JP7089597B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a machine tool provided with a cleaning device by air blow for removing chips and the like adhering to the seating surface of the spindle chuck.

In a machine tool, when a work is gripped by a spindle chuck, a seating determination device determines whether or not the work is properly seated. That is, when the work is delivered to the spindle chuck by the automatic work transfer machine, seating detection using air is performed, and if the judgment is negative, the work is removed from the spindle chuck and the work automatic carrier side. It is once returned to. Then, the air blow is cleaned on the seating surface of the spindle chuck, and then the work is reattached to the spindle chuck, and the quality of seating is judged again.

In the following Patent Document 1, by changing the rotation phase of the spindle chuck, the mismatch of the rotation phase with the work is eliminated and the seating is normally performed. This is to prevent repeated mounting when the cause is not chips or the like adhering to the seat surface. Therefore, in the conventional example, when it is determined that the seating is poor, the work is temporarily retracted by the automatic work transfer machine, the seating surface of the spindle chuck is cleaned, and then the work is reattached to the spindle chuck to make a re-judgment. Will be done. If the seating defect is still not resolved, the rotation phase of the spindle chuck is changed after cleaning and reattachment are repeated until the set number of times is reached.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-1501

However, even if the rotational phases of the spindle chuck and the work are changed, the work cannot be properly seated unless chips and the like are removed from the seating surface, and the seating determination is still negative. Moreover, if the air blow is cleaned many times and then the rotation phase is changed, the cycle time will be extended and the productivity will be reduced. Also, with regard to cleaning using an air blow, it is often the case that the desired result cannot be obtained simply by repeating retries many times.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool for performing retry cleaning with an enhanced cleaning effect on the seating surface in order to solve such a problem.

The machine tool according to one aspect of the present invention includes a spindle device that rotates a work gripped by a spindle chuck, a drive device that moves a tool in the machining axis direction to machine the work, and a work on the seating surface of the spindle chuck. It drives and controls each device such as a seating determination device that determines whether or not the user is properly seated, a cleaning device that blows air from an air nozzle onto the seating surface of the spindle chuck, and the spindle device. Normal cleaning in which the spindle chuck is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed and air is blown from the air nozzle to the seating surface for a predetermined time before the work is gripped by the spindle chuck, and when the determination of the seating determination device is negative. It also has a control device for removing a work from the spindle chuck, increasing the rotation speed of the spindle chuck as compared with the normal cleaning, and performing retry cleaning in which the rotation time and the air blowing time are lengthened.

According to the above configuration, normal cleaning is performed in which air is blown from the air nozzle to the seating surface of the spindle chuck that rotates at a predetermined rotation speed for a predetermined time, and then the work is gripped by the spindle chuck and whether or not the work is properly seated. If the judgment is negative, retry cleaning is performed with the spindle chuck rotation time and air blowing time longer than normal cleaning, and the cleaning effect on the seating surface is improved. Be enhanced.

It is a side view which showed the internal structure about one Embodiment of a machine tool. It is the figure which showed the part of the cleaning device simplified. It is a block diagram which shows the control system of a machine tool. It is a flowchart which showed the cleaning process performed according to a cleaning program. It is the figure which simplified and showed the cleaning situation of the spindle chuck in a machine tool.

Next, an embodiment of the machine tool according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing the internal structure of the machine tool of the present embodiment. The machine tool 1 is assembled on a movable bed 3 provided with wheels, and can move in the front-rear direction along a rail 201 laid on the upper surface of the base 2. The machine tool 1 has a tool base 16 provided with a rotary tool such as an end mill or a drill, or a cutting tool such as a cutting tool, and is provided with a turret device 15 capable of turning indexing the tool base 16. The machine tool 1 is configured with a drive device for moving the selected tool in the machining axis direction.

The machine tool 1 has a configuration in which a spindle device 11 is mounted on a movable bed 3 and a spindle chuck 12 for gripping a work can rotate. In the present embodiment, the direction parallel to the horizontal spindle of the spindle device 11, that is, the direction horizontal to the front and rear of the machine is the Z-axis direction, and the vertical direction above and below the machine perpendicular to the Z-axis is the X-axis direction. The machine tool 1 is provided with a Z-axis drive device 13 for moving the turret device 15 in the Z-axis direction and an X-axis drive device 14 for moving the turret device 15 in the X-axis direction. The Z-axis drive device 13 and the X-axis drive device 14 have a slidable Z-axis slide 131 or an X-axis slide 141, each of which converts the rotational output of the servomotor into a linear motion by a ball screw mechanism, and each slide 131, It is configured to move 141.

The machine tool 1 is configured with a closed processing chamber 10, and a storage tank 21 is provided in the base 2 below the processing chamber 10. A screw conveyor is incorporated in the storage tank 21, and the rotation of the screw pushes the chips accumulated in the storage tank 21 toward the rear of the machine body, so that the chips can be collected outside. Further, in the machine tool 1, a coolant is used for lubrication for machining the work and for washing away chips. Therefore, the used coolant is stored in the storage tank 21 in the base 2, and is sent from there to the coolant tank 22.

The coolant containing chips and the like is regenerated after the foreign matter is removed by the filter, and is sent out from the coolant tank 22 by the pump 23. The coolant pipe 24 connected to the pump 23 extends into the processing chamber 10 as shown in the drawing, and the coolant blown out from the nozzle at the tip allows the chips of the work generated during processing to flow into the storage tank 21. ing. Further, in the coolant pipe 24, the branched pipe extends to the turret device 15, and the coolant can be supplied from the tool stand 16 to the machining point or the like.

The machine tool 1 is provided with a front cover 7 that can be opened and closed on the front surface of the machine tool in addition to the machine tool cover 6 that constitutes the processing chamber 10. The front cover 7 becomes a transport space 20 when the same machine tools 1 are arranged in the width direction, and a transport robot 9 (see FIG. 5) that transports the work to the machine tools 1 is incorporated in the transport space 20. The machine tool 1 is provided with an automatic slide door on the front surface of the machine cover 6, so that the work can be delivered to the spindle chuck 12 by the transfer robot 9 that opens when the work is transferred and enters the processing chamber 10. It has become.

Subsequently, such a machine tool 1 is provided with a seating determination device 17 (see FIG. 3) for determining whether or not the work is properly gripped by the spindle chuck 12. In the seating determination device 17, a detection hole is formed on the seating surface of the spindle chuck 12, and when the work is properly gripped, the opening of the detection hole is closed by the work. The detection hole is a minute through hole through which compressed air is supplied through an air pipe. A pressure switch is attached to the air pipe that supplies air so that the back pressure when the work is seated can be detected.

The seating error of the work with respect to the spindle chuck 12 is often caused by chips or the like adhering to the seating surface. Therefore, in the machine tool 1, a cleaning device by air blow is configured in the turret device 15 in order to blow off chips and the like adhering to the seating surface of the spindle chuck 12. FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram showing a part of the cleaning device incorporated in the turret device 15. In the turret device 15, a plurality of tools 31 are mounted on the tool stand 16, and it is possible to select a tool for performing machining by swivel indexing. In this turret device 15, the device main body 151 is fixed to the Z-axis slide 131, and the tool stand 16 is assembled to the device main body 151 via an indexing mechanism.

The turret device 15 has an air flow path 31 that communicates from the device main body 151 to the tool stand 16, and further communicates with the air flow path 33 of the nozzle block 32 attached to the tool stand 16. An air pipe 36 extending from the compressor 35 is connected to the air flow paths 31 and 33, and the air pipe 36 is provided with an on-off solenoid valve 37. The tool stand 16 has a polygonal shape, and a tool block integrated with the tool can be attached to and detached from each side. A nozzle block 32 provided with an air nozzle 34 is attached to one of such mounting portions. In the present embodiment, an air blow is configured in which compressed air from the air compressor 35 passes through the air flow paths 31 and 33 and blows air from the air nozzle 34 to the seating surface of the spindle chuck 12.

Next, FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a control system of the machine tool 1. The control device 5 is mainly a computer equipped with a storage device such as a ROM 52, a RAM 53, and a non-volatile memory 54 in addition to the CPU 51, and the spindle device 11, the Z-axis drive device 13, and X via I / 055. It is connected to each drive unit such as the shaft drive device 14, the turret device 15, the seating determination device 17, and the cleaning device 18.

Further, the machine tool 1 has a touch panel type input means, and an operation display device 8 capable of displaying work information, an operation screen, and the like, as well as inputting a set value by an operator, is attached to the front surface of the machine tool. It is connected to the control device 5. The control device 5 stores machining programs related to various kinds of machining, types of workpieces, workpiece machining information related to tools and jigs, and the like in a storage unit. In particular, in the present embodiment, the cleaning program 541 of the cleaning device 18 for the seating surface of the spindle chuck 12 is stored in the non-volatile memory 54.

In such a machine tool 1, when machining a work, a tool of the tool base 16 is selected by the swivel indexing of the turret device 15, and the tool is driven in the X-axis direction and about the tool by the drive of the X-axis drive device 14 and the Z-axis drive device 13. The movement to a predetermined position in the Z-axis direction is performed. Then, in the spindle device 11, rotation is given to the spindle chuck 12 holding the work, and a tool is applied to the rotating work to perform cutting or hollowing.

In the processing chamber 10 of the machine tool 1, a coolant is sprayed on the processing point of the work to lubricate the processing and wash away chips. Therefore, the chips of the work enter from the charging port 211, are stored in the storage tank 21, and are scraped to the rear of the machine body by the rotation of the screw and collected. However, chips and the like generated by the work processing are scattered in the processing chamber 10, mixed with the coolant, and adhered to the seating surface of the spindle chuck 12. Therefore, the seating surface is cleaned by the cleaning device 18 according to the cleaning program 541.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a cleaning process performed according to the cleaning program 541. FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram showing the cleaning status of the spindle chuck 12 in the machine tool 1. First, when the machining of the work W is completed, the work W is removed from the spindle chuck 12 by the transfer robot 9 (S101), and then the spindle chuck 12 is cleaned by air blow as shown in FIG. 5 (S101). S102). Specifically, rotation is given to the spindle chuck 12 by driving the spindle device 11, and compressed air is blown to the rotating seating surface. At that time, in the turret device 15, the nozzle block 32 is selected by swivel indexing, and compressed air is vigorously blown out from the air nozzles 34 arranged at predetermined positions by the X-axis drive device 14 and the Z-axis drive device 13 for a certain period of time. To.

After that, the next work W is attached to the spindle chuck 12 whose rotation has been stopped (S103). Then, the seating state of the work W is determined by the seating determination device 17 with respect to the spindle chuck 12 to which the new work W is gripped (S104). In the seating determination, compressed air is supplied to the detection hole on the seating surface through an air pipe. When the work W is properly gripped, the gap between the work W and the seating surface is within the allowable range, and the pressure switch is operated by the back pressure at that time. That is, the detection signal is transmitted to the control device 5 by switching the pressure switch, and it is determined that the seating state is appropriate (S104: YES), and this cleaning process is completed.

However, if chips or the like are caught between the work W and the seating surface and the gap exceeds the permissible range, the detection signal is not transmitted from the pressure switch, and the control device 5 determines that the seating is inappropriate. (S104: NO). Since the work W cannot be machined as it is, the work W is temporarily removed from the spindle chuck 12 by the transfer robot 9 (S105), and retry cleaning is performed (S106). In the retry cleaning, rotation is applied to the spindle chuck 12 as in the first normal cleaning, and compressed air is vigorously blown from the air nozzle 34 to the rotating seating surface for a certain period of time. However, in retry cleaning, operation control is performed under different conditions from normal cleaning.

In the case of the present embodiment, the rotation speed is set to be doubled so that the spindle rotates 250 times per minute during normal cleaning and 500 rotations per minute during retry cleaning. That is, it is set so that a larger centrifugal force acts on chips and the like adhering to the seating surface of the spindle chuck 12. Further, the rotation time of the spindle is increased to 2 seconds during normal cleaning while it is 1 second during normal cleaning, and the air blowing time to the seating surface is 2 seconds during normal cleaning, whereas it is retried. At the time of cleaning, the setting is increased to 3 seconds. The difference between the rotation time of the spindle and the air blowing time is that the air is also blown to the spindle chuck 12 whose rotation has stopped until the work W is delivered from the transfer robot 9.

When such retry cleaning is completed, the seating state of the work W attached to the spindle chuck 12 is determined again (S107). Therefore, when the state of the seating surface is improved and the gap with the work W is within the allowable range, it is determined that the seating state is appropriate (S107: YES), and this cleaning process is completed. However, if the condition of the seating surface is not improved and the detection signal is not sent from the pressure switch, it is determined that the seating surface is inappropriate (S107: NO). In that case, the number of retries is incremented by 1, and it is confirmed whether or not the set number of retries has been reached (S108).

If the set number of retries has not been reached (S108: NO), the retry cleaning (S106) and the seating determination (S107) are repeated again. On the other hand, when the set number of retries has been reached (S108: YES), the seating surface of the spindle chuck 12 needs to be cleaned by an operator, so that the control device 5 issues an error warning (S109). This cleaning process is completed. As the error warning, processing such as displaying the error content on the operation display device 8 and issuing a warning sound is performed.

By the way, the retry cleaning (S106) and the confirmation of the number of retries (S108) performed in the present embodiment can be arbitrarily changed by the operator by inputting an instruction from the operation display device 8. For example, in the present embodiment, the rotation speed of the spindle is set to 500 rotations at the time of retry cleaning compared to 250 rotations at the time of normal cleaning, but the rotation speed is changed according to the state of adhesion of chips or the like to the seating surface. Can be done. In addition, regarding the rotation time of the spindle and the air blowing time, in consideration of the cycle time, the retry cleaning time is set to a value obtained by adding 1 second to the normal cleaning, but when the cleaning effect is prioritized. May set a longer time. Regarding the number of retries, once is preferable in consideration of the cycle time, but if the number of times with a high cleaning effect can be specified, it may be set to two or more times, and the rotation speed of the spindle is set for each retry cleaning. May be changed.

Therefore, in the machine tool 1 of the present embodiment, when the seating surface of the spindle chuck is repeatedly cleaned, the cleaning effect of avoiding a seating error is improved by lengthening the air blowing time in the retry cleaning as compared with the normal cleaning. .. In addition, when retry cleaning, increasing the rotation speed of the spindle also improves the effect of removing chips and the like. Further, since the operation setting at the time of such retry cleaning can be arbitrarily changed by the operation display device 8, it is possible to search for an effective condition for machining the work in the machine tool 1 and set the value. In the above embodiment, the cleaning effect can be improved while minimizing the increase in the cycle time by increasing the rotation time of the main shaft for retry cleaning and the air blowing time by 1 second each.

Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to these, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, the structure of the machine tool 1 in the embodiment and the cleaning device 18 configured therein are examples and may be different.

1 ... Machine tool 5 ... Control device 8 ... Operation display device 9 ... Transfer robot 10 ... Machining room 12 ... Spindle chuck 15 ... Turret device 17 ... Seating determination device 18 ... Cleaning device 31, 33 ... Air flow path 32 ... Nozzle block 34 … Air nozzle 35… Air compressor 36… Air piping 37… Open / close electromagnetic valve 541… Cleaning program

Claims (3)

A spindle device that rotates the workpiece gripped by the spindle chuck, and
A drive device that moves the tool in the machining axis direction to machine the work, and
A seating determination device for determining whether or not the work is properly seated on the seating surface of the spindle chuck, and a seating determination device.
A cleaning device that blows air from the air nozzle onto the seating surface of the spindle chuck, and
It drives and controls each device such as the spindle device. Before the spindle chuck grips the work, the spindle chuck is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed , and air is blown from the air nozzle to the seating surface for a predetermined time. Normal cleaning and retry cleaning in which the work is removed from the spindle chuck when the judgment of the seating determination device is negative, the rotation speed of the spindle chuck is increased as compared with the normal cleaning, and the rotation time and the air blowing time are lengthened. And the control device to execute
Machine tools with. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the control device increases the rotation time of the spindle chuck and the air blowing time of the retry cleaning with respect to the rotation time and the air blowing time of the spindle chuck of the normal cleaning. An input device for inputting the number of times of the retry cleaning, the rotation time of the spindle chuck in the retry cleaning, the air blowing time, and the set values for a part or all of the rotation speed of the spindle chuck to the control device. The machine tool according to claim 1 or claim 2.

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