WO2019221119A1 - フォトカソードを搭載した電子銃の入射軸合わせ方法、コンピュータプログラム、および、フォトカソードを搭載した電子銃 - Google Patents
フォトカソードを搭載した電子銃の入射軸合わせ方法、コンピュータプログラム、および、フォトカソードを搭載した電子銃 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement, ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/147—Arrangements for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path
- H01J37/1471—Arrangements for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path for centering, aligning or positioning of ray or beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/34—Photo-emissive cathodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J3/02—Electron guns
- H01J3/021—Electron guns using a field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement, ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/06—Electron sources; Electron guns
- H01J37/073—Electron guns using field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/06—Sources
- H01J2237/063—Electron sources
- H01J2237/06325—Cold-cathode sources
- H01J2237/06333—Photo emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/15—Means for deflecting or directing discharge
- H01J2237/1501—Beam alignment means or procedures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/22—Optical or photographic arrangements associated with the tube
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an incident axis alignment method for an electron gun equipped with a photocathode, a computer program, and an electron gun equipped with a photocathode, and in particular, an electron beam emitted from an electron gun equipped with a photocathode
- the present invention relates to a method for automatically adjusting the incident axis of a computer, a computer program for executing the method, and an electron gun including a computer including a memory storing the program.
- Patent Document 1 An apparatus including an electron gun may be simply referred to as “apparatus”.
- the electron beam incident axis is adjusted so that the electron beam emitted from the electron gun coincides with the optical axis of the electron optical system of the device when the electron gun is replaced. is required.
- adjustment of the incident axis of the electron beam is performed as necessary in order to adjust the deviation of the incident axis of the electron beam due to changes over time and the optical axis of the electron optical system of the apparatus (hereinafter, referred to as the following) Adjustment of the incident axis of the electron beam is sometimes referred to as “alignment”).
- Alignment is often operated manually after the electron gun is mounted on the device, but in recent years, much research has been done on automation.
- the electron gun is mechanically scanned by driving a motor, the incident axis of the electron beam with respect to the opening of the annular anode electrode A2 is adjusted, and the amount of current passing through the opening of the anode electrode A2 is maximized.
- a method for automatically optimizing the incident axis of the electron beam with respect to the anode electrode A2 by automatically obtaining the optimum mechanical position of the electron gun at the time is known (see Patent Document 2).
- An electron gun that emits an electron beam
- a focusing coil that focuses the electron beam
- alignment means for making the electron beam incident at the center of the focusing coil
- digital observation that observes the electron beam irradiation image.
- An image processing unit for processing image data from the optical system, the digital observation optical system, and an alignment control unit having a control unit for controlling the electron gun, the focusing coil, and the alignment unit based on the processing data from the image processing unit;
- the control unit of the alignment control unit controls the electron gun and the focusing coil, irradiates the target with an electron beam in a different state of a predetermined focus, and calculates a correction value calculated from the difference between the position coordinates of these irradiation images.
- a method of outputting an alignment control signal to the alignment means is also known (patent) Document reference 3).
- thermoelectron injection type is excellent in terms of probe current amount, current stability, price, and the like, and is often used in general-purpose SEM, EPMA, Auger analyzers, and the like. For this reason, many researches relating to automation of alignment, such as those described in Patent Documents 2 and 3, have many thermionic emission electron guns.
- the electron gun equipped with the photocathode described in Patent Document 1 can emit a bright and sharp electron beam by irradiating the photocathode with excitation light. Therefore, development has been promoted in recent years. However, an electron gun equipped with a photocathode is under development, and alignment using the characteristics of the photocathode is not known.
- an electron gun equipped with a photocathode is changed from the photocathode by changing the position of excitation light applied to the photocathode.
- the position of the emitted electron beam can be easily adjusted.
- an excitation light irradiation position adjustment process for changing the position of the excitation light irradiated to the photocathode is performed during alignment, so that the electrons mounted on the apparatus They found that alignment can be easily performed without changing the position of the gun.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for automatically aligning an electron beam emitted from an electron gun equipped with a photocathode to an incident axis of an electron optical system, and a computer for implementing the method.
- An object is to provide an electron gun including a program and a computer including a memory storing the program.
- the present application relates to an incident axis alignment method for an electron gun equipped with a photocathode, a computer program, and an electron gun equipped with a photocathode as shown below.
- An incident axis alignment method for an electron gun equipped with a photocathode The electron gun can emit an electron beam in a first state by irradiating the photocathode with excitation light,
- the method An excitation light irradiation process;
- An electron beam center detection step for detecting whether or not the center line of the electron beam in the first state coincides with the incident axis of the electron optical system;
- An incident axis alignment method including at least.
- an electron beam arrival detection step of detecting whether the electron beam has passed through the aperture of the electron optical system and has reached the detector;
- An electron beam irradiation region expanding step of expanding an irradiation region irradiated with an electron beam emitted by irradiating the photocathode with excitation light from an irradiation region of the electron beam in the first state;
- a second excitation light irradiation position adjustment step of changing the irradiation position of the excitation light and adjusting the irradiation position of the excitation light;
- An electron beam irradiation region restoring step for returning the electron beam expanded by the electron beam irradiation region expansion step to the first state;
- the electron beam arrival detection step is provided immediately after the excitation light irradiation step, When the arrival of the electron beam is detected in the electron beam arrival detection step, the process proceeds to the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step, If the arrival of the electron beam was not detected in the electron beam arrival detection step,
- the incident axis alignment method according to (3) further including a second electron beam emission direction deflection step of deflecting the emission direction of the electron beam expanded by the electron beam irradiation region expansion step at a position away from the photocathode.
- the electron beam irradiation region expansion step and the electron beam irradiation region restoration step are performed by changing the irradiation region of the excitation light using an excitation light irradiation region adjustment device.
- the electron beam irradiation region expansion step is performed by continuously changing the irradiation position of the excitation light using an excitation light irradiation direction control device
- the electron beam irradiation region restoration step is performed by not changing the irradiation position of the excitation light using the excitation light irradiation direction control device.
- the electron beam irradiation region expanding step and the electron beam irradiation region restoring step are performed by changing an acceleration voltage applied to the emitted electron beam.
- the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step is performed using an excitation light irradiation direction control device.
- the incident axis alignment method according to any one of (1) to (7) above.
- the second excitation light irradiation position adjustment step is performed using an excitation light irradiation direction control device.
- the incident axis alignment method according to any one of (3) to (8) above.
- the process proceeds to the electron beam arrival detection step.
- (11) In a computer including a processor and a memory under the control of the processor, Causing each step according to any one of (1) to (10) to be executed; Computer program.
- An electron gun having a photocathode mounted thereon At least a computer including a processor and a memory under control of the processor; In the memory, a computer program for causing the computer to execute each step described in any one of (1) to (10) is recorded.
- An electron gun equipped with a photocathode At least a computer including a processor and a memory under control of the processor; In the memory, a computer program for causing the computer to execute each step described in any one of (1) to (10) is recorded.
- An electron gun equipped with a photocathode An electron gun equipped with a photocathode.
- the disclosure of this application can automate the incident axis alignment of an electron gun equipped with a photocathode.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an electron gun 1 and a device on which the electron gun 1 is mounted.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the first embodiment of the incident axis alignment method.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the electron beam BN reaching the detector 9 and the amount of electrons detected by the detector 9 when the electron gun 1 is mounted on the counterpart device E.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3).
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the change in the position of the electron beam BN when the excitation light L is scanned and the intensity (electron amount) of the electrons detected by the detector 9 in the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the irradiation region of the electron beam BN and the amount of electrons.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the electron beam center detection step (ST4).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the embodiment A.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the embodiment A.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the embodiment B.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the embodiment C.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the embodiment D.
- FIG. FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the second embodiment of the incident axis alignment method.
- FIG. 1 shows an electron gun 1 and a device E on which the electron gun 1 is mounted (hereinafter, regarding a device on which the electron gun 1 is mounted, a portion excluding the electron gun 1 may be referred to as a “partner device”. ) Is a diagram schematically showing.
- the embodiment of the electron gun 1 includes at least a light source 2, a photocathode 3, an anode 4, an alignment device 6, an incident axis information processing device 7, and a power source 8, and a detector 9 as necessary. You may comprise.
- the light source 2 is not particularly limited as long as it can emit the electron beam B by irradiating the photocathode 3 with the excitation light L.
- Examples of the light source 2 include a high output (watt class), a high frequency (several hundred MHz), an ultrashort pulse laser light source, a relatively inexpensive laser diode, and an LED.
- the excitation light to be irradiated may be either pulsed light or continuous light, and may be appropriately adjusted according to the purpose.
- the light source 2 is disposed outside the vacuum chamber CB.
- the light source 2 may be disposed in the vacuum chamber CB.
- the photocathode 3 is arranged in the vacuum chamber CB.
- the photocathode 3 emits an electron beam B in response to receiving the excitation light L emitted from the light source 2. More specifically, the electrons in the photocathode 3 are excited by the excitation light, and the excited electrons are emitted from the photocathode 3. The emitted electrons are accelerated by the electric field generated by the anode 4 and the cathode (including the photocathode 3) to form an electron beam.
- the excitation light is irradiated from the front side of the photocathode 3. Alternatively, the excitation light may be irradiated from the back side of the photocathode 3.
- the photocathode 3 is disposed in the photocathode storage container 5 having the electron beam passage hole 5h.
- a processing material 5m for EA surface treatment in other words, electron affinity reduction treatment
- EA surface treatment in other words, electron affinity reduction treatment
- the photocathode material for forming the photocathode 3 is not particularly limited as long as it can emit an electron beam by irradiating excitation light. Examples thereof include materials that require EA surface treatment and materials that do not require EA surface treatment. Examples of materials that require EA surface treatment include III-V semiconductor materials and II-VI semiconductor materials. Specifically, AlN, Ce 2 Te, GaN, one or more types of alkali metal and Sb compounds, AlAs, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and mixed crystals thereof can be used. Other examples include metals, and specific examples include Mg, Cu, Nb, LaB 6 , SeB 6 , Ag, and the like.
- the photocathode 3 can be produced by subjecting the photocathode material to EA surface treatment, and the photocathode 3 can select excitation light in the near ultraviolet-infrared wavelength region according to the gap energy of the semiconductor.
- electron beam source performance quantitative yield, durability, monochromaticity, time response, spin polarization
- the application of the electron beam can be selected by selecting a semiconductor material and structure.
- Examples of materials that do not require EA surface treatment include simple metals such as Cu, Mg, Sm, Tb, and Y, alloys, metal compounds, diamond, WBaO, and Cs 2 Te.
- a photocathode that does not require EA surface treatment may be produced by a known method (for example, see Japanese Patent No. 353779). When a photocathode that does not require EA surface treatment is used as the photocathode 3, the photocathode storage container 5 may not be arranged.
- the alignment device 6 is a device for causing the electron beam B emitted from the photocathode 3 to coincide with the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E on which the electron gun 1 is mounted.
- the alignment device 6 is not particularly limited as long as it can deflect the emission direction of the electron beam B emitted from the photocathode 3 at a position away from the photocathode 3.
- the alignment apparatus 6 is connected to the incident axis information processing apparatus 7 and is controlled by the incident axis information processing apparatus 7.
- the incident axis information processing device 7 is a computer, a PLC (programmable logic controller), or the like equipped with a memory 71 in which a program for executing an incident axis alignment method to be described later is recorded.
- the incident-axis information processing device 7 is connected to the light source 2, the alignment device 6, and the detector 9, and controls their operations.
- the power source 8 applies an acceleration voltage to the photocathode 3 and the anode 4 in order to accelerate the electrons emitted from the photocathode 3.
- the anode 4 and the power source 8 components known in the field of the electron gun 1 may be used.
- the detector 9 is not particularly limited as long as it can detect electrons (electron beams) that have passed through the diaphragms D1 and D2 that define the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E.
- Examples of the detector 9 include electron detectors such as a Faraday cup, a scintillator, and a microchannel plate.
- the detector 9 may be a part of the constituent elements of the electron gun 1, but when the counterpart device E includes the detector 9, the detector 9 may be used. It is not necessary to have.
- the counterpart device E has two diaphragms (D1, D2). However, at least two diaphragms are sufficient, and a plurality of diaphragms such as three, four, etc. are provided. May be.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the first embodiment of the incident axis alignment method.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the electron beam BN reaching the detector 9 and the amount of electrons detected by the detector 9 when the electron gun 1 is mounted on the counterpart device E.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3).
- ST3 first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the change in the position of the electron beam BN when the excitation light L is scanned and the intensity (electron amount) of the electrons detected by the detector 9 in the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3). It is a figure for demonstrating.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the irradiation region of the electron beam BN and the amount of electrons.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the electron beam center detection step (ST4).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6).
- an excitation light irradiation process is performed.
- the excitation light L is irradiated from the light source 2 toward the photocathode 3, and an electron beam is emitted from the photocathode 3.
- an electron beam emitted in accordance with the excitation light L irradiated during normal operation of the electron gun 1 is defined as “first state electron beam (BN)”.
- the electron beam BN emitted from the photocathode 3 is accelerated by the acceleration voltage applied to the photocathode 3 and the anode 4, and is emitted in the directions of the apertures D1 and D2 of the counterpart device E on which the electron gun 1 is mounted.
- an electron beam arrival detection step is performed.
- the electron beam arrival detection step when the detector 9 detects electrons, it is determined that the electron beam BN has reached (yes). On the other hand, when the detector 9 does not detect electrons, it is determined that the electron beam BN has not reached (no).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the electron beam BN reaching the detector 9 and the amount of electrons detected by the detector 9 when the electron gun 1 is mounted on the counterpart device E.
- the center line BC of the electron beam BN in the first state is shown for the sake of explanation. However, in the first embodiment of the incident axis alignment method, the first state is obtained by a process described later.
- the center line BC of the electron beam BN is adjusted so that the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E coincides.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the electron beam BN reaching the detector 9 and the amount of electrons detected by the detector 9 when the electron gun 1 is mounted on the counterpart device E.
- the center line BC of the electron beam BN in the first state is shown for the sake of explanation. However, in the first embodiment of the incident axis alignment method, the first state is obtained by a process described later.
- the center line BC of the electron beam BN is adjusted so that the incident axis OA of
- FIG. 3A shows that the center line BC of the electron beam BN in the first state and the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E are at least parallel, and the irradiation area of the electron beam BN covers the entire area of the stop D1. Indicates the state.
- an electron beam having the same cross-sectional area as the aperture area of the apertures D1, D2 reaches the detector 9.
- FIG. 3b shows that the center line BC of the electron beam BN in the first state and the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E are at least parallel, but the irradiation region of the electron beam BN is only a partial region of the stop D1. The state which covers is shown.
- FIG. 3A shows that the center line BC of the electron beam BN in the first state and the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E are at least parallel, and the irradiation region of the electron beam BN is only a partial region of the stop D1. The state which covers is
- FIG. 3 c shows a state in which the center line BC of the electron beam BN in the first state and the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E are tilted.
- an electron beam BN having substantially the same cross-sectional area as the area of the stop D1 passes through the stop D1.
- the cross-sectional area of the electron beam BN reaching the detector 9 becomes small.
- 3d shows a state where the irradiation region of the electron beam BN in the first state is completely different from the stop D1.
- the electron beam BN does not reach the detector 9.
- the apertures D1 and D2 have the same hole size, but the apertures D1 and D2 may have different hole sizes.
- the electron beam arrival detection step (ST2) when electrons are detected even with a small amount by the detector 9, for example, as shown in FIGS. 3a to 3c, it is determined that the electron beam BN has reached (yes). If it is determined as yes, it can be said that the electron gun 1 is mounted at an intended position or almost at an intended position. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3d, when the detector 9 does not detect any electrons, it is determined that the electron beam BN has not reached (no). If it is determined to be no, it can be said that the electron gun 1 is mounted out of the intended position.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3).
- the incident direction of the excitation light L to the photocathode 3 is different from that in FIG. 1 in FIG. 4, but the excitation light L may be irradiated from any direction.
- FIG. 4A shows a state before the excitation light L is scanned
- FIG. 4B shows a state after the excitation light L is scanned.
- the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3) is performed by changing (scanning) the irradiation position of the excitation light L using the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22.
- the details of the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22 will be described later.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the change in the position of the electron beam BN when the excitation light L is scanned and the intensity (electron amount) of the electrons detected by the detector 9 in the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3). It is a figure for demonstrating.
- the description of the light source 2, the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22, the photocathode 3, and the excitation light L is omitted.
- the position of the electron beam BN reaching the stop D1 also changes.
- the intensity (electron amount) of electrons detected by the detector 9 does not change even if the irradiation position of the excitation light L (position where the electron beam BN reaches) is changed.
- the excitation light L is scanned in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, in other words, the plane including the stop D1 is widely scanned, and the irradiation position of the excitation light L and the detector 9 are scanned.
- the detected electron quantity is associated and stored in the incident axis information processing device 7.
- the irradiation region of the excitation light L with the same electron intensity detected by the detector 9 is determined, and the center of the determined irradiation region is stored in the incident axis information processing device 7 as the irradiation center of the excitation light L.
- the center line BC of the emitted electron beam BN coincides with the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E.
- FIG. 5 shows the case where the electron beam BN is parallel to the incident axis of the electron optical system of the counterpart device, but the case where the electron beam BN is inclined with respect to the incident axis of the electron optical system of the counterpart device.
- the irradiation center of the excitation light L may be determined by the same procedure as described above and stored in the incident axis information processing device 7.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the irradiation region of the electron beam BN and the amount of electrons.
- the intensity in the irradiation region of the electron beam BN may be the same at any position in the irradiation region as shown in FIG. 6a depending on the emission condition of the electron beam BN, but as shown in FIGS. 6b and 6c. In some cases, the periphery of the irradiation region becomes weak. However, regardless of the intensity in the irradiation region of the electron beam BN shown in FIGS. 6a to 6c, the irradiation position of the excitation light L and the amount of electrons detected by the detector 9 are stored in association with each other as shown in FIG. The center of the irradiation region of the excitation light L where the intensity of electrons detected by the detector 9 is the same can be determined.
- an electron beam center detection step (ST4) is performed.
- the electron beam center detection step (ST4) it is detected whether or not the center line BC of the electron beam BN in the first state coincides with the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E.
- “matching” is not limited to the case where the center line BC of the electron beam BN in the first state completely coincides with the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E, but is set in advance. If they are within the range of the deviation, they may be matched.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the electron beam center detection step (ST4).
- the amount of electrons emitted from the photocathode 3 can be calculated based on the irradiation intensity of the excitation light L. Further, the areas of the diaphragms D1 and D2 can also be calculated. Therefore, the maximum value of the amount of electrons detected by the detector 9 can be calculated according to the intensity of the excitation light L. Alternatively, the maximum value of the amount of electrons detected by the detector 9 can be obtained from an actual measurement value. Therefore, in the electron beam center detection step (ST4), a threshold is set with reference to the maximum value of the amount of electrons detected by the detector 9, and the incident axis information processing device 7 is set in the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3).
- the threshold value may be set as appropriate, such as 90% or more, 95% or more of the maximum value.
- the degree of coincidence (preset deviation range) between the center line BC of the electron beam BN in the first state and the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E can be adjusted.
- the electron beam BN determined as “yes” in the electron beam arrival detection step (ST2) is parallel to the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E as shown in FIG.
- the electron beam BN emitted from the photocathode 3 is irradiated.
- the center line BC coincides with the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E.
- the electron beam BN reaching the stop D1 is not shielded by the stop D2
- the electron beam BN reaches a threshold value set with reference to the maximum value of the amount of electrons, and is determined as “yes” in the electron beam center detection step (ST4). If it is determined as “yes” in the electron beam center detection step (ST4), the processing is terminated because the alignment has been appropriately performed.
- the electron beam BN determined as “yes” in the electron beam arrival detection step (ST2) is inclined with respect to the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E as shown in FIG.
- the excitation light L is irradiated to the position stored in the incident-axis information processing device 7 in the first excitation light irradiation position adjusting step (ST3), as shown in FIG. 7d, the electron beam BN emitted from the photocathode 3
- the center line BC does not coincide with the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- a first electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST5) is performed.
- the alignment device 6 is driven using the incident axis information processing device 7, and the emission direction of the electron beam BN emitted from the photocathode 3 is obtained. To deflect.
- the deflection of the emission direction of the electron beam BN and the detection by the detector 9 are repeated, and the value (the deflection amount of the electron beam BN) that the detector 9 detects the maximum amount of electrons is determined.
- the deflection amount of the electron beam B can be adjusted by the amount of electricity supplied to the coil.
- the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step is performed again while deflecting the electron beam BN under the deflection conditions set in the first electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST5).
- the electron beam BN that is closer to the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E can be irradiated toward the stop D1.
- the loop of ST5 ⁇ ST3 ⁇ ST4 may be repeated until “yes” is determined in ST4. By repeating the loop, the alignment accuracy can be increased.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6).
- FIG. 8a shows the electron beam BN in the first state before performing the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6)
- FIG. 8b shows the electron after the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6).
- a beam hereinafter, an expanded electron beam is referred to as “electron beam BW”) is shown.
- the electron gun 1 equipped with the photocathode 3 emits the electron beam BN in the first state by irradiating the photocathode 3 with the excitation light L.
- the electron gun 1 is mounted on the counterpart device E and the deviation from the intended position is large, the electron beam BN in the first state may not irradiate the area of the stop D1 at all. In that case, in the conventional method, it was necessary to repeat the adjustment of the mounting position of the electron gun 1 and the detection by the detector 9 so that the electron beam BN reaches the detector 9.
- the irradiation region of the electron beam BW that reaches the stop D1 of the counterpart device E is changed to the first region. It is expanded from the irradiation region of the electron beam BN in the state 1. Therefore, even if the mounting position of the electron gun 1 is slightly deviated from the intended position, the electron beam BW passes through the apertures D1 and D2, and the detector 9 can easily detect the electron beam. Therefore, it is not necessary to repeat the adjustment of the mounting position of the electron gun 1 and the presence or absence of detection by the detector 9, or the number of operations is reduced and the time required for alignment can be shortened.
- expanding from the irradiation region of the electron beam in the first state means irradiation of the electron beam BW that irradiates the aperture D1 of the counterpart device E after the “electron beam irradiation region expansion step”. This means that the region (the area where the electron beam B reaches when the diaphragm D1 is assumed to be a plane) is expanded from the irradiation region of the electron beam BN in the first state.
- “expand from the irradiation region of the electron beam in the first state” means that the central axis of the electron beam (BN, BW) is used instead of the region where the electron beam (BN, BW) is actually irradiated.
- a second electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST7) is performed.
- the second electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST7) is the same procedure as the first electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST5), except that the electron beam BW expanded in the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6) is deflected. Can be implemented.
- a second excitation light irradiation position adjusting step (ST8) is performed.
- the second excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST8) uses the electron beam BW expanded in the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6), and the direction of the electron beam BW deflected in the second electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST7). Is performed in the same procedure as the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3), except that the irradiation position of the excitation light L is changed (scanned) while maintaining the deflection condition (maintaining the deflection condition of the alignment device 6). Can do.
- the center of the irradiation region determined in the second excitation light irradiation position adjusting step (ST8) is stored in the incident axis information processing device 7 as the irradiation center of the excitation light L, and the center of the excitation light L coincides with the stored irradiation center.
- the center line BC of the emitted electron beam BN coincides with the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E.
- an electron beam irradiation region restoration step is performed.
- the electron beam BW may be returned to the electron beam BN in the first state by the reverse procedure of the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6). At that time, it may be restored so that the center of the excitation light L coincides with the irradiation center stored in the second excitation light irradiation position adjusting step (ST8).
- the electron beam irradiation region restoration step (ST9) After the electron beam irradiation region restoration step (ST9) is completed, it is confirmed whether or not the electron beam BN returned to the first state has been correctly aligned by returning to the electron beam arrival detection step (ST2). do it. Note that after the electron beam arrival detection (ST2) determines “no”, the electron beam BW is deflected by the second electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST7). Therefore, the center line BC of the electron beam BW after the second electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST7) is at least parallel to the incident axis OA of the electron optical system of the counterpart device E. Therefore, after performing the electron beam irradiation region restoration step (ST9), the processing may be terminated assuming that the alignment is appropriately performed.
- the first embodiment of the incident axis alignment method is implemented by performing each of the above steps, but each step may be added, changed, or deleted as long as the incident axis alignment is within a feasible range.
- the second electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST7) is not included, in other words, may be an arbitrary step.
- the second electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST7) may be performed after the second excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST8).
- the first electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST5) is provided between the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3) and the electron beam center detection step (ST4), and the electron beam center detection step (ST4) is “no”.
- the process may return to the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3).
- the first electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST5) is provided between the electron beam arrival detection step (ST2) and the first excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST3), and the electron beam center detection step (ST4) is “no”.
- the process may return to the first electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST5).
- the mounting accuracy can be increased by precisely fabricating the mounting structure of the mounting portion of the counterpart device E and the electron gun 1, the first excitation light is directly applied after the excitation light irradiation step (ST1). You may progress to an irradiation position adjustment process (ST3).
- ST3 irradiation position adjustment process
- Embodiment A will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 9, and 10.
- 9a and 9b are diagrams for explaining a specific example of the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6).
- the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6) is performed by expanding the irradiation region of the excitation light L incident on the photocathode 3.
- the irradiation region of the electron beam emitted from the photocathode 3 is expanded as the irradiation region of the excitation light L is expanded. Therefore, when FIG.
- the irradiation region of the excitation light L applied to the photocathode 3 is the electron beam in the first state. It expands from the irradiation area
- the irradiation region of the excitation light L is expanded using the excitation light irradiation region adjusting device 21 provided between the light source 2 and the photocathode 3.
- the excitation light irradiation region adjusting device 21 is not particularly limited as long as the irradiation region of the excitation light L can be expanded, and examples thereof include an optical device (method).
- an optical device when the excitation light L is condensed during normal operation (when the electron beam BN in the first state is emitted), the condenser lens is removed, the focus is removed, and the concave lens is used. Means (methods) such as adding can be mentioned.
- the excitation light L may be expanded by inserting a lens or using a beam expander or the like.
- an optical device a reflective optical system using a mirror with a curvature or the like may be used instead of a transmission optical system such as a lens.
- FIGS. 10a and 10b are diagrams showing an example of an embodiment in which the irradiation position of the excitation light L is changed in the second excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST8).
- FIG. 10a is a diagram showing a state where the irradiation region of the excitation light L is expanded by the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6)
- FIG. 10b is a diagram of the excitation light L generated by the second excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST8). It is a figure which shows the state after changing (scanning) an irradiation position. In the example shown in FIGS.
- the light source 2 and the excitation light irradiation area adjusting device 21 are integrally handled as the light source unit 2a, and the excitation light irradiation direction control for controlling the direction of the excitation light L emitted from the light source unit 2a is performed.
- a device 22 is provided.
- the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22 is not particularly limited as long as it can control the direction of the excitation light L emitted from the light source unit 2a. For example, in the example shown in FIGS.
- a light source unit rotation device 22a that changes the position where the excitation light L emitted from the light source unit 2a irradiates the photocathode 3 is provided.
- the light source unit rotation device 22a is not particularly limited as long as the light source unit 2a can be rotated.
- a known rotation mechanism that can rotate the attached light source unit 2a in any direction may be used.
- the center line BC of the electron beam BW and the electron optical system of the counterpart device E are changed by rotating the light source unit 2a to change (scan) the irradiation position of the excitation light L.
- a light source unit plane direction moving device that moves the light source unit 2a in the plane direction may be used.
- the planar movement device can use a known movement mechanism that can move in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
- the incident axis information processing device 7 is also connected to and controlled by the excitation light irradiation region adjustment device 21 and the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22.
- the irradiation position of the excitation light L may be changed (scanned) in a state where the excitation light irradiation region adjustment device 21 does not function.
- the incident axis information processing device 7 controls the light source unit rotation device 22a to be in the stored rotation position, or stores the stored X-axis and Y-axis coordinates. Then, the light source unit parallel movement device is driven and controlled, and then the excitation light irradiation region adjustment device 21 is returned to the normal operation state.
- parts not particularly mentioned may be performed in the same procedure as that of the first embodiment of the incident axis alignment method.
- FIG. 11a is a diagram showing a state where the irradiation region of the excitation light L is expanded by the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6)
- FIG. 11b shows the state of the excitation light L by the second excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST8). It is a figure which shows the state after changing (scanning) an irradiation position.
- an excitation light scanning device 22b is used as the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22 instead of the light source unit rotation device 22a (light source unit parallel movement device). This is different from the embodiment A.
- the excitation light scanning device 22b is provided between the excitation light irradiation region adjustment device 21 and the photocathode 3, as shown in FIG. 11b, and changes the irradiation direction of the excitation light L expanded by the excitation light irradiation region adjustment device 21. If there is, there is no particular limitation. Specific examples of the excitation light scanning device 22b include a polygon mirror, a MEMS mirror, and a galvanometer mirror. By using the excitation light scanning device 22b, the direction of the excitation light L emitted from the light source 2 can be controlled. As a result, the position where the excitation light L irradiates the photocathode 3 is continuously changed, and the photocathode is changed.
- the position of the electron beam BW emitted from 3 can be continuously changed.
- What is necessary is just to memorize
- the incident axis information processing device 7 controls the control conditions of the excitation light scanning device 22b to the stored conditions, and then the excitation light irradiation region adjustment device 21 is operated normally. Return to the state.
- excitation light scanning device 22b is provided instead of the light source unit rotating device 22a (light source unit parallel movement device) is shown.
- the moving device 22a (light source unit parallel moving device) and the excitation light scanning device 22b may be used in combination.
- FIG. 12a is a diagram showing an electron beam BN in a first state in the embodiment C.
- FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating the electron beam BW after the electron beam BN is expanded by the electron beam irradiation region expanding step (ST6) in the embodiment C.
- the excitation light L emitted from the light source 2 is expanded using the excitation light irradiation region adjusting device 21, and the expanded excitation light L is used as a photocathode.
- Embodiment C differs in that the irradiation region of the electron beam B is expanded by irradiating the photocathode 3 while scanning the excitation light L.
- the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22 rotates or translates the light source unit 2 a including the light source 2 and the excitation light irradiation region adjustment device 21.
- the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22 differs in that the light source 2 is directly rotated or translated, but the light source unit rotating device and the light source unit of Embodiment A are different. A device similar to the translation device can be used.
- Embodiment C instead of the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22 that directly rotates or translates the light source 2, the excitation light scanning device 22b of Embodiment B is used as it is, and an electron beam irradiation region is used.
- An expansion step (ST6) may be performed. Moreover, you may use combining the rotation apparatus (parallel movement apparatus) of the light source 2, and the excitation light scanning apparatus 22b.
- the incident axis information processing device 7 stores the scan region of the excitation light L when the detected electron beam BW reaches the detector 9, and stores it in the second electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST7). It is preferable to scan the excitation light L in the scan region.
- the excitation light L is scanned by using the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22, so that the center line BC of the electron beam BW and the electron optical system of the counterpart device E enter.
- a position where the axes OA coincide can be determined.
- the rotation position determined by scanning or the coordinates of the X axis and the Y axis may be stored in the incident axis information processing apparatus 7.
- the excitation light scanning device 22 b is used as the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22, the determined control conditions of the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22 may be stored in the incident axis information processing device 7.
- the incident axis information processing device 7 becomes the rotation position stored in the second excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST8) or the X-axis and Y-axis coordinates.
- the excitation light irradiation direction control device 22 may be set to drive control or the control conditions of the stored excitation light scanning device 22b.
- Embodiment D Embodiment D will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 13.
- the incident axis information processing device 7 is also connected to the power supply 8.
- the excitation light L between the light source 2 and the photocathode 3 is controlled.
- the electron beam emitted from the photocathode 3 is applied.
- the electron beam irradiation area is expanded by changing the acceleration voltage.
- the irradiation region of the electron beam BN emitted from the photocathode 3 is reduced when the acceleration voltage applied to the photocathode 3 and the anode 4 is increased.
- the acceleration voltage when the acceleration voltage is decreased, the irradiation region of the electron beam BW is expanded. Therefore, when FIG. 13A shows the electron beam BN in the first state, in the embodiment D, the electron beam irradiation region is obtained by making the acceleration voltage smaller than the acceleration voltage when the electron beam in the first state is irradiated. Can be extended. In the electron beam irradiation region restoration step (ST9), the acceleration voltage may be returned to the normal operation state.
- the excitation light L between the light source 2 and the photocathode 3 is controlled, and in the embodiment D, the electron beam BN emitted from the photocathode 3 is controlled.
- the irradiation region of the electron beam BN can be changed by adjusting the acceleration voltage.
- the position of the electron gun itself is adjusted or alignment is performed.
- the first and second excitation light irradiation position adjustment steps can be adjusted only by changing the irradiation position of the excitation light L.
- alignment can be easily achieved due to the unique configuration of the electron gun equipped with a photocathode.
- Embodiments A to D have been described above, but the embodiments may be combined as necessary.
- the excitation light L may be scanned as in Embodiment C while the excitation light L irradiation region is expanded by the excitation light irradiation region adjusting device 21 of Embodiment A.
- Embodiment D may be added to Embodiments A to C.
- a program for carrying out the first embodiment (embodiments A to D) of the incident axis alignment method described above may be installed in a memory of a control device that controls each component of the electron gun 1. However, it may be provided as a computer program. By installing the program in the memory of the control device, the control device functions as the incident axis information processing device 7. When provided as a computer program, the alignment of the incident axis of an electron gun equipped with an existing photocathode can be automated.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the second embodiment of the incident axis alignment method.
- the electron beam BN is irradiated only when the electron beam BN in the first state is first irradiated and the arrival of the electron beam BN is not detected in the electron beam arrival detection step (ST2).
- the area expansion process (ST6) was performed. For this reason, when a skilled person mounts the electron gun 1 on the counterpart device E, when the electron gun 1 can be mounted at an almost intended position, there is an effect that alignment can be performed quickly.
- the second embodiment of the incident axis alignment method is different from the first embodiment of the incident axis alignment method of the electron gun in that the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6) is first performed.
- the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6) is first performed. There is an effect that the arrival of BW can be easily detected.
- the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6) is first performed, then the excitation light irradiation step (ST1), and the electron beam arrival detection step (ST2). ) In order.
- the electron beam irradiation region expansion step (ST6) is first performed, the possibility of detecting the arrival of the electron beam BW in the electron beam arrival detection step (ST2) is quite high.
- arrival cannot be detected determined as “no” in ST2
- an electron gun remounting process (ST10) is performed, and the process returns to the electron beam irradiation area expanding process (ST6).
- the process may be terminated.
- Specific procedures of the second excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST8) and the electron beam irradiation region restoration step (ST9) may be the same as those in the first embodiment of the incident axis alignment method.
- each step may be added or changed as long as the incident axis alignment is within a possible range.
- the alignment may be performed again with the restored electron beam BN, and the process may be terminated after the alignment accuracy is improved or the alignment is confirmed.
- the second electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST7) is not included, in other words, may be an arbitrary step.
- the second electron beam emission direction deflection step (ST7) may be performed after the second excitation light irradiation position adjustment step (ST8).
- the counterpart device E on which the electron gun is mounted may be a known device on which an electron gun is mounted.
- electron microscope, electron beam holography device, electron beam drawing device, electron beam diffraction device, electron beam inspection device, electron beam metal additive manufacturing device, electron beam lithography device, electron beam processing device, electron beam curing device, electron beam sterilization examples thereof include an apparatus, an electron beam sterilizer, a plasma generator, an atomic element generator, a spin-polarized electron beam generator, a cathode luminescence device, and a reverse photoelectron spectrometer.
- the incident axis alignment method of an electron gun equipped with a photocathode disclosed in this specification, a computer program, and an electron gun equipped with a photocathode can be used to automate the incident axis alignment of an electron gun equipped with a photocathode. Therefore, it is useful for a manufacturer who manufactures a device equipped with an electron gun, a vendor who uses the device, or an incident axis alignment method.
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Abstract
Description
前記電子銃は、前記フォトカソードに励起光を照射することで第1の状態の電子ビームを射出することができ、
前記方法は、
励起光照射工程と、
前記フォトカソードへの前記励起光の照射位置を変化させ、前記励起光の照射位置を調整する第1励起光照射位置調整工程と、
前記第1の状態の電子ビームの中心線と電子光学系の入射軸が一致したか否かを検出する電子ビーム中心検出工程と、
を少なくとも含む、入射軸合わせ方法。
(2)前記第1の状態の電子ビームの射出方向を前記フォトカソードとは離れた位置で偏向する第1電子ビーム射出方向偏向工程、
を更に含み、
前記第1電子ビーム射出方向偏向工程は、前記電子ビーム中心検出工程で第1の状態の電子ビームの中心線と電子光学系の入射軸とが一致しないと判定した場合に進む、
上記(1)に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。
(3)電子光学系の絞りを通過し、検出器に電子ビームが到達したか否かを検出する電子ビーム到達検出工程と、
前記フォトカソードに励起光を照射することで射出される電子ビームが照射する照射領域を、前記第1の状態の電子ビームの照射領域より拡張する電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程と、
前記励起光の照射位置を変化させ、前記励起光の照射位置を調整する第2励起光照射位置調整工程と、
前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程により拡張した電子ビームを第1の状態に戻す電子ビーム照射領域復元工程と、
を更に含み、
前記電子ビーム到達検出工程は、前記励起光照射工程の直後に設けられ、
前記電子ビーム到達検出工程で電子ビームの到達を検出した場合は、前記第1励起光照射位置調整工程に進み、
前記電子ビーム到達検出工程で電子ビームの到達を検出しなかった場合は、前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程に進み、
前記第2励起光照射位置調整工程は、前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程と前記電子ビーム照射領域復元工程の間に設けられる、
上記(1)または(2)に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。
(4)前記第2励起光照射位置調整工程の直前または直後に、
前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程により拡張した電子ビームの射出方向をフォトカソードとは離れた位置で偏向する第2電子ビーム射出方向偏向工程
を含む、上記(3)に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。
(5)前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程および前記電子ビーム照射領域復元工程が、励起光照射領域調整装置を用いて前記励起光の照射領域を変えることで行われる、
上記(3)または(4)に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。
(6)前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程が、励起光照射方向制御装置を用いて前記励起光の照射位置を連続的に変化することで行われ、
前記電子ビーム照射領域復元工程が、前記励起光照射方向制御装置を用いて前記励起光の照射位置を変化しないことで行われる、
上記(3)または(4)に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。
(7)前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程および前記電子ビーム照射領域復元工程が、射出された電子ビームに印加する加速電圧を変えることで行われる、
上記(3)または(4)に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。
(8)前記第1励起光照射位置調整工程が、励起光照射方向制御装置を用いて行われる、
上記(1)乃至(7)の何れか一つに記載の入射軸合わせ方法。
(9)前記第2励起光照射位置調整工程が、励起光照射方向制御装置を用いて行われる、
上記(3)乃至(8)の何れか一つに記載の入射軸合わせ方法。
(10)前記電子ビーム照射領域復元工程の後に、前記電子ビーム到達検出工程に進む、
上記(3)乃至(9)の何れか一つに記載の入射軸合わせ方法。
(11)プロセッサ及び前記プロセッサの制御下にあるメモリを含むコンピュータに、
上記(1)乃至(10)の何れか一つに記載の各工程を実行させる、
コンピュータプログラム。
(12)フォトカソードを搭載した電子銃であって、該電子銃は、
プロセッサ及び前記プロセッサの制御下にあるメモリを含むコンピュータを少なくとも備え、
前記メモリには、上記(1)乃至(10)の何れか一つに記載の各工程を前記コンピュータに実行させるためのコンピュータプログラムが記録されている、
フォトカソードを搭載した電子銃。
図1を参照して、電子銃の構成例について説明する。図1は、電子銃1、および、電子銃1を搭載した装置E(以下、電子銃1を搭載した装置に関し、電子銃1を除いた部分を「相手側装置」と記載することがある。)を模式的に示す図である。
図1乃至図8を参照して、電子銃の入射軸合わせ方法の第1の実施形態の概略について説明する。図2は、入射軸合わせ方法の第1の実施形態の一例を示すフローチャートである。図3は、電子銃1を相手側装置Eに搭載した際に、検出器9に到達する電子ビームBNと検出器9で検出する電子量の関係を説明するための図である。図4は、第1励起光照射位置調整工程(ST3)の概略を説明するための図である。図5は、第1励起光照射位置調整工程(ST3)において、励起光Lをスキャンした際の電子ビームBNの位置の変化と、検出器9で検出する電子の強度(電子量)の関係を説明するための図である。図6は、電子ビームBNの照射領域と電子量の関係を説明するための図である。図7は、電子ビーム中心検出工程(ST4)の概略を説明するための図である。図8は電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程(ST6)の概略を説明するための図である。
図1、図9および図10を参照して、実施形態Aについて説明する。図9aおよび図9bは、電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程(ST6)の具体例を説明するための図である。実施形態Aでは、図9aおよび図9bに示すように、電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程(ST6)はフォトカソード3に入射する励起光Lの照射領域を拡張することで行われる。図9a及び図9bに示すように、励起光Lの照射領域が拡張するほどフォトカソード3から射出する電子ビームの照射領域は拡張する。したがって、図9aが第1の状態の電子ビームBNとした場合、実施形態Aでは、図9bに示すように、フォトカソード3に照射する励起光Lの照射領域を、第1の状態の電子ビームBNを射出するための励起光Lの照射領域より拡張する。図9bに示す例では、励起光Lの照射領域は、光源2とフォトカソード3の間に設けられている励起光照射領域調整装置21を用いて拡張している。
図11aおよび図11bを参照して、実施形態Bについて説明する。図11aは、電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程(ST6)により、励起光Lの照射領域を拡張した状態を示す図で、図11bは第2励起光照射位置調整工程(ST8)により、励起光Lの照射位置を変化(スキャン)させた後の状態を示す図である。実施形態Bでは、第2励起光照射位置調整工程(ST8)において、励起光照射方向制御装置22として、光源ユニット回動装置22a(光源ユニット平行移動装置)に代え、励起光スキャン装置22bを用いている点で実施形態Aと異なる。
図1および図12を参照して、実施形態Cについて説明する。図12aは、実施形態Cにおいて、第1の状態の電子ビームBNを示す図である。図12bは、実施形態Cにおいて、電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程(ST6)により電子ビームBNを拡張した後の電子ビームBWを示す図である。実施形態Aおよび実施形態Bでは、電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程(ST6)において、励起光照射領域調整装置21を用いて光源2から射出した励起光Lを拡張し、拡張した励起光Lをフォトカソード3に照射しているが、実施形態Cでは、励起光Lをスキャンしながらフォトカソード3に照射することで、電子ビームBの照射領域を拡張する点で異なる。
図1及び図13を参照して、実施形態Dについて説明する。なお、図1及び図13では図示が省略されているが、入射軸情報処理装置7は電源8にも接続している。実施形態A乃至Cは、光源2とフォトカソード3との間における励起光Lを制御しているが、実施形態Dでは、図13bに示すように、フォトカソード3から射出された電子ビームに印加する加速電圧を変えることで電子ビーム照射領域拡張が行われる。図13aに示すように、フォトカソード3から射出した電子ビームBNの照射領域は、フォトカソード3とアノード4に印加する加速電圧を大きくすると縮小する。一方、図13bに示すように、加速電圧を小さくすると、電子ビームBWの照射領域は拡張する。したがって、図13aが第1の状態の電子ビームBNとした場合、実施形態Dでは、第1の状態の電子ビームを照射する際の加速電圧より、加速電圧を小さくすることで、電子ビーム照射領域の拡張ができる。そして、電子ビーム照射領域復元工程(ST9)では、加速電圧を通常運転の状態に戻せばよい。
図14を参照して、電子銃の入射軸合わせ方法の第2の実施形態の概略について説明する。図14は、入射軸合わせ方法の第2の実施形態の一例を示すフローチャートである。入射軸合わせ方法の第1の実施形態では、第1の状態の電子ビームBNを先ず照射し、電子ビーム到達検出工程(ST2)で電子ビームBNの到達を検出しなかった場合のみ、電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程(ST6)を実施していた。そのため、熟練した者が電子銃1を相手側装置Eに搭載することで、ほぼ所期の位置に電子銃1を搭載できる場合は、迅速にアライメントが実施できるという効果を奏する。
Claims (12)
- フォトカソードを搭載した電子銃の入射軸合わせ方法であって、
前記電子銃は、前記フォトカソードに励起光を照射することで第1の状態の電子ビームを射出することができ、
前記方法は、
励起光照射工程と、
前記フォトカソードへの前記励起光の照射位置を変化させ、前記励起光の照射位置を調整する第1励起光照射位置調整工程と、
前記第1の状態の電子ビームの中心線と電子光学系の入射軸が一致したか否かを検出する電子ビーム中心検出工程と、
を少なくとも含む、入射軸合わせ方法。 - 前記第1の状態の電子ビームの射出方向を前記フォトカソードとは離れた位置で偏向する第1電子ビーム射出方向偏向工程、
を更に含み、
前記第1電子ビーム射出方向偏向工程は、前記電子ビーム中心検出工程で第1の状態の電子ビームの中心線と電子光学系の入射軸とが一致しないと判定した場合に進む、
請求項1に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。 - 電子光学系の絞りを通過し、検出器に電子ビームが到達したか否かを検出する電子ビーム到達検出工程と、
前記フォトカソードに励起光を照射することで射出される電子ビームが照射する照射領域を、前記第1の状態の電子ビームの照射領域より拡張する電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程と、
前記励起光の照射位置を変化させ、前記励起光の照射位置を調整する第2励起光照射位置調整工程と、
前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程により拡張した電子ビームを第1の状態に戻す電子ビーム照射領域復元工程と、
を更に含み、
前記電子ビーム到達検出工程は、前記励起光照射工程の直後に設けられ、
前記電子ビーム到達検出工程で電子ビームの到達を検出した場合は、前記第1励起光照射位置調整工程に進み、
前記電子ビーム到達検出工程で電子ビームの到達を検出しなかった場合は、前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程に進み、
前記第2励起光照射位置調整工程は、前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程と前記電子ビーム照射領域復元工程の間に設けられる、
請求項1または2に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。 - 前記第2励起光照射位置調整工程の直前または直後に、
前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程により拡張した電子ビームの射出方向をフォトカソードとは離れた位置で偏向する第2電子ビーム射出方向偏向工程
を含む、請求項3に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。 - 前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程および前記電子ビーム照射領域復元工程が、励起光照射領域調整装置を用いて前記励起光の照射領域を変えることで行われる、
請求項3または4に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。 - 前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程が、励起光照射方向制御装置を用いて前記励起光の照射位置を連続的に変化することで行われ、
前記電子ビーム照射領域復元工程が、前記励起光照射方向制御装置を用いて前記励起光の照射位置を変化しないことで行われる、
請求項3または4に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。 - 前記電子ビーム照射領域拡張工程および前記電子ビーム照射領域復元工程が、射出された電子ビームに印加する加速電圧を変えることで行われる、
請求項3または4に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。 - 前記第1励起光照射位置調整工程が、励起光照射方向制御装置を用いて行われる、
請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。 - 前記第2励起光照射位置調整工程が、励起光照射方向制御装置を用いて行われる、
請求項3乃至8の何れか一項に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。 - 前記電子ビーム照射領域復元工程の後に、前記電子ビーム到達検出工程に進む、
請求項3乃至9の何れか一項に記載の入射軸合わせ方法。 - プロセッサ及び前記プロセッサの制御下にあるメモリを含むコンピュータに、
請求項1乃至10の何れか一項に記載の各工程を実行させる、
コンピュータプログラム。 - フォトカソードを搭載した電子銃であって、該電子銃は、
プロセッサ及び前記プロセッサの制御下にあるメモリを含むコンピュータを少なくとも備え、
前記メモリには、請求項1乃至10の何れか一項に記載の各工程を前記コンピュータに実行させるためのコンピュータプログラムが記録されている、
フォトカソードを搭載した電子銃。
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