器的系统。
处理电路601包括接收单元602和数据传输单元603。
接收单元602被配置为从控制设备接收关于被分配给该终端设备的竞争窗口的信息(图8B中的步骤S601)。其中，竞争窗口是由控制设备基于包括该终端设备在内的多个终端设备的数据配置特征确定的。在一个示例中，接收单元602所接收的竞争窗口是周期性的，以便于数据传输单元603定期传输数据。
数据传输单元603被配置为在相应的竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输(图8B中的步骤S602)。数据传输单元603利用可用的传输资源随机接入控制设备并传输数据，其中这些传输资源可以被同一组中的其它终端设备共用。
在一个示例中，数据传输单元603被配置为通过NOMA技术进行数据传输。
数据传输单元603还被配置为响应于接收到来自控制设备的重传请求而重新传输数据。
处理电路601还可以包括例如通信单元604和存储器605。
通信单元604可以被配置为在处理电路601的控制下与终端设备进行通信。在一个示例中，通信单元604可以被实现为收发机。通信单元604用虚线绘出，因为它还可以位于电子设备600外。
存储器605可以存储由处理电路601产生的各种数据(例如，由接收单元602接收的关于竞争窗口的信息)、用于电子设备600操作的程序、将由通信单元604发送的数据等。存储器604用虚线绘出，因为它还可以位于处理电路601内或者位于电子设备600外。存储器604可以是易失性存储器和/或非易失性存储器。例如，存储器604可以包括但不限于随机存储存储器(RAM)、动态随机存储存储器(DRAM)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、闪存存储器。
7、上行数据传输的信令流程
图9例示了根据本公开的实施例的上行数据传输的信令流程。图9中仅示意性地示出了两个终端设备UE1和UE2，但是应理解，终端设备的数量不限于此。在诸如工厂自动化之类的场景下，每个自动化小区可能包括许多的终端设备。
如图9中所示，在阶段1，控制设备BS获取数据配置特征和/或统计度量，例如通过由控制设备BS从终端设备UE1、UE2拉取或请求，或者由终端设备UE1、UE2向控制设备BS推送。另外，控制设备BS也可以从管理系统的数据库获取数据配置特征。
在阶段2，控制设备BS基于数据配置特征将终端设备分组，或者基于统计度量调整终端设备的分组。取决于分组结果，UE1和UE2可能会被分到同一组，也有可能会被分到不同组。
在阶段3，控制设备BS确定每个终端设备组的竞争窗口，并通过控制信道向每个终端设备发送关于对应的竞争窗口的信息。
在阶段4，控制设备BS执行资源调度，以终端设备组为单位分配传输资源，并且通过控制信道向每个终端设备发送资源分配信息。
如前面的章节所描述的，阶段3和阶段4的操作可以结合在一起，例如，每个终端设备组的竞争窗口可以由分配给它的传输资源集合体现。
在阶段5，终端设备UE1、UE2在其具有要传输的数据时，通过数据信道在相应的竞争窗口内进行基于竞争的上行数据传输。
在阶段6，控制设备BS接收来自终端设备的传输信号，并进行解码，从而获得各个终端设备的数据。
可选地，信令流程还可以包括阶段7。当由于同一组内的两个或更多个终端设备同时进行数据传输而产生冲突时，控制设备BS对于这些终端设备的混合信号的解码尝试失败，控制设备BS通过冲突决策(如上面的章节所述的冲突决策)来管理这种冲突。在阶段7，控制设备BS确定需要重传的终端设备，如产生冲突的所有终端设备或部分终端设备，向其发送重传请求。响应于接收到重传请求，终端设备通过数据信道重新发送数据。
8、仿真
下面通过仿真来验证根据本公开的上行传输方案实现的技术效果。在假设数据随机到达的情况下，仿真以下三种上行传输方式下的平均延时：(1)传统的ALOHA；(2)无分组的基于竞争的上行传输；(3)有分组的基于竞争的上行传输，如本公开中所描述的。在仿真中，考虑终端设备的数据到达来自于两方面，一者来自于自身产生而与其它终端设备无关，二者由其它终端设备的数据产生引起。
具体的仿真过程如下：首先，利用到达率对各个终端设备的数据到达进行建模，即确定各个时隙产生数据包的概率，以及该终端设备的数据产生后将导致其它终端设备产生数据的概率。接下来，对整个通信过程进行仿真，具体结果如下：
表1 上行传输的平均延时
Figure PCTCN2019090572-appb-000003
从上面的表1可以看出，根据本公开的基于竞争的上行传输能够进一步降低延时。另外，与传统的基于竞争的上行传输(无分组)相比，根据本公开的基于竞争的传输(有分组)能够保证高可靠性。
上面已经详细描述了本公开的实施例的各个方面。在本公开中描述了工厂自动化作为URLLC场景的示例，但是应当理解，本公开的应用场景不限于工厂自动化场景，甚至不限于URLLC场景。本公开提出的改进的基于竞争的上行传输方案可被应用于对延时和可靠性有较高要求的任何应用场景。
另外，应当理解，上述各实施例中描述的电子设备500、600的各个单元仅是根据其所实现的具体功能划分的逻辑模块，而不是用于限制具体的实现方式。在实际实现时，上述各单元可被实现为独立的物理实体，或者也可以由单个实体(例如，处理器(CPU或DSP等)、集成电路等)来实现。
9、本公开的示例性实现
根据本公开的实施例，可以想到各种实现本公开的概念的实现方式，包括但不限于：
1).一种用于控制设备侧的电子设备，包括处理电路，该处理电路被配置为：基于多个终端设备的数据配置特征，对所述多个终端设备进行分组；确定用于每个 组的竞争窗口；向所述多个终端设备中的每个终端设备通知与该终端设备相关联的竞争窗口，使得每个终端设备能够在各自的竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
2).如1)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：基于所述多个终端设备的数据传输的统计度量，对所述多个终端设备重新分组。
3).如2)所述的电子设备，其中所述统计度量包括以下项中的至少一项：数据包传输成功率、数据包平均传输时间。
4).如2)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：接收由所述多个终端设备推送的关于所述统计度量的信息。
5).如2)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：向所述多个终端设备请求所述统计度量；从所述多个终端设备接收关于所述统计度量的信息。
6).如1)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：接收由所述多个终端设备推送的关于所述数据配置特征的信息。
7).如1)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：向所述多个终端设备请求所述数据配置特征；从所述多个终端设备接收关于所述数据配置特征的信息。
8).如1)所述的电子设备，其中所述多个终端设备中的特定终端设备可被包含在一个或多个组中。
9).如1)所述的电子设备，其中每个组的竞争窗口是周期性的。
10).如1)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：为每个组分配传输资源，使得组中的所有终端设备能够使用所分配的传输资源进行数据传输。
11).如1)所述的电子设备，其中，一个组的竞争窗口和另一个组的竞争窗口在时间上重叠，并且所述处理电路被配置为：为所述一个组和所述另一个组分配相互不同的传输资源。
12).如1)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为对每个组中的终端设备发送的信号进行解码。
13).如12)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为通过非正交多址 接入(NOMA)对同一个组中的至少两个终端设备同时发送的信号进行解码。
14).如13)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：当所述解码不成功时，向所述至少两个终端设备中的至少一部分发送重传请求。
15).如14)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：为所述至少两个终端设备中的所述至少一部分确定竞争窗口并分配传输资源，以供所述至少一部分以竞争的方式重传数据。
16).如14)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：为所述至少两个终端设备中的所述至少一部分分配相互不同的传输资源，以供所述至少一部分以非竞争的方式重传数据。
17).如15)或16)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为通过结合所述重传之前接收到的信号和所述重传之后接收到的信号来进行解码。
18).如1)所述的电子设备，其中与特定终端设备相关联的数据配置特征包括以下项中的至少一项：该特定终端设备的ID、该特定终端设备的位置、该特定终端设备参与的流程的编号、该特定终端设备执行的操作的编号、该特定终端设备产生数据的周期、数据包长度、数据传输的延时约束、数据传输的可靠性约束、数据的服务质量类别指标。
19).如1)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路被配置为通过如下方式来对所述多个终端设备进行分组：基于所述数据配置特征，确定所述多个终端设备之间的相关性；将相关性高于阈值的终端设备分到同一组中。
20).如1)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路被配置为通过如下方式来对所述多个终端设备进行分组：基于所述数据配置特征，确定所述多个终端设备的服务优先级；避免将服务优先级高于阈值的终端设备分到同一组中。
21).一种用于终端设备侧的电子设备，包括处理电路，该处理电路被配置为：从控制设备接收关于被分配给该终端设备的竞争窗口的信息，其中所述竞争窗口是由所述控制设备基于包括该终端设备在内的多个终端设备的数据配置特征确定的；在所述竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
22).如21)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：确定在一个时 间段内所述数据传输的统计度量；向控制设备发送关于所述统计度量的信息。
23).如22)所述的电子设备，其中所述统计度量包括以下项中的至少一项：数据包传输成功率、数据包平均传输时间。
24).如22)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为向所述控制设备推送关于所述数据配置特征的信息和/或关于所述统计度量的信息。
25).如22)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：从控制设备接收对于所述数据配置特征和/或统计度量的请求；响应于所述请求，向控制设备发送关于所述数据配置特征的信息和/或关于所述统计度量的信息。
26).如21)所述的电子设备，其中所述竞争窗口是周期性的。
27).如21)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为通过非正交多址接入(NOMA)进行数据传输。
28).如21)所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：响应于从控制设备接收到重传请求，利用所分配的传输资源重传数据。
29).一种通信方法，包括：基于多个终端设备的数据配置特征，对所述多个终端设备进行分组；确定用于每个组的竞争窗口；向所述多个终端设备中的每个终端设备通知与该终端设备相关联的竞争窗口，使得每个终端设备能够在各自的竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
30).一种通信方法，包括：从控制设备接收关于被分配给该终端设备的竞争窗口的信息，其中所述竞争窗口是由所述控制设备基于包括该终端设备在内的多个终端设备的数据配置特征确定的；在所述竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
31).一种存储有可执行指令的非暂时性计算机可读存储介质，所述可执行指令当被执行时实现如29)或30)所述的通信方法。
32).一种控制设备侧的电子设备，包括处理电路，该处理电路被配置为：接收至少两个终端设备在同一竞争窗口内以竞争方式同时传输的数据；响应于确定不能对数据进行解码，向所述至少两个终端设备中的一部分发送重传请求。
10、本公开的应用示例
本公开中描述的技术能够应用于各种产品。
例如，根据本公开的实施例的电子设备500可以被实现为各种基站或者安装在基站中。如图7B中所示的通信方法可以由各种基站实现。根据本公开的实施例的电子设备600可以被实现为各种终端设备或者安装在终端设备中。如图8B中所示的通信方法可以由各种终端设备实现。
本公开中所说的控制设备可以被实现为任何类型的基站，优选地，诸如3GPP的5G通信标准新无线电(NR)接入技术中的宏gNB和小gNB。小gNB可以为覆盖比宏小区小的小区的gNB，诸如微微gNB、微gNB和家庭(毫微微)gNB。代替地，基站可以被实现为任何其他类型的基站，诸如NodeB、eNodeB和基站收发台(BTS)。控制设备还可以包括：被配置为控制无线通信的主体以及设置在与主体不同的地方的一个或多个远程无线头端(RRH)、无线中继站、无人机塔台、自动化小区中的主控单元等。
终端设备可以被实现为移动终端(诸如智能电话、平板个人计算机(PC)、笔记本式PC、便携式游戏终端、便携式/加密狗型移动路由器和数字摄像装置)或者车载终端(诸如汽车导航设备)。终端设备还可以被实现为执行机器对机器(M2M)通信的终端(也称为机器类型通信(MTC)终端)、无人机、自动化小区中的传感器和执行器等。此外，终端设备可以为安装在上述每个终端上的无线通信模块(诸如包括单个晶片的集成电路模块)。
1.关于基站的应用示例
应当理解，本公开中使用的术语“基站”具有其通常含义的全部广度，并且至少包括被用于作为无线通信系统或无线电系统的一部分以便于通信的无线通信站。基站的例子可以例如是但不限于以下：GSM通信系统中的基站收发信机(BTS)和基站控制器(BSC)中的一者或两者；3G通信系统中的无线电网络控制器(RNC)和NodeB中的一者或两者；4G LTE和LTE-Advanced系统中的eNB；未来通信系统中对应的网络节点(例如可能在5G通信系统中出现的gNB，等等)。在D2D、M2M以及V2V通信场景下，也可以将对通信具有控制功能的逻辑实体称为基站。在认知无线电通信场景下，还可以将起频谱协调作用的逻辑实体称为基站。
(第一应用示例)
图10是示出可以应用本公开中描述的技术的基站的示意性配置的第一应用示例的框图。基站可以实现为电子设备500或者包括电子设备500。在图10中，基站被示出为gNB 800。其中，gNB 800包括多个天线810以及基站设备820。基站设备820和每个天线810可以经由RF线缆彼此连接。
天线810可以包括多个天线元件(诸如包括在多输入多输出(MIMO)天线中的多个天线元件)，并且用于基站设备820发送和接收无线信号。如图10所示，gNB 800可以包括多个天线810。例如，多个天线810可以与gNB 800使用的多个频带兼容。图10示出其中gNB 800包括多个天线810的示例。
基站设备820包括控制器821、存储器822、网络接口823以及无线通信接口825。
控制器821可以为例如CPU或DSP，并且操作基站设备820的较高层的各种功能。例如，控制器821可以包括上面所述的处理电路601，执行如上面参照图7B描述的通信方法，或者控制电子设备500的各个单元(如分组单元502、确定单元503、通知单元504以及未示出的解码单元或重传单元)的操作。例如，控制器821根据由无线通信接口825处理的信号中的数据来生成数据分组，并经由网络接口823来传递所生成的分组。控制器821可以对来自多个基带处理器的数据进行捆绑以生成捆绑分组，并传递所生成的捆绑分组。控制器821可以具有执行如下控制的逻辑功能：该控制诸如为无线资源控制、无线承载控制、移动性管理、接纳控制和调度。该控制可以结合附近的gNB或核心网节点来执行。存储器822包括RAM和ROM，并且存储由控制器821执行的程序和各种类型的控制数据(诸如终端列表、传输功率数据以及调度数据)。
网络接口823为用于将基站设备820连接至核心网824的通信接口。控制器821可以经由网络接口823而与核心网节点或另外的gNB进行通信。在此情况下，gNB 800与核心网节点或其他gNB可以通过逻辑接口(诸如S1接口和X2接口)而彼此连接。网络接口823还可以为有线通信接口或用于无线回程线路的无线通信接口。如果网络接口823为无线通信接口，则与由无线通信接口825使用的频带相比，网络接口823可以使用较高频带用于无线通信。
无线通信接口825支持任何蜂窝通信方案(诸如长期演进(LTE)、LTE-A、NR)，并且经由天线810来提供到位于gNB 800的小区中的终端的无线连接。无线通信接口825通常可以包括例如基带(BB)处理器826和RF电路827。BB处理器826可以执行例如编码/解码、调制/解调以及复用/解复用，并且执行层(例如L1、介质访问控制(MAC)、无线链路控制(RLC)和分组数据汇聚协议(PDCP))的各种类型的信号处理。代替控制器821，BB处理器826可以具有上述逻辑功能的一部分或全部。BB处理器826可以为存储通信控制程序的存储器，或者为包括被配置为执行程序的处理器和相关电路的模块。更新程序可以使BB处理器826的功能改变。该模块可以为插入到基站设备820的槽中的卡或刀片。可替代地，该模块也可以为安装在卡或刀片上的芯片。同时，RF电路827可以包括例如混频器、滤波器和放大器，并且经由天线810来传送和接收无线信号。
如图10所示，无线通信接口825可以包括多个BB处理器826。例如，多个BB处理器826可以与gNB 800使用的多个频带兼容。如图10所示，无线通信接口825可以包括多个RF电路827。例如，多个RF电路827可以与多个天线元件兼容。虽然图10示出其中无线通信接口825包括多个BB处理器826和多个RF电路827的示例，但是无线通信接口825也可以包括单个BB处理器826或单个RF电路827。
在图10中示出的gNB 800中，参照图7A描述的处理电路501中包括的一个或多个单元可被实现在无线通信接口825中。可替代地，这些组件中的至少一部分可被实现在控制器821中。例如，gNB 800包含无线通信接口825的一部分(例如，BB处理器826)或者整体，和/或包括控制器821的模块，并且一个或多个组件可被实现在模块中。在这种情况下，模块可以存储用于允许处理器起一个或多个组件的作用的程序(换言之，用于允许处理器执行一个或多个组件的操作的程序)，并且可以执行该程序。作为另一个示例，用于允许处理器起一个或多个组件的作用的程序可被安装在gNB 800中，并且无线通信接口825(例如，BB处理器826)和/或控制器821可以执行该程序。如上所述，作为包括一个或多个组件的装置，gNB 800、基站装置820或模块可被提供，并且用于允许处理器起一个或多个组件的作用的程序可被提供。另外，将程序记录在其中的可读介质可被提供。
(第二应用示例)
图11是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的基站的示意性配置的第二示例的框图。基站可以实现为电子设备500或者包括电子设备500。在图11中，基站被示出为gNB 830。gNB 830包括一个或多个天线840、基站设备850和RRH 860。RRH 860和每个天线840可以经由RF线缆而彼此连接。基站设备850和RRH 860可以经由诸如光纤线缆的高速线路而彼此连接。
天线840包括多个天线元件(诸如包括在MIMO天线中的多个天线元件)并且用于RRH 860发送和接收无线信号。如图11所示，gNB 830可以包括多个天线840。例如，多个天线840可以与gNB 830使用的多个频带兼容。图11示出其中gNB 830包括多个天线840的示例。
基站设备850包括控制器851、存储器852、网络接口853、无线通信接口855以及连接接口857。控制器851、存储器852和网络接口853与参照图10描述的控制器821、存储器822和网络接口823相同。
无线通信接口855支持任何蜂窝通信方案(诸如LTE、LTE-A、NR)，并且经由RRH 860和天线840来提供到位于与RRH 860对应的扇区中的终端的无线通信。无线通信接口855通常可以包括例如BB处理器856。除了BB处理器856经由连接接口857连接到RRH 860的RF电路864之外，BB处理器856与参照图10描述的BB处理器826相同。如图11所示，无线通信接口855可以包括多个BB处理器856。例如，多个BB处理器856可以与gNB 830使用的多个频带兼容。虽然图11示出其中无线通信接口855包括多个BB处理器856的示例，但是无线通信接口855也可以包括单个BB处理器856。
连接接口857为用于将基站设备850(无线通信接口855)连接至RRH 860的接口。连接接口857还可以为用于将基站设备850(无线通信接口855)连接至RRH 860的上述高速线路中的通信的通信模块。
RRH 860包括连接接口861和无线通信接口863。
连接接口861为用于将RRH 860(无线通信接口863)连接至基站设备850的接口。连接接口861还可以为用于上述高速线路中的通信的通信模块。
无线通信接口863经由天线840来传送和接收无线信号。RF电路864可以包 括例如混频器、滤波器和放大器，并且经由天线840来传送和接收无线信号。如图11所示，无线通信接口863可以包括多个RF电路864。例如，多个RF电路864可以支持多个天线元件。虽然图11示出其中无线通信接口863包括多个RF电路864的示例，但是无线通信接口863也可以包括单个RF电路864。
在图11中示出的gNB 830中，参照图7A描述的处理电路501中包括的一个或多个单元可被实现在无线通信接口855中。可替代地，这些组件中的至少一部分可被实现在控制器851中。例如，gNB 830包含无线通信接口855的一部分(例如，BB处理器856)或者整体，和/或包括控制器851的模块，并且一个或多个组件可被实现在模块中。在这种情况下，模块可以存储用于允许处理器起一个或多个组件的作用的程序(换言之，用于允许处理器执行一个或多个组件的操作的程序)，并且可以执行该程序。作为另一个示例，用于允许处理器起一个或多个组件的作用的程序可被安装在gNB 830中，并且无线通信接口855(例如，BB处理器856)和/或控制器851可以执行该程序。如上所述，作为包括一个或多个组件的装置，gNB 830、基站装置850或模块可被提供，并且用于允许处理器起一个或多个组件的作用的程序可被提供。
2.关于用户设备的应用示例
(第一应用示例)
图12是示出可以应用本申请内容的技术的智能电话900的示意性配置的示例的框图。智能电话900可以被实现为参照图8A描述的电子设备600或包括电子设备600。智能电话900包括处理器901、存储器902、存储装置903、外部连接接口904、摄像装置906、传感器907、麦克风908、输入设备909、显示设备910、扬声器911、无线通信接口912、一个或多个天线开关915、一个或多个天线916、总线917、电池918以及辅助控制器919。
处理器901可以为例如CPU或片上系统(SoC)，并且控制智能电话900的应用层和另外层的功能。处理器901可以包括或充当实施例中参照图8A描述的处理电路601。存储器902包括RAM和ROM，并且存储数据和由处理器901执行的程序。存储器902可以包括或充当参照图8A描述的存储单元605。存储装置903可以包括存储介质，诸如半导体存储器和硬盘。外部连接接口904为用于将外部装置(诸如存 储卡和通用串行总线(USB)装置)连接至智能电话900的接口。
摄像装置906包括图像传感器(诸如电荷耦合器件(CCD)和互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS))，并且生成捕获图像。传感器907可以包括一组传感器，诸如测量传感器、陀螺仪传感器、地磁传感器和加速度传感器。麦克风908将输入到智能电话900的声音转换为音频信号。输入设备909包括例如被配置为检测显示设备910的屏幕上的触摸的触摸传感器、小键盘、键盘、按钮或开关，并且接收从用户输入的操作或信息。显示设备910包括屏幕(诸如液晶显示器(LCD)和有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器)，并且显示智能电话900的输出图像。扬声器911将从智能电话900输出的音频信号转换为声音。
无线通信接口912支持任何蜂窝通信方案(诸如LTE、LTE-A、NR)，并且执行无线通信。无线通信接口912通常可以包括例如BB处理器913和RF电路914。BB处理器913可以执行例如编码/解码、调制/解调以及复用/解复用，并且执行用于无线通信的各种类型的信号处理。同时，RF电路914可以包括例如混频器、滤波器和放大器，并且经由天线916来传送和接收无线信号。无线通信接口912可以为其上集成有BB处理器913和RF电路914的一个芯片模块。如图12所示，无线通信接口912可以包括多个BB处理器913和多个RF电路914。虽然图12示出其中无线通信接口912包括多个BB处理器913和多个RF电路914的示例，但是无线通信接口912也可以包括单个BB处理器913或单个RF电路914。
此外，除了蜂窝通信方案之外，无线通信接口912可以支持另外类型的无线通信方案，诸如短距离无线通信方案、近场通信方案和无线局域网(LAN)方案。在此情况下，无线通信接口912可以包括针对每种无线通信方案的BB处理器913和RF电路914。
天线开关915中的每一个在包括在无线通信接口912中的多个电路(例如用于不同的无线通信方案的电路)之间切换天线916的连接目的地。
天线91可以包括多个天线元件(诸如包括在MIMO天线中的多个天线元件)，并且用于无线通信接口912传送和接收无线信号。如图12所示，智能电话900可以包括多个天线916。虽然图12示出其中智能电话900包括多个天线916的示例，但是智能电话900也可以包括单个天线916。
此外，智能电话900可以包括针对每种无线通信方案的天线916。在此情况下，天线开关915可以从智能电话900的配置中省略。
总线917将处理器901、存储器902、存储装置903、外部连接接口904、摄像装置906、传感器907、麦克风908、输入设备909、显示设备910、扬声器911、无线通信接口912以及辅助控制器919彼此连接。电池918经由馈线向图12所示的智能电话900的各个块提供电力，馈线在图中被部分地示为虚线。辅助控制器919例如在睡眠模式下操作智能电话900的最小必需功能。
在图12中示出的智能电话900中，参照图8A描述的处理电路601中包括的一个或多个单元(例如，接收单元602、数据传输单元603)可被实现在无线通信接口912中。可替代地，这些组件中的至少一部分可被实现在处理器901或者辅助控制器919中。作为一个示例，智能电话900包含无线通信接口912的一部分(例如，BB处理器913)或者整体，和/或包括处理器901和/或辅助控制器919的模块，并且一个或多个组件可被实现在该模块中。在这种情况下，该模块可以存储允许处理起一个或多个组件的作用的程序(换言之，用于允许处理器执行一个或多个组件的操作的程序)，并且可以执行该程序。作为另一个示例，用于允许处理器起一个或多个组件的作用的程序可被安装在智能电话900中，并且无线通信接口912(例如，BB处理器913)、处理器901和/或辅助控制器919可以执行该程序。如上所述，作为包括一个或多个组件的装置，智能电话900或者模块可被提供，并且用于允许处理器起一个或多个组件的作用的程序可被提供。另外，将程序记录在其中的可读介质可被提供。
另外，在图12中示出的智能电话900中，例如，电子设备600的通信单元505可被实现在无线通信接口912(例如，RF电路914)中。
(第二应用示例)
图13是示出可以应用本申请内容的技术的汽车导航设备920的示意性配置的示例的框图。其中，智能电话900可以被实现为参照附图描述的电子设备500、700、1000、1500、1600。汽车导航设备920包括处理器921、存储器922、全球定位系统(GPS)模块924、传感器925、数据接口926、内容播放器927、存储介质接口928、输入设备929、显示设备930、扬声器931、无线通信接口933、一个或多个天线开关936、一个或多个天线937以及电池938。
处理器921可以为例如CPU或SoC，并且控制汽车导航设备920的导航功能和另外的功能。存储器922包括RAM和ROM，并且存储数据和由处理器921执行的程序。
GPS模块924使用从GPS卫星接收的GPS信号来测量汽车导航设备920的位 置(诸如纬度、经度和高度)。传感器925可以包括一组传感器，诸如陀螺仪传感器、地磁传感器和空气压力传感器。数据接口926经由未示出的终端而连接到例如车载网络941，并且获取由车辆生成的数据(诸如车速数据)。
内容播放器927再现存储在存储介质(诸如CD和DVD)中的内容，该存储介质被插入到存储介质接口928中。输入设备929包括例如被配置为检测显示设备930的屏幕上的触摸的触摸传感器、按钮或开关，并且接收从用户输入的操作或信息。显示设备930包括诸如LCD或OLED显示器的屏幕，并且显示导航功能的图像或再现的内容。扬声器931输出导航功能的声音或再现的内容。
无线通信接口933支持任何蜂窝通信方案(诸如LTE、LTE-A、NR)，并且执行无线通信。无线通信接口933通常可以包括例如BB处理器934和RF电路935。BB处理器934可以执行例如编码/解码、调制/解调以及复用/解复用，并且执行用于无线通信的各种类型的信号处理。同时，RF电路935可以包括例如混频器、滤波器和放大器，并且经由天线937来传送和接收无线信号。无线通信接口933还可以为其上集成有BB处理器934和RF电路935的一个芯片模块。如图13所示，无线通信接口933可以包括多个BB处理器934和多个RF电路935。虽然图13示出其中无线通信接口933包括多个BB处理器934和多个RF电路935的示例，但是无线通信接口933也可以包括单个BB处理器934或单个RF电路935。
此外，除了蜂窝通信方案之外，无线通信接口933可以支持另外类型的无线通信方案，诸如短距离无线通信方案、近场通信方案和无线LAN方案。在此情况下，针对每种无线通信方案，无线通信接口933可以包括BB处理器934和RF电路935。
天线开关936中的每一个在包括在无线通信接口933中的多个电路(诸如用于不同的无线通信方案的电路)之间切换天线937的连接目的地。
天线937可以包括多个天线元件(诸如包括在MIMO天线中的多个天线元件)，并且用于无线通信接口933传送和接收无线信号。如图13所示，汽车导航设备920可以包括多个天线937。虽然图13示出其中汽车导航设备920包括多个天线937的示例，但是汽车导航设备920也可以包括单个天线937。
此外，汽车导航设备920可以包括针对每种无线通信方案的天线937。在此情况下，天线开关936可以从汽车导航设备920的配置中省略。
电池938经由馈线向图13所示的汽车导航设备920的各个块提供电力，馈线在图中被部分地示为虚线。电池938累积从车辆提供的电力。
在图13中示出的汽车导航装置920中，参照图8A描述的处理电路601中包括的一个或多个单元((例如，接收单元602、数据传输单元603)可被实现在无线通信接口933中。可替代地，这些组件中的至少一部分可被实现在处理器921中。作为一个示例，汽车导航装置920包含无线通信接口933的一部分(例如，BB处理器934)或者整体，和/或包括处理器921的模块，并且一个或多个组件可被实现在该模块中。在这种情况下，该模块可以存储允许处理起一个或多个组件的作用的程序(换言之，用于允许处理器执行一个或多个组件的操作的程序)，并且可以执行该程序。作为另一个示例，用于允许处理器起一个或多个组件的作用的程序可被安装在汽车导航装置920中，并且无线通信接口933(例如，BB处理器934)和/或处理器921可以执行该程序。如上所述，作为包括一个或多个组件的装置，汽车导航装置920或者模块可被提供，并且用于允许处理器起一个或多个组件的作用的程序可被提供。另外，将程序记录在其中的可读介质可被提供。
另外，在图13中示出的汽车导航装置920中，例如，参照图8A描述的通信单元605可被实现在无线通信接口933(例如，RF电路935)中。
本申请内容的技术也可以被实现为包括汽车导航设备920、车载网络941以及车辆模块942中的一个或多个块的车载系统(或车辆)940。车辆模块942生成车辆数据(诸如车速、发动机速度和故障信息)，并且将所生成的数据输出至车载网络941。
另外，可以提供将程序记录在其中的可读介质。因此，本公开还涉及一种计算机可读存储介质，上面存储有包括指令的程序，所述指令在由处理电路载入并执行时用于实施参照图7B、8B描述的通信方法。
以上参照附图描述了本公开的示例性实施例，但是本公开当然不限于以上示例。本领域技术人员可在所附权利要求的范围内得到各种变更和修改，并且应理解这些变更和修改自然将落入本公开的技术范围内。
例如，在以上实施例中包括在一个模块中的多个功能可以由分开的装置来实现。替选地，在以上实施例中由多个模块实现的多个功能可分别由分开的装置来实现。另外，以上功能之一可由多个模块来实现。无需说，这样的配置包括在本公开的技术范围内。
在该说明书中，流程图中所描述的步骤不仅包括以所述顺序按时间序列执行的处 理，而且包括并行地或单独地而不是必须按时间序列执行的处理。此外，甚至在按时间序列处理的步骤中，无需说，也可以适当地改变该顺序。
虽然已经详细说明了本公开及其优点，但是应当理解在不脱离由所附的权利要求所限定的本公开的精神和范围的情况下可以进行各种改变、替代和变换。而且，本公开实施例的术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个......”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。

Claims (33)

  1. 一种用于控制设备侧的电子设备，包括：
    处理电路，被配置为：
    基于多个终端设备的数据配置特征，对所述多个终端设备进行分组；
    确定用于每个组的竞争窗口；
    向所述多个终端设备中的每个终端设备通知与该终端设备相关联的竞争窗口，使得每个终端设备能够在各自的竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    基于所述多个终端设备的数据传输的统计度量，对所述多个终端设备重新分组
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电子设备，其中所述统计度量包括以下项中的至少一项：数据包传输成功率、数据包平均传输时间。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    接收由所述多个终端设备推送的关于所述统计度量的信息。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    向所述多个终端设备请求所述统计度量；
    从所述多个终端设备接收关于所述统计度量的信息。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    接收由所述多个终端设备推送的关于所述数据配置特征的信息。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    向所述多个终端设备请求所述数据配置特征；
    从所述多个终端设备接收关于所述数据配置特征的信息。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中所述多个终端设备中的特定终端设备可被包含在一个或多个组中。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中每个组的竞争窗口是周期性的。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    为每个组分配传输资源，使得组中的所有终端设备能够使用所分配的传输资源进行数据传输。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，一个组的竞争窗口和另一个组的竞争窗口在时间上重叠，并且所述处理电路被配置为：
    为所述一个组和所述另一个组分配相互不同的传输资源。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为对每个组中的终端设备发送的信号进行解码。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为通过非正交多址接入(NOMA)对同一个组中的至少两个终端设备同时发送的信号进行解码。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    当所述解码不成功时，向所述至少两个终端设备中的至少一部分发送重传请求。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    为所述至少两个终端设备中的所述至少一部分确定竞争窗口并分配传输资源，以供所述至少一部分以竞争的方式重传数据。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    为所述至少两个终端设备中的所述至少一部分分配相互不同的传输资源，以供所述至少一部分以非竞争的方式重传数据。
  17. 如权利要求15或16所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为通过结合所述重传之前接收到的信号和所述重传之后接收到的信号来进行解码。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中与特定终端设备相关联的数据配置特征包括以下项中的至少一项：该特定终端设备的ID、该特定终端设备的位置、该特定终端设备参与的流程的编号、该特定终端设备执行的操作的编号、该特定终端设备产生数据的周期、数据包长度、数据传输的延时约束、数据传输的可靠性约束、数据的服务质量类别指标。
  19. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路被配置为通过如下方式来对所述多个终端设备进行分组：基于所述数据配置特征，确定所述多个终端设备之间的相关性；将相关性高于阈值的终端设备分到同一组中。
  20. 如权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路被配置为通过如下方式来对所述多个终端设备进行分组：基于所述数据配置特征，确定所述多个终端设备的服务优 先级；避免将服务优先级高于阈值的终端设备分到同一组中。
  21. 一种用于终端设备侧的电子设备，包括
    处理电路，该处理电路被配置为：
    从控制设备接收关于被分配给该终端设备的竞争窗口的信息，其中所述竞争窗口是由所述控制设备基于包括该终端设备在内的多个终端设备的数据配置特征确定的；
    在所述竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    确定在一个时间段内所述数据传输的统计度量；向控制设备发送关于所述统计度量的信息。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的电子设备，其中所述统计度量包括以下项中的至少一项：数据包传输成功率、数据包平均传输时间。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为向所述控制设备推送关于所述数据配置特征的信息和/或关于所述统计度量的信息。
  25. 如权利要求22所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    从控制设备接收对于所述数据配置特征和/或统计度量的请求；
    响应于所述请求，向控制设备发送关于所述数据配置特征的信息和/或关于所述统计度量的信息。
  26. 如权利要求21所述的电子设备，其中所述竞争窗口是周期性的。
  27. 如权利要求21所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为通过非正交多址接入(NOMA)进行数据传输。
  28. 如权利要求21所述的电子设备，其中所述处理电路还被配置为：
    响应于从控制设备接收到重传请求，利用所分配的传输资源重传数据。
  29. 一种通信方法，包括：
    基于多个终端设备的数据配置特征，对所述多个终端设备进行分组；
    确定用于每个组的竞争窗口；向所述多个终端设备中的每个终端设备通知与该终端设备相关联的竞争窗口，使得每个终端设备能够在各自的竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
  30. 一种通信方法，包括：
    从控制设备接收关于被分配给该终端设备的竞争窗口的信息，其中所述竞争窗口是由所述控制设备基于包括该终端设备在内的多个终端设备的数据配置特征确定的；
    在所述竞争窗口内以竞争的方式进行数据传输。
  31. 一种存储有可执行指令的非暂时性计算机可读存储介质，所述可执行指令当被执行时实现如权利要求29或30所述的通信方法。
  32. 一种控制设备侧的电子设备，包括
    处理电路，该处理电路被配置为：
    接收至少两个终端设备在同一竞争窗口内以竞争方式同时传输的数据；
    响应于确定不能对数据进行解码，向所述至少两个终端设备中的一部分发送重传请求。
  33. 一种用于无线通信系统的设备，包括：
    处理器，以及
    非暂态计算机存储介质，存储有指令，所述指令在被执行时使得处理器执行根据权利要求29到30中任一项所述的通信方法。
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