WO2019214104A1 - 发电单元及发电装置 - Google Patents

发电单元及发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019214104A1
WO2019214104A1 PCT/CN2018/100266 CN2018100266W WO2019214104A1 WO 2019214104 A1 WO2019214104 A1 WO 2019214104A1 CN 2018100266 W CN2018100266 W CN 2018100266W WO 2019214104 A1 WO2019214104 A1 WO 2019214104A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power generating
transparent front
shielding layer
generating unit
front plate
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PCT/CN2018/100266
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柳大为
张欣
戴东亮
陈东春
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北京汉能光伏投资有限公司
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Publication of WO2019214104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019214104A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to, but is not limited to, the field of solar power generation technology, and in particular to a power generation unit and a power generation device.
  • the solar power generation device is composed of a plurality of power generation units, and the power generation unit includes a solar battery.
  • the power generation unit includes a solar battery.
  • a waterproof and insulating waterproof rubber layer is generally disposed on the periphery of the solar battery.
  • the solar cell is black, and the related art blocks a white edge and a water-repellent layer around the solar cell by attaching a layer of black tape to the edge of the solar cell.
  • the black tape provided by the related art is easily aged and deformed, so that the waterproof rubber layer and the white edge are not well blocked, and the appearance of the power generating unit is affected.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a power generating unit and a power generating device.
  • the following is an overview of the topics detailed in this document. This Summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a power generating unit, the power generating unit includes: a transparent front plate, a solar cell, a back plate, and a shielding layer formed on the transparent front plate;
  • the backboard includes a battery area in which the solar cell is disposed, and a clearing area surrounding the battery area;
  • the shielding layer covers the clear side area.
  • the color of the obscuring layer is consistent with the color of the solar cell.
  • the color of the obscuring layer is black.
  • the masking layer is on a side of the transparent front panel that faces the solar cell.
  • the obscuring layer is on a side of the transparent front panel that faces away from the solar cell.
  • the shielding layer is disposed integrally with the transparent front plate.
  • the power generating unit further includes: an insulating waterproof layer disposed between the transparent front plate and the back plate;
  • the shielding layer also covers the waterproof layer.
  • the transparent front panel is provided in one or more layers.
  • the backing plate is disposed in one or more layers.
  • the transparent front plate is provided with a groove, and the groove is filled with inorganic ink to form the shielding layer.
  • a boss is disposed on the transparent front plate, and an inorganic ink is printed on the surface of the boss to form the shielding layer.
  • the shielding layer when the transparent front plate is disposed in a plurality of layers, the shielding layer is disposed between any adjacent two of the transparent front plates; or, in the plurality of the transparent front plates, The shielding layer is disposed on a side of the transparent front plate of the top layer facing away from the solar cell; or the shielding layer is disposed on a side of the transparent front plate of the bottom layer facing the solar cell; or The shielding layer is disposed inside the transparent front plate of any layer.
  • any two adjacent layers of the transparent front plates are engaged.
  • any two adjacent layers of the backplane are engaged.
  • the power generating unit further includes a bus bar disposed in the clearing area;
  • the bus bar is electrically connected to a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the solar cell
  • the shielding layer covers the bus bar.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a power generating device including at least one power generating unit as described in any of the above.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a power generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of a solar cell, a waterproof layer, and a bus bar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a positional relationship between a shielding layer and a transparent front plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a first cross-sectional view of a shielding layer provided on a transparent front panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a second cross-sectional view of a shielding layer provided on a transparent front panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a third cross-sectional view of the shielding layer provided on the transparent front plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a fourth cross-sectional view of a shielding layer provided on a transparent front panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a power generating unit.
  • the power generating unit includes: a transparent front plate 1 , a solar cell 2 , a back plate 3 , and a shielding formed on the transparent front plate 1 .
  • Layer 4 wherein, the backboard 3 includes a battery area in which the solar cell 2 is disposed, and a clear side area surrounding the battery area; the shielding layer 4 covers the clear side area.
  • the battery area refers to a region where the solar cell 2 is disposed on the backboard 3.
  • the clear-edged area refers to an area on the back sheet 3 surrounding the battery area, that is, an area on the back sheet 3 where the solar cell 2 is not disposed, for example, a peripheral area of the solar cell 2.
  • the clearing area is provided with the bus bar 5 electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the solar cell 2.
  • the color difference between the solar cell 2 and the bus bar 5 is large, and a white edge is easily formed.
  • the white border formed between the bus bar 5 and the solar cell 2 can be covered by the masking layer 4 covering the clear region.
  • the shielding layer 4 is insulated and does not affect the power generation performance of the solar cell 2.
  • the power generating unit forms the shielding layer 4 and the transparent front panel 1 integrally by forming an insulating shielding layer 4 on the transparent front panel 1.
  • the shielding layer 4 covers the clearing of the battery panel around the back panel 3.
  • the region, for example, the shielding layer 4 covers the white edge between the bus bar 5 and the solar cell 2, and the shielding layer 4 is not easily deformed or displaced, thereby avoiding the formation of a white edge between the shielding layer 4 and the bus bar 5, which is advantageous for
  • the appearance of the power generating unit is uniform.
  • the shielding layer 4 is formed on the transparent front plate 1, which also reduces the processing difficulty of the power generating unit and improves the production efficiency. It can be seen that the power unit has good uniformity of appearance, is conducive to decoration, has simple structure, and is difficult to process, and is advantageous for production and manufacture.
  • the bus bar 5 is disposed at the edge of the solar cell 2, as shown in FIG. 3, the shielding layer 4 is formed on the periphery of the transparent front plate 1 to cover the bus bar 5 a white edge formed with the solar cell 2.
  • the edge of the solar cell 2 may be provided with a protective edge.
  • the shielding layer 4 may cover the edge of the solar cell 2, and the effective power generating area of the solar cell 2 may not be covered.
  • the width of the edge of the solar cell 2 covering the shielding layer 4 may be 1 to 4 mm, and may be, for example, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or the like.
  • the shielding layer 4 covers the edge of the solar cell 2 to have a width of 1 to 2 mm. Provided in this way, not only the white line between the bus bar 5 and the solar cell 2 can be covered, but also the area in which the solar cell 2 receives light energy is not affected.
  • the color of the shielding layer 4 coincides with the color of the solar cell 2.
  • the color of the solar cell 2 is generally black, and accordingly, the color of the shielding layer 4 may be black.
  • the shielding layer 4 is formed on the transparent front plate 1 in various ways.
  • the shielding layer 4 can be coated, printed or bonded to the transparent front plate 1 by a high temperature resistant polymer material such as a high temperature resistant tape. get. It may also be formed on the transparent front plate 1 by other means. Considering that the masking layer 4 is not easily deformed and displaced, the following example is given:
  • the shielding layer 4 is prepared by forming an inorganic ink on the transparent front plate 1 by screen printing.
  • the shielding layer 4 is firmly formed on the transparent front plate 1 to avoid deformation or displacement of the shielding layer 4, which is advantageous for uniform appearance of the power generating unit.
  • the shielding layer 4 and the transparent front plate 1 are integrally formed, which reduces the number of workpiece turnovers and the number of worker operations during the processing of the shop, and ensures the uniformity of the products and improves the yield.
  • a groove or a boss may be provided on the transparent front plate 1, and then the inorganic ink may be screen printed on the groove or the boss.
  • a groove is formed in the transparent front plate 1, and inorganic ink is filled in the groove by screen printing to obtain a shielding layer 4 which can be flush with the transparent front plate 1.
  • a boss is provided on the transparent front plate 1, and inorganic ink is screen printed on the surface of the land to obtain a shielding layer 4 protruding from the transparent front plate 1.
  • the inorganic ink may be directly printed directly on the corresponding area on the transparent front plate 1 to form the shielding layer 4; the manner of providing the groove or the boss and filling the groove with inorganic ink or printing the inorganic ink on the land may make The printing operation is easier to control and is conducive to manufacturing.
  • the inorganic ink has high temperature resistance, and the shielding layer 4 formed of the inorganic ink is not easily aged and deformed, and is favorable for covering the white edge formed between the bus bar 5 and the solar cell 2.
  • the material of the inorganic ink includes: talc, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral), pigment, and the like.
  • Inorganic inks also have the advantage of being inexpensive, which is advantageous for reducing the manufacturing cost of the power generation unit.
  • the shielding layer 4 can be formed at different positions on the transparent front plate 1 to cover the clearing area without affecting the solar cell 2 to receive light energy. Several examples are given below:
  • the shielding layer 4 is located on the side of the transparent front panel 1 facing the solar cell 2.
  • This arrangement prevents the external water vapor or other impurities from invading the shielding layer 4 and prolonging its service life.
  • the shielding layer 4 is located on the side of the transparent front panel 1 facing away from the solar cell 2.
  • Such a setting facilitates the formation of the shielding layer 4 on the transparent front panel 1 for convenient operation and improved work efficiency.
  • the shielding layer 4 is formed in the transparent front panel 1.
  • This arrangement prevents the external water vapor or other impurities from invading the shielding layer 4 and prolonging its service life.
  • an installation space may be provided in the transparent front panel 1 to fix the shielding layer 4 in the installation space, so that the shielding layer 4 and the transparent front panel 1 are integrally formed.
  • the shielding layer 4 is formed in the transparent front plate 1 by integral molding.
  • the unit further includes: an insulating waterproof layer 6 disposed between the transparent front plate 1 and the back plate 3; the shielding layer 4 also covers the waterproof layer 6.
  • the waterproof layer 6 is disposed in the clear side region, and the shielding layer 4 also covers the waterproof layer 6.
  • a blank area or a white side may be formed between the waterproof layer 6 and the transparent front plate 1 or the bus bar 5.
  • the shielding layer 4 simultaneously blocks the bus bar 5 and the waterproof layer 6 to facilitate uniform appearance of the power generating unit.
  • the cover layer 4 can be covered to make the appearance of the power generating unit uniform, which reduces the cost of procurement, storage, and the like. Reduce the difficulty of operation and increase production efficiency.
  • the waterproof layer 6 may be an insulating waterproof layer such as a butyl rubber layer or a silica gel layer.
  • the waterproof layer 6 is shielded by the shielding layer 4, and in the production process of the power generating unit, if the butyl tape is stretched and displaced by the traction during use, the transparent front plate 1 is made.
  • a blank area is formed between the backing plate 3 and the shielding layer 4 to block the blank area, which is advantageous for uniform appearance of the power generating unit.
  • the transparent front plate 1 is connected to the solar cell 2 through the first adhesive layer 7.
  • the manufacturing process of connecting the transparent front plate 1 and the solar cell 2 by using the first adhesive layer 7 is simple, the cost is low, and the connection strength is good.
  • the power generating unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to different fields, such as the field of architecture.
  • the transparent front panel 1 may be disposed in one or more layers.
  • the transparent front plate 1 When the transparent front plate 1 is disposed in a plurality of layers, the mechanical strength of the power generating unit is improved, the solar cell 2 is protected, and the service life of the power generating unit is prolonged.
  • the transparent front plate 1 When the transparent front plate 1 is provided in a plurality of layers, there are various connection modes between the adjacent two transparent front plates 1. For example, the connection between the adjacent two transparent front plates 1 can be achieved by the second adhesive layer.
  • the adjacent two transparent front plates 1 are engaged.
  • a snap groove can be arranged on the transparent front plate 1
  • a snap protrusion can be arranged on the other transparent front plate 1
  • the transparent front plate 1 can be realized by inserting the snap projection into the snap groove. Connection.
  • the structure of the card slot and the latching protrusion is not specifically limited, and the card connection can be achieved.
  • the shielding layer 4 may be disposed between the two transparent front panels 1, or the shielding layer 4 may be disposed on the top wall of the top transparent front panel 1 (the side facing away from the solar cell 2) Or, the shielding layer 4 is disposed on the bottom wall of the bottom transparent front plate 1 (the side facing the solar cell 2), or the shielding layer 4 is formed integrally with any one of the transparent front plates 1. It should be noted that “top” and “bottom” are all based on the directions shown in FIG.
  • the material of the transparent front plate 1 may be transparent float glass, ultra-white tempered glass, ultra-white embossed glass, PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) plate, PC (Polycarbonate, polycarbonate) plate. Wait.
  • the materials of the foregoing transparent front plates 1 all need to have good mechanical strength and meet the requirements of light transmission.
  • the back sheet 3 may be provided in one or more layers in consideration of the fact that the power generating unit can be applied to different fields.
  • the backboard 3 When the backboard 3 is disposed in multiple layers, the mechanical strength of the power generating unit is improved, the solar battery 2 is protected, and the service life of the power generating unit is prolonged.
  • the backboard 3 is provided in multiple layers, there are various ways of connecting between the two adjacent backplanes 3.
  • the connection between the adjacent two layers of the backsheet 3 can be achieved by the third adhesive layer.
  • the two adjacent backplanes 3 are engaged.
  • the transparent front plate 1 please refer to the description of the transparent front plate 1.
  • the material and color of the back sheet 3 are not specifically limited, and the requirements for use can be satisfied.
  • the material of the back sheet 3 may be non-tempered glass, PMMA board, PC board, or the like.
  • the solar cell 2 may be a thin film solar cell in view of reducing the weight and volume of the power generating unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the solar cell 2 may be an amorphous silicon thin film solar cell, a microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cell, a cadmium telluride thin film solar cell, a copper indium selenide thin film solar cell, or the like.
  • the structures of the transparent front plate 1, the solar cell 2, and the back plate 3 include, but are not limited to, a flat structure, and the three may also be a matching curved shape or other irregular structure.
  • the solar cell 2 may be a flexible thin film solar cell for convenience of manufacture.
  • the solar cell 2 is bonded to the backing plate 3 through the fourth adhesive layer.
  • the solar cell 2 is formed on the back sheet 3 by a sputtering process.
  • the solar cell 2 is formed on the back sheet 3 by a vapor deposition process.
  • the solar cell 2 is formed by a sputtering process or a vapor deposition process, so that the back sheet 3 can better support the solar cell 2, and functions to protect the solar cell 2.
  • the material of the first adhesive layer 7, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer and the fourth adhesive layer mentioned above may be EVA (Polyethylene vinyl acetate) or PVB adhesive.
  • EVA glue and PVB glue The bonding effect of EVA glue and PVB glue is good, and the PVB glue layer has excellent mechanical strength.
  • the power generating unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a junction box electrically connected to the bus bar 5 in consideration of the power generated by the power generating unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a wire is arranged in the junction box, so that the bus bar 5 and the external device are electrically connected to the junction box, so that the power generation unit supplies power to the external machine.
  • the junction box may be disposed on the power generating unit, for example, the junction box may be disposed at a side or a back of the power generating unit.
  • the junction box may also not be placed on the power generating unit.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a power generating device including at least one power generating unit as mentioned above.
  • the power generating device forms the shielding layer 4 and the transparent front plate 1 integrally by forming an insulating shielding layer 4 on the transparent front plate 1 of the power generating unit, and the shielding layer 4 covers the battery area around the back plate 3.
  • the clear edge region for example, the shielding layer 4 covers the white edge between the bus bar 5 and the solar cell 2, and the shielding layer 4 is not easily deformed or displaced, thereby avoiding the formation of a white edge between the shielding layer 4 and the bus bar 5.
  • the shielding layer 4 is formed on the transparent front plate 1, which also reduces the processing difficulty of the power generating unit and improves the production efficiency. It can be seen that the power generating device has good uniformity of appearance, is conducive to decoration, has simple structure, and is difficult to process, and is advantageous for production and manufacture.
  • the power generating device may include one power generating unit, and may also include multiple power generating units.
  • the power generating device includes a plurality of power generating units
  • the arrangement form of the plurality of power generating units is not specifically limited.
  • multiple power generating units are arranged side by side.
  • the plurality of power generating units are arranged in a rectangular structure.
  • a plurality of power generating units are arranged in a circular structure.

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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种发电单元及发电装置，属于太阳能发电技术领域。该发电单元包括：依次叠层设置的透明前板、太阳能电池、背板、形成于透明前板上的遮蔽层；背板包括设置太阳能电池的电池区域，以及围绕电池区域的清边区域；遮蔽层遮盖清边区域。

Description

发电单元及发电装置
本申请要求于2018年5月8日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为201820682973.1、发明名称为“发电单元及发电装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及但不限于太阳能发电技术领域，尤其是一种发电单元及发电装置。
背景技术
随着太阳能技术的发展，越来越多的太阳能发电装置被应用。其中，太阳能发电装置由多个发电单元组合而成，发电单元包括太阳能电池。为了避免外界水汽、灰尘等杂质侵入发电单元内部，一般在太阳能电池的周缘设置防水且绝缘的防水胶层。太阳能电池呈黑色，相关技术通过在太阳能电池的边缘粘贴一层黑色胶带，以遮挡太阳能电池周围的白边和防水胶层。
但相关技术提供的黑色胶带易老化变形，导致无法很好的遮挡防水胶层和白边，影响发电单元的外观。
实用新型内容
本公开实施例提供了一种发电单元及发电装置。以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种发电单元，所述发电单元包括：依次叠层设置的透明前板、太阳能电池、背板、形成于所述透明前板上的遮蔽层；
所述背板包括设置所述太阳能电池的电池区域，以及围绕所述电池区域的清边区域；
所述遮蔽层遮盖所述清边区域。
在一种实施方式中，所述遮蔽层的颜色与所述太阳能电池的颜色一致。
在一种实施方式中，所述遮蔽层的颜色为黑色。
在一种实施方式中，所述遮蔽层位于所述透明前板的面向所述太阳能电池的一侧。
在一种实施方式中，所述遮蔽层位于所述透明前板的背离所述太阳能电池的一侧。
在一种实施方式中，所述遮蔽层与所述透明前板设置为一个整体。
在一种实施方式中，所述发电单元还包括：设置于所述透明前板与所述背板之间的绝缘防水层；
所述遮蔽层还遮盖所述防水层。
在一种实施方式中，所述透明前板设置成一层或多层。
在一种实施方式中，所述背板设置成一层或多层。
在一种实施方式中，所述透明前板上设置槽，在所述槽内填充无机油墨形成所述遮蔽层。
在一种实施方式中，所述透明前板上设置凸台，在所述凸台表面印刷无机油墨形成所述遮蔽层。
在一种实施方式中，所述透明前板设置成多层时，所述遮蔽层设置于任意相邻的两层所述透明前板之间；或者，在多层所述透明前板中，所述遮蔽层设置于位于顶层的所述透明前板背离所述太阳能电池的一侧；或者，所述遮蔽层设置于位于底层的所述透明前板面向所述太阳能电池的一侧；或者，所述遮蔽层设置于任意一层透明前板的内部。
在一种实施方式中，所述透明前板设置成多层时，任意相邻的两层所述透明前板之间卡接。
在一种实施方式中，所述背板设置成多层时，任意相邻的两层所述背板之间卡接。
在一种实施方式中，所述发电单元还包括设置在所述清边区域的汇流条；
所述汇流条与所述太阳能电池的正极和负极电连接；
所述遮蔽层遮盖所述汇流条。
另一方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种发电装置，所述发电装置包括至少一个如上述提及的任一种所述的发电单元。
在阅读上述概述并理解了附图和详细描述后，可以明白本公开保护范围涵盖的其他方面。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所 需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本公开实施例提供的发电单元的截面图；
图2是本公开实施例提供的太阳能电池、防水层、汇流条的位置关系示意图；
图3是本公开实施例提供的遮蔽层与透明前板的位置关系示意图；
图4是本公开实施例提供的遮蔽层设置于透明前板上的第一种截面图；
图5是本公开实施例提供的遮蔽层设置于透明前板上的第二种截面图；
图6是本公开实施例提供的遮蔽层设置于透明前板上的第三种截面图；
图7是本公开实施例提供的遮蔽层设置于透明前板上的第四种截面图。
其中，附图标记分别表示：
1-透明前板，
2-太阳能电池，
3-背板，
4-遮蔽层，
5-汇流条，
6-防水层，
7-第一胶层。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本公开实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
本公开实施例提供了一种发电单元，如附图1所示，该发电单元包括：依次叠层设置的透明前板1、太阳能电池2、背板3、形成于透明前板1上的遮蔽层4。其中，背板3包括设置太阳能电池2的电池区域，以及围绕电池区域的清边区域；遮蔽层4遮盖清边区域。
需要说明的是，电池区域指的是：背板3上设置太阳能电池2的区域。清边区域指的是：背板3上围绕电池区域的区域，即，背板3上未设置太阳能电池2的区域，例如，太阳能电池2的周缘区域。一般地，清边区域设置有与太阳能电池2的正极和负极电连接的汇流条5，但是，太阳能电池2与汇流条5 的颜色相差较大，易形成白边。
可以理解的是，通过遮蔽层4遮盖清边区域，能够遮盖汇流条5与太阳能电池2之间形成的白边。遮蔽层4绝缘，不影响太阳能电池2的发电性能。
本公开实施例提供的发电单元，通过在透明前板1上形成绝缘的遮蔽层4，使遮蔽层4与透明前板1形成一个整体，遮蔽层4遮盖背板3上围绕电池区域的清边区域，例如，遮蔽层4遮盖了汇流条5与太阳能电池2之间的白边，并且，遮蔽层4不易变形或者移位，避免了遮蔽层4与汇流条5之间形成白边，利于使该发电单元的外观统一。遮蔽层4形成于透明前板1上，还降低了该发电单元的加工难度，提高生产效率。可见，该发电单元的外观统一性好，利于装饰，结构简单，加工难度小，利于生产制造。
作为一种示例，如附图1和附图2所示，汇流条5设置于太阳能电池2的边缘，如附图3所示，遮蔽层4形成于透明前板1的周缘，以遮盖汇流条5与太阳能电池2形成的白边。
其中，太阳能电池2的边缘可能设置有保护边缘，此时，遮蔽层4可以遮盖太阳能电池2的边缘，未遮盖太阳能电池2的有效发电区域即可。遮蔽层4遮盖太阳能电池2边缘的宽度可为1～4mm，例如可以为1mm、2mm、3mm、4mm等。
作为一种示例，遮蔽层4遮盖太阳能电池2边缘的宽度为1～2mm。如此设置，不仅可以将汇流条5与太阳能电池2之间的白线遮盖，还不会影响太阳能电池2接收光能的面积。
进一步地，考虑到遮蔽层4利于该发电单元的外观统一，遮蔽层4的颜色与太阳能电池2的颜色一致。
如此设置，避免了不同颜色的强烈对比，增加了视觉的舒适度，使该发电单元的外观统一，利于该发电单元的美观。
太阳能电池2的颜色一般为黑色，相应地，遮蔽层4的颜色可以为黑色。
遮蔽层4形成于透明前板1上的方式有多种，举例来说，遮蔽层4可以通过耐高温的高分子材料(例如耐高温胶带)涂覆、印刷或者粘结于透明前板1上得到。也可以通过其他方式形成于透明前板1上。考虑到遮蔽层4不易变形和移位，给出以下示例：
遮蔽层4通过将无机油墨以丝网印刷的方式形成于透明前板1上制备得到。
如此设置，使遮蔽层4牢固地形成于透明前板1上，避免遮蔽层4变形或者移位，利于发电单元的外观统一。并且，使遮蔽层4与透明前板1之间形成一个整体，减少了车间加工过程中工件周转次数及工人操作次数，还确保产品的统一性，提高良品率。
具体地，可以在透明前板1上设置槽或者凸台，然后在槽或者凸台上丝网印刷无机油墨。参见附图4，在透明前板1上设置槽，在槽内通过丝网印刷填充无机油墨，以得到可以与透明前板1齐平的遮蔽层4。或者，参见附图5，在透明前板1上设置凸台，在凸台表面丝网印刷无机油墨，得到凸出于透明前板1的遮蔽层4。
应当理解，可以直接在透明前板1上的对应区域直接印刷无机油墨来形成遮蔽层4；设置凹槽或者凸台并在凹槽内填充无机油墨或者在凸台上印刷无机油墨的方式可使得印刷操作更易控制，有利于生产制造。
无机油墨的耐高温性好，采用无机油墨形成的遮蔽层4不易老化变形，利于遮盖汇流条5与太阳能电池2之间形成的白边。
作为一种示例，无机油墨的材料包括：滑石粉、钛白粉、碳酸钙、PVB(Polyvinyl Butyral，聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)胶、颜料等。
无机油墨还具有价格低廉的优点，利于降低发电单元的制造成本。
遮蔽层4可以在透明前板1上的不同位置形成，能够遮盖清边区域，且不影响太阳能电池2接收光能即可，以下给出几种示例：
示例地，如图1所示，遮蔽层4位于透明前板1的面向太阳能电池2的一侧。
如此设置，避免外界的水汽或者其他杂质侵害遮蔽层4，延长其使用寿命。
示例地，如图6所示，遮蔽层4位于透明前板1的背离太阳能电池2的一侧。
如此设置，利于在透明前板1上形成遮蔽层4，方便操作，提高工作效率。
示例地，如图7所示，遮蔽层4形成于透明前板1中。
如此设置，避免外界的水汽或者其他杂质侵害遮蔽层4，延长其使用寿命。
可以理解的是，当遮蔽层4设置于透明前板1中时，遮蔽层4与部分透明前板1之间形成夹层结构，即，形成透明前板1的部分上层-遮蔽层4-透明前板1的剩余下层的夹层结构。
具体地，可以在透明前板1中设置安装空间，使遮蔽层4固定于安装空间 内，使遮蔽层4与透明前板1形成一个整体。或者，采用一体成型的方式，使遮蔽层4形成于透明前板1中。
考虑到水汽、灰尘等杂质容易侵入透明前板1与背板3之间，影响太阳能电池2的发电性能，如附图1、附图6和附图7所示，本公开实施例提供的发电单元还包括：设置于透明前板1与背板3之间的绝缘防水层6；遮蔽层4还遮盖防水层6。
可以理解的是，防水层6设置于清边区域内，遮蔽层4还遮盖防水层6。
防水层6与透明前板1或者汇流条5之间可能形成空白区域或者白边，遮蔽层4同时遮挡汇流条5和防水层6，利于该发电单元的外观统一。并且，当设置防水层6的区域尺寸不同时，可以仅使用一种尺寸的防水层6，通过遮蔽层4对其进行遮盖，使该发电单元的外观统一，这减少了采购、存储等成本，降低操作难度，提高生产效率。
其中，防水层6可以为丁基胶层、硅胶层等绝缘防水层。
以防水层6为丁基胶层为例，通过遮蔽层4遮蔽防水层6，在发电单元的生产过程中，若丁基胶带在使用过程中因牵引造成拉伸移位，使得透明前板1与背板3之间形成空白区域，则遮蔽层4能够遮挡该空白区域，利于发电单元的外观统一。
透明前板1与太阳能电池2之间的连接方式有多种，举例来说，如附图1所示，透明前板1通过第一胶层7与太阳能电池2连接。采用第一胶层7实现透明前板1和太阳能电池2连接的制造工艺简单，成本低，且连接力度好。
本公开实施例提供的发电单元可应用于不同领域中，例如建筑领域，为了扩大本公开实施例提供的发电单元的应用范围，透明前板1可以设置成一层或多层。
当透明前板1设置为多层时，利于提高该发电单元的机械强度，对太阳能电池2起到保护作用，延长了该发电单元的使用寿命。
当透明前板1设置为多层时，相邻两层透明前板1之间的连接方式有多种。举例来说，相邻两层透明前板1之间可以通过第二胶层实现连接。
或者，相邻两层透明前板1之间卡接。此时，可以在一层透明前板1上设置卡接槽，另一层透明前板1上设置卡接凸起，通过将卡接凸起插入卡接槽内，实现两层透明前板1的连接。对于卡接槽和卡接凸起的结构不作具体限定，满足实现卡接即可。
当透明前板1设置为多层时，遮蔽层4可以设置于两层透明前板1之间，或者，遮蔽层4设置于顶层透明前板1的顶壁上(背离太阳能电池2的一侧)，或者，遮蔽层4设置于底层透明前板1的底壁上(面向太阳能电池2的一侧)，或者，遮蔽层4与任意一层透明前板1形成为一个整体。需要说明的是，“顶”、“底”均以附图1中所示的方向为基准。
其中，透明前板1的材料可以为透明浮法玻璃、超白钢化玻璃、超白布纹压花玻璃、PMMA(polymethyl methacrylate，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)板、PC(Polycarbonate，聚碳酸酯)板等。前述几种透明前板1的材料均需具有良好的机械强度，满足透光要求即可。
考虑到该发电单元能够适用于不同的领域中，背板3可以设置成一层或多层。
当背板3设置为多层时，利于提高该发电单元的机械强度，对太阳能电池2起到保护作用，延长了该发电单元的使用寿命。
当背板3设置为多层时，相邻两层背板3之间的连接方式有多种。举例来说，相邻两层背板3之间可以通过第三胶层实现连接。
或者，相邻两层背板3之间卡接。具体连接方式可参见对透明前板1的阐述。
对于背板3的材料和颜色不作具体限定，满足使用要求即可。举例来说，背板3的材料可以为非钢化玻璃、PMMA板、PC板等。
考虑到减少本公开实施例提供的发电单元的重量和体积，太阳能电池2可以为薄膜太阳能电池。
举例来说，太阳能电池2可以为非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池、微晶硅薄膜太阳能电池、碲化镉薄膜太阳能电池、铜铟硒化物薄膜太阳能电池等。
在本公开实施例中，透明前板1、太阳能电池2、背板3的结构包括但不限于平板状结构，三者还可以为相适配的弧形或者其他不规则的结构。当透明前板1和背板3为不规则结构时，为了方便制造，太阳能电池2可以为柔性薄膜太阳能电池。
太阳能电池2与背板3之间的连接方式有多种，举例来说，太阳能电池2通过第四胶层粘结于背板3上。
或者，太阳能电池2通过溅射工艺形成于背板3上。
或者，太阳能电池2通过气相沉积工艺形成于背板3上。
通过溅射工艺或者气相沉积工艺形成太阳能电池2，使背板3能够更好地为太阳能电池2提供支撑，起到保护太阳能电池2的作用。
上述提及的第一胶层7、第二胶层、第三胶层、第四胶层的材料可以为EVA(Polyethylene vinylacetate，聚乙烯-聚醋酸乙烯酯共聚物)胶或者PVB胶。
EVA胶和PVB胶的粘结效果好，并且，PVB胶层具有优良的机械强度。
考虑到能够容易地利用本公开实施例提供的发电单元所发的电能，本公开实施例提供的发电单元还包括：与汇流条5电连接的接线盒。
接线盒内设置有导线，使汇流条5和外界机器均与接线盒电连接，使发电单元为外界机器供电。
接线盒可以设置在发电单元上，例如，接线盒可以设置于发电单元的侧部或者背部。接线盒也可以不设置在发电单元上。
另一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种发电装置，该发电装置包括至少一个如上述提及的任一种发电单元。
本公开实施例提供的发电装置，通过在发电单元的透明前板1上形成绝缘的遮蔽层4，使遮蔽层4与透明前板1形成一个整体，遮蔽层4遮盖背板3上围绕电池区域的清边区域，例如，遮蔽层4遮盖了汇流条5与太阳能电池2之间的白边，并且，遮蔽层4不易变形或者移位，避免了遮蔽层4与汇流条5之间形成白边，利于使该发电装置的外观统一。遮蔽层4形成于透明前板1上，还降低了该发电单元的加工难度，提高生产效率。可见，该发电装置的外观统一性好，利于装饰，结构简单，加工难度小，利于生产制造。
其中，本公开实施例提供的发电装置可以包括一个发电单元，也可以包括多个发电单元。
当该发电装置包括多个发电单元时，对于多个发电单元的设置形式不作具体限定。
举例来说，多个发电单元并排设置。或者，多个发电单元以矩形结构排列设置。或者，多个发电单元以圆形结构排列设置。
以上所述仅为本公开的说明性实施例，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种发电单元，包括：依次叠层设置的透明前板(1)、太阳能电池(2)、背板(3)；其中，所述发电单元还包括形成于所述透明前板(1)上的遮蔽层(4)；
    所述背板(3)包括设置所述太阳能电池(2)的电池区域，以及围绕所述电池区域的清边区域；
    所述遮蔽层(4)遮盖所述清边区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发电单元，其中，所述遮蔽层(4)的颜色与所述太阳能电池(2)的颜色一致。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的发电单元，其中，所述遮蔽层(4)的颜色为黑色。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的发电单元，其中，所述遮蔽层(4)位于所述透明前板(1)的面向所述太阳能电池(2)的一侧。
  5. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的发电单元，其中，所述遮蔽层(4)位于所述透明前板(1)的背离所述太阳能电池(2)的一侧。
  6. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的发电单元，其中，所述遮蔽层(4)与所述透明前板(1)形成为一个整体。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的发电单元，其中，所述发电单元还包括：设置于所述透明前板(1)与所述背板(3)之间的绝缘防水层(6)；
    所述遮蔽层(4)还遮盖所述防水层(6)。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的发电单元，其中，所述透明前板(1)设置成一层或多层。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8任一项所述的发电单元，其中，所述背板(3)设置成一层或多层。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的发电单元，其中，所述遮蔽层(4)通过耐高温材料涂敷、印刷或粘结于所述透明前板(1)上形成。
  11. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的发电单元，其中，所述透明前板(1)上设置槽，在所述槽内填充无机油墨形成所述遮蔽层(4)；或者所述透明前板(1)上设置凸台，在所述凸台表面印刷无机油墨形成所述遮蔽层(4)。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的发电单元，其中，所述透明前板(1)设置成多层时，所述遮蔽层(4)设置于任意相邻的两层所述透明前板(1)之间；或者，在多层所述透明前板(1)中，所述遮蔽层(4)设置于位于顶层的所述透明前板(1)背离所述太阳能电池(2)的一侧；或者，所述遮蔽层(4)设置于位于底层的所述透明前板(1)面向所述太阳能电池(2)的一侧；或者，所述遮蔽层(4)与任意一层所述透明前板(1)形成为一个整体。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的发电单元，其中，所述透明前板(1)设置成多层时，任意相邻的两层所述透明前板(1)之间卡接。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的发电单元，其中，所述背板(3)设置成多层时，任意相邻的两层所述背板(3)之间卡接。
  15. 根据权利要求1～14任一项所述的发电单元，其中，所述发电单元还包括设置在所述清边区域的汇流条(5)；
    所述汇流条(5)与所述太阳能电池(2)的正极和负极电连接；
    所述遮蔽层(4)遮盖所述汇流条(5)。
  16. 一种发电装置，其中，所述发电装置包括至少一个如权利要求1～15任一项所述的发电单元。
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CN111403516A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2020-07-10 汉能移动能源控股集团有限公司 太阳能电池组件及太阳能电池组件的制备方法

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CN1336011A (zh) * 1999-11-19 2002-02-13 韦贝斯托车辆系统国际有限公司 汽车用的太阳能板装置
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