WO2019228540A1 - 一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2019228540A1
WO2019228540A1 PCT/CN2019/094304 CN2019094304W WO2019228540A1 WO 2019228540 A1 WO2019228540 A1 WO 2019228540A1 CN 2019094304 W CN2019094304 W CN 2019094304W WO 2019228540 A1 WO2019228540 A1 WO 2019228540A1
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frequency
phasor
phasors
phase
hamming window
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French (fr)
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朱云峰
王莉
余高旺
樊占峰
石欣
龚赟
张旭
安永帅
蔺立
胡舒怡
朱军红
杨凯
张艳超
刘树猛
刘晓霞
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Xuji Group Co Ltd
XJ Electric Co Ltd
Xuchang XJ Software Technology Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Xuji Group Co Ltd
XJ Electric Co Ltd
Xuchang XJ Software Technology Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R25/00Arrangements for measuring phase angle between a voltage and a current or between voltages or currents

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  • the present invention relates to the technical field of synchronous phasor measurement in power systems, and in particular, to a method and system for synchronous phasor measurement incorporating a Hamming window.
  • WAMS Wide area measurement system
  • PMU-phasor measurement unit can realize real-time off-site synchronous measurement and transmission of power grid phasors, which is the basic implementation of the WAMS system.
  • the accuracy of the synchronous phasor measurement method will directly affect the application effect of the WAMS system. And its scope of application, therefore, synchronous phasor measurement methods are the research focus and hotspot in this field.
  • the power system phasor measurement methods include instantaneous value method, zero-crossing detection method, digital filter method, discrete Fourier transform method (DFT), etc.DFT method has significant advantages in suppressing harmonics and is widely used in In PMU devices of different voltage levels, however, when the system operating frequency is offset from the rated value by 50Hz, the sampling data received by the PMU using regular interval sampling cannot meet the entire cycle sampling conditions. The frequency leakage and aliasing problems of the DFT algorithm itself will cause There are large errors in the calculation of parameters such as frequency and phase, which seriously affects the accuracy of the synchronous phasor algorithm.
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform method
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a synchronous phasor measurement method and system incorporating a Hamming window, which is used to solve the problem of frequency leakage caused by Fourier transform in the application of phasor measurement.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a synchronous phasor measurement method incorporating a Hamming window, including the following steps:
  • the Hamming window function is:
  • the frequency leakage and frequency aliasing of the traditional DFT algorithm itself will cause large errors in the calculation of parameters such as frequency and phase, which will seriously affect the accuracy of the synchronous phasor algorithm.
  • the method of the invention can avoid the influence of frequency leakage, and the measurement of phasor and frequency has high accuracy, which is convenient for engineering implementation.
  • sampled signal is expressed as:
  • N is the number of AC sampling points per cycle, f 0 is the rated frequency of the system; ⁇ f is the frequency difference from the rated frequency within a data window; r is the sampling point at the current time, and k is the k-th point in a data window ;among them
  • the DFT operation method for the sampled signal is:
  • the three-phase phasors A, B, and C synthesize positive sequence phasors
  • the frequency difference is obtained according to the angle difference to obtain the actual frequency.
  • the method is to take positive sequence voltage phasors with an interval of ⁇ t as (x 1 , y 1 ) and (x 2 , y 2 ), then the two are synchronized.
  • the angular difference of the phasors is:
  • arctan [(x 1 y 2 -x 2 y 1 ) / (x 1 x 2 + y 1 y 2 )]
  • the frequency measurement values f 1 and f 2 with an interval of ⁇ t 2 are selected, and the obtained change rate values are:
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are set values, and ⁇ is taken as 0.46.
  • the present invention also provides a synchronous phasor measurement system incorporating a Hamming window, which includes a processor and a memory, and the processor executes instructions stored in the memory to implement the above method.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method of the present invention
  • Figure 2a is a comparison diagram of phasors before and after correction at a frequency deviation of 47Hz;
  • Figure 2b is a comparison diagram of phasors before and after correction at a frequency deviation of 50 Hz;
  • Figure 2c is a comparison diagram of phasors before and after correction at a frequency deviation of 52Hz;
  • Figure 3a is a comparison of the frequency before and after phasor correction at a frequency deviation of 47Hz;
  • Figure 3b is a comparison of the frequency before and after phasor correction at a frequency deviation of 50Hz
  • Figure 3c is a comparison of the frequency before and after phasor correction at a frequency deviation of 52Hz;
  • Figure 4a is a comparison diagram of phasors before and after correction when the frequency deviation is 47Hz when harmonics are added;
  • Figure 4b is a comparison diagram of phasors before and after correction at a frequency deviation of 50 Hz when harmonics are added;
  • Figure 4c is a comparison diagram of phasors before and after correction at a frequency deviation of 52 Hz when harmonics are added;
  • Figure 5a is a comparison of the frequency before and after phasor correction at a frequency deviation of 47 Hz when harmonics are added;
  • Figure 5b is a comparison of the frequency before and after phasor correction at a frequency deviation of 50 Hz when harmonics are added;
  • Figure 5c is a comparison of the frequency before and after phasor correction at a frequency deviation of 52 Hz when harmonics are added.
  • FIG. 1 shows the method flowchart of the present invention. The implementation of this algorithm will be described in detail below.
  • A is the signal amplitude
  • f is the system frequency of 50 Hz
  • ⁇ f is the magnitude of the signal offset system frequency
  • n is the moment of the current sampling value
  • is the original phase of the signal.
  • N is the number of inherent sampling points of the weekly wave, and N is generally an even number.
  • the value given below is 48. That is, the sampling frequency of the weekly wave is 2400Hz.
  • the positive sequence voltage phasors obtained at intervals ⁇ t are (x 1 , y 1 ), (x 2 , y 2 ), and (x 1 , y 1 ), (x 2 , y 2 ) are vectors using algebraic formulas form. Then the angle difference between the two synchronized phasors is:
  • arctan [(x 1 y 2 -x 2 y 1 ) / (x 1 x 2 + y 1 y 2 )]
  • the frequency change rate is obtained.
  • the frequency measurement values f 1 and f 2 with an interval ⁇ t 2 are selected.
  • the obtained change rate values are:
  • the frequency change rate can also be calculated using the difference method.
  • a computer program will be prepared in accordance with the above method, and the computer program will be burned into the memory of the phasor measurement unit (PMU).
  • the processor of the phasor measurement unit executes the computer program
  • the present invention can realize
  • the synchronous phasor detection method and the PMU device adopting the synchronous phasor detection method of the present invention have high accuracy in phasor and frequency measurement.
  • Synchronous phasor measurement unit is a phasor measurement unit that uses the global positioning system second pulse as a synchronous clock. It can be used in power system dynamic monitoring, system protection, system analysis and prediction, etc. It is an important device to ensure the safe operation of the power grid.
  • the signal model after adding harmonics is:
  • the frequency deviation ⁇ f ranges from -5 to 5, and is substituted into the signal model in the embodiment and the signal model in which harmonic signals are added in the embodiment. Execute according to the above method, and finally draw the simulation result graph.
  • Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c are phasor comparison diagrams before and after correction at different frequency deviations.
  • Figures 4a, 4b, and 4c are comparison diagrams of phasors before and after correction at different frequency deviations when harmonics are added;
  • Figures 5a, 5b, and 5c are comparison diagrams of phasor frequencies before and after correction at different frequency deviations when harmonics are added; The correction results shown in the figure, after taking into account the system frequency offset, the calculation result is error-free. Even if harmonics are added, the calculation accuracy is still high without any filtering.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Frequencies, Analyzing Spectra (AREA)
  • Measuring Phase Differences (AREA)

Abstract

一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法及系统,涉及电力系统同步相量测量技术领域。采用定间隔采样,根据计算精度需求确定采样点后,引入汉明窗后进行循环离散傅里叶变换,求出相量修正系数,修正因系统频率偏移额定值造成频率泄露导致的计算误差,根据修正后相量值求取相位、系统频率、频率变化率、有功、无功功率等值,再将计算值打包成标准的动态数据报文发送出去。传统DFT算法本身的频率泄露、频率混叠问题将导致频率、相位等参数计算存在较大误差,严重影响同步相量算法精度。该方法能够避免频率泄露影响,相量和频率的测量具有较高的精度,便于工程实现。

Description

一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及电力系统同步相量测量技术领域,具体涉及一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法及系统。
背景技术
随着新能源电源的广泛接入、交流特高压、直流输电工程的快速发展,区域电网结构及全国电网的运行环境变得日渐复杂,电力系统动态运行条件下的实时监控就变得尤为重要,广域测量系统(Wide area measurement system,WAMS)作为电网动态实时监测的新技术和重要手段,能实时反映电网系统的动态变化,对电网的安全稳定运行起到重要作用,而基于全球定位系统同步授时的相量测量单元(PMU-phasor measurement unit)能实现电网相量的实时异地同步测量和传输,是WAMS系统的基础实现环节,而同步相量测量方法的精度将直接影响WAMS系统的应用效果及其适用范围,因此,同步相量测量方法是该领域的研究重点及热点。
目前,电力系统相量的测量方法主要有瞬时值法、过零点检测法、数字滤波法、离散傅里叶变换法(DFT)等,由于DFT法在抑制谐波上具有显著优势,广泛应用于不同电压等级的PMU装置中,然而当系统运行频率偏移额定值50Hz时,PMU采用定间隔采样接收到的采样数据无法满足整周期采样条件,DFT算法本身的频率泄露、频率混叠问题将导致频率、相位等参数计算存在较大误差,严重影响同步相量算法精度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法及系统,用于解决傅里叶变换在相量测量的应用中所产生的频率泄露的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法,包括以下步骤:
1)对于A、B、C三相采样信号,分别进行加窗,以进行DFT运算,得到A、B、C三相同步相量;加入窗函数的采样点值为:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000001
汉明窗函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000002
β=1-α
2)选取连续等间隔的3个同步相量,对所述A、B、C三相同步相量进行修正,求解出修正后的A、B、C三相同步相量;
3)根据所述修正后的A、B、C三相同步相量,合成正序相量;
4)选取两个正序相量,计算他们的角度差;
5)根据角度差,求频率差,从而得到实际频率及频率变化率。
本发明的有益效果:
传统DFT算法本身的频率泄露、频率混叠问题将导致频率、相位等参数计算存在较大误差,严重影响同步相量算法精度。本发明的方法能够避免频率泄露影响,相量和频率的测量具有较高的精度,便于工程实现。
进一步的,采样信号表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000003
设定:N为每周期交流采样点数,f 0为系统额定频率;Δf为一个数据窗时间内相对额定频率的频差;r为当前时刻采样点,k为r后一个数据窗中第k点;其中
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000004
进一步的,引入窗函数后,对采样信号进行DFT运算方法为:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000006
带入上式并化简得:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000007
第r个数据窗对应的同步相量为:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000009
表达式表达为:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000010
其中
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000011
进一步的,所述连续等间隔的3个同步相量
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000012
间隔为m,修正后相量值
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000013
表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000014
其中
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000018
c w(r)、coef为相关修正量值。
进一步的,A、B、C三相相量合成正序相量,
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000019
其中
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000020
分别为A、B、C三相同步相量,a=e j2π/3
进一步的,根据角度差,求频率差,从而得到实际频率方法为,取间隔为Δt的正序电压相量分别为(x 1,y 1)、(x 2,y 2),则两个同步相量的角度差为:
θ=arctan[(x 1y 2-x 2y 1)/(x 1x 2+y 1y 2)]
频率差:
Δf=θ/(2πΔt)
从而得到当前频率值:
f=50-Δf。
进一步的,根据计算出不同时刻频率测量值f,选取间隔为Δt 2的频率测量值f 1和f 2,得到的变化率值为:
df=(f 2-f 1)/Δt 2
进一步的,α、β为设定值,α取0.46。
本发明还提供了一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量系统,包括处理器和储存器,所述处理器执行存储在所述储存器中的指令以实现上述方法。
附图说明
图1是本发明的方法流程图;
图2a为频率偏差为47Hz下修正前后相量对比图;
图2b为频率偏差为50Hz下修正前后相量对比图;
图2c为频率偏差为52Hz下修正前后相量对比图;
图3a为频率偏差为47Hz下相量修正前后频率对比图;
图3b为频率偏差为50Hz下相量修正前后频率对比图;
图3c为频率偏差为52Hz下相量修正前后频率对比图;
图4a为加入谐波时频率偏差为47Hz下修正前后相量对比图;
图4b为加入谐波时频率偏差为50Hz下修正前后相量对比图;
图4c为加入谐波时频率偏差为52Hz下修正前后相量对比图;
图5a为加入谐波时频率偏差为47HZ下相量修正前后频率对比图;
图5b为加入谐波时频率偏差为50HZ下相量修正前后频率对比图;
图5c为加入谐波时频率偏差为52HZ下相量修正前后频率对比图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚,下面结合附图及实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
如图1所示为本发明的方法流程图,下面对此算法实现进行详细说明。
首先采集电网的一次信号,经PT、CT互感器变换后接入A/D采样插件,经A/D采样后获取原始采样信号x 0(n),根据计算精度需求,确定经A/D采样后,按照数据窗采样每周期交流采样点数N,除系统初始化的第一个周期外,任一采样点均可与它前N-1个采样点构成一个数据窗完成相关计算;根据系统确定的采样率,使用固定周期为20ms的汉明窗进行滑窗循环采样,获取计算所需信号x w(n),对x w(n)进行全周傅氏计算,得到原始采样相量
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000021
按照系统频率50Hz,交流电压、电流信号周期为20ms,为降低计算量,如采用间隔5ms抽取一个相量计算一次修正系数,根据计算出修正系数,对
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000022
进行修正,得到相量计算值
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000023
根据
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000024
计算相量幅值和相位及正、负、零序值,再用计算出正序值计算电压频率及频率变化率,根据需要计算有功、无功功率等其他量值,并打包成动态数据报文。
具体过程(包括理论推导)如下:
以A/D采样后的单相信号为例:
电力系统信号模型:
x(n)=A cos[2π(f+Δf)n+φ]
A为信号幅值,f为系统频率50Hz,Δf为信号偏移系统频率量值,n为当前采样值时刻,φ为信号原始相位。
汉明窗(Hamming)函数:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000025
由于工程应用中每周波采样点多采用24点、36点、48点、80点、96点等方式,N为每周波固有采样点数,N取值一般都为偶数,下面给定值为48,即每周波采样频率2400Hz。
进行DFT计算,求取原始相量值:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000026
根据A、B、C三相相量合成正、负和零序相量,
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000029
其中
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000030
分别为A、B、C三相同步相量,a=e j2π/3
选取间隔5ms的相量值(每隔12个点抽取一次)求取修正系数:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000032
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000033
式中m=12,
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000034
θ=-angle(e -jθm)/m,angle为相量相位计算函数。
求取修正后相量值:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000035
求取相量幅值、相位、频率等值;
求取的间隔为Δt的正序电压相量分别为(x 1,y 1)、(x 2,y 2),(x 1,y 1)、(x 2,y 2)为采用代数式的向量形式。则两个同步相量的角度差为:
θ=arctan[(x 1y 2-x 2y 1)/(x 1x 2+y 1y 2)]
Δf=θ/(2πΔt)
从而得到当前频率值:
f=50-Δf
根据计算得到的多个频率值,求取频率变化率,根据计算出不同时刻频率测量值f,选取间隔为Δt 2的频率测量值f 1和f 2,得到的变化率值为:
df=(f 2-f 1)/Δt 2
也可运用差分法计算频率变化率。
在工业运用中,将按照上述方法编制计算机程序,将计算机程序烧录到相量测量单元(PMU)的存储器中,相量测量单元的处理器执行上述计算机程序时,便可实现本发明提供的同步相量检测方法,采用本发明同步相量检测方法的PMU装置,在相量和频率测量上具有较高的精确度。
同步相量测量装置(PMU)是利用全球定位系统秒脉冲作为同步时钟构成的相量测量单元。可用于电力系统的动态监测、系统保护和系统分析及预测等领域,是保障电网安全运行的重要设备。
进行仿真试验:
选择如下信号模型:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000036
加入谐波后的信号模型为:
Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-000037
频率偏差Δf的范围在-5到5之间,代入实施例中的信号模型及实施例中加入谐波信号的信号模型中。根据以上方法执行,最终绘制得到仿真结果图。
选取47Hz、50Hz、52Hz计算数据,图2a、图2b、图2c为不同频率偏差下修正前后相量对比图,图3a、图3b、图3c为不同频率偏差下相量修正前后频率对比图,图4a、图4b、图4c为加入谐波时不同频率偏差下修正前后相量对比图,图5a、图5b、图5c为加入谐波时不同频率偏差下相量修正前后频率对比图;由附图所示修正结果,本算法在计及系统频率偏移后,计算结果无误差,即使加入谐波,在不进行任何滤波情况下,仍具有很高的计算精度。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的 权利要求来限定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
    1)对于A、B、C三相采样信号,用汉明窗函数分别进行加窗,以进行DFT运算,得到A、B、C三相同步相量;加窗的采样点值为:
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100001
    所述汉明窗函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100002
    β=1-α
    2)选取连续等间隔的3个同步相量,对所述A、B、C三相同步相量进行修正,求解出修正后的A、B、C三相同步相量;
    3)根据所述修正后的A、B、C三相同步相量,合成正序相量;
    4)选取两个正序相量,计算他们的角度差;
    5)根据角度差,求频率差,从而得到实际频率及频率变化率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法,其特征在于,所述采样信号表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100003
    设定:N为每周期交流采样点数,f 0为系统额定频率;Δf为一个数据窗时间内相对额定频率的频差;r为当前时刻采样点,k为r后一个数据窗中第k点;
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100004
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法,其特征在于,所述对采样信号进行DFT运算方法为:
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100006
    带入上式并化简得:
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100007
    第r个数据窗对应的同步相量为:
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100009
    表达式表达为:
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100010
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100011
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法,其特征在于,所述连续等间隔的3个同步相量
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100012
    间隔为m,修正后相量值
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100013
    表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100014
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100016
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100017
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100018
    c w(r)、coef为相关修正量值。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法,其特征在于,所述A、B、C三相相量合成正序相量,
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100019
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2019094304-appb-100020
    分别为A、B、C三相同步相量,a=e j2π/3
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法,其特征在于,两个间隔为Δt的正序电压相量(x 1,y 1)、(x 2,y 2)的角度差为:
    θ=arctan[(x 1y 2-x 2y 1)/(x 1x 2+y 1y 2)]
    频率差:
    Δf=θ/(2πΔt)
    从而得到当前频率值:
    f=50-Δf。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法,其特征在于,根据计算出不同时刻频率测量值f,选取间隔为Δt 2的频率测量值f 1和f 2,得到的变化率值为:
    df=(f 2-f 1)/Δt 2
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量方法,其特征在于,所述α、β为设定值,α取0.46。
  9. 一种加入汉明窗的同步相量测量系统,包括处理器和储存器,其特征在于,所述处理器执行存储在所述储存器中的指令以实现权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法。
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