WO2019223389A1 - 一种巷道围岩支护强度试验装置及强度确定方法 - Google Patents

一种巷道围岩支护强度试验装置及强度确定方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019223389A1
WO2019223389A1 PCT/CN2019/076522 CN2019076522W WO2019223389A1 WO 2019223389 A1 WO2019223389 A1 WO 2019223389A1 CN 2019076522 W CN2019076522 W CN 2019076522W WO 2019223389 A1 WO2019223389 A1 WO 2019223389A1
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loading
pressure
test piece
unit
impact
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘学生
宋世琳
谭云亮
顾清恒
范德源
宁建国
江宁
王俊
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of surrounding rock support of a roadway, in particular to a testing device for strength of a surrounding rock of a roadway and a method for determining strength.
  • the design of roadway support strength is an important parameter in the design of roadway support. It is of great significance to give full play to the superiority of roadway support measures and ensure the safety of roadway. If the support strength is too high, it will waste support materials, increase support costs, and affect the progress of excavation; if the support strength is not enough, the surrounding rock deformation cannot be effectively controlled, and disasters such as gangs and roofs will occur. Selecting the proper support strength of the roadway can maintain the integrity of the surrounding rock of the roadway, effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, and avoid the failure of the supporting means due to the loosening or impact damage of the surrounding rock.
  • the engineering analogy method is based on the existing roadway project, and the support strength parameters of the new project are proposed by analogy. This method mainly relies on the existing successful experience to design. Because the actual conditions of the roadway are different, the support obtained by this method is different. The intensity is not optimal.
  • the theoretical calculation method is based on some supporting theories, such as suspension theory, composite beam theory and reinforced arch theory. The supporting parameters are calculated to determine the supporting strength. Because the existing support theories often have certain limitations and conditions of use, and it is difficult to accurately and reliably determine some parameters required for calculation. Therefore, the design results based on theoretical calculations can only be used as a reference in many cases.
  • the invention mainly solves the technical problems existing in the prior art, thereby providing a simple operation and high accuracy test device for supporting strength of surrounding rock of a roadway.
  • the invention also provides a method for determining the support strength by using the test device.
  • the test device for supporting strength of roadway surrounding rock includes:
  • the load-bearing frame unit includes a base, an upright and a cross beam, the uprights are vertically arranged on both sides of the upper surface of the base, and the crossbeam is horizontally fixed at the upper part of the upright;
  • An axial pressure loading unit which is fixed at an intermediate position on the upper surface of the base and is used to apply a bottom-up axial pressure to the test piece;
  • An impact loading unit which is fixed on the beam and is used to apply a top-down axial impact load to the test piece;
  • a confining pressure loading unit which is arranged between the axial pressure loading unit and the impact loading unit, and includes a lateral confining pressure loading unit and a longitudinal confining pressure loading unit for applying a confining pressure in a horizontal plane to the test piece;
  • a loading control unit configured to control the axial pressure loading unit, the impact loading unit, and the confining pressure loading unit to perform loading respectively;
  • a monitoring unit configured to monitor the force of the test piece during the loading process
  • a data analysis unit is connected to the loading control unit, and the data analysis unit is configured to receive data from the monitoring unit and process analysis.
  • the axial pressure loading unit includes an axial pressure loading oil cylinder, an axial pressure loading oil tank, and a lower pressure head.
  • the axial pressure loading oil cylinder is fixed on the base, and the axial pressure loading oil tank and the axial pressure loading oil cylinder. Are connected, one end of the lower pressure head is connected to the axial pressure loading cylinder, and the other end thereof vertically extends into the confining pressure loading unit and is in contact with the lower surface of the test piece.
  • the axial pressure-loading cylinder includes an axial pressure-loading cylinder, an axial pressure-loading piston, and an axial pressure-loading piston rod.
  • An oil inlet cavity is provided inside the axial pressure-loading cylinder, and the axial pressure-loading piston is slidably connected.
  • one end of the axial pressure-loading piston rod extends through the axial pressure-loading piston into the oil inlet cavity, and the other end of the axial pressure-loading piston rod is connected to the One end of the lower pressure head is connected, wherein an end of one end of the axial pressure loading piston rod is a curved surface.
  • the impact-loading unit includes an impact-loading cylinder, an impact-loading tank, an upper indenter, and a pressure-bearing column, the impact-loading cylinder is fixedly connected to the beam, and the impact-loading cylinder is in phase relationship with the impact-loading tank.
  • One end of the pressure bearing column is connected to the piston rod of the impact-loading cylinder, and the other end is connected to the top of the upper pressure head, and the bottom of the upper pressure head is connected to the upper surface of the test piece. Phase contact.
  • the confining pressure loading unit includes a pressure chamber, two confining pressure loading oil cylinders, a confining pressure loading fuel tank, two first lateral pressure heads and two second lateral pressure heads, and the test piece is disposed at the In the pressure chamber, the confining pressure loading tank is connected to the two confining pressure loading cylinders, and a piston rod of the confining pressure loading cylinder is connected to the first lateral pressure head, and the two first The lateral indenters are respectively arranged outside the two adjacent sides of the pressure chamber, and the two first lateral indenters are horizontally extended into the pressure chamber and contact the two adjacent side walls of the test piece.
  • a groove is respectively provided on two side walls of the pressure chamber opposite to the first lateral indenter, and a second lateral indenter and two second lateral indenters are installed in both grooves. In contact with the other two adjacent side walls of the test piece.
  • the monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor and a signal collector connected to each other, and the pressure sensors are respectively disposed between the pressure bearing column and the upper indenter, the second lateral indenter and the Between the test pieces, the signal collector is connected to a data analysis unit.
  • the test method for the support strength of the surrounding rock of the roadway includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Use the stress relief method to measure the static stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway
  • Step 2 Use the microseismic system to obtain the dynamic load characteristics near the surrounding rock of the roadway, and infer the impact load intensity and frequency of the test;
  • Step 3 Take the surrounding rock of the roadway to make multiple standard test pieces
  • Step 4 Loading test
  • Step 4.1 Place the test piece on the test machine, adjust the position of each indenter of the test machine, and apply a certain pretension force to the test piece;
  • Step 4.2 According to the static mechanical state of the surrounding rock of the roadway measured in step 1, the lateral confining pressure loading unit simulates the surrounding pressure of the roadway to apply a fixed X-direction pressure to the test piece, and the axial pressure loading unit applies a test piece to the test piece. Continuously increasing Z-direction (ie, axial) pressure; Y-direction support force is applied to the specimen by the longitudinal confining pressure loading unit, and the minimum Y-direction support force is set to 0;
  • Step 4.3 Apply the minimum Y-direction supporting force to the test piece, and perform impact loading on the test piece according to the strength and frequency of the surrounding rock impact load obtained in step 2. After the impact loading is completed, observe the damage of the test piece;
  • Step 4.4 Replace the test piece, keep the pressure in the X direction and the pressure in the Z direction, increase the support force in the Y direction, repeat steps 4.1-4.3 to perform a load test on the replaced test piece, and so on, and every time the test piece is replaced
  • the support force is increased once, and each time the support force is increased, the damage of the test piece is observed after the loading test, so as to find the support force that the test piece will not be damaged, and the support strength is calculated based on the support force.
  • the protection strength is the support strength required for the surrounding rock of the roadway.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that rock deformation and failure tests are performed by setting different support strengths to the actual static load stress and dynamic load impact characteristics of the surrounding rock of the roadway, which take into account the effects of static load stress and dynamic load stress.
  • the combined effect of the two is also considered, which can better match the actual stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway on the site, and the obtained support strength can better guarantee the safety and stability of the surrounding rock, high accuracy, and simple and convenient test operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for supporting strength of a surrounding rock of a roadway according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a confining pressure loading unit of a surrounding rock supporting strength test device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an axial pressure loading oil cylinder of a roadway surrounding rock support strength test device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on the test piece by the axial pressure loading unit.
  • 2-Axial pressure loading unit 21-Axial pressure loading cylinder, 211-Axial pressure loading cylinder body, 212-Axial pressure loading piston, 213-Axial pressure loading piston rod, 214-Oil cavity, 215-arc surface, 22-shaft Pressure-loading oil tank, 23-lower indenter;
  • 3-impact loading unit 31-impact loading cylinder, 32-impact loading tank, 33-upper head, 34-pressure column;
  • 4-Confining pressure loading unit 41-Pressure chamber, 42a-Transverse confining pressure-loading cylinder, 42b-Vertical confining pressure-loading cylinder, 43-Confining pressure-loading tank, 44a-Transverse first pressure head, 44b-Vertical first pressure head 45a-first groove, 45b-second groove, 46a-transverse second indenter, 46b-longitudinal second indenter;
  • 6-monitoring unit 61-signal collector, 62-pressure sensor;
  • a test device for supporting strength of a surrounding rock of a roadway includes:
  • the load-bearing frame unit 1 includes a base 11, a column 12, and a beam 13.
  • the column 12 is vertically arranged on both sides of the upper surface of the base 11, and the beam 13 is horizontally fixed on the upper portion of the column 12.
  • the axial pressure loading unit 2 is fixed at the middle position of the upper surface of the base 11 and is used to apply a bottom-up axial pressure to the test piece 8;
  • the impact loading unit 3 is fixed on the beam 13 and is used to apply a top-down axial impact load to the test piece 8;
  • a confining pressure loading unit 4 is provided between the axial pressure loading unit 2 and the impact loading unit 3, and the confining pressure unit 4 is used to apply a confining pressure in a horizontal plane to the test piece 8;
  • a loading control unit 5 configured to control the axial pressure loading unit 2, the impact loading unit 3, and the confining pressure loading unit 4 respectively for loading;
  • the data analysis unit 7 is connected to the loading control unit 5, and the data analysis unit 7 is configured to receive data from the monitoring unit 6 and process the analysis.
  • the axial-pressure loading unit 2 of the present invention includes an axial-pressure loading cylinder 21, an axial-pressure loading tank 22, and a lower pressure head 23.
  • the axial-pressure loading cylinder 21 is fixed on the base 11.
  • the axial pressure loading cylinder 21 is connected.
  • One end of the lower pressure head 23 is connected to the axial pressure loading cylinder 21, and the other end thereof vertically extends into the confining pressure loading unit 4 and contacts the lower surface of the test piece 8.
  • the axial pressure is applied to the test piece 8 by driving the lower pressure head 23 upward by the axial pressure loading cylinder 21.
  • the axial pressure-loading cylinder 21 includes an axial pressure-loading cylinder 211, an axial pressure-loading piston 212, and an axial pressure-loading piston rod 213. Inside the axial pressure-loading cylinder 211, an oil inlet cavity 214 is provided.
  • the loading piston 212 is slidably connected in the axial pressure loading cylinder 211.
  • One end of the axial pressure loading piston rod 213 extends through the axial pressure loading piston 212 into the oil inlet cavity 214, and the other end of the axial pressure loading piston rod 213 is pressed down.
  • One end of the head 23 is connected, and one end of one end of the axial pressure loading piston rod 213 is an arc surface 215.
  • the constant force is applied to the arc surface 215 of the piston rod 213 by axial pressure to change the constant force applied to the test piece 8 into a continuously increasing force, which truly simulates the actual force situation of the test piece 8 in the field. Make research results more accurate.
  • the impact-loading unit 3 includes an impact-loading cylinder 31, an impact-loading tank 32, an upper head 33, and a pressure-bearing column 34.
  • the impact-loading cylinder 31 is fixedly connected to the beam 13 and the impact-loading cylinder 31 can pass through the oil pipe.
  • one end of the pressure bearing column 34 is connected to the piston rod of the impact loading cylinder 31, and the other end is connected to the top of the upper pressure head 33, and the bottom of the upper pressure head 33 is connected to the test piece 8.
  • the upper surfaces are in contact.
  • an impact load can be applied to the test piece 8 by the impact loading cylinder 31.
  • the confining pressure loading unit 4 includes a pressure chamber 41, a confining pressure loading oil tank 43, a lateral confining pressure loading cylinder 42 a, a lateral first pressure head 44 a and a lateral second pressure head 46 a, and a longitudinal confining pressure loading cylinder 42 b, The first longitudinal indenter 44b and the second longitudinal indenter 46b.
  • the test piece 8 is arranged in the pressure chamber 41.
  • the confining pressure loading tank 43 is connected to the lateral confining pressure loading cylinder 42a and the longitudinal confining pressure loading cylinder 42b.
  • the piston rod of the oil cylinder 42a is connected to the first lateral indenter 44a, and the piston rod of the longitudinal confining pressure loading cylinder 42b is connected to the first longitudinal indenter 44b.
  • the first lateral indenter 44a and the first longitudinal indenter 44b are respectively provided at The pressure chamber 41 is adjacent to the outer sides of the two sides.
  • the first horizontal indenter 44a and the first vertical indenter 44b extend horizontally into the pressure chamber 41 and contact the two adjacent side walls of the test piece 8.
  • the inside of the pressure chamber 41 and the horizontal first A first indenter 44a and a longitudinal first indenter 44b are respectively provided with two first and second grooves 45a and 45b on opposite side walls, and a second indenter 46a in the transverse direction is installed in the first groove 45a.
  • a second longitudinal indenter 46b, a second transverse indenter 46a, and a second longitudinal indenter 46b are installed in the groove 45b. It is in contact with the other two adjacent side walls of the test piece 8.
  • the horizontal and vertical confining pressures in the horizontal plane are applied to the test piece 8 through the mutual cooperation of the first horizontal indenter 44a and the second horizontal indenter 46a, and the first horizontal indenter 44b and the second vertical indenter 46b.
  • the lateral second indenter 46a and the longitudinal second indenter 46b are provided with fastening bolts on both sides, and the fastening bolts can be fixed on the grooves by the fastening bolts.
  • the monitoring unit 6 of the present invention includes a pressure sensor 62 and a signal collector 61 connected to each other.
  • the pressure sensors 62 are respectively disposed between the pressure bearing column 34 and the upper indenter 33, and the second lateral indenter 46a and the test piece 8. Between the longitudinal second indenter 46b and the test piece 8, a signal collector 61 is connected to the data analysis unit 7.
  • the signal collector 61 collects the corresponding pressure data and transmits it to the data analysis unit 7 for analysis and processing.
  • a test method for supporting strength of a surrounding rock of a roadway includes the following steps:
  • the first step is to measure the stress state of the surrounding rock.
  • the stress state of the surrounding rock includes the static stress state and dynamic load impact characteristics. Specifically, it includes: using the stress relief method to measure the static stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway; using the microseismic system to obtain the surrounding rock of the roadway Nearby dynamic shock characteristics.
  • a geological drilling rig is used to drill holes in the roadway toward the working surface.
  • a microseismic probe is inserted into the drilled hole, and a seismic pickup is connected, and then connected to the microseismic monitoring system to form a complete monitoring network.
  • Use the microseismic monitoring system to obtain the magnitude of the microseismic energy during the mining process, and infer the impact load intensity and frequency (dynamic load impact characteristics).
  • Step 2 Place the prepared test piece 8 in the pressure chamber 41, adjust the positions of the upper indenter 33, the lower indenter 23, the first lateral indenter 44a, and the second lateral indenter 46a. Apply a certain preload.
  • the third step is to apply a constant X-direction pressure to the test piece 8 through the first transverse indenter 44a and the second transverse indenter 46a according to the static stress state, and apply an axial direction to the test piece 8 through the axial pressure loading unit 2.
  • Pressure; the first longitudinal indenter 44b and the second longitudinal indenter 46b apply the Y-direction support force to the test piece 8 before the impact, the support force is required to be 0 at this time, and the Y-direction support is set according to experience
  • the minimum value of the force is 0 MPa, and the incremental value is also 2 MPa;
  • Step 4 Replace the test piece, keep the X and axial pressures unchanged, increase the support force in the Y direction to 2 MPa, load the test again according to steps 2-3, and so on, and increase the 2 MPa support every time the test piece is replaced.
  • Protective force Every time the supporting force is increased, observe the damage of the test piece after the loading test, so as to find the supporting force that the test piece will not be damaged, and calculate the supporting strength based on the supporting force.
  • This supporting strength is the roadway. Supporting strength required for surrounding rocks.
  • the present invention takes the actual static load stress and dynamic load impact characteristics of the surrounding rock of the roadway as the loading stress, and sets different support strengths for rock deformation and failure tests, which take into account the effects of static load stress and dynamic load stress.
  • the combined effect of the two is also considered, which can better match the actual stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway on the site, and the obtained support strength can better guarantee the safety and stability of the surrounding rock, high accuracy, and simple and convenient test operation.

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Abstract

一种巷道围岩支护强度试验装置及强度确定方法，该试验装置包括：承载框架单元（1），包括底座（11）、立柱（12）和横梁（13），立柱（12）竖直设置在底座（11）的上表面两侧，横梁（13）水平固定在立柱（12）的上部；轴压加载单元（2），固定在底座（11）的上表面中间位置处，且用于对试件（8）施加自下而上的轴向压力；冲击加载单元（3），固定在横梁（13）上，且用于对试件（8）施加自上而下的轴向冲击载荷；围压加载单元（4），设置在轴压加载单元（2）和冲击加载单元（3）之间，围压单元（4）用于对试件（8）施加水平面内的围压；还包括加载控制单元（5）、监测单元（6）和数据分析单元（7），以巷道围岩实际静载应力大小和动载冲击特征为加载应力，能与现场巷道围岩实际应力状态较好吻合，获得的支护强度能较好地保障围岩安全稳定，准确度高，且试验操作简单方便。

Description

一种巷道围岩支护强度试验装置及强度确定方法 技术领域
本发明涉及巷道围岩支护技术领域，尤其涉及一种巷道围岩支护强度试验装置及强度确定方法。
背景技术
我国煤矿主要是地下开采，需要在井下开掘大量巷道，采用巷道支护来保持巷道畅通和围岩稳定对煤矿建设与生产具有重要意义。巷道支护可以减少围岩的移动，使巷道断面不致过度缩小，同时防止已散离和破坏的围岩冒落。巷道支护的效果不仅仅取决于支架本身性质，还受到围岩性质、支架与围岩的接触方式等一系列因素的影响。
巷道支护强度设计是巷道支护设计中的一项重要参数，对充分发挥巷道支护措施的优越性和保证巷道安全具有十分重要的意义。若支护强度太高，既浪费支护材料，增加支护成本，又影响掘进进度；若支护强度不够，则不能有效控制围岩变形，出现片帮、冒顶等灾害事故。选择合适的巷道支护强度，可以保持巷道围岩的完整性，有效控制围岩变形，避免支护手段因围岩发生松动或冲击破坏而失效。
目前，确定巷道支护强度大多采用工程类比法和理论计算法等。工程类比法是根据已有的巷道工程，通过类比提出新建工程的支护强度参数，这种方法主要依靠已有成功经验来进行设计，由于巷道实际情况均有所不同，此方法获得的支护强度并不是最合适的。理论计算法基于某种支护理论，如悬吊理论、组合梁理论及加固拱理论，计算得出支护参数，确定支护强度。由于现有支护 理论多存在着一定的局限性和使用条件，而且很难比较准确、可靠地确定计算所需要的一些参数。因此，依据理论计算所做的设计结果很多情况下只能作为参考。
特别是，深部煤炭开采时，岩层断裂、断层垮落等产生的动载荷明显增多，巷道围岩实际处于复杂的动静组合应力环境下，导致其服务期间经常发生破坏失稳，支护控制难度大。目前尚没有合适的理论进行支护强度计算，工程类比法往往进行了过度支护，也没有一种可靠手段能够获得动静组合应力环境下围岩支护强度，现有技术有待进一步突破。
发明内容
本发明主要是解决现有技术中所存在的技术问题，从而提供一种操作简单、准确性高的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置。
本发明同时提供利用上述试验装置确定支护强度的方法。
本发明的上述技术问题主要是通过下述技术方案得以解决的：
本发明提供的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置，其包括：
承载框架单元，包括底座、立柱和横梁，所述立柱竖直设置在所述底座的上表面两侧，所述横梁水平固定在所述立柱的上部；
轴压加载单元，固定在所述底座的上表面中间位置处，且用于对试件施加自下而上的轴向压力；
冲击加载单元，固定在所述横梁上，且用于对试件施加自上而下的轴向冲击载荷；
围压加载单元，设置在所述轴压加载单元和冲击加载单元之间，它包括横向围压加载单元和纵向围压加载单元，用于对试件施加水平面内的围压；
加载控制单元，用于分别控制所述轴压加载单元、冲击加载单元和围压加载单元进行加载；
监测单元，用于监测所述试件在加载过程中的受力情况；
数据分析单元，与所述加载控制单元相连接，且所述数据分析单元用于接受所述监测单元的数据并处理分析。
进一步地，所述轴压加载单元包括轴压加载油缸、轴压加载油箱和下压头，所述轴压加载油缸固定在所述底座上，所述轴压加载油箱与所述轴压加载油缸相连接，所述下压头的一端与所述轴压加载油缸相连接，其另一端竖直伸入到围压加载单元中并与所述试件的下表面相接触。
进一步地，所述轴压加载油缸包括轴压加载缸体、轴压加载活塞、轴压加载活塞杆，所述轴压加载缸体的内部设有进油腔，所述轴压加载活塞滑动连接在所述轴压加载缸体内，所述轴压加载活塞杆的一端穿过所述轴压加载活塞伸入到所述进油腔中，所述轴压加载活塞杆的另一端与所述下压头的一端相连接，其中，所述轴压加载活塞杆的一端端部为弧面。
进一步地，所述冲击加载单元包括冲击加载油缸、冲击加载油箱、上压头和承压柱，所述冲击加载油缸与所述横梁固定连接，且所述冲击加载油缸与所述冲击加载油箱相连接，所述承压柱的一端与所述冲击加载油缸的活塞杆相连接，其另一端与所述上压头的顶部相连接，所述上压头的底部与所述试件的上表面相接触。
进一步地，所述围压加载单元包括压力室、两个围压加载油缸、围压加载油箱、两个第一侧向压头和两个第二侧向压头，所述试件设置在所述压力室中，所述围压加载油箱与所述两个围压加载油缸相连接，所述围压加载油缸的活塞 杆与所述第一侧向压头相连接，所述两个第一侧向压头分别设置在所述压力室相邻两侧外部，所述两个第一侧向压头水平伸进所述压力室后与所述试件的相邻两个侧壁相接触，所述压力室内部与所述第一侧向压头相对的两个侧壁上分别设有一凹槽，两个凹槽内均安装有第二侧向压头，两个第二侧向压头与所述试件的其他两个相邻侧壁相接触。
进一步地，所述监测单元包括相互连接的压力传感器和信号采集器，所述压力传感器分别设置在所述承压柱和所述上压头之间、所述第二侧向压头和所述试件之间，所述信号采集器与数据分析单元相连接。
本发明提供的巷道围岩支护强度的试验方法，其包括以下步骤：
第一步：采用应力解除法，测得巷道围岩的静态应力状态；
第二步：利用微震系统获得巷道围岩附近的动载特征，反推出试验的冲击载荷强度和频率；
第三步:取巷道围岩制成多个标准试件块；
第四步：加载试验
第4.1步：将试件放置在试验机上，调整试验机各压头的位置，并对试件施加一定的预紧力；
第4.2步：根据步骤一测得的巷道围岩静态力学状态，由横向围压加载单元模拟巷道的围压对试件施加固定不变的X向压力，由轴压加载单元对试件施加一个连续增加的Z向(也就是轴向)压力；由纵向围压加载单元对试件施加Y向支护力，设置Y向支护力的最小值为0；
第4.3步：对试件施加最小Y向支护力，根据步骤二得到的围岩冲击载荷强度和频率，对试件进行冲击加载，在冲击加载结束后，观察试件破坏情况；
第4.4步：更换试件，保持X向压力和Z向压力不变，提高Y向支护力，重复步骤4.1-4.3对更换后的试件进行加载试验，以此类推，每更换一次试件就提高一次支护力，每提高一次支护力，在加载试验后就观察试件破坏情况，从而寻找试件不会被破坏的支护力，根据支护力推算出支护强度，这个支护强度就是巷道围岩所需的支护强度。
本发明的有益效果在于：以巷道围岩实际静载应力大小和动载冲击特征为加载应力，设置不同的支护强度进行岩石变形破坏试验，其既考虑了静载应力和动载应力的影响，也考虑了二者的组合作用，其能与现场巷道围岩实际应力状态较好吻合，获得的支护强度能较好地保障围岩安全稳定，准确度高，且试验操作简单方便。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置的围压加载单元的结构示意图；
图3是本发明的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置的轴压加载油缸的结构示意图；
图4是轴压加载单元对试件施加力的大小和方向。
图中：
1-承载框架单元，11-底座、12-立柱，13-横梁；
2-轴压加载单元，21-轴压加载油缸，211-轴压加载缸体、212-轴压加载活 塞，213-轴压加载活塞杆，214-油腔，215-弧面，22-轴压加载油箱，23-下压头；
3-冲击加载单元，31-冲击加载油缸，32-冲击加载油箱，33-上压头，34-承压柱；
4-围压加载单元，41-压力室，42a-横向围压加载油缸，42b-纵向围压加载油缸，43-围压加载油箱，44a-横向第一压头，44b-纵向第一压头，45a-第一凹槽，45b-第二凹槽，46a-横向第二压头，46b-纵向第二压头；
5-加载控制单元；
6-监测单元，61-信号采集器，62-压力传感器；
7-数据分析单元；
8-试件。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
参阅图1-3所示，本发明的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置，其包括：
承载框架单元1，包括底座11、立柱12和横梁13，立柱12竖直设置在底座11的上表面两侧，横梁13水平固定在立柱12的上部；
轴压加载单元2，固定在底座11的上表面中间位置处，且用于对试件8施加自下而上的轴向压力；
冲击加载单元3，固定在横梁13上，且用于对试件8施加自上而下的轴向冲击载荷；
围压加载单元4，设置在轴压加载单元2和冲击加载单元3之间，围压单元4用于对试件8施加水平面内的围压；
加载控制单元5，用于分别控制轴压加载单元2、冲击加载单元3和围压加载单元4进行加载；
监测单元6，用于监测试件8在加载过程中的受力情况；
数据分析单元7，与加载控制单元5相连接，且数据分析单元7用于接受监测单元6的数据并处理分析。
具体地，本发明的轴压加载单元2包括轴压加载油缸21、轴压加载油箱22和下压头23，轴压加载油缸21固定在底座11上，轴压加载油箱22可通过油管等与轴压加载油缸21相连接，下压头23的一端与轴压加载油缸21相连接，其另一端竖直伸入到围压加载单元4中并与试件8的下表面相接触。本发明中，通过轴压加载油缸21驱动下压头23向上移动，即可对试件8施加轴向压力。
本发明的实施例中，轴压加载油缸21包括轴压加载缸体211、轴压加载活塞212、轴压加载活塞杆213，轴压加载缸体211的内部设有进油腔214，轴压加载活塞212滑动连接在轴压加载缸体211内，轴压加载活塞杆213的一端穿过轴压加载活塞212伸入到进油腔214中，轴压加载活塞杆213的另一端与下压头23的一端相连接，其中，轴压加载活塞杆213的一端端部为弧面215。本发明中，恒力通过轴压加载活塞杆213的弧面215将对试件8施加的恒力力变为一连续增加的力，真实地模拟了试件8在现场实际的受力情况，使研究结果更加准确。
本发明的实施例中，冲击加载单元3包括冲击加载油缸31、冲击加载油箱32、上压头33和承压柱34，冲击加载油缸31与横梁13固定连接，且冲击加载 油缸31可通过油管等与冲击加油箱32相连接，承压柱34的一端与冲击加载油缸31的活塞杆相连接，其另一端与上压头33的顶部相连接，上压头33的底部与试件8的上表面相接触。本发明中，通过冲击加载油缸31可对试件8施加冲击载荷。
参阅图2所示，围压加载单元4包括压力室41，围压加载油箱43，横向围压加载油缸42a、横向第一压头44a和横向第二压头46a，纵向围压加载油缸42b、纵向第一压头44b和纵向第二压头46b，试件8设置在压力室41中，围压加载油箱43与横向围压加载油缸42a和纵向围压加载油缸42b相连接，横向围压加载油缸42a的活塞杆与横向第一压头44a相连接，纵向围压加载油缸42b的活塞杆与纵向第一压头44b相连接,横向第一压头44a和纵向第一压头44b分别设置在压力室41相邻两侧外部，横向第一压头44a和纵向第一压头44b水平伸入压力室41后与试件8的相邻两个侧壁相接触，压力室41内部与横向第一压头44a和纵向第一压头44b相对的两个侧壁上分别设有第一凹槽45a和第二凹槽45b，第一凹槽45a内安装有横向第二压头46a，第二凹槽45b内安装有纵向第二压头46b，横向第二压头46a和纵向第二压头46b与试件8的其他两个相邻侧壁相接触。本发明中，通过横向第一压头44a和横向第二压头46a，以及纵向第一压头44b和纵向第二压头46b的相互配合对试件8施加水平面内的横向和纵向围压，优选地，横向第二压头46a和纵向第二压头46b两侧均装有紧固螺栓，可通过紧固螺栓将其固定在凹槽上。
本发明的监测单元6包括相互连接的压力传感器62和信号采集器61，压力传感器62分别设置在承压柱34和上压头33之间、横向第二压头46a和试件8之间，纵向第二压头46b和试件8之间，信号采集器61与数据分析单元7相连 接。信号采集器61采集到相应的压力数据后传送至数据分析单元7进行分析处理。
参阅图1-3，本发明的巷道围岩支护强度的试验方法，其包括以下步骤：
第一步、测量围岩应力状态，围岩应力状态包括静态应力状态和动载冲击特征；具体的包括：采用应力解除法，测得巷道围岩的静态应力状态；利用微震系统获得巷道围岩附近的动载冲击特征。本实施例中，利用地质钻机，在巷道中向工作面方向打孔，在打好的钻孔中放入微震探头，并连接好拾震器，然后连接到微震监测系统，形成完整的监测网络，利用微震监测系统得到工作面开采过程中微震能量大小，反推出冲击载荷强度和频率(动载冲击特征)。
第二步：将制备好的试件8放置在压力室41中，调整上压头33、下压头23、横向第一压头44a和横向第二压头46a的位置，通过对试件8施加一定的预紧力。
第三步、根据静态应力状态，通过横向第一压头44a和横向第二压头46a对试件8施加一固定不变的X向压力，通过轴压加载单元2对试件8施加轴向压力；由纵向第一压头44b和纵向第二压头46b对试件8对试件施加Y向支护力，在冲击之前，要求此时支护力为0，根据经验设置Y向支护力的最小值为0MPa，递增值也为2MPa；
第三步、根据动载冲击特征，在Y向支护力为0MPa条件下，通过冲击加载单元3对试件8进行冲击加载，加载试验结束后，观察试件破坏程度；
第四步：更换试件，保持X向压力和轴向压力不变，提高Y向支护力到2MPa，按照步骤2-3再次加载试验，以此类推，每更换一次试件就提高2MPa支护力，每提高一次支护力，在加载试验后就观察试件破坏情况，从而寻找试件不会被 破坏的支护力，根据支护力推算出支护强度，这个支护强度就是巷道围岩所需的支护强度。
综上所述，本发明以巷道围岩实际静载应力大小和动载冲击特征为加载应力，设置不同的支护强度进行岩石变形破坏试验，其既考虑了静载应力和动载应力的影响，也考虑了二者的组合作用，其能与现场巷道围岩实际应力状态较好吻合，获得的支护强度能较好地保障围岩安全稳定，准确度高，且试验操作简单方便。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种巷道围岩支护强度试验装置，其特征在于，其包括：
    承载框架单元，包括底座、立柱和横梁，所述立柱竖直设置在所述底座的上表面两侧，所述横梁水平固定在所述立柱的上部；
    轴压加载单元，固定在所述底座的上表面中间位置处，且用于对试件施加自下而上的轴向压力；
    冲击加载单元，固定在所述横梁上，且用于对试件施加自上而下的轴向冲击载荷；
    围压加载单元，设置在所述轴压加载单元和冲击加载单元之间，它包括横向围压加载单元和纵向围压加载单元，用于对试件施加水平面内的围压；
    加载控制单元，用于分别控制所述轴压加载单元、冲击加载单元和围压加载单元进行加载；
    监测单元，用于监测所述试件在加载过程中的受力情况；
    数据分析单元，与所述加载控制单元相连接，且所述数据分析单元用于接受所述监测单元的数据并处理分析。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置，其特征在于，所述轴压加载单元包括轴压加载油缸、轴压加载油箱和下压头，所述轴压加载油缸固定在所述底座上，所述轴压加载油箱与所述轴压加载油缸相连接，所述下压头的一端与所述轴压加载油缸相连接，其另一端竖直伸入到围压加载单元中并与所述试件的下表面相接触。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置，其特征在于，所述轴压加载油缸包括轴压加载缸体、轴压加载活塞、轴压加载活塞杆，所述轴压加载缸体的内部设有进油腔，所述轴压加载活塞滑动连接在所述轴压加载缸体内， 所述轴压加载活塞杆的一端穿过所述轴压加载活塞伸入到所述进油腔中，所述轴压加载活塞杆的另一端与所述下压头的一端相连接，其中，所述轴压加载活塞杆的一端端部为弧面。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置，其特征在于，所述冲击加载单元包括冲击加载油缸、冲击加载油箱、上压头和承压柱，所述冲击加载油缸与所述横梁固定连接，且所述冲击加载油缸与所述冲击加载油箱相连接，所述承压柱的一端与所述冲击加载油缸的活塞杆相连接，其另一端与所述上压头的顶部相连接，所述上压头的底部与试件的上表面相接触。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置，其特征在于，所述围压加载单元包括压力室、两个围压加载油缸、围压加载油箱、两个第一侧向压头和两个第二侧向压头，试件设置在压力室中，所述围压加载油箱与所述两个围压加载油缸相连接，所述围压加载油缸的活塞杆与所述第一侧向压头相连接，所述两个第一侧向压头分别设置在所述压力室相邻两侧外部，所述两个第一侧向压头水平伸进所述压力室后与试件的相邻两个侧壁相接触，所述压力室内部与所述第一侧向压头相对的两个侧壁上分别设有一凹槽，两个凹槽内均安装有第二侧向压头，两个第二侧向压头与试件的其他两个相邻侧壁相接触。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置，其特征在于，所述监测单元包括相互连接的压力传感器和信号采集器，所述压力传感器分别设置在所述承压柱和上压头之间、所述第二侧向压头和试件之间，所述信号采集器与数据分析单元相连接。
  7. 一种利用权利要求1-6任一所述的巷道围岩支护强度试验装置确定强度的方法，其特征在于，其包括以下步骤：
    第一步：采用应力解除法，测得巷道围岩的静态应力状态；
    第二步：利用微震系统获得巷道围岩附近的动载特征，反推出试验的冲击载荷强度和频率；
    第三步:取巷道围岩制成多个标准试件块；
    第四步：加载试验
    第4.1步：将试件放置在试验机上，调整试验机各压头的位置，并对试件施加一定的预紧力；
    第4.2步：根据步骤一测得的巷道围岩静态力学状态，由横向围压加载单元模拟巷道的围压对试件施加固定不变的X向压力，由轴压加载单元对试件施加一个连续增加的Z向压力；由纵向围压加载单元对试件施加Y向支护力，设置Y向支护力的最小值为0；
    第4.3步：对试件施加最小Y向支护力，根据步骤二得到的围岩冲击载荷强度和频率，对试件进行冲击加载，在冲击加载结束后，观察试件破坏情况；
    第4.4步：更换试件，保持X向压力和Z向压力不变，提高Y向支护力，重复步骤4.1-4.3对更换后的试件进行加载试验，以此类推，每更换一次试件就提高一次支护力，每提高一次支护力，在加载试验后就观察试件破坏情况，从而寻找试件不会被破坏的支护力，根据支护力推算出支护强度，这个支护强度就是巷道围岩所需的支护强度。
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