Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
  • C07D471/16—Peri-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds, compositions comprising at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound, and methods of using the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
• a retrovirus designated human immunodeficiency virus is the etiological agent of the complex disease that includes progressive destruction of the immune system (acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS) and degeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system.
• HIV human immunodeficiency virus
• a common feature of retrovirus replication is the insertion by virally -encoded integrase of +pro viral DNA into the host cell genome, a required step in HIV replication in human T- lymphoid and monocytoid cells.
• Integration is believed to be mediated by integrase in three steps: assembly of a stable nucleoprotein complex with viral DNA sequences; cleavage of two nucleotides from the 3' termini of the linear proviral DNA, and covalent joining of the recessed 3' OH termini of the proviral DNA at a staggered cut made at the host target site.
• the fourth step in the process, repair synthesis of the resultant gap may be accomplished by cellular enzymes.
• Nucleotide sequencing of HIV shows the presence of a pol gene in one open reading frame [Ratner, L. et al, Nature, 313, 277(1985)]. Amino acid sequence homology provides evidence that the pol sequence encodes reverse transcriptase, integrase and an HIV protease [Toh, H. et al, EMBO J. 4, 1267 (1985); Power, M.D. et al, Science, 231, 1567 (1986); Pearl, L.H. et al, Nature, 329, 351 (1987)]. All three enzymes have been shown to be essential for the replication of HIV.
• antiviral compounds which act as inhibitors of HIV replication are effective agents in the treatment of AIDS and similar diseases, including reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as azidothymidine (AZT) and efavirenz and protease inhibitors such as indinavir and nelfmavir.
• reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as azidothymidine (AZT) and efavirenz
• protease inhibitors such as indinavir and nelfmavir.
• the compounds of this invention are inhibitors of HIV integrase and inhibitors of HIV replication.
• the present invention provides Compounds of Formula (I):
• each occurrence of R 1 is independently halo, hydroxyl, Ci-6 alkyl and -0-(Ci-C6 alkyl);
• R 2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 3 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 4 is Ci-6 alkyl or (Ci-6 alkyl)OR 7 ;
• R 5 is hydrogen, Ci-6 alkyl or (Ci-6 alkyl)OR 7 ;
• R 6 is hydrogen, Ci-6 alkyl or (Ci-6 alkyl)OR 7 ;
• R 7 is hydrogen or Ci-6 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with one to three halo;
• n is an integer between one and three.
• Heterocycle Compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof may be useful, for example, for inhibiting HIV viral replication or replicon activity, or for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject. Without being bound by any specific theory, it is believed that the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds inhibit HIV viral replication by inhibiting HIV Integrase.
• the present invention provides methods for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound.
• the present invention includes Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds, compositions comprising at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound, and methods of using the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
• A“subject” is a human or non-human mammal.
• a subject is a human.
• a subject is a primate.
• a subject is a monkey.
• a subject is a chimpanzee.
• a subject is a rhesus monkey.
• an effective amount refers to an amount of Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound and/or an additional therapeutic agent, or a composition thereof that is effective in inhibiting HIV replication and in producing the desired therapeutic, ameliorative, inhibitory or preventative effect when administered to a subject suffering from HIV infection or AIDS.
• an effective amount can refer to each individual agent or to the combination as a whole, wherein the amounts of all agents administered are together effective, but wherein the component agent of the combination may not be present individually in an effective amount.
• treating includes inhibiting the severity of HIV infection or AIDS a disease, i.e., arresting or reducing the development of the HIV infection or AIDS a disease or its clinical symptoms; or relieving the HIV infection or AIDS a disease, i.e., causing regression of the severity of HIV infection or AIDS a disease or its clinical symptoms.
• alkyl refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having one of its hydrogen atoms replaced with a bond.
• An alkyl group may be straight or branched and contain from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, an alkyl group contains from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms. In different embodiments, an alkyl group contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (C1-C6 alkyl) or from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms (C1-C4 alkyl).
• Non- limiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl and neohexyl.
• an alkyl group is linear. In another embodiment, an alkyl group is branched.
• an alkyl group is unsubstituted.
• halo means -F, -Cl, -Br or -I.
• haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more of the alkyl group’s hydrogen atoms has been replaced with a halogen.
• a haloalkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• a haloalkyl group is substituted with from 1 to 3 F atoms.
• Non-limiting examples of haloalkyl groups include -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CI and -CCh.
• C1-C6 haloalkyl refers to a haloalkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• substituted means that one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom’s normal valency under the existing circumstances is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound. Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
• “stable compound’ or“stable structure” is meant a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
• substantially purified form refers to the physical state of a compound after the compound is isolated from a synthetic process (e.g., from a reaction mixture), a natural source, or a combination thereof.
• substantially purified form also refers to the physical state of a compound after the compound is obtained from a purification process or processes described herein or well-known to the skilled artisan (e.g., chromatography, recrystallization and the like), in sufficient purity to be characterizable by standard analytical techniques described herein or well-known to the skilled artisan.
• any carbon as well as heteroatom with unsatisfied valences in the text, schemes, examples and tables herein is assumed to have the sufficient number of hydrogen atom(s) to satisfy the valences.
• a functional group in a compound is termed“protected”, this means that the group is in modified form to preclude undesired side reactions at the protected site when the compound is subjected to a reaction.
• Suitable protecting groups will be recognized by those with ordinary skill in the art as well as by reference to standard textbooks such as, for example, T. W. Greene et al, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (1991), Wiley, New York.
• composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
• Prodrugs and solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein.
• a discussion of prodrugs is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems (1987) 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, (1987) Edward B. Roche, ed., American Pharmaceutical Association and
• prodrug means a compound (e.g., a drug precursor) that is transformed in vivo to provide a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound.
• the transformation may occur by various mechanisms (e.g., by metabolic or chemical processes), such as, for example, through hydrolysis in blood.
• a prodrug can comprise an ester formed by the replacement of the hydrogen atom of the acid group with a group such as, for example, (Ci-C8)alkyl, (C2-Ci2)alkanoyloxy methyl, 1 -(alkanoyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, l-methyl-l-(alkanoyloxy)-ethyl having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms,
• alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms
• l-(alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms
• l-methyl-l-(alkoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms
• N-(alkoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl having from 3 to 9 carbon atoms
• a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of one or more of the hydrogen atoms of the alcohol groups with a group such as, for example, (Ci-C6)alkanoyloxymethyl, l-((Ci- C6)alkanoyloxy)ethyl, l-methyl-l-((Ci-C6)alkanoyloxy)ethyl, (Ci-C6)alkoxycarbonyloxymethyl, N-(Ci-C6)alkoxycarbonylaminomethyl, succinoyl, (Ci-Ce)alkanoyl, a-amino(Ci-C4)alkyl, a- amino(Ci-C4)alkylene-aryl, arylacyl and a-aminoacyl, or a-aminoacyl-a-aminoacyl, where each a-aminoacyl group is independently selected from the naturally occurring L
• a prodrug can be formed by the replacement of a hydrogen atom in the amine group with a group such as, for example, R-carbonyl-, RO-carbonyl-, NRR’ -carbonyl- wherein R and R’ are each independently (Ci-Cio)alkyl, (C3-C7) cycloalkyl, benzyl, a natural a-aminoacyl,
• Y 1 is H, (Ci-C 6 )alkyl or benzyl, -C(OY 2 )Y 3 wherein Y 2 is (C1-C4) alkyl and Y 3 is (Ci-Ce)alkyl; carboxy (Ci-C6)alkyl; amino(Ci-C4)alkyl or mono-N- or di-N,N- (Ci-C6)alkylaminoalkyl; -C(Y 4 )Y 5 wherein Y 4 is H or methyl and Y 5 is mono-N- or di-N,N-(Ci- C6)alkylamino morpholino; piperidin-l-yl or pyrrolidin-l-yl, and the like.
• esters of the present compounds include the following groups: (1) carboxylic acid esters obtained by esterification of the hydroxy group of a hydroxyl compound, in which the non-carbonyl moiety of the carboxylic acid portion of the ester grouping is selected from straight or branched chain alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl or n-butyl), alkoxyalkyl (e.g., methoxymethyl), aralkyl (e.g., benzyl), aryloxyalkyl (for example, phenoxymethyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl optionally substituted with, for example, halogen, Ci-4alkyl, -0-(Ci-4alkyl) or amino); (2) sulfonate esters, such as alkyl- or aralkylsulfonyl (for example, methanesulf
• One or more compounds of the invention may exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like, and it is intended that the invention embrace both solvated and unsolvated forms.
• “Solvate” means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid. "Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Non- limiting examples of solvates include ethanolates, methanolates, and the like. A “hydrate” is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is water.
• One or more compounds of the invention may optionally be converted to a solvate.
• Preparation of solvates is generally known.
• a typical, non-limiting, process involves dissolving the inventive compound in desired amounts of the desired solvent (organic or water or mixtures thereof) at a higher than room temperature, and cooling the solution at a rate sufficient to form crystals which are then isolated by standard methods.
• Analytical techniques such as, for example IR spectroscopy, show the presence of the solvent (or water) in the crystals as a solvate (or hydrate).
• Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds can form salts which are also within the scope of this invention.
• Reference to a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated.
• salt(s) denotes acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases.
• Compound contains both a basic moiety, such as, but not limited to a pyridine or imidazole, and an acidic moiety, such as, but not limited to a carboxylic acid, zwitterions ("inner salts") may be formed and are included within the term "salt(s)" as used herein.
• the salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e., non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salt.
• the salt is other than a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
• Salts of the Compounds of Formula (I) may be formed, for example, by reacting a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
• Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates, ascorbates, benzoates, benzenesulfonates, bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrates, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, fumarates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, nitrates, oxalates, phosphates, propionates, salicylates, succinates, sulfates, tartarates, thiocyanates, toluenesulfonates (also known as tosylates) and the like.
• Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as dicyclohexylamine, t-butyl amine, choline, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts
• alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts
• salts with organic bases for example, organic amines
• organic bases for example, organic amines
• amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• Basic nitrogen- containing groups may be quartemized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (e.g., methyl, ethyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dialkyl sulfates (e.g., dimethyl, diethyl, and dibutyl sulfates), long chain halides (e.g., decyl, lauryl, and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), arylalkyl halides (e.g., benzyl and phenethyl bromides), and others.
• lower alkyl halides e.g., methyl, ethyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides
• dialkyl sulfates e.g., dimethyl, diethyl, and dibutyl sulfates
• long chain halides e.g., decyl, lau
• Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well-known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization.
• Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher’s acid chloride), separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers.
• Sterochemically pure compounds may also be prepared by using chiral starting materials or by employing salt resolution techniques.
• some of the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds may be atropisomers (e.g., substituted biaryls) and are considered as part of this invention.
• Enantiomers can also be directly separated using chiral chromatographic techniques.
• Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds may exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the invention.
• all keto-enol and imine-enamine forms of the compounds are included in the invention.
• Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers.
• the chiral centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations.
• the use of the terms "salt”, “solvate”,“ester”, “prodrug” and the like, is intended to apply equally to the salt, solvate, ester and prodrug of enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotamers, tautomers, racemates or prodrugs of the inventive compounds.
• the atoms may exhibit their natural isotopic abundances, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature.
• the present invention is meant to include all suitable isotopic variations of the compounds of generic Formula I.
• different isotopic forms of hydrogen (H) include protium ('H) and deuterium ( 2 H).
• Protium is the predominant hydrogen isotope found in nature. Enriching for deuterium may provide certain therapeutic advantages, such as increasing in vivo half-life or reducing dosage requirements, or may provide a compound useful as a standard for characterization of biological samples.
• Isotopically-enriched Compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared without undue experimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and/or intermediates.
• a Compound of Formula (I) has one or more of its hydrogen atoms replaced with deuterium.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds may be useful in human and veterinary medicine for treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds can be inhibitors of HIV viral replication.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds are inhibitors of HIV- 1. Accordingly, the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds may be useful for treating HIV infections and AIDS.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds can be administered to a subject in need of treatment or prevention of HIV infection.
• the invention provides methods for treating HIV infection in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention provides methods for treating AIDS in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the present invention provides Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds of Formula (I):
• each occurrence of R 1 is independently halo, hydroxyl, Ci-6 alkyl and -0-(Ci-C6 alkyl);
• R 2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 3 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 4 is Ci-6 alkyl or (Ci-6 alkyl)OR 7 ;
• R 5 is hydrogen, Ci-6 alkyl or (Ci-6 alkyl)OR 7 ;
• R 6 is hydrogen, Ci-6 alkyl or (Ci-6 alkyl)OR 7 ;
• R 7 is hydrogen or Ci-6 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with one to three halo;
• n is an integer between one and three.
• R 1 is halo. In a class of the embodiment, R 1 is fluoro. In a class of the embodiment, R 1 is chloro.
• R 2 is hydrogen or methyl. In a class of the invention, R 2 is hydrogen. In another class of the invention, R 2 is methyl.
• R 3 is hydrogen or methyl. In a class of the invention, R 3 is hydrogen. In another class of the invention, R 3 is methyl.
• R 4 is methyl, ethyl, CH2OCH3, CH2CH2OCH3 or CH2CH2OCHF2.
• R 4 is methyl or ethyl.
• R 4 is methyl.
• R 4 is ethyl.
• R 4 is CH2OCH3.
• R 4 is CH2CH2OCH3.
• R 4 is CH2CH2OCHF2.
• R 5 is Ci-6 alkyl. In another embodiment of the invention, R 5 is hydrogen or methyl. In a class of the invention, R 5 is methyl. In another class of the invention, R 5 is hydrogen. In an embodiment of the invention, R 6 is Ci-6 alkyl. In a class of the invention, R 6 is methyl or ethyl. In another class of the invention, R 6 is methyl. In another class of the invention, R 6 is ethyl. In another embodiment of the invention, R 6 is hydrogen.
• n is one. In another embodiment of the invention, n is two. In another embodiment of the invention, n is three.
• the Compounds of Formula (I) are in substantially purified form.
• composition comprising an effective amount of a Compound of Formula (I), and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• composition of (b), wherein the HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors and HIV NNRTI inhibitors.
• a pharmaceutical combination that is (i) a Compound of Formula (I) and (ii) a second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of HIV antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and anti-infective agents; wherein the Compound of Formula (I) and the second therapeutic agent are each employed in an amount that renders the combination effective for inhibiting HIV replication, or for treating HIV infection and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection.
• HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors and HIV NNRTI inhibitors.
• a method of treating HIV infection and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection in a subject in need thereof which comprises
• (j) A method of inhibiting HIV replication in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of (a), (b) or (c) or the combination of (d) or (e).
• composition comprising an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a Compound of Formula (I), and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• composition of (1) further comprising a second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of HIV antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and anti-infective agents.
• composition of (m), wherein the HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors and HIV NNRTI inhibitors.
• a pharmaceutical combination that is (i) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a Compound of Formula (I) and (ii) a second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of HIV antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and anti -infective agents; wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the Compound of Formula (I) and the second therapeutic agent are each employed in an amount that renders the combination effective for inhibiting HIV replication, or for treating HIV infection and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection.
• HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors and HIV NNRTI inhibitors.
• a method of treating HIV infection and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a Compound of Formula (I).
• HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors and HIV NS5B polymerase inhibitors.
• a method of inhibiting HIV replication in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of (1), (m) or (n) or the combination of (o) or (p).
• composition comprising an effective amount of a Compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• (y) The pharmaceutical composition of (x), wherein the HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors and HIV NNRTI inhibitors.
• a pharmaceutical combination that is (i) a Compound of Formula (I) and (ii) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of HIV antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and anti-infective agents; wherein the Compound of Formula (I) and the second therapeutic agent are each employed in an amount that renders the combination effective for inhibiting HIV replication, or for treating HIV infection and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection.
• (aa) The combination of (z), wherein the HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors and HIV NNRTI inhibitors.
• (bb) A method of inhibiting HIV replication in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a Compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• HIV antiviral agent is an antiviral selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors and HIV NNRTI inhibitors.
• (ft) A method of inhibiting HIV replication in a subject in need thereof which comprises administering to the subject the pharmaceutical composition of (w) (x) or (y) or the combination of (z) or (aa).
• the present invention also includes a compound of the present invention for use (i) in, (ii) as a medicament for, or (iii) in the preparation of a medicament for: (a) medicine; (b) inhibiting HIV replication or (c) treating HIV infection and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection.
• the compounds of the present invention can optionally be employed in combination with one or more second therapeutic agents selected from HIV antiviral agents, anti-infective agents, and immunomodulators.
• Additional embodiments of the invention include the pharmaceutical compositions, combinations and methods set forth in (a)-(gg) above and the uses set forth in the preceding paragraph, wherein the compound of the present invention employed therein is a compound of one of the embodiments, aspects, classes, sub-classes, or features of the compounds described above. In all of these embodiments, the compound may optionally be used in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate as appropriate. It is further to be understood that the embodiments of compositions and methods provided as (a) through (gg) above are understood to include all embodiments of the compounds, including such embodiments as result from combinations of embodiments.
• Non-limiting examples of the Compounds of Formula (I) include compounds 1- 80 as set forth in the Examples below, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the Compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared from known or readily prepared starting materials, following methods known to one skilled in the art of organic synthesis.
• reactions sensitive to moisture or air were performed under nitrogen or argon using anhydrous solvents and reagents.
• the progress of reactions was determined by either analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) usually performed with E. Merck pre-coated TLC plates, silica gel 60F-254, layer thickness 0.25 mm or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS).
• TLC analytical thin layer chromatography
• LC/MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
• the analytical LC-MS system used consisted of a Waters ZQ TM platform with electrospray ionization in positive ion detection mode with an Agilent 1100 series HPLC with autosampler.
• the column was commonly a Waters Xterra MS Cl 8, 3.0 c 50 mm, 5 mna or a Waters Acquity UPLC ® BEH C18 1.0 c 50 mm, 1.7 «m.
• the flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the injection volume was 10 m ⁇ ,.
• UV detection was in the range 210-400 nm.
• the mobile phase consisted of solvent A (water plus 0.05% TFA) and solvent B (MeCN plus 0.05% TFA) with a gradient of 100% solvent A for 0.7 min changing to 100% solvent B over 3.75 min, maintained for 1.1 min, then reverting to 100% solvent A over 0.2 min.
• the column was commonly a Waters Acquity UPLC ® BEH Cl 8 1.0 x 50 mm, 1.7 «m. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min, and the injection volume was 0.5 piL. UV detection was 215 or 254 nm.
• Preparative HPLC purifications were usually performed using either a mass spectrometry directed system or a non-mass guided system. Usually they were performed on a Waters
• Chromatography Workstation configured with LC-MS System consisting of: Waters ZQ TM single quad MS system with Electrospray Ionization, Waters 2525 Gradient Pump, Waters 2767 Injecto
• An alternate preparative HPLC system used was a Gilson Workstation consisting of: Gilson GX-281 Injector/Collector, Gilson UV/VIS-155 Detector, Gilson 322, 333, and 334 Pumps, and a Phenomenex Gemini-NX C-18 5 micron, 50 mm (id) x 250 mm column, a Waters XBridgeTM C-l 8 5 micron OBDTM, 30 mm (id) x 250 mm column, or a Waters SUNFIRETM C-18 OBDTM 10 micron, 30 mm (id) x 150 mm column.
• the mobile phases consisted of mixtures of acetonitrile (0-90%) in water containing 0.1% or 0.05% TFA.
• Flow rates were maintained at 50 mL/min for the Waters XbridgeTM column, 90 mL/min for the Phenomenex Gemini column, and 30 mL/min for the Waters SUNFIRETM column.
• the injection volume ranged from 1000-8000 pL, and the UV detection range was 210-400 nm.
• Mobile phase gradients were optimized for the individual compounds. Reactions performed using microwave irradiation were normally carried out using an Emrys Optimizer manufactured by Personal Chemistry, or an Initiator manufactured by Biotage. Reactions performed using photon irradiation were normally carried out using either a second generation Merck photoreactor or a Kessil 34 W blue LED lamp.
• CHIRALCEL ® IA, or CHIRALCEL ® OJ columns 250x4.6 mm) (Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.) with noted percentage of ethanol in hexane (%EtOH/Hex), isopropanol in heptane (%IP A/Hep), ethanol in carbon dioxide (% EtOH/CCh), or isopropanol in carbon dioxide (%IPA/CCh) as isocratic solvent systems.
• CHIRALPAK AS Chiral preparative chromatography was conducted on one of CHIRALPAK AS, of CHIRALPAK AD, CHIRALCEL ® OD, CHIRALCEL ® IA, CHIRALCEL ® OJ columns (20x250 mm) (Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.) with desired isocratic solvent systems identified on chiral analytical chromatography or by supercritical fluid (SFC) conditions.
• SFC supercritical fluid
• Step C Synthesis of Compound IntSc A vial equipped with a magnetic stirring bar (vial A) was charged with Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbpy)PF6 (8.16 mg, 7.27 pmol), compound Int-3b (200 mg, 0.727 mmol), sodium carbonate (154 mg, 1.454 mmol), and tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (542 mg, 2.181 mmol).
• vial B a separate vial (vial B) was sequentially charged with nickel(II) chloride ethylene glycol dimethyl ether complex (37 mg, 0.168 mmol), 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (45 mg, 0.168 mmol), and 16 mL of MeCN, and the mixture was sonicated until homogeneous (-15 minutes). 7.3 mL of this stock solution in vial B was added to vial A containing the other reaction components. The reaction mixture was degassed via sparging with nitrogen for 10 minutes. Compound Int-2e (500 mg, 2.181 mmol) was added before the vial was sealed with parafilm.
• nickel(II) chloride ethylene glycol dimethyl ether complex 37 mg, 0.168 mmol
• 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine 45 mg, 0.168 mmol
• MeCN MeCN
• Isomer C of compound Int-3g was further purified by preparative SFC (DAICEL CHIRALCEL OJ-H, 5 pm, 30 c 250 mm column, 60 mL / min, 30% (EtOH + 0.1 % NH3H2O) / CO2) to afford Isomer C of compound Int-3g.
• Isomer D of compound Int-3g was further purified by preparative SFC (DAICEL CHIRALCEL OJ-H, 5 pm, 30 c 250 mm column, 60 mL / min, 30% (EtOH + 0.1 % NH3H2O) / CO2) to afford Isomer D of compound Int-3g.
• LCMS anal calcd. for
• Step B Synthesis of Compound Int-4b
• 3-bromo-2-methylprop-l-ene 1.507 g, 11.16 mmol
• sodium iodide 1.673 g, 11.16 mmol
• indium 1.281 g, 11.16 mmol
• Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (61 mg, 0.053 mmol).
• N.N- diisopropylethylamine (184 pl, 1.052 mmol)
• 2,4-difluorobenzylamine 75 mg, 0.526 mmol
• the reaction mixture was degassed and placed under a carbon monoxide atmosphere.
• Step B Synthesis of Compound IntSb A 100 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar was charged with compound Int-5a (406 mg, 1.536 mmol). THF (15.4 mL) and /V-bromosuccinimide (547 mg, 3.07 mmol) were added and the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature. After 15 minutes, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford compound Int-5b, which was used in Step C of example 5 without further purification. LCMS anal calcd. for Ci4Hi8Br2N203: 421.97; Found: 423.07 (M+l) + .
• CHIRALPAK AD 10 pm, 30 x 250 mm column, 60 mL / min, 40% (EtOH + 0.1 % NH3H2O) / CO2) to afford Isomer A of compound Int-7i (I st eluting component), Isomer B of compound Int-7i (2 nd eluting component), Isomer C of compound Int-7i (3 rd eluting component), and Isomer D of compound Int-7i (4 th eluting component).
• LCMS anal calcd. for C24H27F2N3O6: 491.2; Found: 492.2 (M+l) + .
• reaction was cooled to room temperature, filtered, and purified by reverse-phase HPLC (Sunfire Prep Cl 8 OBD, 10 pm, 50 x 250 mm column) eluting with 5-85% (MeCN / H2O) + 0.1% TFA to afford a pale yellow foam / solid.
• p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate 604.8 mg, 3.18 mmol was added to a stirred solution of compound Int-14e (391.2 mg, 0.977 mmol) in MeOH (10.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours before additional p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (315.8 mg, 1.66 mmol) was added. After an additional 17 hours, additional p- toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (213.8 mg, 1.12 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture.
• reaction mixture was concentrated to ⁇ 4 mL under reduced pressure before being purified by reverse phase chromatography (50 g Cl 8 RediSepTM gold column) eluting with 0-60% (ACN / water) + 0.05% TFA. Clean product fractions were combined, frozen, and lyophilized. Product fractions that were significantly contaminated with tosic acid were combined and extracted with EtOAc (3 c 50 mL). Two spatulas of NaCl were added to the aqueous layer, which was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL) and DCM (50 mL).
• Step G Synthesis of Compound Int-14s ter/-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride (475.0 mg, 3.15 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound Int-14f (371.6 mg, 1.326 mmol), imidazole (381.1 mg, 5.60 mmol), and DMAP (28.0 mg, 0.229 mmol) in DMF (6.6 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours before being partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) and water (40 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (2 c 40 mL) and brine (1 x 20 mL), dried over MgSCri. filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• Step J Synthesis of Compound Int-14i
• Compound Int-14i (300.8 mg, 0.638 mmol) and HC1 1.25 M in MeOH (6.5 mL, 8.13 mmol) were combined and heated to 40°C with stirring. After 3 days, it was discovered that the cap had blown off and all of the solvent had evaporated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column (24 g) chromatography eluting with 0-10% MeOH / DCM to afford compound Int-14j.
• LCMS anal calcd. for CwHnBr ⁇ Cri: 356.04, 358.04; Found: 357.16, 359.16 (M+l) + .
• dichloromethane complex (35.2 mg, 0.043 mmol) were added to a stirred solution of compound Int-14j (80.3 mg, 0.225 mmol) in DMSO (2.3 mL).
• the reaction mixture was degassed (3x) and placed under nitrogen before being degassed and placed under a carbon monoxide balloon.
• the reaction mixture was stirred at l00°C for 16.5 hours.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with MeOH, and filtered (0.45 pm syringe filter) before being purified by reverse phase chromatography (50 g C18 RediSepTM gold column) eluting with 0-100% (ACN / Water) + 0.05% TFA.
• Step B Synthesis of Compound Int-15b
• a solution of compound Int-15a (8.4g, 16.29 mmol) in DCM (85 mL) was added TFA (8.5 mL) at 0°C.
• the reaction mixture was stirred at 20°C for 2 hours before being quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCCb (50 mL) and diluted with water (50 mL).
• the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (100 mL) and combined organic layers were dried over Na 2 S04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
• the crude product was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (120 g column) eluting with 0-50% EtOAc / petroleum ether to afford compound Int-15b.
• LCMS anal calcd. for C20H33NO5S1: 395.2; Found: 396.5 (M+l) + .
• Ci9H3oN 2 04Si 378.2; Found: 379.0 (M+l) + .
• This material was further purified by chiral preparative SFC (DAICEL CHIRALPAK AS-H, 5 pm, 30 c 250 mm column, 60 mL / min, 40 % (EtOH + 0.1 % NH3H2O) / CO2, 220 nm) to afford a mixture of Isomer A and Isomer B of compound Int-15g (I st eluting component), Isomer C of compound Int-15g (2 nd eluting component), and Isomer D of compound Int-15g (3 rd eluting component).
• DFC chiral preparative SFC
• the mixture of Isomer A and Isomer B of compound Int-15g was further purified by preparative chiral SFC (DAICEL CHIRALPAK IC, 10 pm, 30 250 mm column, 50 mL / min, 50 % (EtOH + 0.1 % NH3H2O) / CO2, 220 nm) to afford Isomer A of compound Int-15g (I st eluting component) and Isomer B of compound Int-15g (2 nd eluting component).
• Isomer A of compound Int-15g was further purified by chiral preparative SFC (DAICEL CHIRALPAK AD, 10 pm, 30 c 250 mm,
• Step A Synthesis of Compound Int-19a TBDPSC1 (9.0 mL, 35.0 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred hazy solution of 2- methylenepropane-l,3-diol (3 g, 34.1 mmol) and imidazole (4.70 g, 69.0 mmol) in DCM (340 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The following morning, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure ( ⁇ 80 mL) before being filtered through a pad of celite, rinsing over with additional DCM / MeOH. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by silica gel column (220 g)
• Triphenylphosphine (3.87 g, 14.75 mmol) and carbon tetrabromide (5.12 g, 15.44 mmol) were added to a stirred solution of Int-19a (3.8542 g, 11.80 mmol) in DCM (118.0 mL).
• the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours before being concentrated under reduced pressure to 15-20 mL.
• the concentrated reaction mixture was purified by silica gel column (120 g) chromatography eluting with 0-10% DCM / hexanes to afford compound Int- 19b.
• Step B Synthesis of Compound Int-20b
• DCM dimethyl methacrylate
• /V,/V-diisopropylethylamine 1.2 mL, 6.87 mmol
• MOMC1 0.52 mL, 6.85 mmol
• DMAP 37.2 mg, 0.304 mmol
• Step E Synthesis of Compound Int-20e 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid hydrate (281.3 mg, 1.479 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound Int-20d (502.8 mg, 1.089 mmol) in MeOH (11.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. Sodium bicarbonate (123.9 mg, 1.475 mmol) and triethylamine (0.21 mL, 1.507 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture, which was placed in the freezer over the weekend.
• NIS 237.5 mg, 1.056 mmol
• m-CPBA 217.1 mg, 0.969 mmol
• the reaction mixture was heated to 70°C for 2 hours before being cooled to room temperature and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the resulting solid was purified by silica gel column (24 g)
• Step K Synthesis of Compound 57, Compound 58, Compound 59, and Compound 60
• Step C Step C Step ] Step E
• Step J Synthesis of Compound 65, Compound 66, Compound 67, Compound 68, Compound 69, Compound 70, Compound 71, and Compound 72
• Step B Synthesis of Compound Int-24b
• DCM dimethylethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (3161 mg, 11.96 mmol) drop wise.
• the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 1 hour before being quenched with water (20 mL).
• the separated aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (2 c 20 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried over Na 2 S04, filtered, and concentrated to dryness.
• the mixture of Isomer A and Isomer B of compound Int-24h was further purified by preparative SFC (Phenomenex-Cellulose-2, 10 pm, 30 c 250 mm column, 80 mL / min, 50% (EtOH + 0.1 % NH3H2O) / CO2) to afford Isomer A of compound Int-24h (I st eluting component) and Isomer B of compound Int-24h (2 nd eluting component).
• the mixture of Isomer C, Isomer D, Isomer E, Isomer f, Isomer G, and Isomer H of compound Int-24h was further purified by preparative SFC (Phenomenex-Cellulose-2, 5 pm, 30 c 250 mm column, 50 mL / min, 40% (EtOH + 0.1 % NH3H2O) / CO2) to afford a mixture of Isomer C, Isomer D, and Isomer E of compound Int-24h (I st eluting component), Isomer F of compound Int-24h (2 nd eluting component), Isomer G of compound Int-24h (3 rd eluting component), and Isomer H of compound Int-24h (4 th eluting component).
• the mixture of Isomer C, Isomer D, and Isomer E of compound Int-24h was further purified by preparative SFC (YMC CHIRAL Amylose-C, 10 pm, 30 c 250 mm column, 70 mL / min, 55% (EtOH + 0.1 % NH3H2O) / CO2) to afford Isomer C of compound Int-24h (I st eluting component), Isomer D of compound Int- 24h (2 nd eluting component), and Isomer E of compound Int-24h (3 rd eluting component).
• MT4-gag-GFP clone D3 (hereafter designated MT4-GFP), which are MT-4 cells modified to harbor a GFP reporter gene, the expression of which is dependent on the HIV-l expressed proteins tat and rev.
• Productive infection of an MT4-GFP cell with HIV-l results in GFP expression approximately 24 h post-infection.
• MT4-GFP cells were maintained at 37°C/5% CCh/90% relative humidity in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin, and 400pg/ml G418 to maintain the reporter gene.
• MT4-GFP cells were placed in the same medium lacking G418 and infected overnight with HIV-l (H9/IIIB strain) virus at an approximate multiplicity of infection of 0.01 in the same incubation conditions. Cells were then washed and re-suspended in either RPMI 1640 at 2 x 10 5 cells/mL (0% NHS condition) or 100% normal human serum (NHS) at 2 x 10 5 cells/mL (100% NHS condition).
• Compound plates were prepared by dispensing compounds dissolved in DMSO into wells of 384 well poly-D-lysine-coated plates (0.2 pl/well) using an ECHO acoustic dispenser. Each compound was tested in a 10-point serial 3-fold dilution (typical final concentrations: 1050 nM-0.05 nM for 0% NHS condition or 42 mM-2.13 nM for 100% NHS condition). Controls included no inhibitor (DMSO only) and a combination of three antiviral agents (efavirenz, indinavir, an in-house integrase strand transfer inhibitor at final concentrations of 4 mM each). Cells were added (50pL/well) to compound plates and the infected cells were maintained at 37°C/5% CCh/90% relative humidity.
• Infected cells were quantified at two time points, ⁇ 48h and- 72h post-infection, by counting the number of green cells in each well using an Acumen eX3 scanner. The increase in the number of green cells over ⁇ 24h period gives the reproductive ratio, R0, which is typically 5- 15 and has been shown experimentally to be in logarithmic phase (data not shown). Inhibition of R0 is calculated for each well, and IC50S determined by non-linear 4-parameter curve fitting. Assay IC50 results are shown in the table below.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds may be useful in the inhibition of HIV, the inhibition of HIV integrase, the treatment of HIV infection and/or reduction of the likelihood or severity of symptoms of HIV infection and the inhibition of HIV viral replication and/or HIV viral production in a cell-based system.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds may be useful in treating infection by HIV after suspected past exposure to HIV by such means as blood transfusion, exchange of body fluids, bites, accidental needle stick, or exposure to subject blood during surgery or other medical procedures.
• the invention provides methods for treating HIV infection in a subject, the methods comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof.
• the amount administered is effective to treat or prevent infection by HIV in the subject.
• the amount administered is effective to inhibit HIV viral replication and/or viral production in the subject.
• the HIV infection has progressed to AIDS.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds are also useful in the preparation and execution of screening assays for antiviral compounds.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds may be useful for identifying resistant HIV cell lines harboring mutations, which are excellent screening tools for more powerful antiviral compounds.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds may be useful in establishing or determining the binding site of other antivirals to the HIV Integrase.
• compositions and combinations of the present invention may be useful for treating a subject suffering from infection related to any HIV genotype.
• the present methods for treating or preventing HIV infection can further comprise the administration of one or more additional therapeutic agents which are not Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds.
• the additional therapeutic agent is an antiviral agent.
• the additional therapeutic agent is an immunomodulatory agent, such as an immunosuppressive agent.
• the present invention provides methods for treating a viral infection in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject: (i) at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound (which may include two or more different Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, and (ii) at least one additional therapeutic agent that is other than a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound, wherein the amounts administered are together effective to treat or prevent a viral infection.
• therapeutic agents in the combination may be administered in any order such as, for example, sequentially, concurrently, together, simultaneously and the like.
• the amounts of the various actives in such combination therapy may be different amounts (different dosage amounts) or same amounts (same dosage amounts).
• a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound and an additional therapeutic agent may be present in fixed amounts (dosage amounts) in a single dosage unit (e.g., a capsule, a tablet and the like).
• At least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound is administered during a time when the additional therapeutic agent(s) exert their prophylactic or therapeutic effect, or vice versa.
• At least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) are administered in doses commonly employed when such agents are used as monotherapy for treating a viral infection.
• At least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) are administered in doses lower than the doses commonly employed when such agents are used as monotherapy for treating a viral infection.
• At least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) act synergistically and are administered in doses lower than the doses commonly employed when such agents are used as monotherapy for treating a viral infection.
• At least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) are present in the same composition.
• this composition is suitable for oral administration.
• this composition is suitable for intravenous administration.
• this composition is suitable for subcutaneous administration.
• this composition is suitable for parenteral administration.
• Viral infections and virus-related disorders that may be treated or prevented using the combination therapy methods of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those listed above.
• the viral infection is HIV infection.
• the viral infection is AIDS.
• the at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) can act additively or synergistically.
• a synergistic combination may allow the use of lower dosages of one or more agents and/or less frequent administration of one or more agents of a combination therapy.
• a lower dosage or less frequent administration of one or more agents may lower toxicity of therapy without reducing the efficacy of therapy.
• the administration of at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound and the additional therapeutic agent(s) may inhibit the resistance of a viral infection to these agents.
• the present invention is also directed to use of a compound of Formula I with one or more anti-HIV agents.
• An "anti-HIV agent” is any agent which is directly or indirectly effective in the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase or another enzyme required for HIV replication or infection, the treatment or prophylaxis of HIV infection, and/or the treatment, prophylaxis or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS. It is understood that an anti -HIV agent is effective in treating, preventing, or delaying the onset or progression of HIV infection or AIDS and/or diseases or conditions arising therefrom or associated therewith.
• the compounds of this invention may be effectively administered, whether at periods of pre-exposure and/or post-exposure, in combination with effective amounts of one or more anti- HIV agents selected from HIV antiviral agents, immunomodulators, antiinfectives, or vaccines useful for treating HIV infection or AIDS.
• Suitable HIV antivirals for use in combination with the compounds of the present invention include, for example, those listed in Table A as follows:
• one or more anti-HIV drugs are selected from, lamivudine, abacavir, ritonavir, darunavir, atazanavir, emtricitabine, tenofovir, rilpivirine and lopinavir.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with lamivudine.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination atazanavir.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with darunavir.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with rilpivirine.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with lamivudine and abacavir.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with darunavir.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with emtricitabine and tenofovir.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination atazanavir.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with ritonavir and lopinavir.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with abacavir and lamivudine.
• the compound of formula (I) is used in combination with lopinavir and ritonavir.
• the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising (i) a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof; (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and (iii) one or more additional anti-HIV agents selected from lamivudine, abacavir, ritonavir and lopinavir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein the amounts present of components (i) and (iii) are together effective for the treatment or prophylaxis of infection by HIV or for the treatment, prophylaxis, or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS in the subject in need thereof.
• the present invention provides a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of infection by HIV or for the treatment, prophylaxis, or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS in a subject in need thereof, which comprises administering to the subject (i) a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof and (ii) one or more additional anti-HIV agents selected from lamivudine, abacavir, ritonavir and lopinavir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein the amounts administered of components (i) and (ii) are together effective for the treatment or prophylaxis of infection by HIV or for the treatment, prophylaxis, or delay in the onset or progression of AIDS in the subject in need thereof.
• combinations of the compounds of this invention with anti -HIV agents is not limited to the HIV antivirals listed in Table A, but includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of AIDS.
• the HIV antiviral agents and other agents will typically be employed in these combinations in their conventional dosage ranges and regimens as reported in the art, including, for example, the dosages described in the Physicians' Desk Reference. Thomson PDR, Thomson PDR, 57 th edition (2003), the 58 th edition (2004), the 59 th edition (2005), and the like.
• the dosage ranges for a compound of the invention in these combinations are the same as those set forth above.
• the doses and dosage regimen of the other agents used in the combination therapies of the present invention for the treatment or prevention of HIV infection may be determined by the attending clinician, taking into consideration the approved doses and dosage regimen in the package insert; the age, sex and general health of the subject; and the type and severity of the viral infection or related disease or disorder.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound(s) and the other agent(s) may be administered
• kits comprising the separate dosage forms is therefore advantageous.
• the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds When administered to a subject, the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds may be administered as a component of a composition that comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or vehicle.
• the present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the active ingredients will typically be administered in admixture with suitable carrier materials suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, i.e., oral tablets, capsules (either solid-filled, semi-solid filled or liquid filled), powders for constitution, oral gels, elixirs, dispersible granules, syrups, suspensions, and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
• the active drug component may be combined with any oral non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier, such as lactose, starch, sucrose, cellulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, talc, mannitol, ethyl alcohol (liquid forms) and the like.
• Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories. Powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 0.5 to about 95 percent inventive composition. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules may be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration.
• suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars, com sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol and waxes.
• lubricants there may be mentioned for use in these dosage forms, boric acid, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, and the like.
• Disintegrants include starch, methylcellulose, guar gum, and the like. Sweetening and flavoring agents and preservatives may also be included where appropriate.
• Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions and may include water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection.
• Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration. Also included are solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
• a low melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter is first melted, and the active ingredient is dispersed homogeneously therein as by stirring. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool and thereby solidify.
• compositions of the present invention may be formulated in sustained release form to provide the rate controlled release of any one or more of the components or active ingredients to optimize therapeutic effects, /. e.. antiviral activity and the like.
• Suitable dosage forms for sustained release include layered tablets containing layers of varying disintegration rates or controlled release polymeric matrices impregnated with the active components and shaped in tablet form or capsules containing such impregnated or encapsulated porous polymeric matrices.
• the one or more Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds are administered orally.
• the one or more Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds are administered intravenously.
• a pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound is in unit dosage form.
• the preparation is subdivided into unit doses containing effective amounts of the active components.
• compositions may be prepared according to conventional mixing, granulating or coating methods, respectively, and the present compositions can contain, in one embodiment, from about 0.1% to about 99% of the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound(s) by weight or volume. In various embodiments, the present compositions can contain, in one embodiment, from about 1% to about 70% or from about 5% to about 60% of the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound(s) by weight or volume.
• the compounds of Formula I may be administered orally in a dosage range of 0.001 to 1000 mg/kg of mammal (e.g., human) body weight per day in a single dose or in divided doses.
• mammal e.g., human
• One dosage range is 0.01 to 500 mg/kg body weight per day orally in a single dose or in divided doses.
• Another dosage range is 0.1 to 100 mg/kg body weight per day orally in single or divided doses.
• the compositions may be provided in the form of tablets or capsules containing 1.0 to 500 milligrams of the active ingredient, particularly 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustment of the dosage to the subject to be treated.
• the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular subject may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity of the particular condition, and the host undergoing therapy.
• the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day if desired. In one embodiment, the daily dosage is administered in one portion. In another embodiment, the total daily dosage is administered in two divided doses over a 24 hour period. In another embodiment, the total daily dosage is administered in three divided doses over a 24 hour period. In still another embodiment, the total daily dosage is administered in four divided doses over a 24 hour period.
• the unit dosages of the Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds may be administered at varying frequencies. In one embodiment, a unit dosage of a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound may be administered once daily. In another embodiment, a unit dosage of a Tricyclic
• Heterocycle Compound may be administered twice weekly. In another embodiment, a unit dosage of a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound may be administered once weekly. In still another embodiment, a unit dosage of a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound may be administered once biweekly. In another embodiment, a unit dosage of a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound may be administered once monthly. In yet another embodiment, a unit dosage of a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound may be administered once bimonthly. In another embodiment, a unit dosage of a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound may be administered once every 3 months. In a further embodiment, a unit dosage of a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound may be administered once every 6 months. In another embodiment, a unit dosage of a Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound may be administered once yearly.
• compositions of the invention can further comprise one or more additional therapeutic agents, selected from those listed above herein.
• the present invention provides a kit comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of said compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.
• the present invention provides a kit comprising an amount of at least one Tricyclic Heterocycle Compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug of said compound and an amount of at least one additional therapeutic agent listed above, wherein the amounts of the two or more active ingredients result in a desired therapeutic effect.
• the one or more Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds and the one or more additional therapeutic agents are provided in the same container.
• the one or more Tricyclic Heterocycle Compounds and the one or more additional therapeutic agents are provided in separate containers.

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• Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
• Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
• Quinoline Compounds (AREA)
• Thiazole And Isothizaole Compounds (AREA)
• Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-04-22 EP EP19793407.8A patent/EP3784241A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2019-04-22 WO PCT/US2019/028432 patent/WO2019209667A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2019-04-22 BR BR112020021768-9A patent/BR112020021768A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2019-04-22 AU AU2019260608A patent/AU2019260608A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2019-04-22 JP JP2020559525A patent/JP2021522254A/ja active Pending
  • 2019-04-22 MA MA052367A patent/MA52367A/fr unknown
  • 2019-04-22 CN CN201980028504.5A patent/CN112088005A/zh active Pending
  • 2019-04-22 KR KR1020207033726A patent/KR20210005139A/ko unknown
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  • 2019-04-22 CA CA3101180A patent/CA3101180A1/en active Pending

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