WO2019233496A1 - 肉桂醛和/或尿囊素在替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用及饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料、饲料 - Google Patents

肉桂醛和/或尿囊素在替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用及饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料、饲料 Download PDF

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WO2019233496A1
WO2019233496A1 PCT/CN2019/095941 CN2019095941W WO2019233496A1 WO 2019233496 A1 WO2019233496 A1 WO 2019233496A1 CN 2019095941 W CN2019095941 W CN 2019095941W WO 2019233496 A1 WO2019233496 A1 WO 2019233496A1
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cinnamaldehyde
feed
zinc
allantoin
ppm
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PCT/CN2019/095941
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周建成
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湖南晶天科技实业有限公司
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Priority to EP19815697.8A priority Critical patent/EP3804529A4/en
Priority to US16/973,054 priority patent/US20210235723A1/en
Publication of WO2019233496A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019233496A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4166—1,3-Diazoles having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. phenytoin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A23K20/132—Heterocyclic compounds containing only one nitrogen as hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/11—Aldehydes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5026—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to the application of cinnamaldehyde and / or allantoin to replace high zinc in suckling piglet feed, feed additives or additive premixes, and feed.
  • the sources of high zinc added to feed are mainly zinc oxide and basic zinc chloride, which are liable to cause heavy metal zinc pollution, including cadmium pollution associated with zinc ore.
  • countries are working to reduce the amount of zinc in feed.
  • the zinc concentration in feed was reduced from the initial upper limit of 3000ppm to 2250ppm, and then to the new regulations to be implemented in China, the zinc concentration was further reduced to the upper limit of 1600ppm.
  • the piglet weaning feed must reach a high dose of zinc oxide of 3000-4000 g / ton (that is, a zinc content of 2250-3000 ppm) to obtain a stable anti-thinning effect.
  • the upper limit of 1600 ppm zinc will be implemented soon, and the diarrhea rate of piglets will reach 6-15%, which cannot meet the market requirements. Therefore, how to reduce the amount of zinc used in the feed and ensure that the diarrhea rate of the piglets is within the control range is a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide the application of cinnamaldehyde and / or allantoin to replace high zinc in the piglet feed;
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a cinnamaldehyde and / or urine The bursin partially or completely replaces the high zinc feed additive or additive premix;
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a suckling pig feed using the feed additive or additive premix.
  • the aforementioned feed additive or additive premix includes 111-1600 ppm zinc, and also includes a composition of 60-600 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 10-400 ppm allantoin, or 60-600 ppm cinnamaldehyde, based on the full-price compound feed amount. Or any of 10-400 ppm allantoin.
  • a feed additive or additive premix that completely replaces high zinc, based on the total price of the feed including a composition of 60-5000 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 10-5000 ppm allantoin, or 60-5000 ppm cinnamaldehyde, or 10- Any of 5000 ppm allantoin.
  • the feed additive or additive premix described above comprises a composition of 60-600 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 10-400 ppm allantoin, or 200-600 ppm cinnamaldehyde, or 50-400 ppm allantoin based on the total amount of feed. Any one of the primes.
  • the cinnamaldehyde is a stabilized cinnamaldehyde, and the stabilized cinnamaldehyde is specifically coated cinnamaldehyde, chemically modified cinnamaldehyde, and then packaged after chemical modification. Any one or more of the treated cinnamaldehydes.
  • the coated cinnamaldehyde is specifically cinnamaldehyde obtained by coating with a coating material;
  • the chemically modified cinnamaldehyde is specifically cinnamaldehyde obtained by condensing cinnamaldehyde with a compound containing an amino or imine group.
  • the cinnamaldehyde that is coated after the chemical modification is specifically cinnamaldehyde obtained by condensing cinnamaldehyde with a compound containing an amino group or an imine group, and then the cinnamaldehyde obtained through the coating material.
  • the compound containing an amino group or an imine group is specifically chitooligosaccharide, chitosan, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, glycine, aspartic acid, ethylenediamine, astragalus polysaccharide , Cysteamine, glutamic acid, glutamine, antibacterial peptides, thiamine hydrochloride, L-carnitine, DL-carnitine, nicotinamide, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, isobutylene Diurea, urea phosphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium alginate, arginine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine hydroxyl analog, tyrosine, taurine, N-carbamyl valley L-Histidine, Histidine, Proline, Phenylalanine, Thiamine Nitrate, Cystein
  • the coating material is selected from cyclodextrin, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic resin, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose , Ethyl succinate, tributyl glyceride, chitosan, pullulan, shellac, polyvinyl alcohol phthalate, cellulose and its derivatives, cellulose phthalate , Cellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl cellulose succinate, methacrylate , Methacrylic acid, acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic resin, ethyl cellulose, triacetin, vinyl propionate, polyvinyl propionate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyrate, vinyl carboxylate
  • ester polymer, vinyl acrylate, vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl carboxylate polymer vinyl
  • a feed for suckling piglets characterized in that it contains the feed additive or additive premix as described in any one of the above.
  • the present invention provides the application of cinnamaldehyde and / or allantoin to replace high zinc in feed.
  • cinnamaldehyde was proposed to prevent feed mildew, but because cinnamaldehyde is very unstable, no one has actually applied it to feed production to prevent feed mildew, and some reports are limited to test results.
  • the stabilization technology of cinnamaldehyde has improved to a certain extent.
  • cyclodextrin-coated and stabilized cinnamaldehyde is used to replace antibiotics.
  • the added amount of cinnamaldehyde is usually low (less than 60 ppm), and cinnamaldehyde is added in the feed at the same time as high zinc to make the feed have a more stable anti-disease and anti-thinning effect.
  • the solution of using cinnamaldehyde to replace high zinc has not been proposed at present. Similarly, no one has proposed the use of allantoin or the combination of cinnamaldehyde and allantoin to replace high zinc.
  • cinnamaldehyde and / or allantoin are used to completely replace or partially replace high zinc, and then a sufficient amount of cinnamaldehyde and / or allantoin is added to the feed, and high zinc is not required, and only zinc required for animal nutrition is added. (60-110ppm), can play the role of anti-thinning.
  • Cinnamaldehyde can promote the release of growth factors of vascular endothelial cells and digestive tract epithelial cells, and repair the less-developed digestive tract mucosa, especially the small intestinal chorion, which is damaged by allergenic substances in the feed, and inhibit inflammation and overexpression of inflammation. It can directly kill most fungi and protozoa including aflatoxin, as well as viruses and bacteria, and prevent thinning caused by secondary infections after digestive tract mucosal damage. Therefore, cinnamaldehyde can reduce the chance of damage to the digestive tract mucosa, especially the small intestine chorion, greatly reduce thinning, prevent secondary infections, and play a good anti-drawing effect, which is beneficial to the rapid growth of piglets.
  • Piglets fed with cinnamaldehyde instead of high-zinc feeds gained 12-30% faster piglets in the late nursery and piglet diets than those with high-zinc diets in the early stages, creating a new era in the development of the pig industry and feed industry.
  • Allantoin also has the same function to repair damaged mucosa and chorion as cinnamaldehyde, but it also has a certain astringent effect. Therefore, allantoin can also play a role in replacing high zinc. And allantoin is combined with cinnamaldehyde, as cinnamaldehyde has a better effect in strengthening and repairing at low temperature and sudden temperature drop.
  • cinnamaldehyde in feed exceeds a certain dose, it will hinder the growth of osteoblasts and fibroblasts, affecting the growth and development of pigs (but still better than the high zinc group, high zinc will also affect the growth and development of pigs in the later stage), and alone Or use of allantoin in large doses does not achieve the growth-promoting and antibacterial effects of the appropriate dose of cinnamaldehyde.
  • cinnamaldehyde alone can replace part or all of high zinc in the season with good insulation and high temperature, which can ensure safety, and will not cause piglets to be thinned and died, which will not be satisfactory to farmers;
  • the combination of cinnamaldehyde concentration with allantoin which does not affect (late) growth, is a better solution. It can also partially or completely replace high zinc, which is satisfactory to farmers.
  • the piglet has a very low thinning rate and almost no death, and it will not adversely affect the piglet's later development.
  • FIG. 1 is a 0% thinning picture of a suckling piglet in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a 100% thinning picture of a suckling piglet in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • piglets When piglets are weaned, they transition from breastmilk to artificial feed. There are many anti-nutritional factors in the feed such as protease inhibitors, soybean allergenic proteins, soybean trypsin inhibitors, exogenous corrosive phenols and acids, high-dose metal additives, hard crude fibers, lignin, non- Dissolved mineral raw materials, as well as bacteria, fungi, molds, viruses, protozoa ingested with the feed, will damage the developing digestive tract mucosa, especially the intestinal chorion that has not yet developed, and further cause Inflammation, causing weaning piglets to dilute and cause secondary disease. This is also an important factor for the sadness of the piglets at weaning. The piglets must be 65-70 days old and not fully resist these adverse factors until the intestinal tract is fully developed.
  • a sufficient amount of high zinc is used as a feed additive to play the role of anti-stretching.
  • 21-33-day-old weaned pigs are taught to add 2250-3000ppm zinc oxide and 1600-1875ppm zinc oxide.
  • a sufficient dose of high zinc has sufficient astringent effect, which can make the digestive tract mucosal cells of piglets, especially the small intestinal chorionic cells, condense and shrink, thereby avoiding the damage caused by the dilute substance in the feed, and preventing the dilute of the piglets.
  • the sources of high zinc in feed are mainly zinc oxide, basic zinc chloride, etc., which are easy to cause heavy metal pollution to the environment, and the high zinc also is accompanied by cadmium pollution, which has a great impact on the environment.
  • all countries are trying to reduce the amount of zinc in the feed, but because high zinc is added to the feed, it is a stable and very effective solution for weaning piglets to wean, and it is difficult to replace it.
  • the present invention provides the application of cinnamaldehyde and / or allantoin to replace high zinc in feed.
  • the added amount of cinnamaldehyde is usually low (less than 60 ppm), and cinnamaldehyde is added in the feed at the same time as high zinc to make the feed have a more stable anti-disease and anti-thinning effect.
  • the solution of using cinnamaldehyde to replace high zinc has not been proposed at present. Similarly, no one has proposed the use of allantoin or the combination of cinnamaldehyde and allantoin to replace high zinc.
  • cinnamaldehyde and / or allantoin are used to completely replace or partially replace high zinc, and then a sufficient amount of cinnamaldehyde and / or allantoin is added to the feed, and high zinc is not required, and only zinc required for animal nutrition is added. (60-110ppm), can play the role of anti-thinning.
  • Cinnamaldehyde can promote the release of growth factors of vascular endothelial cells and digestive tract epithelial cells, and repair the less-developed digestive tract mucosa, especially the small intestinal chorion, which is damaged by allergenic substances in the feed, and inhibit inflammation and overexpression of inflammation. It can directly kill most fungi and protozoa including aflatoxin, as well as viruses and bacteria, and prevent thinning caused by secondary infections after digestive tract mucosal damage. Therefore, cinnamaldehyde can reduce the chance of damage to the digestive tract mucosa, especially the small intestine chorion, greatly reduce thinning, prevent secondary infections, and play a good anti-drawing effect, which is beneficial to the rapid growth of piglets.
  • Piglets fed with cinnamaldehyde instead of high-zinc feeds gained 12-30% faster piglets in the late nursery and piglet diets than those with high-zinc diets in the early stages, creating a new era in the development of the pig industry and feed industry.
  • Allantoin also has the same function to repair damaged mucosa and chorion as cinnamaldehyde, but it also has a certain astringent effect. Therefore, allantoin can also play a role in replacing high zinc. And allantoin is combined with cinnamaldehyde, as cinnamaldehyde has a better effect in strengthening and repairing at low temperature and sudden temperature drop.
  • cinnamaldehyde in feed exceeds a certain dose, it will hinder the growth of osteoblasts and fibroblasts, affecting the growth and development of pigs (but still better than the high zinc group, high zinc will also affect the growth and development of pigs in the later stage), and alone Or use of allantoin in large doses does not achieve the growth-promoting and antibacterial effects of the appropriate dose of cinnamaldehyde.
  • cinnamaldehyde alone can replace part or all of high zinc in the season with good insulation and high temperature, which can ensure safety, and will not cause piglets to be thinned and died, which will not be satisfactory to farmers;
  • the combination of cinnamaldehyde concentration with allantoin which does not affect (late) growth, is a better solution. It can also partially or completely replace high zinc, which is satisfactory to farmers.
  • the piglet has a very low thinning rate and almost no death, and it will not adversely affect the piglet's later development.
  • Stabilized cinnamaldehyde and / or allantoin are used to partially or completely replace high zinc in suckling piglet feed.
  • stabilized cinnamaldehyde is used as an alternative to high zinc.
  • Stabilized cinnamaldehyde can be used alone or in combination with allantoin. Allantoin can also be used alone.
  • the stabilized cinnamaldehyde is specifically any one or more of a coated cinnamaldehyde, a chemically modified cinnamaldehyde, and a chemically modified cinnamaldehyde.
  • the stabilized cinnamaldehyde can overcome the disadvantage of cinnamaldehyde instability.
  • the cinnamaldehyde content can be kept stable. After the preparation of the feed and after long-term storage, it can still contain a sufficient amount of cinnamaldehyde.
  • the aforementioned feed additive or additive premix includes 111-1600 ppm zinc, and also includes a composition of 60-600 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 10-400 ppm allantoin, or 60-600 ppm cinnamaldehyde, based on the full-price compound feed amount. Or any of 10-400 ppm allantoin.
  • the invention also provides a feed additive or additive premix which partially replaces high zinc. Partial replacement of high zinc means that the feed additive or additive premix still contains 111-1600ppm zinc based on the amount of the full-price compound feed. Less than 110ppm, such as 60-110ppm, is the range in which zinc is added as nutrition in the feed, and does not belong to the high zinc content range added for anti-leaning. However, the currently used high zinc content is usually within 1600-3000 ppm, and it is calculated as (oxidized) zinc to play the role of anti-thinning.
  • the feed additive When the feed additive provided by the present invention partially replaces high zinc, the feed additive contains 111-1600 ppm zinc, and further includes any one of cinnamaldehyde, allantoin, a combination of cinnamaldehyde and allantoin.
  • the feed additive or additive premix when cinnamaldehyde is used alone, the feed additive or additive premix, based on the amount of compound feed, includes 111-1600ppm zinc, and also includes 60-5000ppm cinnamaldehyde, preferably 60-600ppm, more preferably 60-300ppm, and more preferably 100- 200 ppm cinnamaldehyde.
  • the feed additive or additive premix when allantoin is used alone, includes 111-1600ppm zinc, and also includes 10-5000ppm allantoin, preferably 10-400ppm, more preferably 50-300ppm, More preferred is 100-200 ppm of allantoin.
  • the feed additive or additive premix when using a combination of cinnamaldehyde and allantoin, includes 111-1600ppm zinc, and also includes 60-5000ppm cinnamaldehyde and 10-5000ppm allantoin.
  • Combination preferably 60-600 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 10-400 ppm allantoin, more preferably 60-300 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 50-300 ppm allantoin, more preferably 100-200 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 100-200 ppm allantoin Use in combination.
  • a feed additive or additive premix that completely replaces high zinc, based on the total price of the feed including a composition of 60-5000 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 10-5000 ppm allantoin, or 60-5000 ppm cinnamaldehyde, or 10- Any of 5000 ppm allantoin.
  • the feed additive or additive premix described above comprises a composition of 60-600 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 10-400 ppm allantoin, or 200-600 ppm cinnamaldehyde, or 50-400 ppm allantoin based on the total amount of feed. Any one of the primes.
  • the invention also provides a feed additive or additive premix which totally replaces high zinc.
  • Total replacement of high zinc means that the feed additive does not add zinc for anti-diluted dose, and the feed still contains less than 110ppm, such as 60-110ppm zinc, which is the range in which zinc is added as nutrition in the feed, and It does not belong to the high zinc content range added for anti-thinning.
  • the feed additive contains any one of a combination of cinnamaldehyde, allantoin, cinnamaldehyde and allantoin.
  • the feed additive or additive premix includes 60-5000 ppm cinnamaldehyde, preferably 200-600 ppm, more preferably 400-500 ppm cinnamaldehyde, based on the total feed amount.
  • the feed additive or additive premix based on the amount of compound feed, includes 10-5000 ppm allantoin, preferably 10-400 ppm, and more preferably 50-300 ppm.
  • the feed additive or additive premix when using a combination of cinnamaldehyde and allantoin, includes 60-5000ppm cinnamaldehyde and 10-5000ppm allantoin, preferably 60-600ppm cinnamaldehyde and 10 -400ppm allantoin, more preferably 200-300ppm cinnamaldehyde and 50-300ppm allantoin.
  • the cinnamaldehyde is a stabilized cinnamaldehyde, and the stabilized cinnamaldehyde is specifically coated cinnamaldehyde, chemically modified cinnamaldehyde, and then packaged after chemical modification. Any one or more of the treated cinnamaldehydes.
  • the coated cinnamaldehyde is specifically cinnamaldehyde obtained by coating with a coating material;
  • the chemically modified cinnamaldehyde is specifically cinnamaldehyde obtained by condensing cinnamaldehyde with a compound containing an amino or imine group.
  • the cinnamaldehyde that is coated after the chemical modification is specifically cinnamaldehyde obtained by condensing cinnamaldehyde with a compound containing an amino or imine group, and then obtained by coating with a coating material.
  • the compound containing an amino group or an imine group is specifically chitooligosaccharide, chitosan, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, glycine, aspartic acid, ethylenediamine, astragalus polysaccharide , Cysteamine, glutamic acid, glutamine, antibacterial peptides, thiamine hydrochloride, L-carnitine, DL-carnitine, nicotinamide, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, isobutylene Diurea, urea phosphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium alginate, arginine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine hydroxyl analog, tyrosine, taurine, N-carbamyl valley L-Histidine, Histidine, Proline, Phenylalanine, Thiamine Nitrate, Cystein
  • the coating material is selected from cyclodextrin, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic resin, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose , Ethyl succinate, tributyl glyceride, chitosan, pullulan, shellac, polyvinyl alcohol phthalate, cellulose and its derivatives, cellulose phthalate , Cellulose acetate trimellitate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose trimellitate, cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxypropyl cellulose succinate, methacrylate , Methacrylic acid, acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic resin, ethyl cellulose, triacetin, vinyl propionate, polyvinyl propionate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyrate, vinyl carboxylate
  • ester polymer, vinyl acrylate, vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl carboxylate polymer vinyl
  • the cinnamaldehyde used is preferably stabilized cinnamaldehyde.
  • the stabilized cinnamaldehyde is specifically any one or more of coated cinnamaldehyde, chemically modified cinnamaldehyde, and chemically modified and then coated cinnamaldehyde.
  • the chemically modified cinnamaldehyde is preferably cinnamaldehyde obtained by the condensation reaction of cinnamaldehyde and a substance containing an amino group or an imine group.
  • the cinnamaldehyde obtained by the condensation can be hydrolyzed into cinnamaldehyde and the original Amino-containing substances are stabilized sustained-release forms of cinnamaldehyde.
  • Coated cinnamaldehyde is coated with a coated cinnamaldehyde.
  • the cinnamaldehyde obtained by chemical modification can be further coated to further improve the stability of cinnamaldehyde.
  • Cinnamaldehyde is unstable. Unstabilized cinnamaldehyde is added to the feed and has a short storage time. It is usually used with scientific research experiments.
  • the stabilized cinnamaldehyde obtained by the condensation reaction with an amino or imine-containing substance can be kept stable during feed preparation and feed storage, and the content of cinnamaldehyde is reduced less. Therefore, stabilized cinnamaldehyde is used. It can play the effect of stably replacing high zinc, and is conducive to the industrial production of feed.
  • cinnamaldehyde obtained by the condensation reaction of cinnamaldehyde with a substance containing an amino or imine group it is preferable to use cinnamaldehyde obtained by the condensation reaction of cinnamaldehyde with a substance containing an amino or imine group, or cinnamaldehyde obtained by the condensation reaction of cinnamaldehyde with a substance containing an amino or imine group.
  • the cinnamaldehyde obtained after coating treatment can exist stably during the preparation of feed.
  • the cinnamaldehyde obtained by the condensation reaction of cinnamaldehyde and an amino- or imine-containing substance used in the present invention is dried in an oven at 130 ° C.
  • a suckling pig feed comprising the feed additive or additive premix according to any one of the above.
  • the present invention also provides a feed for suckling piglets using the aforementioned feed additive or additive premix.
  • the feed itself also contains 60-110ppm zinc as a nutrient, and other nutrients required for pig growth and development. It also adds part or all of the high zinc feed additives provided by the present invention.
  • the piglets grow normally and fast, they play a role in resisting thinning.
  • the test group was fed with high-zinc-free (containing Zn 60ppm) antibiotic-free feedstock, in which chitosan amino cinnamaldehyde (cinnamaldehyde content of 50 ppm) was tested by liquid chromatography. There was no loss of 50 ppm of cinnamaldehyde during the 60-day storage period of the feed. ).
  • the control group used high-zinc (2250ppm) antibiotics, a feedstock produced by a company in Fujian, and a floor heating insulation piggery above 22 ° C. The results are as follows:
  • test group During the pre-feeding period and on the seventh day after weaning in the experimental period, there was no dilation in the test group (see Figure 1), and there were 5 dilations in the control group. On the afternoon of the eighth day, the temperature suddenly dropped, and the temperature of the piggery was reduced from 22 ° C to 16-18 ° C in the evening. The test group started to be 100% thinned that night (see Figure 2), and the control group did not have one thinned. The next day after treatment, the test The group was reduced to about 10%, 2 died, and the third day was suddenly cooled. The test group was 100% diluted, 4 died, and 6 died on the fifth day, while the control group did not have one, and died in only five days.
  • Example 1 It can be known from Example 1 that weaned piglets weighing up to 30 kg only added zinc according to the nutritional requirements of the pigs at 60-110 ppm. As long as the temperature is lower than 20 ° C or the temperature drops suddenly, the piglet thinning will be as high as 30-100%. It can reach 10-30% or even higher, which seriously affects the benefits of pig farming. Most of our country is small and medium-sized pig enterprises and free-range farmers. It is obviously difficult to maintain the piglet house at ⁇ 20 ° C. Because the pig industry does not use air conditioners to maintain constant temperature, and the use of air conditioners may also encounter power outages or equipment failures. It is difficult to avoid the situation of pig house temperature caused by sudden drop in temperature. When the pig house temperature is lower than 20 °C, the absence of high zinc will definitely cause large area diarrhea and death of piglets. Had to add the "Patron Saint".
  • the control group was fed high-zinc feedstock (containing 2250 ppm zinc) at -3 ° C to 14 ° C to feed 1700 weaned piglets at 21-28 days of age, with 275 dead poachers and a mortality rate of 16.2%.
  • the control group is better than the test group, indicating that diets below 50 ppm cinnamaldehyde cannot replace high zinc at low temperatures.
  • the basic diets of the experimental group and the control group were according to Table 1.
  • test group It will be divided into test group and control group, with 370 test groups, using low-zinc-free (zinc-containing 60ppm) teaching material, which is coated with lysine aminocinnamaldehyde (containing cinnamaldehyde 60g / ton, 60-day detection)
  • the feed retains 59 g / t of cinnamaldehyde, and the nutritional composition is performed according to Table 1, Table 1, and Table 3; the control group of 50 pigs, the basic diet formula is also performed according to Table 1, while adding high zinc 2250 ppm, without cinnamaldehyde.
  • Example 3 and Table 4 show that at above 15 ° C and under the condition that the pig's abdomen has a hot plate to keep it warm at 28-32 ° C, 60mg / kg cinnamaldehyde can all replace the high zinc in the feed.
  • a total of 240 21-day-old weaned primary ternary crossbred pigs were selected and divided into six groups. All diarrhea (sick) were untreated. The temperature of the piggery was 24 ° C. Except for zinc oxide, the basic diet, vitamins, and trace elements of the six groups All were performed in accordance with Tables 1, 2, and 3. The diets in the six groups were not added with acidifiers. In test groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (taurine) cinnamaldehyde 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 g / ton were added, respectively. The control group did not add cinnamaldehyde. Test time 2018.3.23-4.4, Chongqing. The results are shown in Table 5.
  • a total of 240 21-day-old weaned primary ternary crossbred pigs were selected and divided into six groups.
  • the diarrhea (sick) was left untreated.
  • the house temperature was 14-29 ° C.
  • the basic diet of the six groups, Vitamins and trace elements were implemented according to Tables 1, 2, and 3.
  • Six groups of diets were added with acidifiers.
  • groups 1 and 2 are 1500 ppm zinc oxide of high zinc group, and (lysine amino) cinnamaldehyde 300 and 400 mg / kg are added respectively; groups 3, 4 and 5 do not use zinc oxide at all, and all are added (Lai Aminopyridine) cinnamaldehyde 500mg / kg, allantoin was added 200, 250, 300mg / kg, respectively. Feeding for 12 days, the test time was 2018.3.27-4.6, Chongqing. The results are shown in Table 6.
  • the 2250ppm diet is good, and the daily weight gain is increased by 7.43% and 9.5%, respectively, preferably 400mg / kg cinnamaldehyde; when 21-day-old weaned piglets acidulant diet does not use high zinc at all (containing 60ppm zinc), test 3, Groups 4 and 5 were added 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 200mg / kg allantoin, 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 250mg / kg allantoin, 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 300mg / kg allantoin, all were 2250ppm higher than zinc.
  • the diet is good, and the daily weight gain is increased by 11.1%, 17.6%, and 24.7%, of which 500 mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 300 mg / kg allantoin is better. Since the addition of 600 mg / kg cinnamaldehyde in Example 4 is better than the high-zinc control group, it may be because the high concentration of cinnamaldehyde may affect the growth of piglet osteoblasts at this concentration, so 500 mg / kg cinnamon is added.
  • Groups 1 and 2 are 1500ppm (oxidized) zinc in part of the high zinc group, and (ethylenediamine amino) cinnamaldehyde 300, 400mg / kg were added respectively; Groups 3, 4, and 5 were completely free of high zinc (containing 60ppm zinc) ), All were added (ethylenediamine amino) cinnamaldehyde 500mg / kg, allantoin was added 300, 350, 400mg / kg, and fed for 12 days, the results are shown in Table 8.
  • the 2250ppm diet has a good effect, and the daily weight gain is increased by 5.8% and 8.0%, respectively, preferably 400mg / kg cinnamaldehyde; 21 days-old weaned piglets acidifiers do not use high zinc at all (containing 60ppm zinc), test 3 Groups 4, 4, and 5 added 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 300mg / kg allantoin, 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 350mg / kg allantoin, 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 400mg / kg allantoin were 2250ppm higher than zinc.
  • cinnamaldehyde was added only 500 mg / kg, and supplemented with allantoin 300-400 mg / kg. Weight than high zinc 5.4-17.4% in the control group.
  • allantoin 300-400 mg / kg Weight than high zinc 5.4-17.4% in the control group.
  • Only a small number of free-range pig farms sometimes have a temperature of 10 ° C or higher when the temperature is low. This embodiment has strong practical guiding significance.
  • This example shows that the combination of stabilized cinnamaldehyde and allantoin can partially replace high zinc or all high zinc when the temperature is low or the temperature drops suddenly.
  • a total of 240 28-day-old weaned ternary crossbred pigs were selected and divided into six groups.
  • the diarrhea (sick) was treated with conventional treatment.
  • the air-conditioning and ice cubes were used to cool the pigsty forcibly.
  • the temperature was controlled at 0-9 ° C to remove zinc oxide.
  • the basic diet, vitamins, and trace elements of the six groups were implemented according to Tables 1, 2, and 3, and the six groups of diets were added with acidifiers.
  • test groups 1 and 2 are 1500 ppm zinc oxide of a part of high zinc group, and (antibacterial peptide amino group) cinnamaldehyde 300 and 400 mg / kg are added respectively; test groups 3, 4, and 5 do not use zinc oxide at all, and all are added (glutamine) Amide amino) cinnamaldehyde 500mg / kg, allantoin was added 300, 350, 400mg / kg respectively, feeding for 12 days, the results are shown in Table 9.
  • the 2250ppm diet has a good effect, and the daily weight gain is increased by 78% and 128%, preferably 400mg / kg cinnamaldehyde; 21 days-old weaned piglets acidifiers do not use high zinc at all (containing 60ppm zinc), test 3 Groups 4, 4, and 5 respectively added 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 400mg / kg allantoin, 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 500mg / kg allantoin, 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 600mg / kg allantoin were 2250ppm higher than zinc.
  • the diet is much better, and the daily weight gain is increased by 72%, 144%, and 172%, respectively, preferably 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde + 600mg / kg allantoin.
  • 600mg / kg cinnamaldehyde was added in Example 4, although it was better than the high zinc control group, it may be because high concentration cinnamaldehyde may affect the growth of piglet osteoblasts at this concentration, so it was more than 500mg / kg cinnamaldehyde.
  • the growth effect and anti-diarrhea strength of the pigs are slightly worse, so only 500mg / kg of cinnamaldehyde was added in this example, supplemented by allantoin 400-600mg / kg, which achieved an effect exceeding the high-zinc control group and increased daily weight. 72-172% higher than the high-zinc control group, with fewer deaths and fewer diarrhea.
  • Examples 1-8 are test materials. It is also the high zinc allowable use period stipulated in China's feed regulations, that is, two weeks after weaning. Then enter the nursery stage. National feed regulations do not allow the use of high zinc in the nursery stage, but in actual use, in order to resist thinning, pig farms and feed mills will add high doses of high zinc that are higher than nutritional requirements. Before July 1, 2018, most The feed factory added 2.5 kg of zinc oxide, which is 1875ppm zinc + nutritional requirement zinc 60-110ppm. Although the pigs are in the feeding stage of the nursery, the feed factory will indicate on the nursery label "for piglets after weaning. Week "in order to avoid legal risks.
  • coated zinc oxide and nano zinc oxide Products such as tannic acid and tannic acid can achieve high zinc effect in thinning, but the feed utilization rate and pig growth rate will drop by 10-50%, which will seriously affect the development of animal husbandry.
  • Stabilized cinnamaldehyde can continuously replace zinc oxide, and piglets have better weight gain rate and feed utilization efficiency.
  • the following example is a nursery material test.
  • the basic diet is performed according to Table 10, the vitamins are specified in Table 2, and the trace elements are performed according to Table 3.
  • the components and nutritional indexes of the control group except for zinc are the same as those of the test group.
  • Soybean oil 15 Premix 40 total 1000
  • a total of 240 34-day-old ternary crossbred pigs were selected and divided into six groups. No diarrhea (sick) was treated, and the house temperature was 14-29 ° C. Chongqing. Except for zinc oxide, the basic diet, vitamins, and trace elements of the six groups were implemented according to Tables 10, 2, and 3, and the diets of the six groups were added with 2 kg of acidifier.
  • groups 1 and 2 are part of the high zinc group (containing 1200ppm zinc), and the coating (chitosan amino) cinnamaldehyde 60mg / kg and 100mg / kg were added respectively; groups 3, 4, and 5 did not use zinc oxide at all ( Contains 60 ppm of zinc), and coated with (chitosan amino) cinnamaldehyde 200 mg / kg, 300 mg / kg, 400 mg / kg, and fed for 30 days.
  • Table 11 The results are shown in Table 11.
  • the diet with high zinc content of 1875ppm is good, and the daily weight gain is increased by 10.0% and 13.3%, preferably 100mg / kg cinnamaldehyde; when 34 days old piglets use acidifier-free diets without high zinc (containing 60ppm zinc), test Adding 200mg / kg cinnamaldehyde, 300mg / kg cinnamaldehyde, and 400mg / kg cinnamaldehyde in groups 3, 4, and 5 were better than the high zinc 1875ppm diet, and the daily weight gain increased by 9.67%, 12.17%, and 13.8%, respectively.
  • a total of 240 34-day-old ternary crossbred pigs were selected and divided into six groups. No diarrhea (sick) was treated, and the house temperature was 14-29 ° C. Chongqing. Except for zinc oxide, the basic diet, vitamins, and trace elements of the six groups were implemented according to Tables 10, 2, and 3, and the diets of the six groups were added with 2 kg of acidifier. Among them, groups 1 and 2 were part of the high zinc group (containing 1200 ppm zinc), and allantoin was added at 30 mg / kg and 60 mg / kg, respectively. Groups 3, 4, and 5 did not use zinc oxide at all (containing 60 ppm zinc) and added urine separately. Capsules 100mg / kg, 200mg / kg, 300mg / kg were fed for 30 days. The results are shown in Table 12.
  • a total of 240 34-day-old ternary crossbred pigs were selected and divided into six groups. No diarrhea (disease) was left untreated. The house temperature was controlled at 20-25 ° C. Chongqing. Except for zinc oxide, the basic diet, vitamins, and trace elements of the six groups were implemented according to Tables 10, 2, and 3, and the diets of the six groups were added with 2 kg of acidifier. Among them, groups 1 and 2 are part of the high-zinc group (containing 1200 ppm zinc), and 100 mg / kg and 150 mg / kg of cinnamaldehyde with ordinary coating of polyacrylic resin are added respectively. Groups 3, 4, and 5 do not use high-zinc (containing zinc) at all. 60 ppm), 200 mg / kg, 300 mg / kg, 400 mg / kg of ordinary coated cinnamaldehyde were added, and fed for 30 days. The results are shown in Table 13.
  • the high zinc diet at 1875ppm is good, and the daily weight gain is increased by 3.35% and 5.27%, preferably 60mg / kg cinnamaldehyde; when 34 days old piglets use acidifier-free diets without high zinc (60ppm zinc), test Adding 200mg / kg cinnamaldehyde and 400mg / kg cinnamaldehyde to groups 3, 4, and 5 was better than high zinc 1875ppm diet, and the daily weight gain increased 9.58%, 7.99%, and 200mg / kg cinnamaldehyde was the best; and 300mg The cinnamaldehyde test group was 4.6% worse than the high zinc control group, and only 50 ppm of cinnamaldehyde was detected in the feed later.
  • the coated cinnamaldehyde is easy to be crushed when the feed is granulated, and the coated cinnamaldehyde has risks as a feed additive.
  • high zinc diets can control diarrhea during the nursery period, they also seriously affect pig growth and are highly correlated with high zinc concentrations.
  • the cinnamaldehyde coating with a complete coating that can withstand the high temperature of granulation and feed storage can partially replace high zinc or completely replace high zinc.
  • a total of 240 34-day-old ternary crossbred pigs were selected and divided into six groups.
  • the diarrhea (sick) were left untreated.
  • the house temperature was controlled by 20-25 ° C. Chongqing.
  • the basic diet, vitamins, and trace elements of the six groups were implemented according to Tables 10, 2, and 3, and the diets of the six groups were added with 2 kg of acidifier.
  • the test groups 1 and 2 were part of the high zinc group (containing 1200 ppm zinc), and allantoin was added at 10 mg / kg and 20 mg / kg, respectively.
  • the test groups 3, 4, and 5 did not use high zinc (containing 60 ppm zinc) and all were added urine.
  • the capsules were 100 mg / kg, 200 mg / kg, and 300 mg / kg.
  • the control group was supplemented with 2.5 kg of zinc oxide and fed for 30 days. The results are shown in Table 14.
  • the test groups 1, 2 and 3 were added with 200 mg / kg urine.
  • the bursin + 158mg / kg cinnamaldehyde group was the best.
  • the 400 mg / kg allantoin + 180 mg / kg stabilized cinnamaldehyde group did not have a greater diarrhea rate than the control group, but its daily weight loss decreased by 10.2% compared with the high zinc control group. It may be that "Xinjinjin" was added to the diet. 2000mg / kg, the carvacrol and thymol contained in it affect the feeding, and the feed intake decreased by 9.25% compared with the control group.
  • This example shows that the combination of cinnamaldehyde and allantoin stabilized with a solvent and ⁇ -cyclodextrin ("new gold gold”) can also replace high zinc and obtain slightly better results than high zinc, but instead Cost is much higher than high zinc.

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Abstract

肉桂醛和/或尿囊素用于部分替代或全部替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用。一种使用肉桂醛和/或尿囊素部分替代或全部替代高锌的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料；一种使用上述饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料的乳仔猪饲料。提供的肉桂醛和/或尿囊素的应用、饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料、饲料，可以减少或去除饲料中高锌的使用，同时起到抗拉稀、促进猪生长发育的效果。

Description

肉桂醛和/或尿囊素在替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用及饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料、饲料
本申请要求于2018年06月08日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810589364.6、发明名称为“肉桂醛和/或尿囊素在替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用及饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料、饲料”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及饲料添加剂技术领域，特别是涉及肉桂醛和/或尿囊素在替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用及饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料、饲料。
背景技术
1989年，丹麦国家动物科学院研究发现，在早期断奶仔猪日粮中添加2500-4000mg/kg的氧化锌，可显著降低仔猪的腹泻率。此后，大量研究和生产实践证明，添加高锌可以有效防止仔猪腹泻，且成本低，经济性好。因此，为了仔猪断奶安全，不至于大面积拉稀，造成大面积死猪，包括我国在内的大部分国家在断奶仔猪的日粮中都添加高锌，来防止仔猪拉稀和死亡，提高养猪效益。
饲料中添加的高锌，来源主要是氧化锌、碱式氯化锌，易造成重金属锌污染，包括锌矿伴生而来的镉污染，各国都在努力降低饲料中锌的添加量。饲料中锌浓度由最初允许添加的上限量3000ppm降到2250ppm，再到我国即将执行的新法规，锌浓度进一步降至上限量为1600ppm。
但实际使用中，仔猪断奶饲料必须要达到高剂量氧化锌3000-4000克/吨(即锌含量2250-3000ppm)才能获得稳定的抗拉稀效果。马上即将执行的上限量锌1600ppm，仔猪的腹泻率会达到6-15％，并不能满足市场要求。因此，如何减少饲料中锌的使用量，又能保证仔猪的腹泻率在控制范围内，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的第一个目的为提供肉桂醛和/或尿囊素替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用；本发明的第二个目的为提供一种使用肉桂醛和/或尿囊素部分替代或全部替代高锌的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料；本发明的第三个目的为提供一种使用上述饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料的乳仔猪饲料。
本发明提供的技术方案如下：
肉桂醛和/或尿囊素用于部分替代或全部替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用。
稳定化的肉桂醛和/或尿囊素用于部分替代或全部替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用。
一种部分替代高锌的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括111-1600ppm锌，还包括60-5000ppm肉桂醛与10-5000ppm尿囊素的组合物、或60-5000ppm肉桂醛、或10-5000ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
优选地，上述饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括111-1600ppm锌，还包括60-600ppm肉桂醛与10-400ppm尿囊素的组合物、或60-600ppm肉桂醛、或10-400ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
一种全部替代高锌的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括60-5000ppm肉桂醛与10-5000ppm尿囊素的组合物、或60-5000ppm肉桂醛、或10-5000ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
优选地，上述饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括60-600ppm肉桂醛与10-400ppm尿囊素的组合物、或200-600ppm肉桂醛、或50-400ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
优选地，上述饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，所述肉桂醛为稳定化的肉桂醛，所述稳定化的肉桂醛具体为包被处理的肉桂醛、化学修饰的肉桂醛、化学修饰后再包被处理的肉桂醛中的任意一种或多种。
优选地，所述包被处理的肉桂醛具体为经包衣材料进行包被得到的肉桂醛；所述化学修饰的肉桂醛具体为肉桂醛与含有氨基或亚胺基的化合物缩合得到的肉桂醛；所述化学修饰后再包被处理的肉桂醛具体为肉桂醛与含有氨基或亚胺基的化合物缩合得到的肉桂醛，再经包衣材料进行被得到的肉桂醛。
优选地，所述含有氨基或亚胺基的化合物具体为壳寡糖、壳聚糖、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、乙二胺、黄芪多糖、半胱胺、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、抗菌肽、盐酸硫胺、L-肉碱、DL-肉碱、烟酰胺、碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、异丁叉二脲、磷酸脲、氯化铵、海藻酸铵、精氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸羟基类似物、酪氨酸、牛磺酸、N-氨甲酰谷氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、硝酸硫胺、半胱氨酸、异丁叉二脲、褐藻酸寡糖、那西肽、杆菌肽锌、盐酸氨丙啉乙氧酰胺、盐酸氯苯胍、二硝托胺、亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽、低聚木糖、低聚壳聚糖、半乳甘露寡糖、果寡糖、甘露寡糖、α-环丙氨酸、N,O-羧甲基壳寡糖、寡聚β-(1,4)-2-氨基-2-脱氧基-葡萄糖、胍基乙酸、8-甲基-N-香草基-L-壬烯胺、辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱、降二氢辣椒碱、高辣椒碱、高二氢辣椒碱I、高二氢辣椒碱Ⅱ、壬酞香荚兰胺、辛酞香英兰胺、癸酞香英兰胺中的任意一种。
优选地，所述的包衣材料选自环糊精、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸树脂、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、琥珀酸酯丁酸乙酯、甘油三丁酯、壳聚糖、普鲁兰多糖、虫胶、聚乙烯醇乙酸苯二甲酸酯、纤维素及其衍生物、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、1，2，4-苯三甲酸乙酸纤维素、1，2，4-苯三甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、琥珀酸乙酸纤维素、琥珀酸乙酸羟丙基纤维素、甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸树酯、乙基纤维素、甘油三醋酸酯、丙酸乙烯酯、聚丙酸乙烯酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丁酸乙烯酯、羧酸乙烯酯聚合物、丙烯酸乙烯酯、乙烯吡咯烷酮与羧酸乙烯酯的聚合物、丙烯酸乙烯酯聚合物、甲基丙烯酸乙烯酯及其聚合物和邻苯甲酸乙酯中一种或几种。
一种乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于，含有上述任一项所述的饲料添加剂或添 加剂预混料。
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供肉桂醛和/或尿囊素替代饲料中高锌的应用。
肉桂醛早年有人提出过用于防饲料霉变，但由于肉桂醛很不稳定，实际没有人应用到饲料生产中防止饲料霉变，有报道也仅限于试验结果。近几年，由于禁抗生素的呼声越来越高，肉桂醛的稳定化技术有一定的提高，目前市场上较多见的是环糊精包被的稳定化处理的肉桂醛来替代抗生素，但肉桂醛的添加量通常较低(小于60ppm)，且饲料中肉桂醛与高锌同时添加，以使饲料有更稳定的防病抗拉稀效果。而使用肉桂醛替代高锌的方案，目前没有人提出。同样，目前也无人提出使用尿囊素，或将肉桂醛与尿囊素合用替代高锌的方案。本发明使用肉桂醛和/或尿囊素全部替代或部分替代高锌，则加入了足够量肉桂醛和/或尿囊素的饲料中，无需添加高锌，只需要添加动物营养需要量的锌(60-110ppm)，即可起到抗拉稀的作用。
肉桂醛能促进血管内皮细胞及消化道黏膜上皮细胞生长因子释放，及时修复饲料中致敏性物质损伤的尚未发育完善的消化道黏膜，特别是小肠绒毛膜，抑制炎症和炎症的过度表达，同时能够直接杀灭包括黄曲霉在内的绝大部分真菌和原虫以及病毒、细菌，阻止消化道黏膜损伤后的继发性感染引起的拉稀。因此，肉桂醛能够减少消化道黏膜，特别是小肠绒毛膜受损的几率，大幅度减少拉稀，还能阻止继发性感染，起到良好的抗拉稀效果，有利于仔猪快速生长。使用肉桂醛替代高锌饲料喂养的仔猪，保育后期和小猪料阶段比前期阶段使用高锌日粮的仔猪增重快12-30％，开创了养猪业和饲料行业发展的新纪元。
尿囊素也有和肉桂醛一样的修复黏膜、绒毛膜受损的功能，但它也有一定的收敛作用。因此，尿囊素也可起到替代高锌的作用。且尿囊素与肉桂醛合用，作为肉桂醛在低温和气温突降时补强修复效果较好。
由于肉桂醛在饲料中超过一定剂量会使成骨细胞和成纤维细胞生长受阻，影响猪的生长发育(但仍好于高锌组，高锌在后期也会影响猪的生长发育)，而单独或大剂量使用尿囊素并不会获得肉桂醛适宜剂量的促生长和抗菌作用。 因此在保温良好和气温较高的季节单独使用适宜的稳定化肉桂醛可部分或全部替代高锌，能确保安全，不会出现令养殖者不满意的仔猪拉稀和死亡状况；在保温不好或气温突降缺乏应急预案情况下，使用足够剂量但并不影响(后期)生长的肉桂醛浓度与尿囊素合用，是效果更好的方案，同样可以部分或全部替代高锌，获得养殖者满意的仔猪很低的拉稀率和几乎无死亡的状况，而且不会对仔猪后期发育带来不良的影响。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1中乳仔猪0％拉稀的照片。
图2为本发明实施例1中乳仔猪100％拉稀的照片。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请保护的范围。
请如图1至图2所示，本发明提供的技术方案如下：
肉桂醛和/或尿囊素用于部分替代或全部替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用。
仔猪断奶时，从吃母乳过渡到吃人工饲料。而饲料中有很多抗营养因子如蛋白酶抑制剂、大豆致敏性蛋白、大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂、外源性腐蚀性酚和酸、高剂量的金属添加物、硬质粗纤维、木质素、不可溶的矿物性原料等，以 及随饲料摄入的细菌、真菌、霉菌、病毒、原虫等，都会对仔猪处于发育中的消化道黏膜，特别是尚未发育完全的小肠绒毛膜造成损伤，并进一步引起炎症，造成断奶仔猪拉稀，并引发继发性疾病。这也是仔猪断奶关难过的重要因素，仔猪要到65-70日龄，待肠道发育完全后，才能较好抵御这些不良因素。
现有技术中使用足够剂量的高锌作为饲料添加剂，以起到抗拉稀的作用。例如，21-33日龄断奶猪教槽料添加(氧化)锌2250-3000ppm、保育料添加(氧化)锌1600-1875ppm。足够剂量的高锌有足够的收敛作用，可以使仔猪的消化道黏膜细胞，特别是小肠绒毛膜细胞收敛紧缩，从而避免饲料中致拉稀物质带来的损害，起到防止仔猪拉稀的作用，能大幅度减少继发性感染和致病、死亡的发生率。但是，正是由于氧化锌这种收敛作用，长期使用会阻碍消化道黏膜，特别是小肠绒毛膜的生长发育，导致生长受阻。氧化锌的阻止作用在仔猪保育后期和小猪料阶段尤为明显。
然而，饲料中高锌来源主要是氧化锌、碱式氯化锌等，易对环境造成的重金属污染，且高锌还伴生有的镉污染，对环境造成很大影响。目前各国都在努力降低饲料中锌的添加量，但由于在饲料中添加高锌是乳仔猪断奶抗拉稀的稳定、十分有效的方案，难以替代。陆续有纳米氧化锌、包被氧化锌、碱式氯化锌等替代高锌的报导，它们即使有效果，也是在有一定氧化锌用量的基础上，如用300-600ppm锌浓度的氧化锌，况且都不能像高锌一样能在低温或突然降温时保护仔猪做到很少拉稀和很少死亡，相反可能造成大面积的仔猪拉稀和死亡。要在断奶仔猪日粮中不使用高锌是一个世界性难题，即使养猪业最发达的欧盟，也只计划在未来五年禁用高锌。我国也在逐步降低饲料中允许添加的锌含量。
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供肉桂醛和/或尿囊素替代饲料中高锌的应用。
肉桂醛早年有人提出过用于防饲料霉变，但由于肉桂醛很不稳定，实际没有人应用到饲料生产中防止饲料霉变，有报道也仅限于试验结果。近几年，由于禁用抗生素的呼声越来越高，肉桂醛的稳定化技术有一定的提高，目前市场上较多见的是环糊精包被的稳定化处理的肉桂醛来替代抗生素，但肉桂醛的 添加量通常较低(小于60ppm)，且饲料中肉桂醛与高锌同时添加，以使饲料有更稳定的防病抗拉稀效果。而使用肉桂醛替代高锌的方案，目前没有人提出。同样，目前也无人提出使用尿囊素，或将肉桂醛与尿囊素合用替代高锌的方案。本发明使用肉桂醛和/或尿囊素全部替代或部分替代高锌，则加入了足够量肉桂醛和/或尿囊素的饲料中，无需添加高锌，只需要添加动物营养需要量的锌(60-110ppm)，即可起到抗拉稀的作用。
肉桂醛能促进血管内皮细胞及消化道黏膜上皮细胞生长因子释放，及时修复饲料中致敏性物质损伤的尚未发育完善的消化道黏膜，特别是小肠绒毛膜，抑制炎症和炎症的过度表达，同时能够直接杀灭包括黄曲霉在内的绝大部分真菌和原虫以及病毒、细菌，阻止消化道黏膜损伤后的继发性感染引起的拉稀。因此，肉桂醛能够减少消化道黏膜，特别是小肠绒毛膜受损的几率，大幅度减少拉稀，还能阻止继发性感染，起到良好的抗拉稀效果，有利于仔猪快速生长。使用肉桂醛替代高锌饲料喂养的仔猪，保育后期和小猪料阶段比前期阶段使用高锌日粮的仔猪增重快12-30％，开创了养猪业和饲料行业发展的新纪元。
尿囊素也有和肉桂醛一样的修复黏膜、绒毛膜受损的功能，但它也有一定的收敛作用。因此，尿囊素也可起到替代高锌的作用。且尿囊素与肉桂醛合用，作为肉桂醛在低温和气温突降时补强修复效果较好。
由于肉桂醛在饲料中超过一定剂量会使成骨细胞和成纤维细胞生长受阻，影响猪的生长发育(但仍好于高锌组，高锌在后期也会影响猪的生长发育)，而单独或大剂量使用尿囊素并不会获得肉桂醛适宜剂量的促生长和抗菌作用。因此在保温良好和气温较高的季节单独使用适宜的稳定化肉桂醛可部分或全部替代高锌，能确保安全，不会出现令养殖者不满意的仔猪拉稀和死亡状况；在保温不好或气温突降缺乏应急预案情况下，使用足够剂量但并不影响(后期)生长的肉桂醛浓度与尿囊素合用，是效果更好的方案，同样可以部分或全部替代高锌，获得养殖者满意的仔猪很低的拉稀率和几乎无死亡的状况，而且不会对仔猪后期发育带来不良的影响。
稳定化的肉桂醛和/或尿囊素用于部分替代或全部替代乳仔猪饲料中高 锌的应用。
作为优选，稳定化的肉桂醛作为高锌的替代产品。稳定化的肉桂醛可以单独使用，也可与尿囊素合用。尿囊素也可单独使用。稳定化的肉桂醛，所述稳定化的肉桂醛具体为包被处理的肉桂醛、化学修饰的肉桂醛、化学修饰后再包被处理的肉桂醛中的任意一种或多种。经稳定化处理的肉桂醛，可以克服肉桂醛不稳定的缺点。在饲料制备、尤其是制粒的过程中，可以保持肉桂醛含量的稳定。在饲料的制备，以及长期储存后，仍能含有足够量的肉桂醛。
一种部分替代高锌的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括111-1600ppm锌，还包括60-5000ppm肉桂醛与10-5000ppm尿囊素的组合物、或60-5000ppm肉桂醛、或10-5000ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
优选地，上述饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括111-1600ppm锌，还包括60-600ppm肉桂醛与10-400ppm尿囊素的组合物、或60-600ppm肉桂醛、或10-400ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
本发明还提供一种部分替代高锌的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料。部分替代高锌，是指饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料中，按全价配合饲料用量计仍含有111-1600ppm的锌。低于110ppm，如60-110ppm，是饲料中将锌作为营养需要添加的范围，并不属于为抗拉稀而添加的高锌的含量范围。而现有使用的高锌，含量通常在1600-3000ppm之内，以(氧化)锌计，以起到抗拉稀的作用。本发明提供的饲料添加剂部分替代高锌时，饲料添加剂内含有111-1600ppm的锌，还包括肉桂醛、尿囊素、肉桂醛与尿囊素的组合物中的任意一种。
单用肉桂醛时，饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按配合饲料用量计，包括111-1600ppm的锌，还包括60-5000ppm肉桂醛、优选60-600ppm、更优选60-300ppm、更优选100-200ppm的肉桂醛。单用尿囊素时，饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括111-1600ppm的锌，还包括10-5000ppm尿囊素、优选10-400ppm、更优选50-300ppm、更优选100-200ppm的尿囊素。使用肉桂醛与尿囊素的组合物时，饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括111-1600ppm的锌，还包括60-5000ppm肉桂醛与10-5000ppm尿囊素相组合，优选60-600ppm肉桂醛与10-400ppm尿囊素相组 合，更优选60-300ppm肉桂醛与50-300ppm尿囊素相组合，更优选100-200ppm肉桂醛与100-200ppm尿囊素相组合使用。
一种全部替代高锌的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括60-5000ppm肉桂醛与10-5000ppm尿囊素的组合物、或60-5000ppm肉桂醛、或10-5000ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
优选地，上述饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括60-600ppm肉桂醛与10-400ppm尿囊素的组合物、或200-600ppm肉桂醛、或50-400ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
本发明还提供一种全部替代高锌的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料。全部替代高锌，是指饲料添加剂中不添加用于抗拉稀剂量的锌，而饲料中仍含有低于110ppm，如60-110ppm的锌，是饲料中将锌作为营养需要添加的范围，并不属于为抗拉稀而添加的高锌的含量范围。本发明提供的饲料添加剂全部替代高锌时，饲料添加剂内含有肉桂醛、尿囊素、肉桂醛与尿囊素的组合物中的任意一种。
单用肉桂醛时，饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括60-5000ppm肉桂醛、优选200-600ppm、更优选400-500ppm的肉桂醛。单用尿囊素时，饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按配合饲料用量计，包括10-5000ppm尿囊素、优选10-400ppm、更优选50-300ppm的尿囊素。使用肉桂醛与尿囊素的组合物时，饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，按配合饲料用量计，包括60-5000ppm肉桂醛与10-5000ppm尿囊素相组合，优选60-600ppm肉桂醛与10-400ppm尿囊素相组合，更优选200-300ppm肉桂醛与50-300ppm尿囊素相组合使用。
优选地，上述饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，所述肉桂醛为稳定化的肉桂醛，所述稳定化的肉桂醛具体为包被处理的肉桂醛、化学修饰的肉桂醛、化学修饰后再包被处理的肉桂醛中的任意一种或多种。
优选地，所述包被处理的肉桂醛具体为经包衣材料进行包被得到的肉桂醛；所述化学修饰的肉桂醛具体为肉桂醛与含有氨基或亚胺基的化合物缩合得到的肉桂醛；所述化学修饰后再包被处理的肉桂醛具体为肉桂醛与含有氨基或 亚胺基的化合物缩合得到的肉桂醛，再经包衣材料进行包被得到的肉桂醛。
优选地，所述含有氨基或亚胺基的化合物具体为壳寡糖、壳聚糖、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、乙二胺、黄芪多糖、半胱胺、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、抗菌肽、盐酸硫胺、L-肉碱、DL-肉碱、烟酰胺、碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、异丁叉二脲、磷酸脲、氯化铵、海藻酸铵、精氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸羟基类似物、酪氨酸、牛磺酸、N-氨甲酰谷氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、硝酸硫胺、半胱氨酸、异丁叉二脲、褐藻酸寡糖、那西肽、杆菌肽锌、盐酸氨丙啉乙氧酰胺、盐酸氯苯胍、二硝托胺、亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽、低聚木糖、低聚壳聚糖、半乳甘露寡糖、果寡糖、甘露寡糖、α-环丙氨酸、N,O-羧甲基壳寡糖、寡聚β-(1,4)-2-氨基-2-脱氧基-葡萄糖、胍基乙酸、8-甲基-N-香草基-L-壬烯胺、辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱、降二氢辣椒碱、高辣椒碱、高二氢辣椒碱I、高二氢辣椒碱Ⅱ、壬酞香荚兰胺、辛酞香英兰胺、癸酞香英兰胺中的任意一种。
优选地，所述的包衣材料选自环糊精、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸树脂、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、琥珀酸酯丁酸乙酯、甘油三丁酯、壳聚糖、普鲁兰多糖、虫胶、聚乙烯醇乙酸苯二甲酸酯、纤维素及其衍生物、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、1，2，4-苯三甲酸乙酸纤维素、1，2，4-苯三甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、琥珀酸乙酸纤维素、琥珀酸乙酸羟丙基纤维素、甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸树酯、乙基纤维素、甘油三醋酸酯、丙酸乙烯酯、聚丙酸乙烯酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丁酸乙烯酯、羧酸乙烯酯聚合物、丙烯酸乙烯酯、乙烯吡咯烷酮与羧酸乙烯酯的聚合物、丙烯酸乙烯酯聚合物、甲基丙烯酸乙烯酯及其聚合物和邻苯甲酸乙酯中一种或几种。
本发明提供的饲料添加剂中，使用的肉桂醛优选是稳定化的肉桂醛。稳定化的肉桂醛具体为包被处理的肉桂醛、化学修饰的肉桂醛、化学修饰后再包被处理的肉桂醛中的任意一种或多种。其中，化学修饰的肉桂醛优选是肉桂醛与含有氨基或亚胺基的物质缩合反应得到的肉桂醛，缩合得到的肉桂醛在酸性环境中(如胃液环境中)能水解成肉桂醛和原来的含氨基物质，是稳定化缓释 形式的肉桂醛。包被处理的肉桂醛经包衣材料包被处理的肉桂醛。且化学修饰得到的肉桂醛还可以再进行包被，以进一步提高肉桂醛的稳定性。
肉桂醛不稳定，未经稳定化处理的肉桂醛加入到饲料中，存放时间较短，通常是科研试验时随配随用。而经与含有氨基或亚胺基的物质缩合反应得到的稳定化的肉桂醛，可以在饲料制备过程、饲料存储过程中保持稳定，肉桂醛的含量降低较少，因此，使用稳定化的肉桂醛，能起到稳定替代高锌的效果，有利于饲料工业化生产的进行。本发明提供的稳定化的肉桂醛中，优选使用肉桂醛与含有氨基或亚胺基的物质缩合反应得到的肉桂醛，或将肉桂醛与含有氨基或亚胺基的物质缩合反应得到的肉桂醛再经过包被处理得到的肉桂醛，可以在饲料制备过程中稳定存在。本发明使用的将肉桂醛与含有氨基或亚胺基的物质缩合反应得到的肉桂醛，在130℃烘箱中烘10分钟，尚残留78％，能满足包括高温生产的水产料在内的绝大多数的饲料的生产工艺，我们在保育料饲料中添加该稳定化的肉桂醛400克/吨，第三十天仅损失1g，60天也只损失9.05％，能满足饲料中添加剂稳定性要求。
一种乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于，含有上述任一项所述的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料。
本发明还提供使用上述饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料的乳仔猪饲料。饲料中本身还有作为营养物质的60-110ppm的锌，以及其他猪生长发育所需的营养物质，还加入了本发明提供的部分替代高锌或全部替代高锌的饲料添加剂，可以在保证乳仔猪正常快速生长的同时，起到抗拉稀的作用。
在以下教槽料试验中，基础日粮配方和微量元素、维生素含量如下：
表1 基础日粮配方(％)
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000002
表2 日粮微量元素保证值(mg/kg)
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000003
表3 日粮维生素保证值(每千克不少于)
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000004
实施例1
在湖南常德津市市广民养殖有限公司猪场，选择母猪胎次相同，仔猪体重相近6.5kg左右的21日龄断奶仔猪100头，随机分成两组，公母各半，每个组50头猪。试验组从7日龄开始用上述配方生产的教槽料预饲至断奶。
试验组饲喂无高锌(含Zn 60ppm)无抗生素教槽料，其中添加壳寡糖缩氨基肉桂醛(肉桂醛含量50ppm，经液相色谱检测饲料60天保存期内饲料肉桂醛50ppm没有损失)。对照组用含高锌(2250ppm)抗生素，福建某公司生产的教槽料，地暖保温猪舍22℃以上，结果如下：
在预饲期间并到试验期断奶后第七天，试验组未见一头拉稀(见附图1)，对照组有5头次拉稀。在第八天下午，气温突然下降，晚上猪舍温度由22℃降至16-18℃，试验组当晚开始100％拉稀(见附图2)，对照组没有一头拉稀；次日经过治疗，试验组拉稀降为10％左右，死亡2头，第三日突然降温，试验组又100％拉稀，死亡4头，第五天死亡6头，而对照组没有一头拉稀，仅仅五天时间，共死猪12头，死亡率为24％，对照组没有一头拉稀也没死一头猪，第六日只好终止试验，试验组改用对照组饲料，拉稀马上好转，没有再死猪。
结论：龄断奶仔猪，在恒定保温满足仔猪适宜生长温度状态下，猪发生拉稀的可能性本来就低，使用50ppm肉桂醛的试验组与使用2250ppm高锌的对照组均未发生拉稀现象。但气温突然下降时，试验组100％拉稀，表明50ppm的肉桂醛无法替代高锌。
由实施例1可知，体重长至30kg以前的断奶仔猪仅按猪的营养需要量60-110ppm添加锌，只要温度低于20℃或者遭遇突然降温，仔猪拉稀会高达30-100％，死亡率可达10-30％，甚至更高，严重影响养猪效益。我国绝大多数是中小型养猪企业和散养户，仔猪舍保温≥20℃显然难以做到；由于养猪业并没有用空调来恒定保温，且使用空调也可能遭遇停电或设备故障，企业难以规避气温突降引起猪舍温度的情况发生，而猪舍温度低于20℃时，不添加高锌肯定会造成仔猪大面积的腹泻和死亡，断奶仔猪日粮高锌是养猪抗拉稀的不得不添加的“守护神”。
实施例2
在湖南常德桃源县常德惠生集团酒埠港猪场，试验组采用无高锌(含锌60ppm)教槽料，其中添加壳寡糖缩氨基肉桂醛(含有肉桂醛50ppm，经液相色谱检测饲料60天保存期内饲料肉桂醛50ppm没有损失)，在-3℃到14℃饲喂21-28日龄断奶仔猪200头，死67头，死亡率33.5％。对照组采用高锌教槽料(含锌2250ppm)在-3℃到14℃饲喂21-28日龄断奶仔猪1700头，死淘275头，死亡率16.2％。对照组优于试验组，说明低于50ppm肉桂醛的日粮在低温下不能替代高锌。试验组和对照组教槽料基础日粮均按表1。
实施例3
在湖南常德桃源县常德惠生集团酒埠港猪场，于2018年1月12日至23日进行无抗低锌(含锌60ppm)教槽料的生产试验。
共420头21-25日龄断奶猪，前三天在产房赶走母猪，保温23-25℃，第四天转入保育舍，保育舍所有猪按15头/m2配置电热板，电热板保温28-32℃。将分为试验组和对照组，试验组370头，使用无抗低锌(含锌60ppm)教槽料，其中添加包衣赖氨酸缩氨基肉桂醛(含肉桂醛60g/吨，60天检测饲料保留肉桂醛59克/吨)，营养成分按表1、表1、表3执行；对照组50头猪，基础日粮配方也按表1执行，同时添加高锌2250ppm，不添加肉桂醛。
实验结果：420头猪为前四天均没有拉稀，转栏当天和第二、第三天按采食量的50％限饲，两组拉稀均为0.5％，由于保育舍温度较低，只有15-19℃(猪的适宜生长温度为23-26℃)，转栏第四天以后拉稀开始增多，但试验组拉稀比对照组少，第八天开始拉稀猪用10％氟苯尼考注射液治疗，3ml/头，一天一次，到十二天后结束试验，结果试验组日增重比对照组提高16.73％，见表4。
表4常德桃源酒埠港某猪场无抗低锌(含锌60ppm)教槽料生产试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000006
实施例3及表4表明，在15℃以上时并在猪腹部有电热板保温28-32℃条件下，60mg/kg肉桂醛可全部替代饲料中的高锌。
实施例4
选取240头21日龄断奶初产三元杂交猪，分成六组，拉稀(有病)均不治疗，猪舍温度24℃，除氧化锌外，六个组的基础日粮、维生素、微量元素均按表1、2、3执行，六个组日粮均不加酸化剂。试验1、2、3、4、5组分别添加(牛磺酸缩氨基)肉桂醛200、300、400、500、600克/吨。对照组不加肉桂醛。试验时间2018.3.23-4.4，重庆。结果如表5所示。
表5：(牛磺酸缩氨基)肉桂醛替代高锌抗生素试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000008
从表5可以看出，在仔猪适宜生长温度(24℃)，21日龄断奶仔猪喂食无酸化剂日粮中采用部分高锌(1500ppm)时，添加200mg/kg肉桂醛、300mg/kg肉桂醛，比喂食高锌2250ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高5.35％、10.38％，其中以300mg/kg肉桂醛为佳；21日龄断奶仔猪无酸化剂日粮中采用完全不用高锌(即锌只有60ppm)时，添加400mg/kg肉桂醛、500mg/kg肉桂醛、600mg/kg肉桂醛比高锌2250ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高3.14％、11.64％、8.80％，以500mg/kg肉桂醛为佳；添加600mg/kg肉桂醛时，虽然比高锌对照组好，但可能由于高浓度肉桂醛可能会在此浓度下对仔猪成骨细胞生长有影响，所以较添加500mg/kg肉桂醛，猪的生长效果和抗腹泻强度均稍差。本实施例表明饲料中添加稳定化的肉桂醛可部分替代高锌或全部替代高锌。
实施例5
选取240头21日龄断奶初产三元杂交猪，分成六组，拉稀(有病)均不治疗，舍温采用自然温度14-29℃，除氧化锌外，六个组的基础日粮、维生素、微量元素均按表1、2、3执行，六个组日粮均加酸化剂。其中试验1、2组为部分高锌组1500ppm(氧化)锌，分别添加(赖氨酸缩氨基)肉桂醛300、400mg/kg；试验3、4、5组完全不用氧化锌，均添加(赖氨酸缩氨基)肉桂醛500mg/kg，尿囊素分别添加200、250、300mg/kg。饲喂12天，试验时间2018.3.27-4.6，重庆。结果见表6。
表6：赖氨酸缩氨基肉桂醛替代高锌抗生素试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000010
从表6看出，自然温度15-29℃下，21日龄断奶仔猪酸化剂日粮中采用部分高锌(含锌1500ppm)时，添加300mg/kg肉桂醛、400mg/kg肉桂醛比高锌2250ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高7.43％、9.5％，以400mg/kg肉桂醛为佳；21日龄断奶仔猪酸化剂日粮中采用完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)时，试验3、4、5组分别添加500mg/kg肉桂醛+200mg/kg尿囊素、500mg/kg肉桂醛+250mg/kg尿囊素、500mg/kg肉桂醛+300mg/kg尿囊素，均比高锌2250ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高11.1％、17.6％、24.7％，其中以500mg/kg肉桂醛+300mg/kg尿囊素克为佳。由于实施例4中添加600mg/kg肉桂醛时，虽然比高锌对照组好，但可能由于高浓度肉桂醛可能会在此浓度下对仔猪成骨细胞生长有影响，所以较添加500mg/kg肉桂醛，猪的生长效果和抗腹泻强度均稍差，所以本实施例肉桂醛只添加500mg/kg，并辅以尿囊素200-300mg/kg，取得了远超过高锌对照组的效果，日增重超过高锌对照组11.1-24.7％，实际应用中，除大规模猪场会按猪适宜温度保温外，大部分中小猪场会保温在15℃或以上，本实施例有很强的现实指导意义。实施例6表明稳定化处理肉桂醛和尿囊素组合可部分替代高锌或全部替代高锌。其中，肉桂醛与尿囊素的组合比例可以任意组合，例如肉桂醛:尿囊素＝1～5000:1～5000，优选肉桂醛:尿囊素＝1～1000:1～1000。
实施例6
240头21日龄断奶初经产三元杂交猪，分成六组，拉稀(有病)均不治疗，猪舍保温温度22-25℃，除氧化锌外，六个组的基础日粮、维生素、微 量元素均按表1、2、3执行，六个组日粮均加酸化剂。试验组添加谷氨酰胺缩氨基肉桂醛，其中试验组2不加任何抗生素也不用高锌(含锌60ppm)，其它组添加抗生素和氧化锌见表八，试验时间2018.4.18-4.27，重庆。结果见表7。
表7谷氨酰胺缩氨基肉桂醛替代高锌抗生素试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000012
从表7看出，在保温22-25℃时，谷氨酰胺缩氨基肉桂醛高剂量500ppm完全可以替代高锌，低剂量时150-200ppm可部分替代高锌，此时饲料锌含量1500ppm,而不是2250ppm。
实施例7
240头21日龄断奶初产三元杂交猪，分成六组,拉稀(有病)均采用常规治疗，用空调和冰块强制对猪舍降温，把温度控制在10-14℃，除氧化锌外，六个组的基础日粮、维生素、微量元素均按表1、2、3执行，六个组日粮均加酸化剂。其中试验1、2组为部分高锌组1500ppm(氧化)锌，分别添加(乙二胺缩氨基)肉桂醛300、400mg/kg；试验3、4、5组完全不含高锌(含锌60ppm)，均添加(乙二胺缩氨基)肉桂醛500mg/kg，尿囊素分别添加300、350、400mg/kg，饲喂12天，结果见表8。
表8(乙二胺缩氨基)肉桂醛替代高锌抗生素试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000013
从表8看出：仔猪自然温度10-14℃，21日龄断奶仔猪酸化剂日粮中采用部分高锌(含锌1500ppm)时，添加300mg/kg肉桂醛、400mg/kg肉桂醛比 高锌2250ppm日粮效果好，日增重分别提高5.8％、8.0％，以400mg/kg肉桂醛为佳；21日龄断奶仔猪酸化剂日粮中采用完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)时，试验3、4、5组分别添加500mg/kg肉桂醛+300mg/kg尿囊素、500mg/kg肉桂醛+350mg/kg尿囊素、500mg/kg肉桂醛+400mg/kg尿囊素均比高锌2250ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高5.4％、8.5％、17.4％，以500mg/kg肉桂醛+400mg/kg尿囊素为佳；由于实施例4中添加600mg/kg肉桂醛时，虽然比高锌对照组好，但可能由于高浓度肉桂醛可能会在此浓度下对仔猪成骨细胞生长有影响，所以较添加500mg/kg肉桂醛，猪的生长效果和抗腹泻强度均稍差，所以本实施例肉桂醛只添加500mg/kg，并辅以尿囊素300-400mg/kg，取得了超过高锌对照组的效果，日增重超过高锌对照组5.4-17.4％。实际应用中，只有少部分散养户猪场会气温较低时有时温度只能在10℃或以上，本实施例有很强的现实指导意义。本实施例表明稳定化处理肉桂醛和尿囊素组合在低温或气温突降时可部分替代高锌或全部替代高锌。
实施例8
选取240头28日龄断奶初产三元杂交猪，分成六组,拉稀(有病)采用常规治疗，用空调和冰块强制对猪舍降温，把温度控制在0-9℃，除氧化锌外，六个组的基础日粮、维生素、微量元素均按表1、2、3执行，六个组日粮均加酸化剂。其中试验1、2组为部分高锌组1500ppm(氧化)锌，分别添加(抗菌肽缩氨基)肉桂醛300、400mg/kg；试验3、4、5组完全不用氧化锌，均添加(谷氨酰胺缩氨基)肉桂醛500mg/kg，尿囊素分别添加300、350、400mg/kg,饲喂12天，结果见表9。
表9(抗菌肽缩氨基)肉桂醛替代高锌抗生素试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000015
从表9看出，仔猪在温度0-9℃，28日龄断奶仔猪酸化剂日粮中采用部分高锌(含锌1500ppm)时，添加300mg/kg肉桂醛、400mg/kg肉桂醛比高锌2250ppm日粮效果好，日增重分别提高78％、128％，以400mg/kg肉桂醛为佳；21日龄断奶仔猪酸化剂日粮中采用完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)时，试验3、4、5组分别添加500mg/kg肉桂醛+400mg/kg尿囊素、500mg/kg肉桂醛+500mg/kg尿囊素、500mg/kg肉桂醛+600mg/kg尿囊素均比高锌2250ppm日粮好很多，日增重分别提高72％、144％、172％，以500mg/kg肉桂醛+600mg/kg尿囊素为佳。实施例4中添加600mg/kg肉桂醛时，虽然比高锌对照组好，但可能由于高浓度肉桂醛可能会在此浓度下对仔猪成骨细胞生长有影响，所以较添加500mg/kg肉桂醛，猪的生长效果和抗腹泻强度均稍差，所以本实施例肉桂醛只添加500mg/kg，并辅以尿囊素400-600mg/kg，取得了超过高锌对照组的效果，日增重超过高锌对照组72-172％，死淘少，腹泻率低。
实际应用中，只有极少部分养殖户在气温突然下降时，有时温度偶尔在0℃或以上，而无论是突发事故还是其他原因，猪舍温度都不会低于0℃。本实施例有很强的信心指导意义，能破除饲料行业“恐不用高锌症”，是饲料行业的一个崭新的划时代的里程碑。本实施例表明稳定化处理肉桂醛和尿囊素组合在低温或气温突降时可部分替代高锌或全部替代高锌。
实施例1-8是教槽料试验。也是我国饲料法规规定的高锌允许使用阶段，即断奶后两周阶段。之后进入保育料阶段。保育料阶段国家饲料法规规定不允许使用高锌，但实际使用中为了抗拉稀，猪场和饲料厂会添加高于营养需要的 高剂量高锌，在2018年7月1日前，绝大多数饲料厂是添加2.5kg氧化锌，即1875ppm锌+营养需要量锌60-110ppm，虽然猪处于是保育料饲喂阶段，但饲料厂会在保育料标签上注明“用于仔猪断奶后料两周”，以规避法律风险，这是行业的潜规则，因为饲料法规并没有规定仔猪的断奶日龄，是由饲料使用户自由定夺，所以有漏洞可钻。根据实施例一描述，断奶后的第九天在目前绝大多数猪场已实际进入保育料饲养阶段，不用高锌依然存在极大的拉稀风险，这也是绝大多数饲料厂养殖户打擦边球的没有办法的办法。
在实际应用中，保育猪阶段我国大多数猪场在此阶段均采用自然温度，只有少部分规模养殖企业保温至猪适宜温度20-27℃，因此，在保育料阶段体重8-35kg猪，特别是8-15kg保育前期料阶段，目前基本都使用高锌1875ppm,即每吨饲料用氧化锌2.5kg，当然等到新的法规正式实施后，也只能最多使用1600ppm锌，即2kg氧化锌(1500ppm锌)+营养需要量锌60-110ppm。
由于国家规定用高锌仅限于仔猪断奶后两周，过去都在打擦边球，但随着国家执法力度越来越强，许多大企业都在寻找新的方案，虽然包膜氧化锌、纳米氧化锌、单宁酸等类型产品在拉稀方面可以达到高锌的效果，但是饲料利用率和猪的生长速度会下降10-50％，严重影响畜牧业的发展。稳定化肉桂醛不断能替代氧化锌，而且仔猪有更好的增重速度和饲料利用效率。
以下实施例为保育料试验，基础日粮按表10、维生素按表2、微量元素按表3执行；对照组除锌外其它成分和营养指标同试验组一样。
表10保育料基础日粮配方
原料 比例kg
玉米 685
发酵豆粕 40
去皮豆粕 200
蒸汽鱼粉 20
豆油 15
预混料 40
合计 1000
实施例9
选取240头34日龄三元杂交猪，分成六组，拉稀(有病)均不治疗，舍温采用自然温度14-29℃，重庆。除氧化锌外，六个组的基础日粮、维生素、微量元素均按表10、2、3执行，六个组日粮均加2kg酸化剂。其中试验1、2组为部分高锌组(含锌1200ppm)，分别添加包膜(壳聚糖缩氨基)肉桂醛60mg/kg、100mg/kg；试验3、4、5组完全不用氧化锌(含锌60ppm)，分别添加包膜(壳聚糖缩氨基)肉桂醛200mg/kg、300mg/kg、400mg/kg，饲喂30天，结果见表11。
表11包膜(壳聚糖缩氨基)肉桂醛替代高锌抗生素试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000016
从表11看出，保育猪在自然温度14-29℃，34日龄仔猪含酸化剂日粮中采用部分高锌(含锌1200ppm)时，添加60mg/kg肉桂醛、100mg/kg肉桂醛比高锌1875ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高10.0％、13.3％，以100mg/kg肉 桂醛为佳；34日龄仔猪含酸化剂日粮中采用完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)时，试验3、4、5组分别添加200mg/kg肉桂醛、300mg/kg肉桂醛、400mg/kg肉桂醛均比高锌1875ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高9.67％、12.17％、13.8％，以400mg/kg肉桂醛为最佳；高锌日粮在保育猪期间虽然能很好的控制拉稀，但也严重影响着猪的生长，并与高锌浓度高度相关。本实施例表明稳定化处理肉桂醛可部分替代高锌或全部替代高锌。
实施例10
选取240头34日龄三元杂交猪，分成六组，拉稀(有病)均不治疗，舍温采用自然温度14-29℃，重庆。除氧化锌外，六个组的基础日粮、维生素、微量元素均按表10、2、3执行，六个组日粮均加2kg酸化剂。其中试验1、2组为部分高锌组(含锌1200ppm)，分别添加尿囊素30mg/kg、60mg/kg；试验3、4、5组完全不用氧化锌(含锌60ppm)，分别添加尿囊素100mg/kg、200mg/kg、300mg/kg,饲喂30天，结果见表12。
表12尿囊素替代高锌试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000017
从表12看出，保育猪在自然温度14-29℃，34日龄仔猪含酸化剂日粮中采用部分高锌(含锌1200ppm)时，添加30mg/kg尿囊素、60mg/kg尿囊素比高锌1875ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高5.8％、6.8％，以60mg/kg尿囊素为佳；34日龄仔猪含酸化剂日粮中采用完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)时，试验3、4、5组分别添加100mg/kg尿囊素、200mg/kg尿囊素、300mg/kg尿囊素均比高锌1875ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高7.3％、9.8％、7.8％，以200mg/kg尿囊素为最佳。本实施例表明尿囊素可部分替代高锌或全部替代高锌。但尿囊素的对猪的增重效果在保育料阶段比肉桂醛要差。
实施例11
选取240头34日龄三元杂交猪，分成六组，拉稀(有病)均不治疗，舍温控温20-25℃，重庆。除氧化锌外，六个组的基础日粮、维生素、微量元素均按表10、2、3执行，六个组日粮均加2kg酸化剂。其中试验1、2组为部分高锌组(含锌1200ppm)，分别添加使用聚丙烯酸树脂普通包膜肉桂醛100mg/kg、150mg/kg；试验3、4、5组完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)，均添加普通包膜肉桂醛200mg/kg、300mg/kg、400mg/kg，饲喂30天，结果见表13。
表13包衣肉桂醛替代高锌抗生素试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000018
从表13看出，保育猪在控温20-25℃，34日龄仔猪含酸化剂日粮中采用部分高锌(含锌1200ppm)时，添加100mg/kg肉桂醛、150mg/kg肉桂醛比高锌1875ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高3.35％、5.27％，以60mg/kg肉桂醛为佳；34日龄仔猪含酸化剂日粮中采用完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)时，试验3、4、5组分别添加200mg/kg肉桂醛、400mg/kg肉桂醛比高锌1875ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高9.58％、7.99％、以200mg/kg肉桂醛为最佳；而300mg/kg肉桂醛试验组却比高锌对照差4.6％，后面检测饲料中肉桂醛只有50ppm。说明包膜肉桂醛在饲料制粒时容易发生包膜被挤坏的情况，包膜的肉桂醛作为饲料添加剂有风险。高锌日粮在保育猪期间虽然能很好的控制拉稀，但也严重影响着猪的生长，并与高锌浓度高度相关。而包膜完整能耐制粒高温和饲料存储的包被稳定化处理的肉桂醛可部分替代高锌或全部替代高锌。
实施例12
选取240头34日龄三元杂交猪，分成六组，拉稀(有病)均不治疗，舍温采用控温20-25℃，重庆。除氧化锌外，六个组的基础日粮、维生素、微量元素均按表10、2、3执行，六个组日粮均加2kg酸化剂。其中试验1、2组为部分高锌组(含锌1200ppm)，分别添加尿囊素10mg/kg、20mg/kg；试验3、4、5组完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)，均添加尿囊素100mg/kg、200mg/kg、300mg/kg，对照组添加2.5kg氧化锌，饲喂30天，结果见表14。
表14尿囊素替代高锌试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000020
从表14看出，保育猪在控温20-25℃，34日龄仔猪含酸化剂日粮中采用部分高锌(含锌1200ppm)时，添加10mg/kg尿囊素、20mg/kg尿囊素比高锌1875ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高7.9％、9.4％，以20mg/kg尿囊素为佳；34日龄仔猪含酸化剂日粮中采用完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)时，试验3、4、5组分别添加50mg/kg尿囊素、100mg/kg尿囊素、150mg/kg尿囊素均比高锌1875ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高8.3％、10.9％、6.5％，以100mg/kg尿囊素为最佳。本实施例说明尿囊素可部分替代高锌或全部替代高锌，但尿囊素的对猪的增重效果在保育料阶段比肉桂醛稍差。
实施例13
选取240头40日龄三元杂交猪，分成四组，拉稀(有病)按常规治疗，猪舍强制降温5-12℃，除氧化锌外，四个组的基础日粮、维生素、微量元素均按表10、2、3执行，四个组日粮均加2kg酸化剂。试验1、2、3组完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)，分别添加尿囊素100mg/kg、200mg/kg、300mg/kg，并且，试验1、2、3组添加美国嘉吉公司品“新金金(含稳定化肉桂醛9％)”以肉桂醛计(见表15)，饲喂30天，结果见表15。
表15肉桂醛+尿囊素替代高锌试验
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2019095941-appb-000022
从表15看出，保育猪在强制降温5-12℃，40日龄仔猪酸化剂日粮中采用完全不用高锌(含锌60ppm)时，试验1、2、3组分别添加200mg/kg尿囊素+135mg/kg稳定化肉桂醛、300mg/kg尿囊素+158mg/kg稳定化肉桂醛，比高锌1875ppm日粮好，日增重分别提高6.4％、9.5％，以300mg/kg尿囊素+158mg/kg肉桂醛组为最佳。400mg/kg尿囊素+180mg/kg稳定化肉桂醛組虽然没有比对照更多的腹泻率，却比高锌对照组日增重下降10.2％，可能是“新金金”在日粮中添加2000mg/kg，其中含有的香芹酚、百里酚等影响采食有关，采食量较对照组下降9.25％。本实施例说明用溶剂和β-环糊精稳定化处理的(“新金金”)肉桂醛与尿囊素合用，也可全部替代高锌而获得比高锌还略好的效果，但是替代成本远比高锌成本高。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 肉桂醛和/或尿囊素用于部分替代或全部替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用。
  2. 稳定化的肉桂醛和/或尿囊素用于部分替代或全部替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用。
  3. 一种部分替代高锌的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，其特征在于，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括111-1600ppm锌，还包括60-5000ppm肉桂醛与10-5000ppm尿囊素的组合物、或60-5000ppm肉桂醛、或10-5000ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，其特征在于，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括111-1600ppm锌，还包括60-600ppm肉桂醛与10-400ppm尿囊素的组合物、或60-600ppm肉桂醛、或10-400ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
  5. 一种全部替代高锌的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，其特征在于，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括60-5000ppm肉桂醛与10-5000ppm尿囊素组合物、或60-5000ppm肉桂醛、或10-5000ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，其特征在于，按全价配合饲料用量计，包括60-600ppm肉桂醛与10-400ppm尿囊素的组合物、或200-600ppm肉桂醛、或50-400ppm尿囊素中的任意一种。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，其特征在于，所述肉桂醛为稳定化的肉桂醛，所述稳定化的肉桂醛具体为包被处理的肉桂醛、化学修饰的肉桂醛、化学修饰后再包被处理的肉桂醛中的任意一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，其特征在于，所述包被处理的肉桂醛具体为经包衣材料进行包被得到的肉桂醛；所述化学修饰的肉桂醛具体为肉桂醛与含有氨基或亚胺基的化合物缩合得到的肉桂醛；所述化学修饰后再包被处理的肉桂醛具体为肉桂醛与含有氨基或亚胺基 的化合物缩合得到的肉桂醛，再经经包衣材料进行包被得到的肉桂醛。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，其特征在于，所述含有氨基或亚胺基的化合物具体为壳寡糖、壳聚糖、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、乙二胺、黄芪多糖、半胱胺、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、抗菌肽、盐酸硫胺、L-肉碱、DL-肉碱、烟酰胺、碳酸氢铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、异丁叉二脲、磷酸脲、氯化铵、海藻酸铵、精氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、蛋氨酸羟基类似物、酪氨酸、牛磺酸、N-氨甲酰谷氨酸、组氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、硝酸硫胺、半胱氨酸、异丁叉二脲、褐藻酸寡糖、那西肽、杆菌肽锌、盐酸氨丙啉乙氧酰胺、盐酸氯苯胍、二硝托胺、亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽、低聚木糖、低聚壳聚糖、半乳甘露寡糖、果寡糖、甘露寡糖、α-环丙氨酸、N,O-羧甲基壳寡糖、寡聚β-(1,4)-2-氨基-2-脱氧基-葡萄糖、胍基乙酸、8-甲基-N-香草基-L-壬烯胺、辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱、降二氢辣椒碱、高辣椒碱、高二氢辣椒碱I、高二氢辣椒碱Ⅱ、壬酞香荚兰胺、辛酞香英兰胺、癸酞香英兰胺中的任意一种。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料，其特征在于，所述的包衣材料选自环糊精、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸树脂、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、琥珀酸酯丁酸乙酯、甘油三丁酯、壳聚糖、普鲁兰多糖、虫胶、聚乙烯醇乙酸苯二甲酸酯、纤维素及其衍生物、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、1，2，4-苯三甲酸乙酸纤维素、1，2，4-苯三甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、琥珀酸乙酸纤维素、琥珀酸乙酸羟丙基纤维素、甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸树酯、乙基纤维素、甘油三醋酸酯、丙酸乙烯酯、聚丙酸乙烯酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丁酸乙烯酯、羧酸乙烯酯聚合物、丙烯酸乙烯酯、乙烯吡咯烷酮与羧酸乙烯酯的聚合物、丙烯酸乙烯酯聚合物、甲基丙烯酸乙烯酯及其聚合物和邻苯甲酸乙酯中一种或几种。
  11. 一种乳仔猪饲料，其特征在于，含有权利要求3-10中任一项所述的饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料。
PCT/CN2019/095941 2018-06-08 2019-07-15 肉桂醛和/或尿囊素在替代乳仔猪饲料中高锌的应用及饲料添加剂或添加剂预混料、饲料 WO2019233496A1 (zh)

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