JP2015024454A - Machine inside cleaning apparatus for machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cleaning apparatus for cleaning the inside of a machine tool provided with a tool turret which can remove chips adhered to various parts of a working chamber with a small amount of a working liquid or an air flow, with little increase of machine costs.SOLUTION: In a machine inside cleaning apparatus, a nozzle for a working liquid or pressure air is provided in an indexing rotary part of a tool turret, and, when work machining is not performed, chips are removed by directing the nozzle toward parts to which chips adhere, through movement of a cutter holder attached with the tool turret and rotation of the indexing rotary part and spraying a working liquid or pressure air. Almost all parts of the inside of the working chamber can be cleaned by providing, in the tool turret, a nozzle which is rotatable around a shaft orthogonal to the movement plane of the cutter holder.

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning the inside of a machine tool equipped with a tool turret, and relates to an apparatus for removing chips adhering to a member in a processing chamber for processing a workpiece, a cover for partitioning the processing chamber, and a partition wall. It is.

  Machine tools that process workpieces with tools such as blades and grindstones normally perform machining while supplying machining fluid to the machining section (contact area between the tool and workpiece). Splashes around with droplets. In recent machine tools, a processing chamber (a region in which a workpiece or tool being processed moves) is partitioned by a partition wall or a cover so that the machining fluid and chips do not scatter in the factory or the mechanical mechanism of the machine. For example, on a lathe, cover the front and back and the ceiling of the machining part with a cover provided with a door on the operator side, partition the left and right of the machining chamber with a partition with openings for projecting the spindle chuck and tool post, and move the tool post The upper surface of the bed provided with guide rails and feed screws to be covered is covered with a bellows structure cover that expands and contracts following the movement of the tool post. The bellows structure cover has a structure in which, for example, the stacked thin plates are pulled out or pulled in as the tool post moves.

  Most of the chips generated during processing and the outflowing processing liquid fall on a cover on the upper surface of the bed (hereinafter referred to as “lower cover”). It is desirable to discharge the dropped machining fluid and chips as quickly as possible. Therefore, the bed is a slant type whose upper surface is inclined in the direction that the operator side becomes lower, and further, the processing liquid is sprayed on the lower cover on the back side as viewed from the operator, and the processing liquid flowing on the lower cover causes The swarf that tries to stay is washed away and removed. The flowed machining fluid and chips are guided to the machining fluid tank located under the bed, and the machining fluid is circulated and used after removing the chips with a filter and cooling, and the chips are discharged out of the machine by a chip conveyor. .

  Part of the chips generated during processing is scattered on the left and right partition walls of the processing chamber, the front and rear covers of the processing chamber and the ceiling (hereinafter referred to as “upper cover”) and members in the processing chamber including the workpiece. To do. Large chips fall by their own weight, but fine chips remain attached to the inner surface of the machining chamber due to the viscosity or surface tension of the machining fluid scattered along with the chips. Therefore, the operator cleans the processing chamber using an air gun or the like when the processing chamber becomes dirty due to chips. Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 show an apparatus for cleaning a part of a processing chamber (a work or a shank portion of a tool that is automatically changed) with a processing fluid or compressed air injected from a nozzle. .

JP 2000-225502 A JP 2005-52948 A

  The structure in which the chips falling on the lower cover are washed away with the machining fluid flowing down the cover, the machining fluid must continue to flow over the entire upper surface of the lower cover, so the amount of the circulating machining fluid increases, There is a problem that the power consumption of the machining fluid pump is increased. Furthermore, the lower cover of the bellows structure acts to press the chips adhering to the upper surface by the expansion and contraction operation of the cover against the joint portion or the bent portion of the cover plate, so it often happens that the pressed chips cannot be washed away. If this occurs, it is necessary to constantly flow a larger amount of machining fluid, which increases machine cost and power consumption due to the increased size of the machining fluid pump. There is a problem that arises.

  On the other hand, the means described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are for the purpose of cleaning a portion where adhesion of the machining liquid is particularly problematic, and the machining liquid is applied to all the places where chips are likely to accumulate in the machining chamber. In addition, in the structure where nozzles for injecting air are provided, the cost of installing a large number of nozzles and piping including a switching valve for switching between these nozzles becomes enormous, and chips are deposited depending on the shape, material, processing mode, etc. of the workpiece. Since it changes, it is also difficult to arrange a nozzle in an appropriate location.

  The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the conventional apparatus as described above. Although there is suitability depending on the structure of the machine tool, the present invention can be applied to various parts of the processing chamber with almost no increase in machine cost. It is an object of the present invention to obtain an in-machine cleaning device for a machine tool that can remove attached chips with a small amount of machining fluid or air flow.

  The present invention provides a tool mounted on the tool turret 2 provided with a nozzle 5 connected to a supply source 6 of a working fluid or pressurized air in an indexing rotary portion 23 of the tool turret of a machine tool provided with a tool turret 2. When t is not processing the workpiece, the nozzle 5 is attached to a place (target) P where the chips are attached by the movement of the tool post 21 to which the tool turret 2 is mounted and the rotation of the indexing rotation part. Directly, machining fluid or pressurized air is ejected from the nozzle to remove chips adhering to the target portion.

  The index rotator 23 of the tool turret is rotated around the index axis by an index motor. When indexing a tool, the indexing rotary part 23 is intermittently rotated, and the indexing rotary part 23 is fixed at an angle indexed by a fitting device such as a gear coupling. Since the rotation angle of the index rotation unit 23 to the index position needs to be accurately controlled, a motor that can accurately control the rotation angle such as a servo motor is used as the index motor. Accordingly, the indexing rotary part 23 can be rotated to an arbitrary angular position commanded by the controller in a state where the fitting device is disengaged, and therefore the nozzle 5 is indexed by the indexing rotary part 23. It can be directed in any direction around the axis. The tool post 21 to which the tool turret 2 is mounted is provided so as to be able to move and position above the lower cover 41 on a plane parallel to the upper surface of the cover. 23, the nozzles 5 provided in the indexing rotary part 23 are covered with the covers 11, 12, 2, 3 in the processing chamber 4 and the covers 41, 44, 45 or the partitions 42, 43 surrounding the workpiece and the processing chamber. The machining liquid or pressurized air can be sprayed toward the most part.

  A part of the tool turret 2 is mounted so as to be able to turn around an axis orthogonal to the moving plane of the tool post 21. In the case of a machine tool equipped with such a turning tool turret, the nozzle 5 is provided at the indexing rotary part that turns and rotates, so that the nozzle 5 is directed to almost all the places in the processing chamber 4. The chamber 4 can be cleaned.

  The index rotator 23 of the tool turret is provided with a passage for supplying the machining fluid to the indexed tool, that is, the cutting edge of the tool for machining the workpiece. The machining fluid is indexed from the turret housing 24 side via a coupler 25 provided in the tool turret housing (bearing that pivotally supports the indexing rotating portion, the above-described fitting device and indexing motor is accommodated). It is supplied to the rotating unit 23. Although it is not impossible to supply the machining fluid to the nozzle 5 provided in the indexing rotary unit 23 through the coupler 25 or the passage in the indexing rotary unit, normally, the machining fluid is supplied to the tool cutting edge. It is easy to supply through a route provided separately from the route. If the tool turret is a tool turret that does not have a driving device for a rotary tool such as a drill or a milling cutter (for example, a tool turret on which only a turning tool is mounted), the tool turret passes through the axis of the indexing shaft that supports the indexing rotary unit 23. It is convenient to supply machining fluid or air pressure to the nozzle 5 mounted on the indexing rotary unit 23 from the tool post 21 side. On the other hand, in a tool turret having a rotary tool drive device, there are many structures that rotate the rotary tool via a tool drive shaft that penetrates the index shaft in the axial direction. In such a case, the turret housing 24 side Then, the indexing rotary part 23 and the tool t attached thereto may be turned around to supply the working fluid and pressurized air to the nozzle 5 from the rotation center of the indexing rotary part 23 on the side opposite to the housing.

  Even if the machine tool does not have a swivel tool turret, if the machine tool has two or more tool turrets, nozzles having different angles with respect to the indexing shafts are provided at the indexing rotation portions of the two tool turrets (FIG. 4). 5a, 5b), that is, in the case of a lathe, a nozzle in a direction inclined toward the left partition is provided in the indexing rotation part of one tool turret, and the indexing rotation part of the other tool turret is provided. By providing the nozzle in the direction inclined toward the right partition, the machining liquid and the pressurized air can be sprayed toward almost all the places in the machining chamber.

  The machining fluid and pressurized air are ejected from the nozzle 5 at a timing when machining is not performed on the tool turret to which the nozzle is attached at every predetermined time at which chip accumulation is expected. The direction in which the nozzle is directed at each timing can be determined based on experience, depending on the machine structure and workpiece processing mode. What is necessary is just to add the washing | cleaning operation | movement to a location. If the machine tool is equipped with a camera 46 that acquires an image of the processing chamber, the camera was photographed in a timely manner with the camera, and the presence or absence of chip accumulation was determined from the image, and chip accumulation was recognized. Sometimes, it is only necessary to perform an operation for cleaning the portion.

  The accumulation of chips can be detected by comparing the image acquired by the camera 46 with the image of the part when the chips are not accumulated. In the place where the chips are accumulated, the hit light is irregularly reflected, and the joint on the cover plate or the like is partially disturbed on the straight line on the image showing the joint. Therefore, these may be detected from the image of the camera 46.

  According to the present invention, the part is cleaned by spraying the machining fluid or the pressurized air from the nozzle provided on the tool turret to the part where chip adhesion or accumulation is recognized, so that it can be cleaned by conventional means. It is possible to remove chips that have not been present, and it is possible to perform cleaning according to the degree of contamination by adjusting the spraying time of the working fluid or pressurized air according to the degree of deposition or adhesion.

  Further, the location (target) where the machining fluid or pressurized air is injected is set by the rotation of the indexing rotary unit and the rotation when possible and the moving position of the tool post equipped with the tool turret. The cleaning location can be changed by changing the set value of the chamber, and reliable cleaning that avoids unnecessary operations is possible. Furthermore, even if chips adhere to an unexpected location, it is easy to additionally set the cleaning operation for that location. As a result, the processing chamber can be kept clean, and most portions in the processing chamber can be automatically cleaned, so that the burden on the operator can be reduced and the working environment and the durability of the machine are improved.

  Further, in the present invention, when chip accumulation is detected from an image of a camera or the like, a processing liquid or pressurized air for chip discharge is locally sprayed toward a place where the chip has accumulated or adhered. Compared with the conventional method in which the machining fluid is always flowed to wash away the chips, the restriction of the parts that can be washed is greatly relaxed and the consumption required for washing Power can be greatly reduced, the structure is simple, there are few additional parts for cleaning, and costs can be reduced.

  That is, there is no wasteful consumption of the machining fluid and pressurized air, and an increase in power consumption of the machining fluid pump and the compressor for supplying pressurized air can be prevented. When machining fluid is used for cleaning, the machining fluid pump provided to supply the machining fluid to the machining section can also be used for chip cleaning, so the structure is simple and few parts are added for cleaning. An increase in machine cost can also be suppressed.

Schematic front view showing the processing chamber of a two-spindle facing lathe Side view A diagram showing a turning tool turret with a nozzle for cleaning the machine and a supply system for the machining fluid Enlarged view showing examples of nozzle mounting locations and nozzles

  1 to 4 are views showing an embodiment of the present invention in a two-spindle opposed lathe equipped with a turning tool turret. The lathe shown in the figure includes two main shafts arranged on the same main shaft axis 1, and work chucks 11 and 12 are mounted on opposite ends of these main shafts, respectively. An upper tool post 21 having a turning tool turret 2 is disposed above the spindle axis 1 (back side as viewed from the operator), and a lower tool post having a normal (non-turning) tool turret 3 (below turning) (Not shown in the figure). The two tool rests are movable in the Z-axis direction parallel to the main axis 1 and the X-axis direction parallel to the bed upper surface perpendicular thereto. The turning tool turret 2 is mounted on the upper tool rest 21 so as to be turnable around the Y axis orthogonal to the Z axis and the X axis. The left head stock 13 that supports the left main shaft in FIG. 1 is provided at a fixed position, and the right main stock 14 that supports the right main shaft is movable in the main shaft axis direction.

  The processing chamber 4, which is a movement space for the chucks 11 and 12 and the tool turrets 2 and 3, includes a lower cover 41 that covers the upper surface of the bed, a left partition 42 on the left side and a right partition 43 on the right side as viewed from the operator. It is partitioned by a cover 44. The left partition 42 is fixed at a fixed position. The right partition wall 43 moves in the Z-axis direction as the right spindle stock 14 moves. The upper tool rest 21 penetrates the lower cover 41, and the turning tool turret 2 is mounted on the upper tool rest 21 via a turning base 22 that is driven to turn around the Y axis. The lower turret tool turret 3 is provided so as to penetrate the right partition wall 43, and in a portion extending into the processing chamber 4, an expanding and contracting rectangular tube-like tool rest cover 45 is provided.

  Since the right headstock 14 moves in the Z-axis direction and the upper tool rest 21 moves in the Z and X directions, the lower cover 41 is a bellows in which the portions 41a and 41b on both sides of the upper tool rest 21 extend and contract in the Z-axis direction. The upper and lower parts 41c and 41d of the upper tool post 21 have a bellows structure that expands and contracts in the X-axis direction. The upper and lower portions 43a and 43b of the portion through which the lower tool rest of the right partition wall penetrates also have a bellows structure that expands and contracts in the X-axis direction. A camera 46 for confirming the state of the workpiece and the tool rest is installed above the processing chamber 4.

  A cleaning nozzle 5 is provided at an intermediate position between adjacent tool mounting stations on the outer periphery of the turret case 23 that is an indexing rotation part of the turning tool turret 2. The nozzle 5 is fixed by screwing a proximal screw 51 into a nozzle mounting hole of the turret case 23. As shown in FIG. 3, the housing 24 of the swivel tool turret 2 is provided with a coupler 25 for supplying the machining fluid to the cutting edge of the tool t indexed toward the workpiece. The machining fluid of the machining fluid pump 6 is supplied through the hose 66. On the other hand, the machining fluid is supplied to the nozzle mounting opening of the turret case 23 to which the nozzle 5 is mounted from the shaft center on the opposite side of the turret case 23 through the rotary joint 26 and the passage in the turret case.

  That is, the machining liquid discharged from the machining liquid pump 6 branches through the relief valve 61, and one branch pipe is connected to the coupler 25 via the pressure reducing valve 62, the electromagnetic on-off valve 63, and the flexible hose 64, The other branch pipe is connected to a piping block 27 fixed to the turret housing 24 via an electromagnetic on-off valve 65 and a flexible hose 66. The piping block 27 is provided with a piping 28 that bypasses the turret case 23 and the tool t attached to the piping block 27 and reaches the rotary joint 26, and the machining fluid supplied to the piping block 27 is supplied with the piping 28, the rotary joint 26, and the pipe 28. The nozzle 5 is supplied through a passage (not shown) provided in the turret case 23.

  In the above structure, when a workpiece is machined with the tool t mounted on the turret case 23 of the upper tool post, the electromagnetic switching valve 63 is opened and the machining fluid of the machining fluid pump 6 is passed through the coupler 25 to the cutting edge of the tool t. To be supplied. At the cleaning timing when the turning tool turret 2 is not performing the machining operation, such as when the workpiece is loaded / unloaded or when the workpiece is transferred between the left and right chucks, the controller moves the Z axis and X axis of the upper tool rest 21. By moving the direction, turning the swivel base 22, and indexing rotation of the turret case 23, the nozzle 5 is directed to the commanded cleaning point (target) P (see FIG. 2), and then the electromagnetic on-off valve 65 is opened to open the machining fluid pump. The processing liquid 6 is sprayed from the nozzle 5 toward the cleaning portion P. The chips accumulated in the cleaning portion flow down on the lower cover 41 together with the machining liquid peeled off and sprayed by the jetting energy of the machining liquid, and the machining liquid tank disposed under the bed 15 through a path not shown. It flows down to 67 (FIG. 3).

  Chips easily accumulate on the joint 47 of the cover plate of the expansion cover and the corner portion 48 between the cover and the partition wall. However, such a portion is known and how often it should be cleaned. Then, the cleaning means (program) in which the operation of the upper tool rest 21 and the turning tool turret 2 and the operation of jetting the machining fluid from the nozzle 5 are registered in the controller, and the location to be cleaned and the cleaning timing are registered. By providing the cleaning command means (storage device) to perform, the location can be periodically cleaned.

  On the other hand, when the chip analysis unit provided in the controller detects the chip accumulation location by analyzing the image acquired by the camera 46, it can be determined which location in the processing chamber from the coordinates of the location on the camera image. Then, the cleaning means is instructed to perform the cleaning operation with the location, and the location is cleaned.

  The above is an example in which the nozzle of the cleaning device of the present invention is provided on a turning tool turret to which a rotating tool can be attached. For example, when the upper and lower tool turrets 2 and 3 are normal tool turrets that do not turn, For tool turrets in which the nozzle 5 is provided in the turret case and the tool drive shaft is not provided at the axis of the indexing shaft, a passage for supplying machining fluid to the nozzle through the axis of the output shaft is provided. For tool turrets that have a tool drive shaft in the center, a nozzle for the upper turret case or lower turret case is provided with a piping for supplying machining fluid to the nozzle in the same structure as in the previous embodiment. By spraying the machining liquid toward the part, the entire region in the machining chamber can be cleaned.

  As described above, in a machine tool equipped with a machining fluid supply device to the tool cutting edge, if the machining fluid is sprayed from the nozzle attached to the tool turret, the removed chips can be discharged together with the machining fluid. If there is a machine tool that does not have a machining fluid supply device, pressurized air injected from the nozzle by installing a compressor and providing an air pipe for supplying pressurized air to the nozzle mounted on the tool turret It is possible to remove chips.

  In addition, the entire processing chamber is not relied upon by the reciprocating movement of the tool post and the continuous rotation of the turret case while ejecting the machining fluid and pressurized air from the nozzles provided on the tool turret without aiming to remove chips accumulated at specific locations. Can also be cleaned.

2 Tool turret 3 Tool turret 4 Processing chamber 5 Nozzle 6 Supply source of pressurized air 11 Work chuck 12 Work chuck 21 Upper tool rest 23 Indexing rotating part 24 Turret housing 25 Coupler 41 Lower cover 42 Left partition 43 Right partition 44 Upper cover 45 Tool post cover 46 Camera P Cleaning point (target)
t tool

Claims (5)

An in-machine cleaning device for a machine tool equipped with a tool turret that mounts a plurality of tools on an indexing rotation unit and performs workpiece processing with the tool indexed to the workpiece side by indexing rotation of the indexing rotation unit. ,
A rotation operation of the indexing rotation unit that includes a fluid ejection nozzle in the indexing rotation unit and directs the nozzle to a predetermined target in the processing chamber at a timing when machining with a tool attached to the indexing rotation unit is not performed. And the inside of a machine tool equipped with a tool turret that removes chips adhering to the target by a moving operation of a tool post on which the tool turret is mounted and an injection operation of injecting a working fluid or pressurized air from the nozzle Cleaning device.   A machine tool is provided with a machining fluid supply device that supplies a machining fluid to a machining portion of the tool when the workpiece is machined by a tool mounted on the indexing rotation unit, and the machining fluid is supplied from the machining fluid supply device to the nozzle. The in-machine cleaning device according to claim 1.   The in-machine cleaning device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a tool turret including the nozzle is mounted so as to be pivotable about an axis orthogonal to the indexing axis of the indexing rotation unit.   The said working fluid or pressurized air is supplied to the said nozzle via the index rotation part of the said tool turret from the index rotation center of the tool turret provided with the said nozzle. In-flight cleaning equipment.   The in-machine cleaning apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a camera that acquires an image of a processing chamber, wherein the target is set by image analysis of the camera.

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