WO2019218133A1

WO2019218133A1 - Method for green slope protection with combined spray anchor and ecological vegetation

Info

Publication number: WO2019218133A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/086822
Authority: WO
Inventors: 刘汉龙; 丁选明; 仉文岗; 肖杨
Original assignee: 重庆大学产业技术研究院
Priority date: 2018-05-14
Filing date: 2018-05-15
Publication date: 2019-11-21
Also published as: WO2019218132A1

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for green slope protection with combined spray anchor and ecological vegetation, the method comprising the steps of: drilling holes in a slope (1), and embedding anchor bolts or anchor nails; covering the surface of the slope (1) with a protective net (2), and fixing the protective net to the slope (1) by means of the anchor bolts or the anchor nails; hanging fabricated soil cups (4) on the protective net (2) by means of hooks (9); preparing green cement mortar (5), and spraying the green cement mortar (5) onto the surface of the slope (1) so that the cement mortar covers the protective net and the surfaces of the soil cups on the entire slope surface; removing soil cup covers (7); and moistening nutrient soil (6) inside the soil cups by means of natural rainfall or artificial spraying so as to promote the growth of plant root systems or the germination and growth of seeds, so that the surface of the slope (1) is covered by green plants to form a green ecological slope. The slope protection method solves the problems the strength of a rock slope being reduced due to same being bare and the color of rock clashing with surrounding green plants.

Description

Side slope protection method combining green spray anchor and ecological vegetation

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rock and soil slope protection, and particularly relates to a slope protection method combining green spray anchor and ecological vegetation.

Background technique

With the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region, the construction of the western region of China is not developing rapidly, such as high-speed railways, highways, and high-altitude dams. Most of the western regions of China are mountainous areas with shallow soil cover. A large number of engineering constructions have caused the excavation of earth and rock slopes to destroy the original vegetation cover, resulting in the exposure of a large number of rock slopes. The rock slope has been exposed to the air for a long time. After a long period of rainwater infiltration and other factors, the rock strength is degraded and the slope safety is reduced. At the same time, the exposed rock and the surrounding green mountain color are extremely inconsistent and affect the appearance. In addition, the construction of a number of water conservancy projects represented by the Three Gorges Dam in the central and western regions has resulted in many falling belt slopes on both sides of the reservoir area. These slopes are in a dry and wet cycle environment with the rise and fall of the water level, which makes the water loss zone lack the soil conditions, nutrient conditions and water conditions of plant growth, which will cause the death of plants.

Prior to the present invention, spray anchor support was a common method of slope protection. The slope rock mass is generally reinforced by the combined action of high-pressure jet cement concrete and metal anchors driven into the rock formation. Spray anchor support is a system that makes the anchor rod, concrete spray layer and surrounding rock form a joint function to prevent the rock body from loosening and separating. When the rock mass is relatively broken, the small rock mass between the anchor bolts can be pulled by the wire mesh to strengthen the concrete spray layer and assist the spray anchor support. However, the traditional spray anchor support has the disadvantages of using ordinary cement concrete. The surface of the slope after the jet makes the gray of the concrete inconsistent with the green of the vegetation around the slope; and the surface of the concrete material cannot grow vegetation, which is easy to cause visual aesthetic fatigue. . In addition, there are also slope spraying to spray seeds, pulp fibers, fertilizers and binders onto the slope that needs greening, resulting in a large amount of seed waste, and a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer is lost with water, and the cost is high. Applying green paint on the slope is also a method, but the paint is a chemical that pollutes the environment and is prone to aging over time.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation, which comprises the following technical steps:

1) Bolting anchors or anchors or expansion bolts on the slope; embedding anchors or anchors or expansion bolts are embedded in the rock at one end and the other end is extended on the slope surface; the invention can be above the slope first After drilling, insert bolts or anchors into the borehole, and then fill the pores around the borehole with cement slurry; the anchor bolts or anchors can also be replaced by expansion bolts to ensure that the nut extends beyond the slope surface to facilitate the hanging of the net. Just fine.

2) Hang the support net on the slope surface, and the support net joints are fixed on the slope by bolts or anchors or expansion bolts; the mesh shape may be square or rectangular, or square or rectangular. Add a network cable in the diagonal direction to make the structure more stable.

3] batching a soil container, the nutritive soil is placed inside the earth container; the nutrient soil has plant seeds or plant roots; the upper part of the soil container is opened, and the opening is closed by a protective cover; the hook is arranged on the side of the earth container; the nutrient soil is It can be used for cultivating soil to provide sufficient water for plant growth; when used for underwater slopes, the soil container can be earth cup or soil tank, the surface of which is covered with a layer of meshed permeable geotextile, and then covered with a lid Prevent the soil inside the earth cup (soil tank) from being taken away by running water; the bottom of the earth cup (soil tank) has small holes, and the excess water can slowly penetrate.

4) Hang the prepared soil container through the hook to the support net; the earth container (ear cup/soil groove) is arranged in a square or plum-like arrangement or randomly arranged; the earth container (ear cup/soil groove) should be installed vertically, The hook is fixed by tying the wire to the support net surface to prevent the position of the earth container (ear cup/soil groove) from changing when the green concrete is sprayed.

5) Configuring a dark green cement mortar containing iron oxide green, iron oxide black, ordinary Portland cement, medium fine sand and water; several materials are mixed to form green concrete, and the color of the concrete can be based on The blending ratio of several materials is adjusted to achieve close proximity to the surrounding vegetation color.

6) Spray the green cement mortar onto the surface of the slope so that the cement mortar covers the support net and the surface of the soil container on the entire slope surface, so that the support net and the soil container are bonded together, and the entire slope is dark green. .

7) Put the configured green concrete into the container of the spray anchor machine, open the spray anchor machine, spray the green concrete slurry onto the slope surface, so that the cement mortar covers the support net and the surface of the soil container on the entire slope surface, so that the support The net and the earthen container are bonded together, and the entire slope is dark green. After a period of maintenance, the green concrete reaches a certain strength, and the protective cover on the earth cup is opened and removed, so that the nutrient soil inside the earth cup is exposed; the protective cover on the surface of the earth cup can also be replaced by waste paper or plastic cloth. Ensure that the concrete slurry is prevented from entering the cup during spray anchoring.

8) Using natural rainfall or artificial spraying to moisten the nutrient soil inside the soil container, the roots or seeds of the plants inside the soil sprout and grow; it is worth noting that the water spray is wet at regular intervals to make the soil inside. Plant roots or seeds germinate and grow; in the abundant rainy areas, natural rainwater can be used to ensure the water produced by plants; spray system is set on the surface of the slope in the arid area, and the water supply pipe of the spray system is tied to the protective net before spraying the concrete, spraying The system is fixed with the spray anchor slope; for the reservoir or river slope, the water spray system installed on the vessel can also be used in the river channel to pump the water inside the river to the slope surface through the water pump.

9] After a period of time, the surface of the slope is covered by green plants, forming a green ecological slope.

Further, the soil containers are arranged in a square or plum-like arrangement or randomly arranged on the support net of the slope surface.

Further, the ratio of the components of the dark green cement mortar is:

There are iron oxide green 3.5~5.5 parts

Iron oxide black 0 to 1.5 parts

Ordinary Portland cement 50-60 parts

Medium fine sand 100~120 parts

27 to 34 parts of water

Further, the raw material of the dark green cement mortar further includes a water reducing agent selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonate and naphthalenesulfonate oxymethylene.

Further, the fineness modulus of the fine sand is 2.3 to 3.0.

Further, a sprinkler system can be provided on the surface of the slope in arid areas.

Further, the support net is a wire mesh or a FRP material mesh.

Further, the earth container making material is a ferrous material or a PVC material or an FRP material.

Further, green plant roots or seeds are flood-tolerant below the surface of the water.

The invention consists of two systems: a green spray anchor support system and a plant reproductive growth system. The two systems are coordinated with each other. When the plants are not growing, they are the “fake” green of the concrete. After the plants grow, the plants are “true” green, true and false, and the combination of virtual and real forms a green protection system for the slope.

The advantages and effects of the invention are as follows: the green cement concrete is sprayed onto the surface of the slope, which overcomes the disadvantages of the color inconsistency between the traditional cement concrete and the surrounding plants; the hanging net plus the anchor rod or the anchor nail support ensures the stability of the geotechnical structure Sex, so that the rock and soil body is isolated from the air, preventing the deterioration of the slope rock mass; placing nutrient soil and plant seeds in the earth cup, growing plants under the action of rain water, making the slope appear real green; replacing with FRP material Steel wire mesh can be used for underwater slope protection, avoiding the problem of easy corrosion of steel bars; underwater roots or seeds of flood-tolerant plants can be used to quickly grow plants after the water level in the reservoir is lowered; the soil is stored in the earth cup and will not be The running water is washed away; the sprayed green concrete is different from the general paint, will not age, and will not fade due to submerged underwater. The green spray anchor support system and the slope ecological protection system composed of the vegetation growth system can solve the problem that the existing living environment of the rock slope protection is poor and the greening effect is not ideal, and the slope is strengthened. It can also achieve long-term greening and realize the ecologicalization of slope engineering reinforcement.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an ecological soil cup.

In the figure: 1 is a slope; 2 is a protective net; 3 is an anchor point; 4 is an ecological soil cup; 5 is a green cement mortar; 6 is a nutrient soil; 7 is a cup cover; 8 is a plant seed;

Detailed ways

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be understood that the scope of the invention described above is limited to the following examples. Various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, the required materials are prepared and delivered to the site before construction. Construction platform is built on the surface of the slope 1. Drill holes in the surface of the slope 1, install anchors or anchors, anchor bolts or anchors embedded in the rock, fill the holes with cement slurry, and fix the anchors or anchors on the slope. One end of the anchor or anchor protrudes 2 to 3 cm from the surface of the slope as an anchor point 3. The protective net 2 is laid on the slope surface, and the protective net 2 and the anchor or anchor are fixed at the position of the anchor point 3, and can be fixed by wire binding. The protective net 2 is a steel mesh. If it is underwater, the steel mesh can be replaced by FRP material to place the corrosion of the steel.

As shown in Figure 3, the ecological soil cup 4 is prepared, and the ecological soil cup 4 is placed as the soil 6; the plant seed 8 is placed in the nutrient soil 6; the bottom of the cup of the ecological soil cup 4 is left with a small hole, which can slowly permeate the drainage. The top of the cup is provided with a lid 7; the side wall of the ecological earth cup 4 is provided with a hook 9.

Next, the ecological soil cup 4 is hung on the protective net 2 through the hook 9. The arrangement of the ecological soil cups 4 may be square or plum-shaped, preferably to uniformly cover the surface of the entire slope 1.

The green cement mortar 5 [position of iron oxide green, iron oxide black, ordinary Portland cement, medium fine sand and water, and water reducing agent] can be uniformly mixed according to the design ratio, so that green cement mortar 5 is obtained. The color of the green cement mortar 5 is similar to the color of the plant green leaf.

The green cement mortar 5 is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the slope 1 by the spray anchor machine until the green cement mortar 5 covers the protective net 2, and the green cement mortar 5 is also sprayed onto the ecological earth cup 4, the ecological earth cup 4 The hook 9 and part of the cup are embedded in the green cement mortar 5 to secure the ecological soil cup 4 and the spray anchor support system. After the end of the spray anchor, the entire slope appears green, in harmony with the color of the surrounding trees.

The cup cover 7 on the earth cup 4 is opened and removed, so that the nutrient soil 6 in the earth cup 4 is exposed; the nutrient soil 6 in the earth cup 4 is wetted by natural rainfall or by artificial spraying, and the plant roots in the soil body are Or the seed 8 germinates; after a period of time, the surface of the slope 1 is covered by green plants to form a green ecological slope.

The earth cup 4 can be replaced by a soil trough, which is a slender container in which nutritive soil and plant seeds are placed; the surface of the soil trough is covered with a permeable geotextile, and the cover is covered with a cover or a plastic cloth before the concrete is sprayed; Set a plurality of hooks so that the soil trough can be hung on the protective net surface; the seed or root system of the vine plant such as the creeper can be planted in the soil trough; after the construction of the spray anchor is completed, the cover is removed, and the soil is sprayed into the soil tank to moisten the soil, the plant Growing to form a green slope.

Claims

A method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation, comprising the following technical steps:

1) Bolting anchors or anchors or expansion bolts on the slope; embedding anchors or anchors or expansion bolts are embedded in the rock at one end and the other end is extended on the slope surface;

2) hang the support net on the surface of the slope, and the support net joint is fixed on the slope by bolts or anchors or expansion bolts;

3) mass-making a soil container, the nutritive soil is placed inside the soil container; the nutrient soil has plant seeds or plant roots; the upper part of the soil container is opened, and the opening is closed by a protective cover; the hook is arranged on the side of the soil container;

4) Hang the prepared soil container through the hook to the support net;

5) Configuring a dark green cement mortar containing iron oxide green, iron oxide black, ordinary Portland cement, medium fine sand, and water;

6) Spray the green cement mortar onto the surface of the slope so that the cement mortar covers the support net and the surface of the soil container on the entire slope surface, so that the support net and the soil container are bonded together, and the entire slope is dark green. .

7) Put the configured green concrete into the container of the spray anchor machine, open the spray anchor machine, spray the green concrete slurry onto the slope surface, so that the cement mortar covers the support net and the surface of the soil container on the entire slope surface, so that the support The net and the earthen container are bonded together, and the entire slope is dark green. After a period of maintenance, the green concrete reaches a certain strength, and the protective cover on the earth cup is opened and removed, so that the nutrient soil inside the earth cup is exposed;

8) using natural rainfall or artificial spraying to moisten the nutrient soil inside the soil container, and the roots or seeds of the plant inside the soil sprout and grow;

9] After a period of time, the surface of the slope is covered by green plants, forming a green ecological slope.
The method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the soil container is a soil cup or a soil tank.
The method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation according to claim 2, wherein the soil containers are arranged in a square or plum-like arrangement or randomly arranged on the support net of the slope surface.
The method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the components of the dark green cement mortar is:
The method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the raw material of the dark green cement mortar further comprises a water reducing agent, and the water reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of lignin sulfonate. Acid salt, naphthalene sulfonate aldehyde polymer.
The method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the fineness modulus of the medium fine sand is 2.3 to 3.0.
The method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation according to claim 1, characterized in that a spray system can be arranged on the surface of the slope in the arid area.
The method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the support net is a steel mesh or an FRP material mesh.
The method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the earth container is made of a ferrous material or a PVC material or an FRP material.
A method for protecting a slope combined with a green spray anchor and an ecological vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the green plant roots or seeds are flood-tolerant below the water surface.