WO2019210828A1 - Bcl-2 INHIBITORS - Google Patents

Bcl-2 INHIBITORS Download PDF

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WO2019210828A1
WO2019210828A1 PCT/CN2019/085001 CN2019085001W WO2019210828A1 WO 2019210828 A1 WO2019210828 A1 WO 2019210828A1 CN 2019085001 W CN2019085001 W CN 2019085001W WO 2019210828 A1 WO2019210828 A1 WO 2019210828A1
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compound
heterocyclyl
alkyl
ring
membered
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PCT/CN2019/085001
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yunhang GUO
Hai Xue
Zhiwei Wang
Hanzi SUN
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BeOne Medicines Ltd
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Beigene Ltd
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Priority to HRP20250392TT priority Critical patent/HRP20250392T1/hr
Priority to SG11202009933WA priority patent/SG11202009933WA/en
Priority to EP19797052.8A priority patent/EP3788042B1/en
Priority to SI201930922T priority patent/SI3788042T1/sl
Priority to KR1020207033817A priority patent/KR102738032B1/ko
Priority to LTEPPCT/CN2019/085001T priority patent/LT3788042T/lt
Priority to FIEP19797052.8T priority patent/FI3788042T3/fi
Priority to JP2020555218A priority patent/JP2021521138A/ja
Application filed by Beigene Ltd filed Critical Beigene Ltd
Priority to CN201980029015.1A priority patent/CN112437772B/zh
Priority to BR112020022092-2A priority patent/BR112020022092A2/pt
Priority to CA3098348A priority patent/CA3098348A1/en
Priority to EP25150254.8A priority patent/EP4545515A1/en
Priority to AU2019264475A priority patent/AU2019264475C1/en
Priority to ES19797052T priority patent/ES3018793T3/es
Priority to IL278366A priority patent/IL278366B2/en
Priority to CN202311185016.XA priority patent/CN117430601A/zh
Priority to CN202311486964.7A priority patent/CN117683029A/zh
Priority to MX2020011495A priority patent/MX2020011495A/es
Priority to PL19797052.8T priority patent/PL3788042T3/pl
Priority to EA202092449A priority patent/EA202092449A1/ru
Priority to US17/050,581 priority patent/US11420968B2/en
Priority to DK19797052.8T priority patent/DK3788042T3/da
Publication of WO2019210828A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019210828A1/en
Priority to TW109114185A priority patent/TWI855062B/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US17/750,821 priority patent/US12077536B2/en
Priority to JP2024094048A priority patent/JP7540113B1/ja
Priority to US18/745,423 priority patent/US20240376104A1/en
Priority to JP2024135320A priority patent/JP7688210B2/ja
Priority to JP2025085498A priority patent/JP2025119001A/ja
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/09—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D471/14—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

  • Disclosed herein is a compound of Formula (I) for inhibiting Bcl-2 and treating disease associated with undesirable bcl-2 activity (Bcl-2 related diseases) , a method of using the compounds disclosed herein for treating dysregulated apoptotic diseases including neurodegenerative conditions, e.g., Alzheimer's disease; and proliferative diseases, e.g., cancers, autoimmune diseases and pro-thrombotic conditions, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.
  • neurodegenerative conditions e.g., Alzheimer's disease
  • proliferative diseases e.g., cancers, autoimmune diseases and pro-thrombotic conditions
  • apoptosis occurs in multicellular organisms to dispose damaged or unwanted cells, which is critical for normal tissue homeostasis. (Br. J. Cancer 1972, 26, 239) .
  • defective apoptotic processes have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases. Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer (Cell 2011, 144, 646) .
  • Resistance to apoptotic cell death is a hallmark of cancer and contributes to chemoresistance (Nat Med. 2004, 10, 789-799) .
  • Several key pathways controlling apoptosis are commonly altered in cancer.
  • Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 family of proteins inhibit apoptosis. Negative regulation of apoptosis inhibits cell death signaling pathways, helping tumors to evade cell death and developing drug resistance.
  • the extrinsic pathway is activated in response to the binding of death-inducing ligands to cell-surface death receptors (Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017 16, 273-284) .
  • the B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) gene family a group of proteins homologous to the Bcl-2 protein, encodes more than 20 proteins that regulate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
  • Bcl-2 family proteins are characterized by containing at least one of four conserved Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains (BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4) (Nat. Rev. Cancer 2008, 8, 121; Mol. Cell 2010, 37, 299; Nat. Rev.
  • Bcl-2 family proteins consisting of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic molecules, can be classified into the following three subfamilies according to sequence homology within four BH domains: (1) a subfamily shares sequence homology within all four BH domains, such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Bcl-w which are anti-apoptotic; (2) a subfamily shares sequence homology within BH1, BH2 and BH4, such as Bax and Bak which are pro-apoptotic; (3) a subfamily shares sequence homology only within BH3, such as Bik, Bid and HRK which are pro-apoptotic.
  • Bcl-2 family proteins One of the unique features of Bcl-2 family proteins is heterodimerization between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins, which is considered to inhibit the biological activity of their partners.
  • This heterodimerization is mediated by the insertion of a BH3 region of a pro-apoptotic protein into a hydrophobic cleft composed of BH1, BH2 and BH3 from an anti-apoptotic protein.
  • the BH4 domain is required for anti-apoptotic activity.
  • BH3 domain is essential and, itself, sufficient for pro-apoptotic activity.
  • Bcl-2 overexpress is found frequently in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) , relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) , follicular lymphoma (FL) , non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and solid tumors such as pancreatic, prostate, breast, and small cell and non-small cell lung cancers (Cancer 2001, 92, 1122-1129; Cancer Biol. 2003; 13: 115-23; Curr.
  • AML acute myeloid leukemia
  • ALL acute lymphocytic leukemia
  • CLL relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • FL follicular lymphoma
  • NHL non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  • solid tumors such as pancreatic, prostate, breast, and small cell and non-small cell lung cancers
  • Dysregulated apoptotic pathways have also been implicated in the pathology of other significant diseases such as neurodegenerative conditions (up-regulated apoptosis) , e.g., Alzheimer's disease; and proliferative diseases (down-regulated apoptosis) , e.g., cancers, autoimmune diseases and pro-thrombotic conditions.
  • neurodegenerative conditions up-regulated apoptosis
  • proliferative diseases down-regulated apoptosis
  • cancers e.g., autoimmune diseases and pro-thrombotic conditions.
  • Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL a number of small-molecule BH3 mimetics have been reported in (Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery, 2008, 3, 20-30; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
  • Bcl-2 small molecule inhibitors have been investigated at various stages of drug development: the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-263 (navitoclax, WO2009155386) has shown promising clinical activity in lymphoid malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, its efficacy in these settings is limited by platelet death and attendant thrombocytopenia caused by Bcl-xL inhibition (Lancet Oncol. 2010, 11, 1149; J. Clin. Oncol. 2011, 29, 909; J. Clin. Oncol. 2012, 30, 488) .
  • Ring A is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 2 ;
  • R 2a , R 2b , and R 2c are each independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2- 8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2- 8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy or -C 1-8 alkyoxy;
  • Ring B is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 1 ;
  • R 1a , R 1b , and R 1c are each independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2- 8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2- 8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy or -C 1-8 alkyoxy;
  • R Ba , R Bb , and R Bc are each independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of said -C 1- 8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, -NH 2 or -N (C 1-6 alkyl) 2 , -C 1- 8 alkyoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
  • R Bd is independently hydrogen, halogen, oxo, -CN, -NO 2 , -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, -C 1-8 alkyoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
  • R 3 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, each of said C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 3a ;
  • R 3b , R 3c , and R 3d are independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2- 8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2- 8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy or -C 1-8 alkyoxy;
  • R 4a , R 4b , and R 4c are independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2- 8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy or -C 1-8 alkyoxy;
  • R 4d is independently hydrogen, oxo, -CN, -NO 2 , halogen, -C 1- 8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy or -C 1-8 alkyoxy;
  • n is an integer of 1-4;
  • R 5 is –L 5 -CyC
  • CyC is cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5a ;
  • R 5b , R 5c , and R 5d are each independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2- 8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, -cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5e ;
  • R 5f , R 5g , and R 5h are each independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
  • R 5i , R 5j , and R 5k are independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2- 8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2- 8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy or -C 1-8 alkyoxy;
  • R a , R b , R c , and R d at each occurrence are independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2- 8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl are each independently substituted with –CN, halogen, -NO 2 , -NR e R f , oxo, -OR e , or –SR e ; and
  • R e and R f are each independently hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 alkoxy-C 1-8 alkyl-, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl.
  • R a , R b , R c and R d are independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, preferably hydrogen or methyl.
  • L 1 is a direct bond or - (CR a R b ) t -, wherein R a , R b and t are defined as with Formula (I) .
  • t is a number of 1 or 2.
  • L 1 is a direct bond or - (CR a R b ) -, wherein R a and R b are hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, preferably hydrogen.
  • L 1 is a direct bond.
  • t or v is a number of 1-4.
  • L 2 is a direct bond, - (CR a R b ) 1-5 -, - (CR a R b ) 1-3 - (C ⁇ C) -, -O-or -NR a -, wherein R a , R b and R c , at each occurrence, are independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, and one or two CR a R b moieties in - (CR a R b ) 1-5 -, - (CR a R b ) 1-3 - (C ⁇ C) -are replaced with one or two moieties from O, S, SO, SO 2 , C (O) and NR a .
  • L 2 is a direct bond, - (CR a R b ) 1-5 -, - (CR a R b ) 1- 3 - (C ⁇ C) -, or -NR a -, wherein R a , R b and R c , at each occurrence, are independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, and one or two CR a R b moieties in - (CR a R b ) 1-5 -, - (CR a R b ) - (C ⁇ C) -are replaced with one or two heteroatoms from O or NR a , wherein R a is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, preferably hydrogen or CH 3 .
  • L 2 is a direct bond, -CH 2 -, -O-, -NH-, wherein *3 refers to the position attached to ring A, **4 refers to the position attached to the phenyl ring.
  • L 2 is a direct bond.
  • L 1 and L 2 are both direct bonds, or L 1 is -CH 2 -or -CH 2 -CH 2 -and L 2 is a direct bond.
  • L 3 is a direct bond, - (CR a R b ) t -, -O-, -S-, -S (O) -, -SO 2 -, -C (O) -, C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, or -NR a -, wherein R a , R b and t are defined as with Formula (I) .
  • R a and R b are independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, and t is 1 or 2.
  • L 3 is -O-, -CH 2 -, a direct bond, or -C (O) -. More preferably, L 3 is –O-.
  • R 3 is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 3a as defined with Formula (I) .
  • R 3 is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 3a selected from halogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, or -NR 3b R 3c , wherein R 3b and R 3c are independently hydrogen, or -C 1-8 alkyl.
  • R 3 is a 5 to 7-membered nitrogen-containing monocyclic heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 3a selected from halogen, -C 1- 8 alkyl, or -NR 3b R 3c , wherein R 3b and R 3c are independently hydrogen, or -C 1-8 alkyl.
  • R 3 is tetrazolyl, trizolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, each of which optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 3a selected from halogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, or -NR 3b R 3c , wherein R 3b and R 3c are independently hydrogen, or -C 1-8 alkyl.
  • R 3 is a 8-to 12-membered bicyclic heteroaryl comprising 1 or 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms.
  • R 3 is indolyl, pyrrolopyridiny, or pyrazolopyridinyl, each of which optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 3a selected from halogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, or -NR 3b R 3c , wherein R 3b and R 3c are independently hydrogen, or -C 1-8 alkyl.
  • R 3 is indol-4-yl, pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridin-5-yl, pyrazolo [4, 3-b] pyridin-1-yl.
  • R 3 is 11-to 14-membered tricyclic heteroaryl comprising 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 nitrogen atoms optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 3a selected from halogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, or -NR 3b R 3c , wherein R 3b and R 3c are independently hydrogen, or -C 1- 8 alkyl.
  • R 3 is pyrazolo [4, 3-b] pyrrolo [3, 2-e] pyridine-1 (5i) -yl.
  • L 3 is –O-
  • R 3 is pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridin-5-yl.
  • L 4 is -C (O) NR a SO 2 -, wherein R a is hydrogen and C 1-6 alkyl; is preferably hydrogen.
  • L 4 is *-C (O) NR a SO 2 -**, wherein R a is hydrogen and C 1-6 alkyl; is preferably hydrogen, wherein *refers to the position attached to Ring C, and **refers to the position attached to Ring D.
  • R 4 is -NO 2, F, Cl, Br, cyano, or -SO 2 R 4a , wherein R 4a is defined as with Formula (I) .
  • R 4 is -NO 2, F, Cl, Br, cyano, or -SO 2 R 4a , wherein R 4a is -C 1-8 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, preferably –CF 3 .
  • R 4 is -NO 2 .
  • ring A is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 2 .
  • R 2 is hydrogen, halogen (e.g., F, Cl or Br) or C 1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl) optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., F, Cl or Br) .
  • ring A is a phenyl ring, which is 1, 2-phenylene, 1, 3-phenylne, or 1, 4-phenylene.
  • ring A is a cycloalkyl ring which is C 3-8 cycloalkyl.
  • ring A is selected from cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or cycloheptyl.
  • ring A is 1, 2-cyclobutylene, 1, 3-cyclobutylene, 1, 2-cyclopentylene, 1, 3-cyclopentylene, 1, 2-cyclohexylene, 1, 3-cyclohexylene, 1, 4-cyclohexylene, 1, 2-cycloheptylene, 1, 3-cycloheptylene or 1, 4-cycloheptylene.
  • ring A is C 3-8 cycloalkenyl.
  • ring A is cyclohexenyl. More preferably, ring A is cyclohex-3-enyl or cyclohex-2-enyl.
  • ring A is heteroaryl.
  • ring A is a monocyclic 5-or 6-membered heteroaryl comprising one or two or three or four heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • ring A is pyridine, pyrazole, thiophene, or pyrimidine.
  • ring A is 8-to 12-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring.
  • ring A is pyrazolopyrimidine (e.g., pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine) , benzothiophene (benzo [b] thiophene) , or pyrazolopyridine (e.g., pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridine) group.
  • pyrazolopyrimidine e.g., pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine
  • benzothiophene benzo [b] thiophene
  • pyrazolopyridine e.g., pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridine
  • ring A is heterocyclyl.
  • ring A is selected from
  • ring A is 5 to 12-membered spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen as ring members.
  • ring A is 4-membered/4-membered, 3-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogen or oxygen as ring members.
  • ring A is 4-membered/4-membered or 4-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen as ring member.
  • ring A is (7-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl) , (2-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl) , (3-azaspiro [5.5] undecan-3, 9-diyl) , (2-azaspiro [3.3] heptan-2, 6-diyl) , (8-azaspiro [4.5] decan-2, 8-diyl) , (2-azaspiro [4.5] decan-2, 8-diyl) .
  • ring A is heterocyclic which is piperidine, pyrrolidine, and azetidine; 7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane, 2-azaspiro [3.5] nonane, 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane; tetrahydrothienopyridine (e.g., 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrothieno [2, 3-c] pyridine) , tetrahydropyrrolopyrazine (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrazine) , tetrahydropyrrolopyrazine (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrazine) , hexahydroindolizine (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 8a-hexahydroindolizine) , dihydropyrrolothiazole (e.g., 5, 6-d
  • ring A is selected from the group consisting of:
  • ring A is
  • Ring B is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 1 ;
  • R 1 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, oxo, -CN, or -OR 1a ; wherein said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl are each independently optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 1d ,
  • R 1a is hydrogen, or -C 1-8 alkyl, said -C 1-8 alkyl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy or -C 1-8 alkyoxy;
  • R 1d is independently halogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2- 8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -CN, -OR Ba , -SO 2 R Ba , -CONR Ba R Bb , -NR Ba R Bb , -NR Ba COR Bb , or -NR Ba SO 2 R Bb ; wherein said -C 1-8 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl are each independently optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R Bd ;
  • R Ba and R Bb are each independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, -C 1-8 alkyoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
  • R Bd is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, or aryl is optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, -C 1-8 alkyoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl.
  • cycloalkyl as Ring B is monocyclic C 3-8 cycloalkyl, preferably cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, substituted with R 1 .
  • R 1 is an aryl group (e.g., phenyl) optionally substituted with R 1d which is monocyclic C 3-8 cycloalkyl.
  • cycloalkenyl as Ring B is monocyclic C 3-8 cycloalkenyl, preferably cyclopentenyl or cyclohexenyl, substituted with one or two or three R 1 .
  • R 1 is C 1-8 alkyl (e.g., C 1-6 alkyl, preferably methyl) , or an aryl group (e.g., phenyl) optionally substituted with R 1d which halogen.
  • heterocyclyl as ring B is monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl, a 5 to 20-membered spiro heterocyclyl, a 5 to 20-membered fused heterocyclyl, or a 5 to 20-membered bridged heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 1 .
  • monocyclic heterocyclyl is a monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, SO or SO 2 heteroatoms as ring members.
  • monocyclic heterocyclyl is a monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen atom as the ring member.
  • the monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen atom as the ring member is C-linked or N-linked.
  • the monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen atom as the ring member is saturated.
  • the saturated heterocyclyl is a N-linked saturated heterocyclyl, including, but not limited to aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, azepan-1-yl, and azocan-1-yl, preferably pyrrolidin-1-yl.
  • the saturated heterocyclyl is a C-linked saturated heterocyclyl, including but not limited to aziridin-2-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, piperidin-4-yl, azepan-2-yl, azepan-3-yl, azepan-4-yl, azocan-2-yl, azocan-3-yl, azocan-4-yl, and azocan-5-yl.
  • the monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen atom as the ring member is unsaturated.
  • the monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen atom as the ring member contains one carbon-carbon double bond.
  • the monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen atom as the ring member is dihydropyrrolyl, e.g., 2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl and 2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl, or tetrahydropyridinyl.
  • monocyclic heterocyclyl is a monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen atom and one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, SO or SO 2 heteroatoms as ring members.
  • the monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen atom and one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, SO or SO 2 heteroatoms as ring members is C-linked or N-linked.
  • the monocyclic heterocyclyl is saturated.
  • the saturated monocyclic heterocyclyl is N-linked.
  • the saturated monocyclic heterocyclyl is C-linked.
  • ring B is pyrrolidin-1-yl substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 1 .
  • R 1 is a phenyl group.
  • ring B is aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, piperidin-1-yl, azepan-1-yl, or azocan-1-yl, preferably pyrrolidin-1-yl which is substituted with a phenyl group at position 2 and further optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or 3 substituents R 1 on the pyrrolidinyl ring, and said phenyl group at position 2 is optionally substituted with R 1d as defined with Formula (I) .
  • R 1 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, oxo, -CN, or -OR 1a ; wherein said -C 1-8 alkyl , -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 1d , wherein R 1a is hydrogen or C 1-8 alkyl, preferably methyl, and R 1d is halogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, or -OR Ba , wherein R Ba is hydrogen or -C 1-8 alkyl.
  • R 1 is heteroaryl, preferably furanyl, more preferably furan-3-yl. In some embodiment, R 1 is substituted at
  • R 1d when substituted on the phenyl group at position 2 of ring B (including the aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, piperidin-1-yl, azepan-1-yl, or azocan-1-yl, preferably the pyrrolidin-1-yl group) , is independently halogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -CN, -OR Ba , -SO 2 R Ba , -CONR Ba R Bb , -NO 2 , -NR Ba R Bb , -NR Ba COR Bb , or -NR Ba SO 2 R Bb ; wherein said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl
  • -C 1-8 alkyl as R 1d is further optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R Bd , which is halogen, phenyl, cycloalkyl (e.g., C 3-8 cycloalkyl, preferably cyclopropyl) , heterocyclyl (e.g., piperazinyl, piperidinyl) optionally substituted with C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R 1d is -C 1-8 alkyl selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, tert-butyl, and isobutyl, optionally substituted with R Bd .
  • two methyl groups are at position 2 of the phenyl ring at position 2 of ring B.
  • cycloalkyl as R 1d is further optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R Bd , which is halogen, cyano, C 2-8 alkynyl (preferably ethynyl) , or C 1-8 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen (preferably CF 3 ) .
  • R 1d is C 3-8 cycloalkyl selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl, optionally substituted with R Bd .
  • one cyclopropyl is at position 2 of the phenyl ring at position 2 of ring B.
  • -C 2-8 alkenyl as R 1d is prop-1-en-2-yl.
  • -C 2-8 alkynyl as R 1d is ethynyl.
  • R Ba is hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl (selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isopropyl) , C 3-8 cycloalkyl (preferably cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl) , aryl (preferably phenyl) , wherein C 1-8 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl and aryl are each independently substituted with halogen, heterocyclyl (preferably monocyclic 4-to 9-membered heterocyclyl, more preferably morpholino) , hydroxy, or –C 1-8 alkoxyl (preferably methoxyl) .
  • R 1d is aryl which is phenyl.
  • R 1d is heterocycle which is monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen or sulfur as ring member, preferably monocyclic 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising one oxygen atom as ring member or monocyclic 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogen atoms as ring members.
  • R 1d is heteroaryl, preferably thiophenyl or furanyl.
  • ring B is pyrrolidin-1-yl substituted with a naphthyl group, preferably substituted with a naphthyl at position 2.
  • ring B is pyrrolidin-1-yl substituted with a heteroaryl group, preferably substituted with a heteroaryl group at position 2.
  • said heteroaryl is 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1-4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • said heteroaryl is pyridinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, or pyrazolyl.
  • the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen or C 3-8 cycloalkyl (preferably cyclopropyl) .
  • ring B is pyrrolidin-1-yl substituted with -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, or -C 2-8 alkynyl, preferably substituted with -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, or -C 2-8 alkynyl at position 2, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, or -C 2-8 alkynyl is unsubstituted or substituted with a phenyl group, said phenyl group is optionally substituted with halogen or C 3-8 cycloalkyl (preferably cyclopropyl) .
  • ring B is pyrrolidin-1-yl substituted with methyl, ethenyl, or ethynyl, each of which is optionally substituted with a phenyl group optionally substituted as above.
  • ring B is pyrrolidin-1-yl, optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 1 as defined with Formula (I) .
  • ring B is a 2-substituted pyrrolidin-1-yl group
  • L 1 is a direct bond
  • L 2 is a direct bond
  • ring A is a 1, 4-phenylene ring, or 5 to 12-membered spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen as ring members, preferably 5 to 12-membered spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogenz as ring member; more preferably a 4-membered/4-membered, 3-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogen or oxygen as ring members; most preferably ring A is 7-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl, 2-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl, 3-
  • ring B is a 2- (substituted phenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl group
  • L 1 is a direct bond
  • L 2 is a direct bond
  • ring A is a 1, 4-phenylene ring, , or 5 to 12-membered spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen as ring members, preferably 5 to 12-membered spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogenz as ring member; more preferably a 4-membered/4-membered, 3-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogen or oxygen as ring members; most preferably ring A is 7-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl, 2-azaspiro [3.5] nonan
  • ring B is a 2- (2-substituted phenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl group or 2- (3-substituted phenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl group
  • L 1 is a direct bond
  • L 2 is a direct bond
  • ring A is a 1, 4-phenylene ring or 7-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl, 2-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl, 3-azaspiro [5.5] undecan-3, 9-diyl, 2-azaspiro [3.3] heptan-2, 6-diyl, 8-azaspiro [4.5] decan-2, 8-diyl, or 2-azaspiro [4.5] decan-2, 8-diyl, wherein the phenyl group at position 2 of the pyrrolindin-1-yl is substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 1d as defined with Formula (I) .
  • ring B is a 2- (2-substituted phenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl group or 2- (3-substituted phenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl group
  • L 1 is a direct bond
  • ring A is a 1, 4-cyclohexylene ring or 1, 4-cyclohex-3-enyl or 1, 4-cyclohex-2-enyl or 1, 4-cyclohex-1-enyl or 7-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl, 2-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl, 3-azaspiro [5.5] undecan-3, 9-diyl, 2-azaspiro [3.3] heptan-2, 6-diyl, 8-azaspiro [4.5] decan-2, 8-diyl, or 2-azaspiro [4.5] decan-2, 8-diyl
  • L 2 is a direct bond, wherein the phenyl group
  • m is 1.
  • L 5 is a direct bond, - (CR a R b ) t -or -NR a -, wherein t is a number of 1 to 7, and one or two CR a R b moieties in - (CR a R b ) t -are un-replaced or replaced with one or more moieties selected from O and NR a , wherein R a and R b are defined as with Formula (I) .
  • L 5 is a direct bond, - (CR a R b ) 1-4 -, -O- (CR a R b ) 1-3 -, -NH- (CR a R b ) 1-3 , or -NH-, wherein R a and R b are defined as with Formula (I) so that the –L 5 -CyC moiety is CyC, - (CR a R b ) 1-4 -CyC, -O- (CR a R b ) 1-3 -CyC, -NH- (CR a R b ) 1-3 -CyC, or -NH-CyC, respectively.
  • L 5 is a direct bond, - (CH 2 ) 1-4 -, -O- (CH 2 ) 1-3 -, -NH- (CR a R b ) - (CH 2 ) 2 -, or -NH-, wherein R a is hydrogen and R b is C 1-8 alkyl optionally substituted with phenyl-S-so that the –L 5 -CyC moiety is CyC, - (CH 2 ) 1-4 -CyC, -O- (CH 2 ) 1-3 -CyC, -NH- (CR a R b ) - (CH 2 ) 2 -CyC, or -NH-CyC, respectively.
  • L 5 is a direct bond, -CH 2 -, -O- CH 2 -, -NH-CH 2 -, or -NH-so that the –L 5 -CyC moiety is CyC, -CH 2 -CyC, -O-CH 2 -CyC, -NH-CH 2 -CyC, or -NH-CyC, respectively.
  • CyC is cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5a ;
  • R 5a is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, oxo, -OR 5b , -NR 5b R 5c , -COR 5b , -SO 2 R 5b , -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, -cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of said -C 1- 8 alkyl, and heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5e which is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, -OR 5f , -C 1-8 alkyl, -cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl;
  • R 5b , and R 5c are each independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl or heterocyclyl, said -C 1-8 alkyl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5e which is hydrogen, -NR 5f R 5g , or -cycloalkyl;
  • R 5f and R 5g are each independently hydrogen or -C 1-8 alkyl
  • CyC is cycloalkyl selected from monocyclic C 3-8 cycloalkyl or bridged cycloalkyl each of which is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5a .
  • CyC is cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5a .
  • CyC is heterocyclyl selected from:
  • CyC is monocyclic 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one nitrogen or oxygen or sulfur heteroatom as ring member. More preferably, Cyc is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, and piperdinyl.
  • CyC is selected from oxetan-2-yl, Oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-4-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl, tetrahydropyran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, azetidin-3-yl, azetidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, piperdin-4-yl, piperdin-2-yl, and piperdin-3-yl.
  • CyC is monocyclic 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing two heteroatoms selected from oxygen and nitrogen as ring members. More preferably, CyC is dioxanyl, morpholino, morpholinyl, or piperzinyl. Even more preferably 1, 3-dioxan-2-yl, 1, 3-dioxan-4-yl, 1, 4-dioxan-2-yl, morpholin-1-yl, morpholin-2-yl, or morpholin-3-yl.
  • CyC is 4-membered/4-membered, 3-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogen or oxygen as ring members. More preferably, CyC is (7-oxa-2-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2-yl) , or (2-oxaspiro [3.5] nonan-7-yl) .
  • R 5a is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, oxo, -OR 5b , -NR 5b R 5c , -COR 5b , -SO 2 R 5b , -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, monocyclic C 3- 8 cycloalkyl, or monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl group containing one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen or sulfur heteroatom as ring members, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl and monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5e .
  • cycloalkyl as R 5a is C 3-6 cycloalkyl; more preferably cyclopropyl.
  • heterocyclyl as R 5a is 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen or sulfur heteroatom as ring members. More preferably, heterocyclyl as R 5a is oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperzinyl, or morpholinyl. Even more preferably, heterocyclyl as R 5a is oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, or morphin-4-yl.
  • heterocyclyl as R 5e is monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl group containing one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen or sulfur heteroatom as ring members.
  • heterocyclyl as R 5e is tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl.
  • R 5a is -NR 5b R 5c , wherein R 5b is hydrogen, and R 5c is heterocyclyl.
  • R 5a is -NR 5b R 5c , wherein R 5b is hydrogen, and R 5c is tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl.
  • R 5a is -NR 5b R 5c , wherein R 5b and R 5c are each independently hydrogen or –C 1-6 alkyl substituted with cycloalkyl, preferably –C 1-6 alkyl substituted with monocyclic C 3-8 cycloalkyl.
  • R 5a is -OR 5b or -SO 2 R 5b , wherein R 5b is hydrogen or C 1-8 alkyl, preferably methyl.
  • R 5a is -COR 5b , wherein R 5b is hydrogen or C 1-8 alkyl optionally substituted with -NR 5f R 5g , wherein R 5f and R 5g are each independently hydrogen or C 1-8 alkyl, preferably methyl.
  • two adjacent R 5 on the phenyl ring together with the phenyl ring form indazolyl which is substituted with tetrahydropyranyl.
  • -L 5 -CyC is selected from the group consisting of:
  • Ring A is a phenyl ring, which is 1, 4-phenylene; or 5 to 12-membered spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen as ring members, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 2 ;
  • R 2 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, or -C 1-8 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen;
  • Ring B is a monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen atom as the ring member or a monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl comprising one nitrogen atom and one additional heteroatom selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, SO or SO 2 heteroatoms as ring members, said ring is N-linked;
  • R 1 , R 5 and m are defined with formula (I) .
  • L 1 and L 2 are each independently a direct bond, and L 4 is -C (O) NHSO 2 -;
  • L 3 is –O-, and R 3 is pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridin-5-yl;
  • R 4 is -NO 2 .
  • ring A is 1, 4-phenylene.
  • ring A is 5 to 12-membered spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen as ring members; preferably ring A is 4-membered/4-membered, 3-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogen or oxygen as ring members; more preferably ring A is (7-azaspiro [3.5] nonan- 2, 7-diyl) , (2-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl) , (3-azaspiro [5.5] undecan-3, 9-diyl) , (2-azaspiro [3.3] heptan-2, 6-diyl, wherein *1 refers to the position attached to the pyrrolidin
  • ring B is aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, piperidin-1-yl, azepan-1-yl, or azocan-1-yl, preferably pyrrolidin-1-yl, which is substituted with a phenyl group at position 2 and further optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or 3 substituents R 1 on the pyrrolidinyl ring, and said phenyl group at position 2 (i.e., ortho position) is optionally substituted with R 1d as defined with Formula (I) .
  • ring A is (7-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl) , (2-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2, 7-diyl) , (3-azaspiro [5.5] undecan-3, 9-diyl) , (2-azaspiro [3.3] heptan-2, 6-diyl, wherein *1 refers to the position attached to the pyrrolidinyl ring, and **2 refers to the position attached to the phenyl ring so that the compound of formula (III) may be represented by the following subgenus formulas (III-A) , (III-B) , (III-C) , (III-D) or (III-E)
  • R 1d is defined with formula (I) .
  • R 1d when substituted on the phenyl group at position 2 of ring B (including the aziridin-1-yl, azetidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, piperidin-1-yl, azepan-1-yl, or azocan-1-yl, preferably the pyrrolidin-1-yl group) , is independently halogen, -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -CN, -OR Ba , -SO 2 R Ba , -CONR Ba R Bb , -NO 2 , -NR Ba R Bb , -NR Ba COR Bb , or -NR Ba SO 2 R Bb ; wherein said -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkenyl, -C
  • R 1d is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl or methoxymethyl, or two methyl at position of the phenyl ring; or propenyl; or cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl; or ethoxy or isopropoxy; or amino or dimethylamino.
  • the 2- (2-substituted phenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl moiety as ring B is selected from the group consisting of:
  • m is 1; and L 5 is a direct bond, - (CR a R b ) t -or -NR a -, wherein t is a number of 1 to 7, and one or two CR a R b moieties in - (CR a R b ) t -are un-replaced or replaced with one or more moieties selected from O and NR a , wherein R a and R b are defined as with Formula (I) .
  • L 5 is a direct bond, - (CR a R b ) 1-4 -, -O- (CR a R b ) 1-3 -, -NH- (CR a R b ) 1-3 , or -NH-, wherein R a and R b are defined as with Formula (I) so that the –L 5 -CyC moiety is CyC, - (CR a R b ) 1-4 -CyC, -O- (CR a R b ) 1-3 -CyC, -NH- (CR a R b ) 1-3 -CyC, or -NH-CyC, respectively.
  • L 5 is a direct bond, - (CH 2 ) 1-4 -, -O- (CH 2 ) 1-3 -, -NH- (CR a R b ) - (CH 2 ) 2 -, or -NH-, wherein R a is hydrogen and R b is C 1-8 alkyl optionally substituted with phenyl-S-so that the –L 5 -CyC moiety is CyC, - (CH 2 ) 1-4 -CyC, -O- (CH 2 ) 1-3 -CyC, -NH- (CR a R b ) - (CH 2 ) 2 -CyC, or -NH-CyC, respectively.
  • L 5 is a direct bond, -CH 2 -, -O-CH 2 -, -NH-CH 2 -, or -NH-so that the –L 5 -CyC moiety is CyC, -CH 2 -CyC, -O-CH 2 -CyC, -NH-CH 2 -CyC, or -NH-CyC, respectively.
  • CyC is cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5a ;
  • R 5a is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, oxo, -OR 5b , -NR 5b R 5c , - COR 5b , -SO 2 R 5b , -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, -cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of said -C 1- 8 alkyl, and heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5e which is selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, -OR 5f , -C 1-8 alkyl, -cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl;
  • R 5b , and R 5c are each independently hydrogen, -C 1-8 alkyl or heterocyclyl, said -C 1-8 alkyl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5e which is hydrogen, -NR 5f R 5g , or -cycloalkyl;
  • R 5f and R 5g are each independently hydrogen or -C 1-8 alkyl
  • CyC is cycloalkyl selected from monocyclic C 3-8 cycloalkyl or bridged cycloalkyl each of which is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5a .
  • CyC is cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5a .
  • CyC is heterocyclyl selected from:
  • CyC is monocyclic 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one nitrogen or oxygen or sulfur heteroatom as ring member. More preferably, Cyc is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, and piperdinyl.
  • CyC is selected from oxetan-2-yl, Oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-4-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl, tetrahydropyran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, azetidin-3-yl, azetidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, piperdin-4-yl, piperdin-2-yl, and piperdin-3-yl.
  • CyC is monocyclic 6-membered heterocyclyl group containing two heteroatoms selected from oxygen and nitrogen as ring members. More preferably, CyC is dioxanyl, morpholino, morpholinyl, or piperzinyl. Even more preferably 1, 3-dioxan-2-yl, 1, 3-dioxan-4-yl, 1, 4-dioxan-2-yl, morpholin-1-yl, morpholin-2-yl, or morpholin-3-yl.
  • CyC is 4-membered/4-membered, 3-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogen or oxygen as ring members. More preferably, CyC is (7-oxa-2-azaspiro [3.5] nonan-2-yl) , or (2-oxaspiro [3.5] nonan-7-yl) .
  • R 5a is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, oxo, -OR 5b , -NR 5b R 5c , -COR 5b , -SO 2 R 5b , -C 1-8 alkyl, -C 2-8 alkynyl, monocyclic C 3- 8 cycloalkyl, or monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl group containing one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen or sulfur heteroatom as ring members, each of said -C 1-8 alkyl and monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted with one or two substituents R 5e .
  • cycloalkyl as R 5a is C 3-6 cycloalkyl; more preferably cyclopropyl.
  • heterocyclyl as R 5a is 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen or sulfur heteroatom as ring members. More preferably, heterocyclyl as R 5a is oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperzinyl, or morpholinyl. Even more preferably, heterocyclyl as R 5a is oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, or morphin-4-yl.
  • heterocyclyl as R 5e is monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl group containing one or two heteroatoms selected from nitrogen or oxygen or sulfur heteroatom as ring members.
  • heterocyclyl as R 5e is tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl.
  • R 5a is -NR 5b R 5c , wherein R 5b is hydrogen, and R 5c is heterocyclyl.
  • R 5a is -NR 5b R 5c , wherein R 5b is hydrogen, and R 5c is tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl.
  • R 5a is -NR 5b R 5c , wherein R 5b and R 5c are each independently hydrogen or –C 1-6 alkyl substituted with cycloalkyl, preferably –C 1-6 alkyl substituted with monocyclic C 3-8 cycloalkyl.
  • R 5a is -OR 5b or -SO 2 R 5b , wherein R 5b is hydrogen or C 1-8 alkyl, preferably methyl.
  • R 5a is -COR 5b , wherein R 5b is hydrogen or C 1-8 alkyl optionally substituted with -NR 5f R 5g , wherein R 5f and R 5g are each independently hydrogen or C 1-8 alkyl, preferably methyl.
  • two adjacent R 5 on the phenyl ring together with the phenyl ring form indazolyl which is substituted with tetrahydropyranyl.
  • m is 1, and R 5 is -L 5 -CyC selected from the group consisting of:
  • m is 1 and R 5 is
  • the carbon atom at position 2 of the pyrrolidinyl ring, to which the phenyl ring in the subgenus formulas (III) , (III-A) , (III-B) , (III-C) , (III-D) or (III-E) is attached is of (S) -configuration.
  • compound of formula (I) has the formula (IV)
  • variable R 1 , R 1d , R 5 and m are defined with Formula (I) .
  • the carbon atom at position 2 of the piperazinyl ring, to which the phenyl ring in the subgenus formula (IV) is attached is of (S) -or (R) -configuration.
  • the compounds of formula (III) including subgenus formulas (III-A) , (III-B) , (III-C) , (III-D) or (III-E) , and formula (IV) are more potent and highly selective due to the optimum combination of the spiro or phenylene moiety and substitution of a phenyl group at position of the nitrogen-linked heterocyclyl (in particular the 2- (2-substituted phenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl moiety for formula (III) and 2- (2-substituted phenyl) piperazin-1-yl for formula (IV) ) of the compounds disclosed herein.
  • the dysregulated apoptotic disease is cancer, such as, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin, melanoma, myelogenous leukemia, myeloma, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, spleen cancer published in WO 2005049593 and WO 2005049594.
  • cancer such as, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bone marrow cancer, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lymphoblastic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, lymphoid malignancies of T-cell or B-cell origin,
  • the dysregulated apoptotic disease is autoimmune disease, such as, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) .
  • SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • composition comprising the compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • alkyl refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched saturated hydrocarbon groups comprising from 1 to 18, such as from 1 to 12, further such as from 1 to 10, more further such as from 1 to 8, or from 1 to 6, or from 1 to 4, carbon atoms.
  • alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms include, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl or n-propyl ( “n-Pr” ) , 2-propyl or isopropyl ( “i-Pr” ) , 1-butyl or n-butyl ( “n-Bu” ) , 2-methyl-1-propyl or isobutyl ( “i-Bu” ) , 1-methylpropyl or s-butyl ( “s-Bu” ) , 1, 1-dimethylethyl or t-butyl ( “t-Bu” ) , 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-penty
  • halogen refers to fluoro (F) , chloro (Cl) , bromo (Br) and iodo (I) .
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group in which one or more hydrogen is/are replaced by one or more halogen atoms such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
  • haloalkyl include haloC 1-8 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl or halo C 1-4 alkyl, but not limited to -CF 3 , -CH 2 Cl, -CH 2 CF 3 , -CCl 2 , CF 3 , and the like.
  • alkenyl group e.g., C 2-6 alkenyl
  • examples of the alkenyl group, e.g., C 2-6 alkenyl include, but not limited to ethenyl or vinyl, prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, buta-1, 3-dienyl, 2-methylbuta-1, 3-dienyl, hex-1-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-4-enyl, and hexa-1, 3-dienyl groups.
  • alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched hydrocarbon group, comprising at least one C ⁇ C triple bond and from 2 to 18, such as 2 to 8, further such as from 2 to 6, carbon atoms.
  • alkynyl group e.g., C 2-6 alkynyl
  • examples of the alkynyl group, e.g., C 2-6 alkynyl include, but not limited to ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl (propargyl) , 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, and 3-butynyl groups.
  • alkyloxy refers to an alkyl group as defined above attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • alkyloxy e.g., C 1- 6 alkyloxy or C 1-4 alkyloxy includes, but not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy and hexoxy and the like.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from saturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups, comprising monocyclic and polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic and tricyclic) groups including fused, bridged or spiro cycloalkyl.
  • the cycloalkyl group may comprise from 3 to 12, such as from 3 to 10, further such as 3 to 8, further such as 3 to 6, 3 to 5, or 3 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the cycloalkyl group may be selected from monocyclic group comprising from 3 to 12, such as from 3 to 10, further such as 3 to 8, 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of the monocyclic cycloalkyl group include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, and cyclododecyl groups.
  • Examples of the saturated monocyclic cycloalkyl group include, but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups.
  • the cycloalkyl is a monocyclic ring comprising 3 to 6 carbon atoms (abbreviated as C 3-6 cycloalkyl) , including but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.
  • bicyclic cycloalkyl groups include those having from 7 to 12 ring atoms arranged as a fused bicyclic ring selected from [4, 4] , [4, 5] , [5, 5] , [5, 6] and [6, 6] ring systems, or as a bridged bicyclic ring selected from bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, and bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane.
  • the bicyclic cycloalkyl groups include those arranged as a bicyclic ring selected from [5, 6] and [6,6] ring systems, such as wherein the wavy lines indicate the points of attachment.
  • the ring may be saturated or have at least one double bond (i.e. partially unsaturated) , but is not fully conjugated, and is not aromatic, as aromatic is defined herein.
  • spiro cycloalkyl refers to a cyclic structure which contains carbon atoms and is formed by at least two rings sharing one atom.
  • 7 to 10 membered spiro cycloalkyl refers to a cyclic structure which contains 7 to 10 carbon atoms and is formed by at least two rings sharing one atom.
  • fused cycloalkyl refers to a fused ring which contains carbon atoms and is formed by two or more rings sharing two adjacent atoms.
  • fused cycloalkyl refers to a fused ring which contains 4 to 10 ring carbon atoms and is formed by two or more rings sharing two adjacent atoms.
  • Examples include but are not limited to bicyclo [1.1.0] butyl, bicyclo [2.1.0] pentyl, bicyclo [3.1.0] hexyl, bicyclo [4.1.0] heptyl, bicyclo [3.3.0] octyl, bicyclo [4.2.0] octyl, decalin, as well as benzo 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl, benzo C 4-6 cycloalkenyl, 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indenyl, 1H-indenyl, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetralyl, 1, 4-dihydronaphthyl, etc.
  • Preferred embodiments are 8 to 9 membered fused cyclyl, which refer to cyclic structures containing 8 to 9 ring atoms within the above examples.
  • bridged cycloalkyl refers to a cyclic structure which contains carbon atoms and is formed by two rings sharing two atoms which are not adjacent to each other.
  • 7 to 10 membered bridged cycloalkyl refers to a cyclic structure which contains 7 to 12 carbon atoms and is formed by two rings sharing two atoms which are not adjacent to each other.
  • cycloalkenyl refers to non-aromatic cyclic alkyl groups of from 3 to 10 carbon atoms having single or multiple rings and having at least one double bond and preferably from 1 to 2 double bonds.
  • the cycloalkenyl is cyclopentenyl or cyclohexenyl, preferably cyclohexenyl.
  • cycloalkynyl refers to non-aromatic cycloalkyl groups of from 5 to 10 carbon atoms having single or multiple rings and having at least one triple bond.
  • aryl used alone or in combination with other terms refers to a group selected from:
  • bicyclic ring systems such as 7 to 12 membered bicyclic ring systems, wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, e.g., naphthyl and indanyl; and,
  • tricyclic ring systems such as 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, e.g., fluorenyl.
  • a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring has 5 to 10 ring-forming carbon atoms (i.e., C 5-10 aryl) .
  • Examples of a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring includes, but not limited to, phenyl, naphth-1-yl, naphth-2-yl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, and the like.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is a naphthalene ring (naphth-1-yl or naphth-2-yl) or phenyl ring.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is a phenyl ring.
  • heteroaryl refers to a group selected from:
  • 5-, 6-or 7-membered aromatic, monocyclic rings comprising at least one heteroatom, for example, from 1 to 4, or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, in some embodiments, from 1 to 2, heteroatoms, selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) , with the remaining ring atoms being carbon;
  • 8-to 12-membered bicyclic rings comprising at least one heteroatom, for example, from 1 to 4, or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, or, in other embodiments, 1 or 2, heteroatoms, selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon and wherein at least one ring is aromatic and at least one heteroatom is present in the aromatic ring; and
  • 11-to 14-membered tricyclic rings comprising at least one heteroatom, for example, from 1 to 4, or in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, or, in other embodiments, 1 or 2, heteroatoms, selected from N, O, and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon and wherein at least one ring is aromatic and at least one heteroatom is present in an aromatic ring.
  • the heteroaryl group contains more than one heteroatom ring member, the heteroatoms may be the same or different.
  • the nitrogen atoms in the ring (s) of the heteroaryl group can be oxidized to form N-oxides.
  • C-linked heteroaryl as used herein means that the heteroaryl group is connected to the core molecule by a bond from a C-atom of the heteroaryl ring
  • a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring has 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-ring forming members with 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) and the remaining ring members being carbon.
  • the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring comprising 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) .
  • the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring is a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl ring, which is monocyclic and which has 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) .
  • the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring is a 8-to 10-membered heteroaryl ring, which is bicyclic and which has 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.
  • heteroaryl group or the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring examples include, but are not limited to, (as numbered from the linkage position assigned priority 1) pyridyl (such as 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl) , cinnolinyl, pyrazinyl, 2, 4-pyrimidinyl, 3, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2, 4-imidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl (such as 1, 2, 3-thiadiazolyl, 1, 2, 4-thiadiazolyl, or 1, 3, 4-thiadiazolyl) , tetrazolyl, thienyl (such as thien-2-yl, thien-3-yl) , triazinyl, benzothienyl, furyl or furanyl, benzofuryl, benzoimidazo
  • Heterocyclyl , “heterocycle” or “heterocyclic” are interchangeable and refer to a non-aromatic heterocyclyl group comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, SO or SO 2 heteroatoms as ring members, with the remaining ring members being carbon, including monocyclic, fused, bridged, and spiro ring, i.e., containing monocyclic heterocyclyl, bridged heterocyclyl, spiro heterocyclyl, and fused heterocyclic groups.
  • monocyclic heterocyclyl refers to monocyclic groups in which at least one ring member is a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, SO or SO 2 .
  • a heterocycle may be saturated or partially saturated.
  • Exemplary monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl groups include, but not limited to, (as numbered from the linkage position assigned priority 1) pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, imidazolidin-2-yl, imidazolidin-4-yl , pyrazolidin-2-yl, pyrazolidin-3-yl, piperidin-1-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, piperidin-4-yl, 2, 5-piperazinyl, pyranyl, morpholinyl, morpholino, morpholin-2-yl, morpholin-3-yl, oxiranyl, aziridin-1-yl, aziridin-2-yl, azocan-1-yl, azocan-2-yl, azocan-3-yl, azocan-4-yl, azocan-5-yl, thiiranyl, azeti
  • spiro heterocyclyl refers to a 5 to 20-membered polycyclic heterocyclyl with rings connected through one common carbon atom (called a spiro atom) , comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, SO or SO 2 heteroatoms as ring members, with the remaining ring members being carbon.
  • a spiro heterocyclyl group may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system.
  • a spiro heterocyclyl is 6 to 14-membered, and more preferably 7 to 10-membered.
  • a spiro heterocyclyl is divided into mono-spiro heterocyclyl, di-spiro heterocyclyl, or poly-spiro heterocyclyl, and preferably refers to mono-spiro heterocyclyl or di-spiro heterocyclyl, and more preferably 4-membered/4-membered, 3- membered/5-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl.
  • spiro heterocyclyls include, but not limited to the following groups: 2, 3-dihydrospiro [indene-1, 2'-pyrrolidine] (e.g., 2, 3-dihydrospiro [indene-1, 2'-pyrrolidine] -1'-yl) , 1, 3-dihydrospiro [indene-2, 2'-pyrrolidine] (e.g., 1, 3-dihydrospiro [indene-2, 2'-pyrrolidine] -1'-yl) , azaspiro [2.4] heptane (e.g., 5-azaspiro [2.4] heptane-5-yl) , azaspiro [3.4] octane (e.g., 6-azaspiro [3.4] octane-6-yl) , 2-oxa-6-azaspiro [3.4] octane (e.g., 2-oxa-6-azaspiro [3.4
  • fused heterocyclic group refers to a 5 to 20-membered polycyclic heterocyclyl group, wherein each ring in the system shares an adjacent pair of atoms (carbon and carbon atoms or carbon and nitrogen atoms) with another ring, comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, SO or SO 2 heteroatoms as ring members, with the remaining ring members being carbon.
  • One or more rings of a fused heterocyclic group may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system.
  • a fused heterocyclyl is 6 to 14-membered, and more preferably 7 to 10-membered.
  • a fused heterocyclyl is divided into bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, or polycyclic fused heterocyclyl, preferably refers to bicyclic or tricyclic fused heterocyclyl, and more preferably 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered bicyclic fused heterocyclyl.
  • fused heterocycles include, but not limited to, the following groups octahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrrole (e.g., octahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrrol-2-yl) , octahydropyrrolo [3, 4-c] pyrrolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, isoindolinyl (e.g., isoindoline-2-yl) , octahydro-benzo [b] [1, 4] dioxin, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzo [d] [1, 3] dioxolyl.
  • octahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrrole e.g., octahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrrol-2-yl
  • octahydropyrrolo [3, 4-c] pyrrolyl octahydroisoindolyl
  • bridged heterocyclyl refers to a 5 to 14-membered polycyclic heterocyclic alkyl group, wherein every two rings in the system share two disconnected atoms, comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of NH, O, S, SO or SO 2 heteroatoms as ring members, with the remaining ring members being carbon.
  • One or more rings of a bridged heterocyclyl group may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system.
  • a bridged heterocyclyl is 6 to 14-membered, and more preferably 7 to 10-membered.
  • a bridged heterocyclyl is divided into bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic or polycyclic bridged heterocyclyl, and preferably refers to bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic bridged heterocyclyl, and more preferably bicyclic or tricyclic bridged heterocyclyl.
  • Representative examples of bridged heterocyclyls include, but not limited to, the following groups: 2-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptyl, azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexyl, 2-azabicyclo [2.2.2] octyl and 2-azabicyclo [3.3.2] decyl.
  • the heterocyclyl ring may be fused to aryl, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl ring, wherein the ring structure is connected to the parent heterocyclic group together.
  • C-linked heterocyclyl refers to a heterocyclyl group which is connected to the other part of the molecule by a direct bond from a carbon atom of the heterocyclyl ring.
  • N-linked heterocyclyl refers to a heterocyclyl group which is connected to the other part of the molecule by a direct bond from a nitrogen atom of the heterocyclyl ring.
  • Enantiomers refer to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another. Where the compounds disclosed herein possess two or more asymmetric centers, they may additionally exist as diastereomers. Enantiomers and diastereomers fall within the broader class of stereoisomers. All such possible stereoisomers as substantially pure resolved enantiomers, racemic mixtures thereof, as well as mixtures of diastereomers are intended to be included. All stereoisomers of the compounds disclosed herein and /or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are intended to be included. Unless specifically mentioned otherwise, reference to one isomer applies to any of the possible isomers. Whenever the isomeric composition is unspecified, all possible isomers are included.
  • the term “substantially pure” as used herein means that the target stereoisomer contains no more than 35%, such as no more than 30%, further such as no more than 25%, even further such as no more than 20%, by weight of any other stereoisomer (s) . In some embodiments, the term “substantially pure” means that the target stereoisomer contains no more than 10%, for example, no more than 5%, such as no more than 1%, by weight of any other stereoisomer (s) .
  • substituents found on cyclohexyl or cyclobutyl ring may adopt cis and trans formations.
  • Cis formation means that both substituents are found on the upper side of the 2 substituent placements on the carbon, while trans would mean that they were on opposing sides.
  • reaction products from one another and /or from starting materials.
  • the desired products of each step or series of steps is separated and /or purified (hereinafter separated) to the desired degree of homogeneity by the techniques common in the art.
  • separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography.
  • Chromatography can involve any number of methods including, for example: reverse-phase and normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scale analytical; simulated moving bed ( "SMB” ) and preparative thin or thick layer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography.
  • SMB simulated moving bed
  • Diastereomers refers to stereoisomers of a compound with two or more chiral centers but which are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by chromatography and /or fractional crystallization.
  • Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher’s acid chloride) , separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereoisomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers.
  • an appropriate optically active compound e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher’s acid chloride
  • Enantiomers can also be separated by use of a chiral HPLC column.
  • a single stereoisomer e.g., a substantially pure enantiomer
  • Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds of the invention can be separated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separation of the diastereomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3) separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directly under chiral conditions. See: Wainer, Irving W., Ed. Drug Stereochemistry: Analytical Methods and Pharmacology. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1993.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds disclosed herein, or separately by reacting the free base function with a suitable organic acid or by reacting the acidic group with a suitable base.
  • the free base can be obtained by basifying a solution of the acid salt.
  • an addition salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, may be produced by dissolving the free base in a suitable organic solvent and treating the solution with an acid, in accordance with conventional procedures for preparing acid addition salts from base compounds.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof include salts of at least one compound of Formula (I) , and salts of the stereoisomers of the compound of Formula (I) , such as salts of enantiomers, and /or salts of diastereomers.
  • administration when applied to an animal, human, experimental subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid, mean contact of an exogenous pharmaceutical, therapeutic, diagnostic agent, or composition to the animal, human, subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid.
  • Treatment of a cell encompasses contact of a reagent to the cell, as well as contact of a reagent to a fluid, where the fluid is in contact with the cell.
  • administration and “treatment” also means in vitro and ex vivo treatments, e.g., of a cell, by a reagent, diagnostic, binding compound, or by another cell.
  • subject herein includes any organism, preferably an animal, more preferably a mammal (e.g., rat, mouse, dog, cat, rabbit) and most preferably a human.
  • an effective amount refers to an amount of the active ingredient, such as compound that, when administered to a subject for treating a disease, or at least one of the clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder, is sufficient to affect such treatment for the disease, disorder, or symptom.
  • the “therapeutically effective amount” can vary with the compound, the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, severity of the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, the age of the subject to be treated, and/or the weight of the subject to be treated. An appropriate amount in any given instance can be apparent to those skilled in the art or can be determined by routine experiments.
  • “therapeutically effective amount” is an amount of at least one compound and /or at least one stereoisomer thereof, and /or at least one pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof disclosed herein effective to “treat” as defined above, a disease or disorder in a subject.
  • the “therapeutically effective amount” refers to the total amount of the combination objects for the effective treatment of a disease, a disorder or a condition.
  • the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound disclosed herein can be administrated via oral, inhalation, rectal, parenteral or topical administration to a subject in need thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be a regular solid formulation such as tablets, powder, granule, capsules and the like, a liquid formulation such as water or oil suspension or other liquid formulation such as syrup, solution, suspension or the like; for parenteral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be solution, water solution, oil suspension concentrate, lyophilized powder or the like.
  • the formulation of the pharmaceutical composition is selected from tablet, coated tablet, capsule, suppository, nasal spray or injection, more preferably tablet or capsule.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be a single unit administration with an accurate dosage.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may further comprise additional active ingredients.
  • compositions disclosed herein can be produced by the conventional methods in the pharmaceutical field.
  • the active ingredient can be mixed with one or more excipients, then to make the desired formulation.
  • the “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to conventional pharmaceutical carriers suitable for the desired pharmaceutical formulation, for example: a diluent, a vehicle such as water, various organic solvents, etc, a filler such as starch, sucrose, etc a binder such as cellulose derivatives, alginates, gelatin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ; a wetting agent such as glycerol; a disintegrating agent such as agar, calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate; an absorption enhancer such as quaternary ammonium compound; a surfactant such as hexadecanol; an absorption carrier such as Kaolin and soap clay; a lubricant such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical composition further comprises other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as a decentralized agent, a stabilizer, a thickener, a complexing agent, a buffering agent, a permeation enhancer, a polymer, aromatics, a sweetener, and a dye.
  • other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as a decentralized agent, a stabilizer, a thickener, a complexing agent, a buffering agent, a permeation enhancer, a polymer, aromatics, a sweetener, and a dye.
  • disease refers to any disease, discomfort, illness, symptoms or indications, and can be interchangeable with the term “disorder” or “condition” .
  • C n-m indicates a range which includes the endpoints, wherein n and m are integers and indicate the number of carbons. Examples include C 1-8 , C 1-6 , and the like.
  • FIG. 1 shows Co-crystal structure of A4a.
  • FIG. 2 shows ABT-199 analog (PDB code: 4MAN) .
  • FIG. 3 shows binding pose comparison of A4a with ABT-199 analog (PDB code: 4MAN) to Bcl2 protein.
  • FIG. 4 shows a. Co-crystal structure of F22 with Bcl-2. b. Co-crystal structure of an ABT-199 analog with Bcl-2 (PDB code: 4MAN) . c. Binding pose alignment between F22 and ABT-199 analog.
  • FIG. 5 shows a. Induced sub-pocket of Bcl-2 by cyclopropyl of F22 in crystal structure. b. No substituent in ABT-199 analog induces a similar sub-pocket at the same position (PDB code: 4MAN) . c. Pocket surface alignment between F22 and ABT-199 analog.
  • FIG. 6 shows a. Water bridge between F22 and Bcl-2 protein. b. No such water bridge can be observed between ABT-199 analog and Bcl-2.
  • FIG. 7 show a. Sulfur- ⁇ interaction between Met115 and 2-cyclopropylphenyl of F22. b. Similar interaction between Met115 and 4-chlorophenyl of ABT-199 analog..
  • reaction flasks were fitted with rubber septa for the introduction of substrates and reagents via syringe; and glassware was oven dried and/or heat dried.
  • 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a Agilent instrument operating at 400 MHz. 1 HNMR spectra were obtained using CDCl 3 , CD 2 Cl 2 , CD 3 OD, D 2 O, d 6 -DMSO, d 6 -acetone or (CD 3 ) 2 CO as solvent and tetramethylsilane (0.00 ppm) or residual solvent (CDCl 3 : 7.25 ppm; CD 3 OD: 3.31 ppm; D 2 O: 4.79 ppm; d 6 -DMSO: 2.50 ppm; d6-acetone: 2.05; (CD 3 ) 2 CO: 2.05) as the reference standard.
  • Preparative HPLC was conducted on a column (150 ⁇ 21.2 mm ID, 5 ⁇ m, Gemini NX-C18) at a different flow rate and injection volume, at room temperature and UV Detection at 214 nm and 254 nm.
  • Step 1 methyl 4-fluoro-2- ( (6-nitropyridin-3-yl) oxy) benzoate
  • Step 2 methyl 2- ( (6-aminopyridin-3-yl) oxy) -4-fluorobenzoate
  • Step 3 methyl 2- ( (6-amino-5-chloropyridin-3-yl) oxy) -4-fluorobenzoate
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 2- (2-bromophenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 2- (2- (prop-1-en-2-yl) phenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • tert-butyl 2- (2- (prop-1-en-2-yl) phenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate was prepared using the similar procedure as tert-butyl 2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate.
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 2- (2-isopropylphenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 2- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 2- (4-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 1 3- (2-chloro-6-fluorobenzoyl) -1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one
  • the product (1 g, TFA salt) was freed by Amberlyst A-21 ion exchange resin in MeOH (60 mL) , filtered and concentrated to give the product.
  • the product was neutralized with sat. Na 2 CO 3 (5mL) , extracted with DCM (80 mL) , dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the product (640 mg) as a yellow oil.
  • Step 1 tert-butyl (4-oxo-4- (2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) butyl) carbamate
  • Step 2 4-amino-1- (2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) butan-1-one
  • Step 2 N- (2, 4-dimethoxybenzyl) -2, 2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-phenylbutanamide
  • Step 3 1- (2, 4-dimethoxybenzyl) -3, 3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1, 3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one
  • Step 4 3, 3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1, 3-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one
  • Step 1 tert-butyl (4-oxo-4-phenylbutyl) carbamate
  • Step 4 1- (4-bromophenyl) -2-methyl-2-phenylpyrrolidine
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 3- ( (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl) azetidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 1- (azetidin-3-ylmethyl) -2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidine
  • Step 1 1- (2- (2-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-one
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) phenyl) -3, 6-dihydropyridine-1 (2H) -carboxylate
  • Step 3 2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1- (2- (2- (1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl) phenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) ethan-1-one
  • Step 4 2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1- (2- (2- (1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl) phenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) ethan-1-one
  • Step 5 1-methyl-4- (2- (pyrrolidin-2-yl) phenyl) -1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 2- (2-bromophenyl) -4-fluoropyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -4-fluoropyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 1 tert-butyl (4- (3-chloro-2- (dimethylamino) phenyl) -4-oxobutyl) carbamate
  • Step 2 4-amino-1- (3-chloro-2- (dimethylamino) phenyl) butan-1-one
  • Step 1 N- (4-bromophenyl) -1- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-imine
  • Step 2 4-bromo-N- (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -1, 1, 1-trifluoropent-4-en-2-yl) aniline
  • Step 3 4- ( (4-bromophenyl) amino) -4- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -5, 5, 5-trifluoropentan-1-ol
  • Step 4 1- (4-bromophenyl) -2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -2- (trifluoromethyl) pyrrolidine
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 2- ( (2-cyclopropylphenyl) (hydroxy) methyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 2- ( ( (1H-imidazole-1-carbonothioyl) oxy) (2-cyclopropylphenyl) methyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 2- (2-cyclopropylbenzyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • tert-butyl 2- (2-cyclopropylbenzyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 600.00 mg, 1.992 mmol
  • MTBE/HCl 10 mL, 4M
  • the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was concentrated and adjusted the pH to 10 with saturated Na 2 CO 3 solution, then stirred for 15 mins, extracted with EA (30mL ⁇ 3) .
  • the organic phase was dried over Na 2 SO 4 and filtered and concentrated to give 2- (2-cyclopropylbenzyl) pyrrolidine (302.00 mg) as a yellow oil.
  • Step 2 1- (2- (azetidin-1-yl) phenyl) -N- (4-bromophenyl) methanimine
  • Step 3 N- (1- (2- (azetidin-1-yl) phenyl) but-3-en-1-yl) -4-bromoaniline
  • Step 4 4- (2- (azetidin-1-yl) phenyl) -4- ( (4-bromophenyl) amino) butan-1-ol
  • Step 5 2- (2- (azetidin-1-yl) phenyl) -1- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidine
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 2- (2- (1, 1-difluoroethyl) phenyl) -1H-pyrrole-1-carboxylate
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 2- (2- (1, 1-difluoroethyl) phenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 4 2- (2- (1, 1-difluoroethyl) phenyl) pyrrolidine
  • Step 4 1- (4-bromophenyl) -2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) piperidine
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 4-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 4 tert-butyl (4- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -2-methyl-4-oxobutyl) carbamate
  • Step 5 4-amino-1- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -3-methylbutan-1-one
  • Step 1 (S) -2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -1- (8, 11-dioxadispiro [3.2.47.24] tridecan-2-yl) pyrrolidine
  • Step 2 (S) -2- (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) spiro [3.5] nonan-7-one
  • Step 3 (S) -2- (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) spiro [3.5] non-6-en-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate
  • Step 4 (S) -2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -1- (7- (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) spiro [3.5] non-6-en-2-yl) pyrrolidine
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 4- (2-formylphenyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 (E) -tert-butyl 4- (2- ( ( (4-bromophenyl) imino) methyl) phenyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- ( (4-bromophenyl) amino) but-3-en-1-yl) phenyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 4 tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- ( (4-bromophenyl) amino) -4-hydroxybutyl) phenyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 5 tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) phenyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -4-oxopyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -4-methylenepyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 4 tert-butyl 6- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -5-azaspiro [2.4] heptane-5-carboxylate
  • Step 1 (R) -1- (2- (2-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanone
  • Step 2 (R) -2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1- (2- (2-vinylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) ethenone
  • Step 3 (R) -2- (1- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) benzaldehyde
  • Step 4 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) benzyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 5 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (pyrrolidin-2-yl) benzyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 6 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) benzyl) piperazine-1- carboxylate
  • Step 7 (R) -1- (2- (1- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) benzyl) piperazine
  • Step 8 (R) -1- (2- (1- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) benzyl) -4-methylpiperazine
  • Step 1 (E) -tert-butyl 4- ( (2-tosylhydrazono) methyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) benzylidene) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 3 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) benzyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 4 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (pyrrolidin-2-yl) benzyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 5 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) benzyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 1 (S) -tert-butyl 2- (2- ( (diphenylmethylene) amino) phenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 (S) -tert-butyl 2- (2-aminophenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 3 (S) -tert-butyl 2- (2- (dimethylamino) phenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 4 (S) -N, N-dimethyl-2- (pyrrolidin-2-yl) aniline
  • Step 1 (S) -tert-butyl 2- (2- (d 6 -dimethylamino) phenyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 (S) -N, N-bis (methyl-d3) -2- (pyrrolidin-2-yl) aniline
  • Step 1 (1- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) methanol
  • Step 2 1- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbaldehyde
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 6- ( (1- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) methyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carboxylate
  • Step 4 2- ( (1- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) methyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 4- (2, 2-dichloro-3-oxocyclobutyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 3 (S) -tert-butyl 4- (3- (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) cyclobutyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 4 (S) -4- (3- (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) cyclobutyl) piperidine
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 4- (2-formylphenoxy) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 (E) -tert-butyl 4- (2- ( ( (4-bromophenyl) imino) methyl) phenoxy) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- ( (4-bromophenyl) amino) but-3-en-1-yl) phenoxy) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 4 tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- ( (4-bromophenyl) amino) -4-hydroxybutyl) phenoxy) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 5 tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) phenoxy) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 6 4- (2- (1- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) phenoxy) piperidine
  • Step 7 4- (2- (1- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) phenoxy) -1-methylpiperidine
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 2- (methoxymethylene) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carboxylate
  • Step 3 (S) -tert-butyl 2- ( (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carboxylate
  • Step 4 (S) -2- ( (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 4- (but-3-en-1-yl) -4- ( (2-cyclopropylphenyl) amino) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 4- ( (2-cyclopropylphenyl) amino) -4- (4-hydroxybutyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • reaction mixture was poured into aq. Na 2 SO 3 (100 mL) and extracted with EA (100 mL ⁇ 3) , dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated. After the residue was purified by prep-MPLC, tert-butyl 4- ( (2-cyclopropylphenyl) amino) -4- (4-hydroxybutyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.2 g) was obtained.
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 1- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -1, 9-diazaspiro [5.5] undecane-9-carboxylate
  • Step 4 1- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -1, 9-diazaspiro [5.5] undecane
  • Step 1 1- (tert-butylsulfonyl) -5- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-3-one
  • Step 2 1- (tert-butylsulfonyl) -5- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -N, N-dimethylpyrrolidin-3-amine
  • Step 3 5- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -N, N-dimethylpyrrolidin-3-amine
  • Step 1 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) phenyl) -5, 6-dihydropyridine-1 (2H) -carboxylate
  • Step 2 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) phenyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 3 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (pyrrolidin-2-yl) phenyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 4 (R) -tert-butyl 4- (2- (1- (4-bromophenyl) pyrrolidin-2-yl) phenyl) piperidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 3- (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) azetidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 1- (azetidin-3-yl) -2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidine
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 6- (methoxymethylene) -2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 6-formyl-2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carboxylate
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 6- ( (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl) -2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carboxylate
  • Step 4 6- ( (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl) -2-azaspiro [3.3] heptane
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -4- (tosyloxy) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -2, 3-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxylate
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 3- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) -2-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane-2-carboxylate
  • Step 1 3- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) hexahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrrol-1 (2H) -one
  • Step 2 1- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) octahydrocyclopenta [c] pyrrole
  • Step 1 2- ( (1- (tert-butylsulfonyl) -5- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl) oxy) -N, N-dimethylacetamide
  • Step 2 2- ( (5- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl) oxy) -N, N-dimethylacetamide
  • Step 3 2- ( (5- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-3-yl) oxy) -N, N-dimethylethanamine
  • Step 2 (S) -tert-butyl 2- (2- (2-ethoxyphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carboxylate
  • Step 3 (S) -2- (2- (2-ethoxyphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane
  • Step 1 tert-butyl 2- (2-tosylhydrazono) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carboxylate
  • Step 2 tert-butyl 2- (2-methoxyphenyl) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carboxylate
  • Step 3 tert-butyl 2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carboxylate
  • Step 4 tert-butyl 2- (2- ( ( (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl) oxy) phenyl) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carboxylate
  • Step 5 tert-butyl 2- (2'-cyclopropyl- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -2-yl) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carboxylate
  • Step 6 2- (2'-cyclopropyl- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -2-yl) -7-azaspiro [3.5] nonane
  • Step 1 methyl 4- ( (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl) benzoate
  • Step 2 (4- ( (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl) phenyl) methanol
  • Step 3 4- ( (2- (2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl) benzaldehyde
  • Step 2 tert-butyl (4- (3-chloro-2-cyclopropylphenyl) -4-oxobutyl) carbamate
  • Step 3 4-amino-1- (3-chloro-2-cyclopropylphenyl) butan-1-one
  • Step 4 2- (3-chloro-2-cyclopropylphenyl) pyrrolidine
  • the racemic product was purified by SFC (Instrument: Thar SFC350 preparative SFC; Column: Chiralpak AD, 250*50mm i. d. 10u; Mobile phase: A for CO2 and B for MeOH (0.1%NH 3 .
  • Step 1 tert-butyl (1- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) azetidin-3-yl) carbamate

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