WO2019218960A1 - 一种含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束及应用 - Google Patents
一种含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- Example 1 is a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of polydop amino acid-polysarcosine block copolymer (A) and polysarcosine (B) prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
- the hydrodynamic diameter of the polymer nanomicelles in solution was measured by a Zetasizer Nano Series (Malvern Instruments) detector at a wavelength of 657 nm, a fixed angle of 90°, and each sample was tested in parallel three times.
- the TEM image of the micelle is shown in Figure 2; the DLS test results are shown in Figure 3. 2 and 3, the prepared micelles had an average particle diameter of 20 nm.
- the cytotoxicity of the micelles was determined by the MTT method, and five parallel samples were set for each sample.
- the results of cytotoxicity assay are shown in Figure 6, indicating that all samples showed little cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5-500 ⁇ g/mL.
- concentration was greater than 50 ⁇ g/mL
- the cell viability decreased slightly with increasing concentration. The decline, but remained above 85%, indicating that this Fe 3+ magnetic resonance contrast agent is low in biotoxicity and has good biocompatibility.
- POEGMA-g-PDOPA polydoba amino acid-poly(ethylene glycol acrylate) graft polymer
- Example 2 Other performance test conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the micelle average particle diameter was 35 nm, which had an MRI in vitro reinforcing effect.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束,以可生物降解的聚多巴氨基酸嵌段侧链的儿茶酚结构来螯合三价铁离子;本发明还提供了上述胶束的制备方法,包括:将含有聚多巴氨基酸的两亲性聚合物与三价铁离子化合物络合,并通过溶剂置换法得到含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束。将本发明制备得到的胶束作为Fe3+磁共振T1成像对比剂,可以避免传统钆试剂造成的毒副作用,且其纵向弛豫率(r1)为5.6mM-1s-1,小鼠体内循环时间可达150分钟,而且成像效果明显,综合性能远高于商用钆对比剂,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
本发明属于磁共振成像领域,具体涉及一种含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束及应用。
磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,简称MRI)是利用核磁共振原理外加高频梯度磁场检测体内发射出的电磁波,据此可以绘制物体内部的结构图像。由于其具有无创性、实时监测以及能提供高分辨率的软组织信息和三维结构成像等优势,是当代最先进的临床医学检查技术之一(Nat.Rev.Neurosci.2007,8,700-711)。
在临床应用中,为了提高正常组织与病变组织之间的对比度,超过30%的诊断需要使用磁共振对比剂。目前应用于临床的磁共振对比剂主要为钆离子的配合物:Gd-DTPA(商品名:Magnevist)、Gd-DOTA(商品名:Dotarem)等(J.Magn.Reson.Imaging 2009,30,1259-1267),但由于这类小分子钆对比剂在血液和组织中的清除半衰期一般在30min以内,驻留时间相对较短,影响了其在临床上的应用(Anal.Chim.Acta.2013,764,1-16)。
除此之外,许多临床研究表明Gd
3+试剂存在生物毒性,其在人体皮肤及内脏富集,会增加肾功能缺陷的患者进一步恶化为一种罕见且致命性疾病:肾源性系统性纤维化(NSF)的风险(Nephrol.Dial.Transpl.2006,21,1745-1745),且会在脑组织内长期沉积(Radiology.2017,285,546-554)。
因此,开发一种低毒或是无毒的磁共振对比剂,是目前亟待解决的问题。
目前,临床上使用的低毒或无毒的非钆磁共振对比剂主要为以菲立磁(超顺磁氧化铁注射液)为代表的T
2成像对比剂,与钆对比剂相比,具有以下优 势:1)在体内易被网状内皮系统吞噬,用于肝脾等靶向部位病变的检出和诊断;2)T
2WI序列上每单位金属铁能够产生更多的信号强度改变,驰豫性能高及检测更敏感;3)在体内具有生物可降解性,可经细胞内正常代谢途径进入体内铁循环。其缺点一方面T
2成像对比剂与气体、骨皮质及体内铁沉积等低信号物质难以区分;另外一方面应用范围局限,受制于网状内皮系统。为改变其生物相容性,延长其血液中的循环时间,需要对铁氧化物纳米微粒进行表面改性。
如专利CN102552944B公开了一种鼻咽癌靶向磁共振对比剂,采用化学共沉淀法合成粒径约10~15nm的超顺磁Fe
3O
4,用APTES包覆或连接到10~15nm的超顺磁Fe
3O
4上,使其表面氨基化,得到Fe
3O
4-APTES表面改性微粒,聚乙二醇作为Fe
3O
4-APTES与EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白1单克隆抗体(LMP1,Clone CS.1-4)之间的连接臂,将二者连接起来,得到分散稳定的Fe
3O
4-APTES-PEG-LMP1,Clone CS.1-4胶体溶液作为磁共振对比剂。
但是,铁氧化物纳米微粒的表面改性一般步骤繁琐,耗时长成本高,且T
2成像磁共振对比剂基本已被淘汰,因此需要开发新型可替代钆的磁共振T
1成像对比剂。
发明内容
本发明提供一种含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束,具有优异的生物相容性和生物可降解性,以其作为或制备得到的Fe
3+磁共振对比剂是一种新型无毒高效的无钆T
1成像MRI对比剂,其驰豫性能高,体内循环时间长。
一种含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束,形成所述纳米胶束的两亲性聚合物中的疏水性嵌段为具有生物可降解性的聚多巴氨基酸嵌段;所述的含有聚多巴氨基酸的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束以聚多巴氨基酸嵌段侧链的儿茶酚官能团螯合三价铁离子,螯合键示意图如下式所示:
本发明在于提供一种生物相容性好的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束,因疏水性嵌段为聚多巴氨基酸嵌段,无毒,生物相容性好,因此从广义上将,所述的两亲性聚合物中的亲水性嵌段选用生物相容性好的聚合物嵌段都可行,作为优选,所述的亲水性嵌段选用聚肌氨酸嵌段、聚乙二醇嵌段、聚甲基丙烯酸寡聚乙二醇酯嵌段、聚乙烯醇嵌段或聚丙烯酸嵌段等。进一步优选,所述亲水性嵌段为聚肌氨酸嵌段、聚乙二醇嵌段或聚甲基丙烯酸寡聚乙二醇酯嵌段。
聚合物的聚合度影响聚合物的溶解性、柔顺性,两亲性聚合物的疏水性嵌段与亲水性嵌段的聚合度更是会影响所形成的胶束稳定性等,综合考量,所述的聚多巴氨基酸嵌段的链节长度优选为1~500;所述亲水性嵌段的链节长度优选为1~1500。
本发明所述的胶束为广义定义范围内的胶束:由于两亲性聚合物的疏水部分与水的亲和力较小,而亲水部分之间的吸引力较大,当两亲性聚合物在水中达到一定浓度时,其疏水部分便相互吸引,缔合在一起,形成各种形状(如球形,层状,棒状等)的缔合体,这种缔合体即为广义上的胶束。相应地,所述的两亲性聚合物包括含聚多巴氨基酸嵌段的两嵌段、三嵌段、多嵌段、无规、星形、环形、接枝聚合物等各种拓扑结构的两亲性聚合物。
所述的含有聚多巴氨基酸的两亲性聚合物代表性例子包括以下结构:
其中,R
1独立地选自烷基、苄基、硅基;R
2独立地选自烷基;m为1~1500的整数,n为1~500的整数,n
1为1~200的整数。
聚合度越小,两亲性聚合物相对合成更容易,聚合反应所需时间更短,且所形成的胶束稳定性相对好,因此,作为进一步优选,聚多巴氨基酸的链节长度在5~50之间,聚肌氨酸或聚乙二醇的链节长度在5~200之间。
本发明还提供了上述含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束的制备方法,操作简单、易行,包括:
(1)参照文献(Miaoer Yu,and Timothy J.Deming,Synthetic Polypeptide Mimics of Marine Adhesives,Macromolecules,1998,31(15),4739-4745)报道的聚氨基酸制备方法结合现有共聚方法合成含有聚多巴氨基酸的两亲性聚合物;
(2)将步骤1得到的含有聚多巴氨基酸的两亲性聚合物与三价铁离子化合物络合,并通过溶剂置换法得到含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束。
所述的三价铁离子化合物为硝酸铁、硫酸铁、氯化铁、溴化铁等中的一种或者多种。作为进一步的优选,三价铁离子化合物为硝酸铁。
本发明还提供了上述含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束作为或制备磁共振T
1成像对比剂在磁共振成像领域中的应用。
以含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束制备磁共振对比剂时,可以添加药学用赋形剂、稀释剂或辅料等。本发明提供的磁共振T
1成像对比剂可以经口或经肠胃外给药(以静脉给药为主)于人及非人哺乳动物(如小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠、兔子、猫、狗、猪等)。剂量随给药对象、磁共振成像部位、剂型、给药途径等而不同。
本发明提供的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束作为或制备磁共振对比剂的粒径只要达到纳米级,其具有的良好分散性能足以避免磁共振对比剂颗粒团聚易至动物死亡的问题,作为进一步优选,其平均粒径为20~200nm。
本发明提供的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束作为或制备磁共振对比剂时,只要有螯合的铁离子即可实现磁共振成像,从优化成像效果角度考虑,铁离子的量优选为10~1000ppm。
以本发明提供的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束作为或制备的磁共振对比剂,实验结果显示,其纵向弛豫率(r
1)为5.6mM
-1s
-1,小鼠体内循环时间可达150分钟,而且成像效果明显,综合性能远高于商用钆对比剂,有望在诊断影像学上取代传统Gd
3+对比剂,成为新型无毒高效的无钆T
1成像MRI对比剂。
本发明所述的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束作为磁共振T
1成像对比剂,不但能够靶向定位于肝脾等网状内皮系统实现T
1增强成像;还能够实现血管造影,即能够实现血管成像;且本发明提供的磁共振T
1成像对比剂可经血液循环全身分布,进入全身组织器官内实现T
1增强成像,突破了传统磁共振铁类对比剂只能靶向定位于肝脾等网状内皮系统的限制,拓宽了铁类磁共振对比剂的医学应用范围,具有良好的应用前景。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点是:
(1)本发明提供的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束可作为Fe
3+磁共振对比剂使用,生物毒性极低;而且该胶束具有良好的分散性能,避免了磁共振对比剂颗粒团聚易至动物死亡的问题。
(2)本发明中使用的含有聚多巴氨基酸的两亲性聚合物为聚氨基酸材料,具有优异的生物相容性和生物可降解性,潜在应用优势明显。
(3)以本发明提供的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束作为磁共振T
1成像对比剂,其纵向弛豫率(r
1)为5.6mM
-1s
-1,小鼠体内循环时间可达150分钟,而且成像效果明显,综合性能远高于商用钆对比剂。
(4)本发明提供的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束,制备方法简单、易行,适合工业化生产。
图1为本发明实施例1制备的聚多巴氨基酸-聚肌氨酸嵌段共聚物(A)和聚肌氨酸(B)的核磁共振氢谱图。
图2为本发明实施例1制备的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束的TEM图。
图3为本发明实施例1制备的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束的动态光散射图。
图4为本发明实施例1制备的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束的纵向弛豫时间(T
1)与铁离子浓度关系的体外实验结果图。
图5为本发明实施例1制备的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束作为Fe
3+磁共振对比剂在小鼠体内的磁共振血管成像图。
图6为本发明实施例1制备的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束的细胞毒性测试图。
图7为本发明实施例3制备的聚多巴氨基酸-聚甲基丙烯酸寡聚乙二醇酯接枝聚合物的核磁共振氢谱图。
图8为本发明实施例3制备的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束的动态光散射图。
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束的制备及应用进行具体描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例,该领域技术人员在本发明核心指导思想下做出的非本质改进和调整,仍然属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明具体实施例中涉及的表征方法简介如下:
核磁共振谱图在Bruker Avance DMX400超导核磁共振仪上25℃测定,氘代DMSO为溶剂,四甲基硅烷(TMS)作为内标。
聚合物纳米胶束在溶液中的流体力学直径通过Zetasizer Nano Series(Malvern Instruments)检测器检测,测定波长657nm,固定角度90°,每个样品平行测试3次。
纳米胶束的粒径和形貌通过HITACHI HT7700透射电子显微镜进行观测,加速电压100KV。
金属螯合聚合物纳米粒子溶液的T
1加权磁共振成像的弛豫率r
1在磁场强度为3.0T核磁共振成像仪(Signa HDxt,GE Medical Systems,Milwaukee,WI,USA)上测得。
金属螯合聚合物纳米粒子溶液的细胞毒性实验通过MTT方法实现,测试细胞为小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(NIH 3T3),测试结果通过酶标仪(Thermo Fisher Scientific,Waltham,MA)获得。
实施例1
(1)聚多巴氨基酸-聚肌氨酸嵌段共聚物(PDOPA-b-PSar)的结构式如下所示:
其中,R
1为苄基;m=5~200,n=5~50;
具体合成步骤包括:
向Schlenk瓶中加入肌氨酸NCA,用DMF溶解,再加入苄胺的DMF溶液,肌氨酸NCA与苄胺的摩尔比为5~200:1,室温反应1天,然后加入苄氧羰基(cbz)保护的多巴NCA的DMF溶液,多巴NCA与苄胺的摩尔比为5~50:1,室温反应1天,将聚合物溶液倒入乙醚中沉淀、过滤,所得的聚合物真空干燥1天,得到cbz保护的聚多巴氨基酸-聚肌氨酸嵌段共聚物。
取300mg嵌段共聚物溶解在3mL三氟乙酸中,加入4倍当量溴化氢的乙酸溶液(33%),反应3小时后用乙醚沉淀、过滤,将所得的聚合物真空干燥1天,得到聚多巴氨基酸-聚肌氨酸嵌段共聚物,收率为89%,聚合物的核磁共振氢谱图如图1所示。
(2)将称量好的7.7mg PDOPA-b-PSar用DMF溶解配置成溶液,而后缓慢加入含有1.69mg Fe(NO
3)
3·9H
2O的DMF溶液,混合均匀后,在去离子水中透析48小时,得到胶束溶液,再用孔径为0.45μm滤膜过滤后定容使用,定容后Fe
3+的浓度为94mg/L。
所述胶束的TEM图如图2所示;DLS测试结果如图3所示。由图2和3可知,制备得到的胶束平均粒径为20nm。
所述胶束的纵向弛豫时间(T
1)与铁离子浓度的关系的体外实验结果如图4所示,由图4可知,其纵向弛豫率为5.6mM
-1s
-1,高于商用钆对比剂(如 Gd-DTPA等)的弛豫率,展示了优异的体外磁共振增强能力。
用异氟烷气体将小鼠麻醉之后,经小鼠的尾静脉注入配置好的胶束生理盐水溶液,所述胶束作为Fe
3+磁共振对比剂在小鼠体内的磁共振血管成像图如图5所示,由图5可知,在注射对比剂0~30分钟内,小鼠血管信号强度迅速上升并达到峰值,可清晰观察到小鼠血管构造,随后血管信号强度逐渐降低,并在注射后150分钟左右完全廓清,说明本发明提供的含有聚多巴氨基酸(PDOPA)螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束探针在血管内的循环代谢完毕。相较商品化的Gd
3+试剂在体内循环时间不到60分钟,本发明提供的Fe
3+磁共振对比剂可以弥补其体内循环时间短的不足。
所述胶束的细胞毒性是通过MTT法测定,每个样品设置5个平行样。细胞毒性测定结果如图6所示,说明在5-500μg/mL浓度条件下,所有样品都表现出很小的细胞毒性,当浓度大于50μg/mL时细胞存活率随着浓度的上升而出现轻微的下降,但都保持在85%以上,表明这种Fe
3+磁共振对比剂生物毒性低,具有良好的生物相容性。
实施例2
(1)其他制备条件与实施例1相同,所不同的是:采用聚乙二醇胺作为大分子引发剂,制备的聚多巴氨基酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物(PDOPA-b-PEG)的结构式如下所示:
其中,R
2为甲基;m=5~200,n=5~50。
(2)将称量好的9.7mg PDOPA-b-PEG用DMF溶解配置成溶液,而后缓慢加入含有3.27mg Fe(NO
3)
3·9H
2O的DMF溶液,在去离子水中透析48小时。得到的胶束溶液用孔径为0.45μm滤膜过滤后定容使用。
其他性能测试条件与实施例1相同,胶束平均粒径为30nm,具有MRI体 外增强效果。
实施例3
(1)聚多巴氨基酸-聚甲基丙烯酸寡聚乙二醇酯接枝聚合物(POEGMA-g-PDOPA)的结构式如下所示:
其中,R
1为正丁基;m=5~200,n
1=5~50;
具体合成步骤包括:
PDOPA通过正丁胺引发cbz保护的多巴NCA的开环聚合与脱保护制备,条件与实施例1相同;聚甲基丙烯酸寡聚乙二醇酯(POEGMA)通过RAFT聚合制备。将247.4mg POEGMA和134.0mg PDOPA在1mL DMF中溶解,置于35℃油浴中反应4天,聚合物溶液倒入乙醚中沉淀、过滤、真空干燥1天,得到聚多巴氨基酸-聚甲基丙烯酸寡聚乙二醇酯接枝聚合物。聚合物的核磁共振氢谱图如图7所示。
(2)将称量好的22.7mg POEGMA-g-PDOPA用DMF溶解配置成溶液,而后缓慢加入含有5.83mg Fe(NO
3)
3·9H
2O的DMF溶液,在去离子水中透析48小时。得到的胶束溶液用孔径为0.45μm滤膜过滤后定容使用。
其他性能测试条件与实施例1相同,DLS测试结果如图8所示,胶束平均粒径为30nm,具有MRI体外增强效果。
实施例4
(1)其他制备条件与实施例1相同,所不同的是:采用聚丙烯亚胺四胺树枝状聚合物-1代(Polypropylenimine tetramine dendrimer,generation 1)作为引发剂,制得的聚多巴氨基酸-聚肌氨酸星形聚合物(PDOPA-b-PSar star copolymer) 的结构式如下所示:
其中,m=5~200,n=5~50。
(2)将称量好的10.1mg PDOPA-b-PSar star copolymer用DMF溶解配置成溶液,而后缓慢加入含有2.21mg Fe(NO
3)
3·9H
2O的DMF溶液,在去离子水中透析48小时。得到的胶束溶液用孔径为0.45μm滤膜过滤后定容使用。
其他性能测试条件与实施例1相同,胶束平均粒径为35nm,具有MRI体外增强效果。
Claims (9)
- 根据权利要求1所述的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束,其特征在于,所述的两亲性聚合物中的亲水性嵌段为聚肌氨酸嵌段、聚乙二醇嵌段、聚甲基丙烯酸寡聚乙二醇酯嵌段、聚乙烯醇嵌段或聚丙烯酸嵌段。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束,其特征在于,所述的两亲性聚合物中的亲水性嵌段的链节长度为1~1500;聚多巴氨基酸嵌段的链节长度为1~500。
- 根据权利要求1所述的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束,其特征在于,所述的两亲性聚合物为含聚多巴氨基酸嵌段的两嵌段、三嵌段、多嵌段、无规、星形、环形或接枝聚合物。
- 根据权利要求5所述的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束,其特征在于,所述的聚多巴氨基酸的链节长度在5~50之间,聚肌 氨酸或聚乙二醇的链节长度在5~200之间。
- 根据权利要求1所述的含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束作为磁共振T 1成像对比剂在磁共振成像领域中的应用。
- 根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的磁共振对比剂包括:含有聚多巴氨基酸螯合三价铁离子的两亲性聚合物纳米胶束、药学用赋形剂、稀释剂或辅料。
- 根据权利要求7或8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的磁共振对比剂的平均粒径为20~200nm;其螯合铁离子的量为10~1000ppm。
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