WO2019225606A1 - Procédé de germination de graines, procédé de culture de plantes, graine et procédé de production de graines, et riz - Google Patents

Procédé de germination de graines, procédé de culture de plantes, graine et procédé de production de graines, et riz Download PDF

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WO2019225606A1
WO2019225606A1 PCT/JP2019/020117 JP2019020117W WO2019225606A1 WO 2019225606 A1 WO2019225606 A1 WO 2019225606A1 JP 2019020117 W JP2019020117 W JP 2019020117W WO 2019225606 A1 WO2019225606 A1 WO 2019225606A1
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Prior art keywords
seed
water
plant
rice
germination
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PCT/JP2019/020117
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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薫 寺澤
宏樹 池田
達観 下野
英樹 柴
榊原　巨規
谷崎　美江
泰教 助清
祐子 宇野
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三菱ケミカル・クリンスイ株式会社
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Priority to JP2020521254A priority Critical patent/JPWO2019225606A1/ja
Publication of WO2019225606A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019225606A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a seed germination method, a plant cultivation method, a seed and seed production method, and rice.
  • the yield increases if any of the four yield components improves. However, each yield component is actually related, such as “ripening yield” and “thousand grain weight” decrease as “number of rice cakes” increases. In addition, even if any of the yield components increases, the yield may decrease if the rice plant itself falls.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a seed germination method, a plant cultivation method, and a seed capable of improving the growth of the plant during cultivation.
  • the present invention has the following configuration.
  • a seed germination method comprising a step of contacting a seed with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the method for cultivating a plant according to [2], wherein the germinated seed is grown using water having an electric conductivity of greater than 50 ⁇ S / cm.
  • the plant cultivation method according to [3], wherein the seed is a gramineous seed.
  • the method for cultivating a plant according to [4], wherein the seed is a rice seed pod.
  • the seed according to [6] which has germinated.
  • the wheat is barley such as Nijo barley, Rojo barley, and bare wheat, wheat, oats, and rye.
  • a method for producing a seed comprising a step of contacting the seed with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the growth of the plant during cultivation can be improved.
  • the seeds used in the seed germination method of the present invention are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include gramineous, eggplant, cucurbitaceae, chrysanthemum, cruciferous, cericaceae, rose, mallow, leguminous, redwood, lily
  • the seed germination method of the present invention is effective for seed germination of rice, particularly paddy rice seeds and wheat.
  • Examples of wheat include barley such as Nijo barley, Rojo barley, and bare wheat, wheat, oats, and rye.
  • the seeds used in the seed germination method of the present invention are eggplant, cucurbitaceae, asteraceae, Brassicaceae, ceraceae, rose, mallow, legumes, akaza, lily, convolvulaceae, ginger, Examples include seeds such as Lamiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Palmaceae, Nassiaceae, Gentianaceae, Iridaceae, Murasakidae, Orchidaceae, Azalea. These plants are suitable for cultivation in plant factories.
  • the present invention may be applied to cultivation in a plant factory.
  • the present invention When the present invention is applied to cultivation in a plant factory, it is effective for germination of Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Seriaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, etc. with a short cultivation period.
  • plants of these varieties include spinach, lettuce, komatsuna, sardana, mizuna, arugula, coriander, beet, shungiku, Chinese cabbage, and chinsai.
  • the seeds used in the present invention are preferably leaf vegetables, fruit vegetables, and florets.
  • leafy vegetables with a short cultivation period are preferable because the effects of the present invention can be easily enjoyed.
  • leaf vegetable plants include spinach, lettuce, komatsuna, sardana, mizuna, arugula, coriander, beet, shungiku, Chinese cabbage, and pak choi.
  • the seed is germinated by contacting water with an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • an electric conductivity of water which is brought into contact with seeds at the time of germination 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the seedlings can be grown greatly, such as the plant height and stem diameter of the seedlings after germination are increased.
  • the root amount and root length of the seedling can be increased, it is possible to produce a seedling with firmly rooted.
  • the seedling raising period can be shortened.
  • the growth of plants can be improved and the productivity of plant cultivation can be improved.
  • the seed By bringing water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less into contact with the seed, the seed can absorb water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, and the seed can contain water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the contact method with an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less is not particularly limited, and a method of immersing the seed in water with an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, a method of applying water with an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less to the seed, Examples thereof include a method of contacting with a water-containing medium containing water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the electrical conductivity of water to be brought into contact with the seed may be 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ S / cm or less, further preferably 15 ⁇ S / cm or less, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ S / cm or less. Preferably, it is most preferably 1 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • Examples of the method for measuring the electrical conductivity of water include an electrode method and an electromagnetic induction method.
  • the water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less is not particularly limited.
  • filtered water using a filtration membrane such as a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane), an electrodialysis membrane, an NF membrane (nanofiltration membrane), or a zeolite membrane.
  • RO membrane reverse osmosis membrane
  • NF membrane nanofiltration membrane
  • zeolite membrane a filtration membrane
  • Ion-exchange resin treated water distilled water, treated water by a combination of these, and the like.
  • filtered water using an RO membrane and ion-exchange resin-treated water are suitable.
  • the raw water used when producing water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less is not particularly limited, and includes groundwater such as tap water and well water, spring water, river water, surface water such as agricultural water, and the like. These raw waters may be used as they are in a water purifier or the like and the electric conductivity is 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the seed germination method of the present invention it is preferable that after the seed is brought into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, the seed is kept in contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less until germination. More preferably, the seeds are immersed in water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less until germination. Thereby, the effect of the present invention can be obtained more effectively.
  • seed germination processes are generally (1) 1st period (A phase: water absorption period), (2) 2nd period (B phase: germination preparation period), and (3) 3rd period ( C phase: growth period).
  • the first period water absorption period
  • the second period Phase B: germination preparation period
  • the second period can be further divided into two phases, the first half (B1 phase) and the second half (B2 phase).
  • the first half (phase B1) is a period involving a metabolic system that regulates embryo growth.
  • phase B2 is a time when carbohydrate metabolism is exclusively performed, and germination occurs when the phase is completed.
  • phase C growth period
  • the third period is a period in which young germs and young roots grow vigorously after germination.
  • the step of bringing seeds into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less means that the first stage of germination (phase A: water absorption period) has begun. Until the second stage of the germination process (phase B: germination preparation period) is completed (immediately before germination), the seed is brought into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the second stage (B phase: germination preparation) If the seed is brought into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less before reaching the period, the effect of the present invention is exhibited.
  • the seeds before reaching the second stage (B phase: germination preparation stage), the seeds are dried after contacting the seed with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, and then the second stage (B phase: If the seed is brought into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less before reaching the germination preparation period, the effect of the present invention is exhibited.
  • the water in contact may exceed the electrical conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm, but if the water used at the start of contact is an electrical conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less Well, after contact, even if the electric conductivity exceeds 50 ⁇ S / cm, the effect of the present invention is exhibited. After contacting water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, water having an electric conductivity exceeding 50 ⁇ S / cm may be contacted.
  • the seed is contacted with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less from the start of the first stage (A phase: water absorption period) to the end of the B1 phase period.
  • the seed is contacted with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less from the start of the first stage (A phase: water absorption period) to the end of the first stage (A phase: water absorption period).
  • it refers to a step of bringing seeds into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less from the beginning of the first period (water absorption period).
  • Seeds are usually disinfected before germination to reduce the risk of pathogenic germs.
  • the seed disinfection step may be performed before the germination step.
  • the method for disinfecting the seed is not particularly limited, and a known method such as a method of immersing in a chemical solution, a method of spraying or spraying a drug, a hot water disinfection method, a cold water hot water bath method, a bath water bath method, a dry heat method, or the like. Can be adopted.
  • medical agent the chemical
  • the seed germination method of the present invention will be described by taking the case of germinating rice seed pods as an example.
  • water having an electrical conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less from the viewpoint of easy germination in a state where water having an electrical conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less is sufficiently contained in the seed pods.
  • the seed pods may be sown on the floor soil, and water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less may be applied to the floor soil, thereby bringing the seed into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less may be contained in a medium other than soil, such as wood pulp, rock wool, or chaff, and the water-containing medium may be brought into contact with the seed meal.
  • the seed germination method of this example has the following steps (a) to (d).
  • Seeds with rich contents are selected using specific gravity. Specifically, seed pods are put into salt water, seed pods floating in salt water are discarded, and seed potatoes submerged in salt water are collected. In salt water selection, it is preferable to stir the salt water containing the seed soy from the viewpoint that it is easy to remove the bubbles embraced by the seed. It is preferable to wash the seed pod collected by salt water well with water.
  • the soaking is performed so that the condition of T ⁇ D ⁇ 100 is satisfied, where the temperature of water is T (° C.) and the accumulated time of soaking is D (day). Thereby, seed buds can be germinated more stably.
  • the water temperature T during the soaking is preferably 10 to 15 ° C. If the temperature T of the water during soaking is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the seed can be germinated more stably. If the temperature T of the water during the soaking is not more than the upper limit of the above range, it is easy to suppress the occurrence of bacterial diseases or the death of the seed pods.
  • the electric conductivity of water before and after the replacement may be the same or different as long as it is 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • Germination After soaking, the seed buds are germinated by sprouting while maintaining the germination state. Germination can be performed using a known method. From the viewpoint of encouraging germination all at once, for example, germination is preferably performed at a temperature of 20 ° C. to 35 ° C., preferably 30 ° C., for 1 to 2 days.
  • the germination state of the seed pod is preferably in the shape of a hat.
  • water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less may be used, or water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 ⁇ S / cm may be used. That is, after contacting the seed with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, the contacted water may exceed the electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm due to elution of adhering substances on the seed surface. It may be used for germination.
  • the temperature of water in sprouting is preferably 28 to 34 ° C, more preferably 30 to 32 ° C. If the temperature of water in germination is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the germination efficiency of the seed buds is increased. If the temperature of water in germination is not more than the upper limit of the above range, it is easy to suppress the occurrence of bacterial diseases or the death of seed pods.
  • the seed is germinated by contacting water with an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less. Thereby, the growth of the plant after germination improves.
  • the pods per grain increase and the number of pods per spike increases.
  • the groin diameter of the ear of rice is increased, the lodging of the ear of rice is suppressed even if the size and number of pods are improved. From these, the yield of straw is improved.
  • germination of seeds is promoted by allowing seeds to contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less to germinate.
  • the plant cultivation method of the present invention is a method of cultivating a plant using seeds germinated by the seed germination method of the present invention.
  • the plant cultivation method of the present invention can employ known cultivation methods depending on the type of plant, except that seeds germinated by the seed germination method of the present invention are used.
  • the plant cultivation method of the present invention can be applied to paddy rice cultivation in fields such as paddy fields, fields, orchards, cultivation of vegetables, fruits, etc., as well as hydroponics in facilities such as factories. .
  • the cultivation method of the present invention is effective for cultivation using the rice seeds germinated by the germination method of the present invention, in particular, paddy rice seeds and wheat.
  • the following method is an example of rice cultivation.
  • the seed buds germinated by the germination method of the present invention are uniformly sown, and the sowing seed pods are covered so that the seed pods are sufficiently hidden. Raise seedlings until they are fully grown, and plant the grown seedlings in paddy fields. It is preferable to grow seedlings until the seedlings are sufficiently grown to a state where they can be planted (rice planted). After that, it is preferable to plant the seedlings that have been raised in a rice field (field).
  • water used for cultivation of plants after germination such as seedlings after germination
  • water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less may be used, or water having an electric conductivity of greater than 50 ⁇ S / cm may be used.
  • the germinated seeds may be bred using water having an electric conductivity of greater than 50 ⁇ S / cm.
  • the raw water mentioned above may be used as it is for the water used at this time, and the nutrient solution containing the nutrient for improving the growth after a seedling may be used.
  • the plant cultivation method of the present invention since the seeds germinated by the seed germination method of the present invention are used, the growth of the plants after germination is improved.
  • the electric conductivity of water used when germinating seeds is only controlled to 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, and the electric conductivity of water after that may be larger than 50 ⁇ S / cm. But it is advantageous. Therefore, when germinating, use water with an electrical conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less to improve growth, and then use water with an electrical conductivity of greater than 50 ⁇ S / cm for subsequent seedlings and further for the steps after seedling. Therefore, plants can be cultivated suitably at an advantageous cost with good work efficiency.
  • seed germination method examples include brown rice from which the seed husks have been removed, and a method in which the surface layer of the brown rice is further removed and contacted with water, followed by germination to germinate.
  • the surface layer of the brown rice is further removed and contacted with water, followed by germination to germinate.
  • removing the surface layer part of the brown rice is to make a part of the surface layer part such as making a hole in a part of the surface layer part, scratching a part, cutting a part, etc. It also includes application.
  • either the outer ray portion or the inner ray portion may be removed, or both the outer ray portion and the inner ray portion may be removed.
  • the water brought into contact with the seed pods from which the rice husk has been removed is preferably water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less. Note that water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 ⁇ S / cm may be brought into contact with the seed pods from which the rice husks have been removed.
  • only the outer skin part may be removed, or both the skin part and the inner seed skin part may be removed.
  • the water to be brought into contact with the brown rice from which the surface layer portion has been removed is preferably water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less. In addition, you may make the water larger than 50 microsiemens / cm contact with the brown rice which removed the surface layer part.
  • the method using the seed husks from which the rice husks have been removed is the use of the seed husks from which the rice husks have been removed, and the water to be contacted may be water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less or water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 ⁇ S / cm.
  • the above-described germination method of the present invention can be used in the same manner.
  • the method of using brown rice from which the surface layer portion has been removed is to use brown rice from which the surface layer portion has been removed, and the water to be contacted may be water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less or water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 ⁇ S / cm. Except for the above, it is possible to adopt the same mode as the germination method of the present invention described above.
  • brown rice from which rice husks of seed pods have been removed has been taken as an example, grains other than rice, for example, barley hulls and seeds from which wheat skins have been removed may be used.
  • seed germination method examples include a method of soaking seeds and water while applying pressure and performing germination to germinate. By applying pressure to the whole during the soaking, the degree of water contact with the seed is increased, and water easily penetrates into the seed, so that germination is promoted.
  • the pressure applied during soaking can be set as appropriate.
  • the water brought into contact with the seed while applying pressure is preferably water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less. Note that water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 ⁇ S / cm may be brought into contact with the seed.
  • the method of soaking while applying pressure is that pressure is applied at the time of soaking, and the water to be contacted may be water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less or water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 ⁇ S / cm, It can be set as the aspect similar to the germination method of the above-mentioned this invention.
  • sowing may be conducted while applying pressure to the seeds and water.
  • the present invention includes a method for growing and harvesting a plant through cultivation including a germination step including a step of bringing a seed into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • a germination step including a step of bringing a seed into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • the growth of plants can be improved, and for example, the productivity of plants such as leaves and plants that bear fruit can be improved.
  • a seed production method including the step of bringing the seed into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less is also within the scope of the present invention. Regarding the step of bringing the seed into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, the description will not be repeated in accordance with the description of the seed germination method according to the present invention.
  • the seed obtained by the production method of the present invention has water with an electric conductivity of more than 50 ⁇ S / cm, for example, water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 ⁇ S / cm at the time of germination even when grown using the above-mentioned raw water as it is. Growth is better than using seeds germinated in That is, seeds suitable for growth can be obtained by the production method of the present invention.
  • water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less is brought into contact with seeds that are directly sown on the cultivated land before direct sowing. Thereafter, the seeds are directly sown and the seeds germinate in the cultivated land.
  • the seeds that have been brought into contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less may be directly sown, or the germinated seeds may be sown directly. Since the seed is in contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, the growth is good. Therefore, according to this embodiment, when using seeds that are directly sown on the cultivated land, good growth can be realized.
  • the seed may be sterilized before contacting with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less.
  • a method of disinfecting seeds for example, a method of immersing in a chemical solution, a method of powdering or spraying a drug, a hot water disinfection method, a cold water hot water bath method, a bath water bath method, a dry heat method, or the like may be adopted. Can do.
  • Plant cultivation method it is preferable that seeds are directly sown (directly sown) on a cultivated land such as a field (alley cultivated land).
  • a cultivated land such as a field (alley cultivated land).
  • plants include wheat and vegetables.
  • the plant harvesting method according to this embodiment is a method of harvesting a plant cultivated using seeds germinated by the seed germination method of the present invention. It does not specifically limit as a method of harvesting a plant, A well-known method is employable.
  • the plant cultivation method according to this embodiment is a method of cultivating seedlings for planting using seeds germinated by the seed germination method of the present invention. Since seeds are in contact with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, seedlings for planting grow well. The seeds are preferably sown in seedlings such as seedling pods for raising seedlings.
  • the seedlings for planting are preferably transplanted and cultured in a medium.
  • the culture medium include cultivated land such as fields and cultivation media such as plant factories.
  • plants include vegetables.
  • the plant harvesting method according to the present embodiment is a method of growing a planted seedling for planting, and harvesting the grown plant. It does not specifically limit as a method of harvesting a plant, A well-known method is employable.
  • the crops obtained by each method of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • the obtained rice is also within the scope of the present invention.
  • rice having an average sized total length of 5.3 mm or more and an average heart rate of 88% or more can be suitably obtained.
  • the present invention includes a grafted seedling production method in which a grafted seedling is produced using the plant cultivated by the above-described methods as a rootstock, and a grafted seedling produced by the grafted seedling production method.
  • the method for producing the grafted seedling can be suitably used for fruit vegetables using the grafted seedling.
  • fruit vegetables include cucumbers such as melon, watermelon, and cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and bell pepper.
  • Example 1 As the seeds, Koshihikari rice seeds were used. The seed pods were sterilized and air-dried, and seeded with water having an electric conductivity of 2 ⁇ S / cm or less (25 ° C.). In soaking, 28 kg of seed pods were soaked in 48 L of water. The water temperature in the soaking seed was kept at 10 ° C. to 15 ° C., and the electric conductivity of 2 ⁇ S / cm or less was used for all the water exchange. The soaking period was 10 days. After soaking, the water temperature was raised to 30 ° C. to germinate and germinate.
  • the germinated seed pods were sown on the bed soil in the seedling box, covered with soil and grown, and the fully grown seedlings were planted and cultivated in an outdoor paddy field, and the matured rice was harvested.
  • water having an electrical conductivity of 77 ⁇ S / cm drawn from agricultural water was used.
  • Table 1 shows the average culm length, average culm diameter, average number of culm per ear, and average culm length of harvested rice. In addition, about the average pod length, the average pod diameter, and the average number of pods per ear, it was set as the average of the value measured about 10 rice ears selected at random. Further, the average value of the longest diameters of 10 randomly selected wrinkles was defined as the average length of the wrinkles. Table 1 also shows the average rice paddy length, average culm diameter, average number of pods per head, and average cocoon length in common Koshihikari rice.
  • the state where the ear of rice was upright was evaluated as 0, the state where the ear of rice was completely lying down was set as 4, and the inclination of the ear of rice was evaluated by equally dividing the inclination angle.
  • Example 1 in which seed buds were germinated using water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less, the growth was good compared to general Koshihikari rice, and the harvested pods were large, and the average The number of straw was large and the yield was improved. Moreover, although the average culm length of rice ears was long and the number of culms was large, the average groin diameter of rice ears was thick, and the degree of lodging was almost 3 or less.
  • Example 2 germinated using water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less were seedlings of Comparative Example 1 germinated using well water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 ⁇ S / cm.
  • the plant height was higher, the stem diameter was larger, and the growth was better.
  • Example 3 As test soil, a nourishment soil prepared by mixing red jade soil / humus soil at a ratio (volume ratio) of 2/1 was prepared. The test soil was put in a plastic bucket, and tap water (electric conductivity 71 ⁇ S / cm) was added so that the water could be collected on the surface of the soil to prepare a simple paddy field for testing. One seedling grown in Example 2 was planted in the simple paddy field and cultivated. After 20 days, the lodging angle of the seedling was measured under a wind speed of 13 m / sec. The lodging angle of the seedling was 15 degrees.
  • Comparative Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 3 except that the seedlings grown in Comparative Example 1 were used in place of the seedlings grown in Example 2, the seedlings were surrendered in a wind speed of 13 m / second 20 days after planting the seedlings. The angle was measured. The lodging angle of the seedling was 33 degrees.
  • Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 are compared, the seedling of Example 3 germinated using water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less is Comparative Example 2 germinated using well water having an electric conductivity of more than 50.
  • the lodging angle was smaller than that of the seedlings and the growth of the seedlings was better.
  • Example 4 Three seedlings grown in Example 2 were planted in a paddy field as one strain and cultivated. At the time of cultivation, water having an electrical conductivity of 184 ⁇ S / cm drawn from agricultural water was used. 36 days after rice planting, the number of tillers of each seedling in each strain was measured for 10 strains planted continuously, and the average value was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. A seedling tiller is a side branch generated from a joint of a stem close to the root.
  • Comparative Example 3 The average number of tillers 36 days after planting seedlings in a paddy field in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the seedlings grown in Comparative Example 1 were used instead of the seedlings grown in Example 2 The value was determined. The results are shown in FIG.
  • the seedling of Example 4 germinated using water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less is the seedling of Comparative Example 3 germinated using well water having an electric conductivity exceeding 50 ⁇ S / cm.
  • the average number of tillers was higher than that of, and seedling growth was better.
  • Example 5 The inside of a cylindrical container having a diameter of 40 mm and a height of 80 mm was filled with water having an electric conductivity of 2 ⁇ S / cm or less. The length of the cotyledon sheath of the germinated seed pod after standing was measured. The average length of the cotyledon sheaths of 10 seed pods after standing under the same conditions is shown in FIG.
  • Example 5 As shown in FIG. 2, the cotyledon sheath of Example 5 seeded with water having an electric conductivity of 50 ⁇ S / cm or less was germinated with water having an electric conductivity of more than 50 ⁇ S / cm. It was longer than the coleoptiles of the seed pods, and the growth was better.
  • Examples 6 to 9, Comparative Examples 5 and 6 As seeds, 29 fine weather in Japan was used. Ten seed pods and 100 mL of each sample water of Examples 6 to 9 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6 were prepared in a glass bottle so that there were 4 bottles every measurement day. Each sample water was placed in a plastic case in a random state in a plastic case for light shielding, and stored in a thermostatic bath at 15 ° C. The seed pods were taken out from each sample water on the 13th, and the length of the coleoptile sheath was measured. The results are shown in FIG. When stored in a thermostatic chamber, the position of the plastic case was changed appropriately every 3 to 4 days. Table 3 shows the electric conductivity of each sample water of Examples 6 to 9 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6.
  • each sample water of Examples 6 to 9 is treated with raw water (Toyohashi City tap water) using a pure water device (C-10P manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Aqua Solution Co., Ltd., filter medium: Diaion MIX product). It was produced by.
  • the water of Comparative Example 5 is tap water obtained in Toyohashi City, and the water of Comparative Example 6 is well water obtained in Kyotango City.
  • Example 10 Comparative Example 7
  • the seeds of 500 million stone rice were sterilized and then air-dried, and seeded with water having an electric conductivity of 2 ⁇ S / cm or less (25 ° C.). It obtained by processing using well water (electric conductivity 73 microsiemens / cm) using Example 6 and a pure water device.
  • the water temperature in the seed was kept at 10 ° C. to 15 ° C., and water having an electric conductivity of 2 ⁇ S / cm or less was used for all the water exchanges.
  • the soaking period was 10 days. After soaking, the water temperature was raised to 30 ° C. to germinate and germinate.
  • Seed germinated seed pods are sown on the floor soil in a seedling box, covered with soil and cultivated in well water (electric conductivity 73 ⁇ S / cm), planted in well-grown seedlings in an outdoor paddy field, and harvested rice It was. During cultivation, water drawn from agricultural water was used. The agricultural water supplied to the paddy field was water larger than 50 ⁇ S / cm.
  • Comparative Example 7 was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 10 except that well water (electrical conductivity: 73 ⁇ S / cm) was used for soaking and sprouting, and sowing was carried out in the field.
  • well water electrical conductivity: 73 ⁇ S / cm
  • Example 10 For evaluation, one strain from those cultivated under the conditions of Example 10 and one strain from those cultivated under the conditions of Comparative Example 7 were planted (rice planted) in the field, and the yield of harvested ears of rice was calculated. Compared. The items compared were the number of straws, the number of sized grains, the weight, the total length, the width, the thickness, the heart white rate, and the thousand grain weight of brown rice. One strain of Example 10 had 17 spikes. One spike of Comparative Example 7 had 13 spikes. The results are shown in Table 4. The “average” shown in Table 4 is an average value of whole grain measurement. The total sized particle size was measured using a digital caliper. The heart white rate was measured with a rice grain fluoroscope.
  • Example 10 had a larger number of spikes and a larger size per grain.
  • the rice of Example 10 had an average sized total length of 5.3 mm or more and an average heart rate of 88% or more.
  • Example 11 Seed sterilization (Yamada Nishiki) is immersed in a disinfectant diluted with tap water for 24 hours to disinfect the seeds, and then the water for immersing the seeds in water having an electrical conductivity of 3 ⁇ S / cm or less (25 ° C.) It was replaced and soaked. It obtained by processing using tap water (electrical conductivity 142 microsiemens / cm) using Example 6 and a pure water device. The water temperature in the seed was kept at 10 ° C. to 15 ° C., and water having an electric conductivity of 2 ⁇ S / cm or less was used for all the water exchanges. The soaking period was 10 days. After soaking, the water temperature was raised to 30 ° C. to germinate and germinate.
  • Example 8 seeding and germination were performed under the same conditions as in Example 11 except that tap water (electric conductivity 142 ⁇ S / cm) was used for seeding and germination.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the result of observing seedling roots.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the root length of seedlings.
  • the amount of root in Example 11 was larger than that in Comparative Example 8.
  • the root weight of Example 11 was 1.2 times or more that of Comparative Example 8.
  • the length of the root of Example 11 was longer than that of Comparative Example 8.
  • Each 288-well cell tray was filled with an appropriate amount of a seeding medium, seeded with 5 or more seeds of spinach seeds, and covered with soil. In each of Example 12 and Comparative Example 9, this was performed so that a total of four cell trays were provided. Subsequently, using the water shown in Table 5, the water was irrigated from above so as to be 1000 ml per cell tray.
  • the cell tray is transferred to a multistage shelf-type seedling device in a closed seedling facility (“Nae Terrace” (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Agridream Co., Ltd.), which is a practical seedling production facility, and the seedling raising process is carried out for 8 days. Went. That is, the seedling raising process was performed using artificial light in the light-shielding structure.
  • the light environment was 12 hours and the dark environment was 12 hours in one day.
  • the temperature in the light-shielding structure was set to 22 ° C. in a bright environment and 19 ° C. in a dark environment.
  • the CO 2 concentration in the light-shielding structure was 1000 ppm in both the bright environment and the dark environment.
  • irrigation was performed at a rate of 600 seconds / day by applying a nutrient solution prepared to an electrical conductivity of 1500 ⁇ S / cm (1.5 mS / cm).
  • the field is a greenhouse having a hydroponic cultivation system (“Napperland” (registered trademark) 6) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Agridream Co., Ltd.
  • the cultivation bed is installed with a gradient of about 1/100 so as to have a running water gradient from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction.
  • the cultivation bed has a thin film hydroponic mechanism which has a flowing water channel from the upstream to the downstream in the longitudinal direction of this cultivation bed row.
  • a nutrient solution prepared to have an electrical conductivity of 3000 ⁇ S / cm (EC 3.0 dS / m) (temperature: 20 ° C., nitrate nitrogen: 14 me / L, phosphoric acid: 4 me / L, potassium: 10 me / L) was used.
  • This nutrient solution was supplied at a flow rate of 10 liters per minute to a cultivation bed in which plants were planted.
  • Example 6 As shown in Table 6, according to Example 1 in which water at the time of germination was set to have an electric conductivity of 5 ⁇ S / cm, even when the germination process period was shortened, the maximum leaf length and the number of leaves of harvested leaf vegetables were sufficient. I understood. That is, it was shown that the germination period in plant cultivation or seedling raising can be shortened.
  • Example 13 Cultivation of Example 13 was performed under the same conditions as Example 12 except that the germination process days and seedling process days were as shown in Table 7. The results are shown in Table 7.
  • Table 7 shows that according to the method of the present invention, the maximum leaf length and the number of leaves of the harvested leaf vegetables are sufficient even if the seedling raising period is shortened. That is, it was shown that the raising period can be shortened.
  • the seedlings grown by the method of the present invention were found to have thick shafts, good rooting, no leaves that stretched, the ground part was tight, and the roots were dense.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de germination de graines, un procédé de culture de plantes et une graine qui permettent d'améliorer la croissance. Un procédé de germination de graines selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention comprend une étape consistant à mettre en contact une graine avec de l'eau ayant une conductivité électrique inférieure ou égale à 50 µS/cm. L'invention concerne également un procédé de culture de plantes dans lequel une plante est cultivée en utilisant une graine qui a germé par le procédé de germination de graines selon la présente invention. Le procédé de germination de graines et le procédé de culture de plantes selon la présente invention sont efficaces lorsque la graine est une graine de Poaceae et sont plus efficaces lorsque la graine est une graine de riz paddy.
PCT/JP2019/020117 2018-05-21 2019-05-21 Procédé de germination de graines, procédé de culture de plantes, graine et procédé de production de graines, et riz WO2019225606A1 (fr)

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CN113016270B (zh) * 2021-05-07 2022-03-15 上海农科种子种苗有限公司 一种种子萌发方法
CN118044458A (zh) * 2024-04-16 2024-05-17 蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 一种牧草快繁生产的方法

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