WO2019215787A1

WO2019215787A1 - Machine tool

Info

Publication number: WO2019215787A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/017640
Authority: WO
Inventors: 合津秀雄; 白木翔平
Original assignee: 株式会社Ｆｕｊｉ
Priority date: 2018-05-07
Filing date: 2018-05-07
Publication date: 2019-11-14
Also published as: JP6868157B2; JPWO2019215787A1

Abstract

This machine tool is capable of cleaning chips even during machining and comprises: a main spindle device which rotates a workpiece held by a main spindle chuck; a turret device capable of rotary indexing of a tool table to which a plurality of tools are attached, the turret device being provided with a regular flow path open in a tool attachment part and a cleaning flow path open in the lower surface of the device; a drive device which moves the turret device along a machining axis; a discharge device which discharges chips generated as a result of machining of the workpiece; a cleaning device which supplies a coolant and/or air to the regular flow path and the cleaning flow path of the turret device; and a control device which controls driving of each of the devices.

Description

Machine Tools

The present invention relates to a machine tool provided with a cleaning device for cleaning chips remaining in a processing chamber using coolant or air.

クー Coolant is sprayed to the machining point when machining the machine tool, and lubrication for cutting work and washing of chips are performed. Further, the machine tool is provided with a discharge conveyor or the like as a chip discharge device, and the chips contained in the storage tank are sent out of the machine. For this reason, an inlet for the storage tank is provided below the processing point, so that falling chips and coolant are collected in the storage tank. In order to prevent the chips that have not entered the inlet from remaining in the processing chamber, a configuration is adopted in which the chips are poured into the outside of the inlet by the coolant.

On the other hand, the following Patent Document 1 discloses a machine tool that automatically creates a cleaning path based on a machining range detected from a machining program and cleans a position where chips generated by machining a workpiece are collected. Has been. In this conventional example, a vertically downward main spindle head is provided in a machining center, and an air passage is formed so as to penetrate the center of the main spindle. The air passage is formed with an air jet opening opened at the tool mounting portion, and air can be jetted downward. In addition, a coolant nozzle is formed on the outer periphery of the spindle head, and the coolant is jetted downward. Furthermore, the following patent document 2 discloses a technique related to a gas-liquid mixed coolant nozzle used for removing chips in a machine tool.

JP 2008-155324 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-161645

Incidentally, in the conventional machine tool, the machining chamber is cleaned by moving the spindle head on the XY plane along the cleaning path and ejecting coolant together with high-pressure air. However, the cleaning in this conventional example is performed by selecting a time during which machining work is not performed because a cleaning path is created based on the machining range for the workpiece, and coolant is ejected from the spindle head from which the tool is removed. It was to be done. Further, in the conventional example, since coolant or the like is ejected from the downward spindle head, it becomes difficult to clean a portion where movement is restricted such as a corner.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool capable of cleaning chips even during a machining operation in order to solve such a problem.

A machine tool according to an aspect of the present invention is capable of indexing a spindle device that rotates a workpiece gripped by a spindle chuck and a tool table to which a plurality of tools are attached, a normal flow path that is open to the tool attachment portion, and A turret device having a cleaning flow path opened on the lower surface of the device, a drive device for moving the turret device in the machining axis direction, a discharge device for discharging chips generated by machining the workpiece, and a normal flow of the turret device A cleaning device for supplying coolant, air, or coolant and air to the passage and the cleaning flow channel; and a control device for controlling driving of the devices.

According to the above configuration, the workpiece gripped by the spindle chuck is rotated, and the tool of the turret device moves in the machining axis direction with respect to the workpiece, thereby performing predetermined machining. At that time, the turret device is supplied with coolant, air, or coolant and air arbitrarily to the normal flow path or the cleaning flow path, and the coolant or the like is ejected from each opening, so that even during processing operations. Chips can be cleaned.

It is the side view which showed the internal structure of one Embodiment of a machine tool. It is the figure which simplified and showed the turret apparatus with which the flow path was comprised. It is the figure which showed the lower side vicinity of the cover front part from the process chamber. It is a block diagram showing the control system of a machine tool. It is the figure which simplified and showed the state which ejects a coolant etc. from an oblique nozzle at the time of the movement of the X-axis direction of a turret device. It is the figure which simplified and showed the state which ejects a coolant etc. from an oblique nozzle at the time of the movement of a Z-axis direction of a turret device.

Next, an embodiment of a machine tool according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing the internal structure of the machine tool of the present embodiment. The machine tool 1 is assembled on a movable bed 3 having wheels and can be moved in the front-rear direction along a rail 201 laid on the upper surface of the base 2. The machine tool 1 includes a tool base 16 including a rotary tool such as an end mill or a drill, or a cutting tool such as a cutting tool, and a turret device 15 capable of turning and indexing the tool base 16 is provided. The machine tool 1 includes a drive device that moves the turret device 15 in the machining axis direction.

The machine tool 1 has a configuration in which a spindle device 11 is mounted on a movable bed 3 and a spindle chuck 12 that grips a workpiece W can rotate. In the present embodiment, the direction parallel to the horizontal rotation axis of the spindle device 11, that is, the horizontal direction before and after the body is the Z-axis direction, and the vertical direction above and below the body perpendicular to the Z-axis is the X-axis direction. The machine tool 1 is provided with a Z-axis drive device 13 for moving the turret device 15 in the Z-axis direction and an X-axis drive device 14 for moving in the X-axis direction. Each of the Z-axis drive device 13 and the X-axis drive device 14 has a slidable Z-axis slide 131 or an X-axis slide 141, and converts the rotation output of each servo motor into a linear motion by a ball screw mechanism. 141 is configured to move.

The machine tool 1 is configured with a closed processing chamber 20, and an inlet 211 for the storage tank 21 is provided below the processing chamber 20. The storage tank 21 is provided with a discharge device 17 (see FIG. 4) composed of a screw conveyor, and the chips collected in the storage tank 21 are scraped out to the rear of the machine body by the rotation of the screw, and the chips can be collected outside. It has become. Moreover, the machine tool 1 is provided with a coolant device 19 (see FIG. 4) for supplying coolant used for lubrication of workpieces and washing of chips.

In the coolant device 19, used coolant is stored in a storage tank 21, and is sent from there to a coolant tank 22 through a filter. The coolant containing chips and the like is regenerated by removing foreign substances by the filter, and is sent out by the pump 23. The coolant pipe 24 connected to the pump 23 extends to the machining chamber 20 as shown in the figure. In addition, a branch pipe (not shown) is connected to the turret device 15, and from the tool table 16 to the machining point. Coolant supply is possible.

Incidentally, the spindle chuck 12 and the turret device 15 of the spindle device 11 have a drive mechanism that is operated by hydraulic oil or compressed air. Therefore, the machine tool 1 is provided with a hydraulic unit 25 and an air compressor 26 outside the machine, and is connected with a hydraulic hose and an air hose for supplying hydraulic oil and compressed air. In particular, in the present embodiment, the compressed air supplied from the air compressor 26 is also sent to the turret device 15, and the compressed air is used as cleaning air for removing chips as in the case of the coolant.

Here, FIG. 2 is a simplified view of the turret device 15 having a flow path. The turret device 15 is indexed by turning around the rotation axis in the X-axis direction, and can be arbitrarily selected from a plurality of tools 31 mounted on the tool table 16. In the turret device 15, the device main body 32 is fixed to the Z-axis slide 131, and the tool base 16 is assembled to the device main body 32 via an indexing mechanism. The indexing mechanism enables the tool base 16 to move and rotate in the X-axis direction with respect to the apparatus main body 32.

The tool stand 16 has an octagonal shape when viewed in the X-axis direction (see FIG. 6), and a plurality of tool blocks 33 each including a tool 31 can be attached to and detached from the outer peripheral side surface portion. Although only one tool 31 is shown in the drawing, a plurality of tools are originally attached. A shaft member 34 that passes through the central portion of the apparatus main body 32 is fixed to the tool table 16. A shaft gear is formed integrally with the shaft member 34 so that the rotation of the indexing motor 35 is transmitted. Further, the shaft member 34 can be moved in the vertical direction by a piston. When the shaft member 34 is lifted, the rotation is limited by the meshing of the crown gear. Yes.

In such a turret device 15, a flow path 36 is formed through which a coolant or the like is ejected through the tool table 16 to a processing position of the workpiece W. The flow path 36 communicates from the apparatus main body 32 to the tool base 16 and is connected to a flow path 37 of a tool block 33 attached to the tool base 16. In the present embodiment, the shaft member 34 is also formed with a through-hole at the center of rotation, and a flow path 38 for ejecting coolant or the like from the lower surface side of the tool table 16 is formed. The cleaning device 18 is configured to supply coolant and air to the two

flow paths

36 and 38 and eject the coolant and the like from the lower surface side of the tool table 16.

In the cleaning device 18, a coolant channel 41 and an air channel 42 are respectively connected to the channel 36 via a mixing device 45. Similarly, the coolant channel 51 and the air channel 52 are also connected to the channel 38 via the mixing device 55. The pump 23 is connected to the

coolant passages

41 and 51, the air compressor 26 is connected to the

air passages

42 and 52, and

electromagnetic valves

43, 53, 44, and 54 are provided in the respective passages. The

electromagnetic valves

43, 44, 53, 54 are all ON / OFF on / off valves.

The cleaning device 18 supplies coolant or compressed air to the

flow paths

36 and 38 of the turret device 15 by switching the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valves 46, 47, 56 and 57, or mixes and supplies the coolant and compressed air. It is possible to do. Therefore, coolant and air can be ejected from the openings of the flow path 37 and the flow path 38 communicating with the flow path 36 on the lower surface side of the turret device 15. Although coolant and air may be directly ejected from each opening,

oblique nozzles

48 and 58 are attached to the cleaning device 18 of this embodiment as shown in FIG.

The flow path 36 and the flow path 37 of the tool block 33 are existing flow paths, and are normal flow paths for ejecting coolant to a workpiece processing point. However, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, a nozzle block 49 having an oblique nozzle 48 and communicating with the flow path 39 is attached to the tool base 16. Furthermore, in the turret device 15 according to the present embodiment, a flow path 38 penetrating on the rotation shaft is newly configured as a cleaning flow path, and a nozzle block 59 having an oblique nozzle 58 at the lower end opening is provided on the tool base 16. Is attached.

By the way, the machine tool 1 is entirely covered with a machine body cover. FIG. 1 shows a front face part 5 of the cover and a front cover 6 attached to the front part of the machine body. A processing chamber 20 for processing the workpiece gripped by the spindle chuck 12 is formed inside the cover front surface portion 5. A through-hole through which the door slides up and down is provided in the front surface portion 5 of the cover, and a workpiece is taken in and out of the processing chamber 20 by an autoloader that moves in the front cover 6.

In the processing chamber 20, nozzles 27 are connected to the tip of a bifurcated coolant pipe 24 so as to be positioned on both the left and right sides of the cover front portion 5 as shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a view showing the vicinity of the lower side of the cover front surface portion 5 from the processing chamber 20. Chips of workpieces generated during machining enter from the inlet 211 and are stored in the storage tank 21, but chips remain in the processing chamber 20 without entering the inlet 211, so that the outside of the inlet 211 Is provided with a guide table 23. The guide table 28 is inclined toward the charging port 211, and coolant is ejected from the two nozzles 27, so that chips on the upper surface of the guide table 28 are pushed to the charging port 211.

However, since only the coolant ejected from the nozzle 27 has a constant flow, chips at a weak flow location may remain on the guide table 28 without being pushed away. Originally, it is preferable to increase the inclination angle of the guide table 28 to such an extent that the chips themselves slide down due to their own weight. However, since the machine tool 1 has a compact design, the space is limited, and the inclination angle of the guide table 28 cannot be increased. However, the problem that chips remain in the processing chamber is a common problem not only in the machine tool 1 of the present embodiment but also in various types of machine tools. Therefore, in the present embodiment, for such a problem, a cleaning device 18 is provided in the turret device 15 so that chips in the processing chamber 20 are cleaned.

Further, the machine tool 1 is equipped with a control device 15 for driving and controlling each device such as the spindle device 11 and the cleaning device 18. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a control system of the machine tool 1. The control device 10 is mainly a computer provided with a storage device such as a ROM 62, a RAM 63, and a nonvolatile memory 64 in addition to the CPU 61. The spindle device 11, the turret device 15, and the X-axis drive via the I / 068. The device 14 and the Z-axis drive device 13 are connected to each drive unit such as the cleaning device 18. The machine tool 1 has a touch panel type or button type input means, and is provided with an operation display device 7 capable of displaying work information, an operation screen, etc., and inputting a set value by an operator. It is connected.

The control device 10 stores machining programs relating to various machining, workpiece types, workpiece machining information relating to tools and jigs, and the like. In the control device 10, a machining program 641 for causing each device such as the spindle device 11 to perform workpiece machining is stored in the memory. Furthermore, a real time clock (RTC) 65 is mounted on the control device 10 of the present embodiment, the current time is counted, and a predetermined operation is executed based on the time information. Therefore, the control device 10 stores an operation setting program 642 for executing a reservation operation in the memory. The reserved operation is to automatically execute a target operation such as a cleaning operation by the cleaning device 18 at the reserved time.

In such a machine tool 1, when machining a workpiece, the tool of the tool table 16 is selected by turning index of the turret device 15, and the X axis direction and the tool are driven by the X axis driving device 14 and the Z axis driving device 13. Movement to a predetermined position in the Z-axis direction is performed. In the spindle device 11, rotation is given to the workpiece W held by the spindle chuck 12, and a tool is applied to the workpiece W to perform cutting or boring. At that time, in the processing chamber 6 of the machine tool 1, coolant is sprayed onto the processing point, and lubrication for the processing, washing of chips, and the like are performed. Therefore, the chips of the work enter from the input port 211 and are stored in the storage tank 21, and are scraped out and collected by the rotation of the screw toward the rear of the machine body.

Chips generated from the workpiece scatter in the processing chamber 20 and fall around the inlet 211. Such chips fall into the inlet 211 due to the inclination of the guide table 28 or are dropped into the inlet 211 so as to be caused to flow by the coolant ejected from the nozzle 27. However, as described above, since the inclination angle of the guide table 28 is small, a certain amount of chips remain. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a cleaning operation is performed to eject coolant and air from the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58 attached to the turret device 15 and to remove chips remaining in the processing chamber 20. In particular, in the cleaning device 18 incorporated in the turret device 15, in addition to the cleaning operation performed in parallel with the workpiece processing operation, a cleaning operation by reservation setting is possible.

The cleaning device 18 opens the

solenoid valves

43, 44, 53, 54, thereby allowing coolant and air to flow from the corresponding

coolant flow paths

41, 51 and the

air flow paths

42, 52 through the

mixing devices

45, 55. Supplied to

paths

36 and 38. As in the conventional case, the coolant may be supplied alone, but compressed air may be added to the coolant. Since the coolant may be supplied to other locations, the supply pressure to the

coolant channels

41 and 51 may be low. In such a case, by applying the pressure of the compressed air to the coolant via the

mixing devices

45 and 55, the coolant can be ejected vigorously far from the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58. Further, for example, by opening and closing the

electromagnetic valves

53 and 54 at a timing in a short time, it is possible to control bullet-like ejection.

5 and 6 are simplified views of a state in which coolant or the like is ejected from the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58 of the cleaning device 18. FIG. 5 shows a state during movement in the X-axis direction, and FIG. The state when moving in the axial direction is shown. Since the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58 are attached to the tool table 16, the turret device 15 is moved up and down by the drive of the X-axis drive device 14, whereby the ejection position of the coolant and the like moves up and down as shown in FIG. . Similarly, when the turret device 15 is moved in the longitudinal direction of the machine body by driving the Z-axis drive device 13, the ejection position of the coolant or the like is moved back and forth as shown in FIG.

Such movement is accompanied by, for example, movement of the tool 31 for machining the workpiece, and cleaning is performed by ejecting coolant or the like from the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58 during the movement. The cleaning in the cleaning device 18 is different from the nozzle 27 that sprays the coolant at the same position, and coolant is ejected from the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58 that move in the vertical and front-rear directions (X-axis and Z-axis directions). The hanging position will change. That is, spraying of coolant or the like with a change accompanying movement is performed in a wide range in the processing chamber 20. Therefore, coolant or the like can be sprayed vigorously in a wide range including a portion where chips remain with the nozzle 27 alone, and chips can be poured down to the inlet 211 of the storage tank 21.

Next, according to the cleaning device 18, the spraying position of the coolant sprayed from the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58 can be changed by the turning index of the turret device 15. Therefore, by adjusting the turning angle with respect to the turret device 15, it is possible to change the direction of the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58, and to spray coolant or the like aiming at a place where chips are likely to accumulate. In this regard, the turning index position is limited by the tool 31 during processing, but the direction of the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58 can be arbitrarily changed during non-processing.

Therefore, in the machine tool 1, the cleaning operation is automatically performed at the reserved time by the operation setting program 642 stored in the control device 10. In this embodiment, only the cleaning work will be described as the reservation operation, but the operator can arbitrarily set and input the target operation and the operation time from the operation display device 7. For example, warm-up operation for the machine tool 1 and operation confirmation of the chuck device or the like may be incorporated in the work schedule as a reservation operation.

The cleaning operation of the reservation operation is performed in accordance with a break time during which the machining operation of the machine tool 1 is interrupted, for example, in the morning break and the afternoon break, as well as in the lunch break and the closing time. In the cleaning work performed in accordance with the machining of the workpiece, the moving path of the oblique nozzle 58 or the like, that is, the ejection position of the coolant or the like follows the trajectory of the tool. The driving of the shaft drive device 14 and the turning index of the turret device 15 can be arbitrarily performed to specify the location where the chips are accumulated and to eject coolant or the like to that position.

Further, in the present embodiment, since the coolant and air can be separately ejected from the

oblique nozzles

48, 58, the workpiece is processed by spraying the coolant and then switching to air to drain the water. Is also possible. Further, for the spindle chuck 12, it is also necessary to perform cleaning so as to blow off chips and the like by using air for the workpiece for positioning the workpiece. In this respect, in the present embodiment, the ejection ports of the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58 can be arbitrarily adjusted to some extent by the turning index of the turret device 15, so that the spindle chuck 12 is automatically cleaned using air. Is possible.

As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to these, A various change is possible in the range which does not deviate from the meaning.
For example, the

oblique nozzles

48 and 58 may be configured such that the direction of the ejection port can be adjusted with respect to the nozzle blocks 49 and 59. Further, a plurality of oblique nozzles may be provided for the nozzle blocks 49 and 59.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Machine tool 10 ... Control apparatus 11 ... Main shaft apparatus 12 ... Main shaft chuck 13 ... Z-axis drive apparatus 14 ... X-axis drive apparatus 15 ... Turret apparatus 16 ... Tool stand 17 ... Discharge apparatus 18 ... Cleaning apparatus 19 ... Coolant apparatus 20 ... Processing chamber 36 ... flow path (normal flow path) 38 ... flow path (cleaning flow path) 41, 51 ...

coolant flow path

42, 52 ...

air flow path

43, 44, 53, 54 ...

solenoid valve

45, 55 ... mixing apparatus

Claims

A spindle device for rotating the workpiece gripped by the spindle chuck;
A turret device that is capable of turning and indexing a tool table on which a plurality of tools are mounted, and that includes a normal flow path opened in the tool mounting portion and a cleaning flow path opened in the lower surface of the apparatus;
A drive device for moving the turret device in the machining axis direction;
A discharge device for discharging chips generated by machining the workpiece;
A cleaning device for supplying coolant, air, or coolant and air to the normal channel and the cleaning channel of the turret device;
A machine tool having a control device for controlling driving of each of the devices.
2. The turret device according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning flow path is formed on a rotation shaft of the turret device, and an oblique nozzle having an angle with respect to the rotation shaft is attached to a lower surface of the turret device so as to communicate with the cleaning flow path. The machine tool described.
The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the turret device is attached to the tool attachment portion so that an oblique nozzle having an angle with respect to a rotation axis of the turret device communicates with the normal flow path.
The control device supplies coolant, air, or coolant and air to the cleaning flow path of the turret device by controlling the cleaning device during non-processing except when the tool is processed with respect to the workpiece, and the drive device The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the turret device is driven by being controlled.
5. The control device according to claim 2, wherein when the coolant, the coolant, or the coolant and the air is supplied to the cleaning flow path, the control device performs a swivel index on the oblique nozzle by controlling the turret device. Crab machine tool.
6. The drive device according to claim 1, wherein the drive device has a machining axis that moves the turret device in a horizontal direction parallel to a main shaft direction of the main shaft device and a vertical direction orthogonal to the main shaft direction. Machine tools.