WO2019206193A1 - 一种预制墙板及其连接结构及其施工方法 - Google Patents

一种预制墙板及其连接结构及其施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019206193A1
WO2019206193A1 PCT/CN2019/084137 CN2019084137W WO2019206193A1 WO 2019206193 A1 WO2019206193 A1 WO 2019206193A1 CN 2019084137 W CN2019084137 W CN 2019084137W WO 2019206193 A1 WO2019206193 A1 WO 2019206193A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
prefabricated
wall panel
prefabricated wall
reinforcing
wallboard
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/084137
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李藏柱
Original Assignee
Li Cangzhu
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Publication date
Application filed by Li Cangzhu filed Critical Li Cangzhu
Publication of WO2019206193A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019206193A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
    • E04B1/4157—Longitudinally-externally threaded elements extending from the concrete or masonry, e.g. anchoring bolt with embedded head

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of fabricated buildings, in particular to a prefabricated wall panel and a connecting structure thereof and a construction method thereof.
  • prefabricated components are usually prepared in advance, and then the prefabricated components are assembled and assembled to form a prefabricated building.
  • the prefabricated prefabricated wall panel end surface and the lower end surface respectively extend and connect the reinforcing bars, and the upper layer of the prefabricated wall panel and the next layer of the prefabricated wall panel are aligned, and the opposite connecting steel bars are welded to form a prefabricated wall. body.
  • the Chinese Patent Publication No. CN205369690U discloses a prefabricated building prefabricated wall panel, and a plurality of connecting reinforcing bars are extended on both the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the prefabricated wall panel.
  • the connecting steel bar is inserted into the cold pressing sleeve, the steel bonding glue needs to be poured into the cold pressing sleeve, and the cold pressing sleeve is pressed by a special tool.
  • the gap reserved between the upper prefabricated wallboard and the lower prefabricated wallboard is small and inconvenient to operate.
  • the gap between the upper and lower prefabricated wall panels forms a horizontal through seam, which makes the integrity of the upper and lower prefabricated wall panels poor.
  • the gap between the upper and lower prefabricated wall panels is treated with mortar, and the strength is lower than that of the precast concrete wall concrete, forming a weak point of stress, which affects the overall seismic resistance of the building.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated wall panel and a connecting structure thereof, wherein the upper and lower prefabricated wallboards of the structure have good connection integrity and high seismic resistance.
  • a prefabricated wall panel comprising a wall panel module, the upper and lower end faces of the wall panel module are pre-embedded and connected with reinforcing bars, and the ends of the reinforcing bars extending from the wall panel module are fixedly enlarged and enlarged.
  • the size of the head is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting steel bar;
  • the wall panel module includes a plurality of vertically arranged reinforcing structural columns.
  • a horizontal post-casting belt is arranged between two adjacent prefabricated wallboards, and the connecting steel bars are connected by a sleeve;
  • the sleeve comprises a cylinder body and a shrinkage joint integrally connected to the two ends of the cylinder body, and the cylinder body is provided with a plurality of grouting holes;
  • the adjacent prefabricated wall panels are well connected together, the integrality of the wallboard is improved, and the sleeve connection structure adopts the clamping principle, and the tensile force of the steel joint is converted into the concrete of the cylinder.
  • the pressure, which is transmitted to the cylinder, is more secure, which solves the problem of the integrity of the prior art wallboard connection and the poor earthquake resistance.
  • the reinforcing structural column comprises a vertical reinforcing steel cage
  • the vertical reinforcing steel cage comprises a plurality of vertical reinforcing ribs and a first stirrup hoop hooping the outer circumferences of the plurality of vertical reinforcing ribs.
  • the vertical reinforcing ribs are disposed in a long length, and the two ends protrude from the upper and lower end faces of the wall plate module, and the enlarged ends are disposed at both ends.
  • the wall panel module comprises a plurality of horizontally arranged reinforcing structural beams
  • the reinforcing structural beam comprises a horizontal reinforcing steel cage
  • the horizontal reinforcing steel cage comprises a plurality of horizontal reinforcing ribs and a plurality of horizontal reinforcing ribs Two stirrups.
  • the reinforcing structural beam is disposed at the top or the bottom of the wallboard module; a portion of the second stirrup is buried in the wallboard module, and a portion is exposed to the wallboard module.
  • a plurality of parallel hollow holes are vertically arranged in the middle of the wall panel module.
  • a double-layer prestressed steel bar or a prestressed steel strand is disposed in the wall thickness direction.
  • the side end surface of the wall panel module is pre-embedded with connecting ribs, and a part of the connecting ribs is embedded in the wall panel module, and a part is exposed.
  • the end of the connecting rib exposed wall panel module is provided with an enlarged head.
  • the side end surface of the wall panel module is pre-buried with a U-shaped steel bar, and the open end of the U-shaped steel bar is buried in the wall panel module.
  • a window hole and/or a door opening are reserved on the wall panel module.
  • reinforcing structural beams are arranged at the upper ends of the window holes and/or the door holes, and reinforcing structural columns are arranged on both sides of the window holes and/or the door holes.
  • a steel bar skeleton is disposed in the wall panel module.
  • the surface of the wallboard module is integrally secured with an additional layer structure comprising a decorative layer and/or a thermal insulation layer and/or a fire barrier layer and/or a sound barrier layer.
  • a pre-buried pipeline is disposed in the additional layer structure.
  • the wall panel module is used to mount the connected pre-embedded iron plates and/or pre-embedded angle iron and/or bolt sleeves.
  • a vertical post-casting strip is arranged between two prefabricated panels adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction, and connecting ribs are arranged on the side end faces of the prefabricated wallboard, and sleeve connection is performed to enhance the same wall panel. Integrity.
  • Strengthening the construction of the structural columns and reinforcing structural beams improves the overall mechanical performance of the prefabricated wall panels, making them suitable for higher building height requirements, as well as protecting the sides and top of the doors and windows.
  • the hollow wall of the prefabricated wall panel reduces the self-weight and improves the performance of insulation, sound insulation and heat insulation.
  • the installation of the pre-embedded angle iron and bolt sleeve facilitates installation.
  • the additional layer structure such as heat preservation, decoration, fire prevention and heat insulation is integrated and processed, the quality is controllable, and the later construction process is reduced, the overall construction efficiency of the building is improved, and the construction period is shortened.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a joint structure for prefabricated wall panels that is conveniently attached to other prefabricated components.
  • a prefabricated wallboard connection structure including the prefabricated wall panel, and the prefabricated wall panels adjacent in the horizontal direction are spliced to each other to form a font, a T shape, an L shape or a cross.
  • a vertical post-casting strip is formed at the joint position of the prefabricated wallboard.
  • connecting ribs and the U-shaped reinforcing bars provided on the side end faces of the adjacent two prefabricated wall panels are connected to each other.
  • the vertical post-casting belt is provided with a plurality of vertical long-length reinforcing bars, and a third stirrup ribs which are hooped by a plurality of vertical long-length reinforcing steel bars.
  • adjacent prefabricated wall panels are spliced to each other to form a shape, and steel columns are arranged on the side of the vertical post-casting strip.
  • the side of the steel column is fixed with a stud, and the stud is embedded in the vertical post-casting belt.
  • the prefabricated wallboard comprises the above-mentioned prefabricated wallboards which are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction, and the joints of the prefabricated wallboards form a horizontal post-casting strip; the connecting bars of the two prefabricated wallboards are connected by a sleeve. Two mounting holes are formed on the sleeve to match the outer diameter of the connecting bar.
  • the prefabricated wall panel is provided with a vertical hollow hole, and the concrete poured in the hollow hole is integrally connected with the horizontal post-casting strip.
  • an anti-shearing rib is arranged in a vertical direction in the hollow hole, and one end of the anti-shearing rib extends into the lower prefabricated wall panel, and the other end projects into the upper prefabricated wall panel.
  • a reinforcing beam is disposed above or below the horizontal post-casting belt, and the concrete of the reinforcing beam is poured together with the concrete of the horizontal post-casting belt.
  • prefabricated slabs are arranged on both sides of the horizontal post-casting belt, and the horizontal post-casting belt connects the upper and lower prefabricated wall panels and the prefabricated slabs on the left and right sides into a whole.
  • the width of the horizontal post-casting strip is less than the thickness of the prefabricated wall panel, and the prefabricated floor slab is overlapped on the upper end surface of the prefabricated wall panel.
  • the width of the horizontal post-casting strip is greater than the thickness of the prefabricated wall panel, and the prefabricated floor slab is supported by the support column disposed at the bottom thereof.
  • the end surface of the prefabricated floor slab adjacent to the horizontal rear lamination belt is pre-embedded with the expansion joint ribs, and the expansion joint ribs are connected by the sleeve.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a prefabricated wall panel, which has the advantages of high construction efficiency, reliable connection of upper and lower wall panels, and good integrity.
  • a prefabricated wallboard construction method comprising the following construction steps: S1, installing a lower prefabricated wall panel, and fixing; S2, installing an upper prefabricated wall panel, and using a temporary supporting device Support positioning, so that the horizontal post-casting space is reserved between the upper and lower prefabricated wallboards; S3, the connecting steel bars of the upper and lower prefabricated wallboards are connected by sleeves; S4, the concrete is poured horizontally, the concrete is poured, and the cement slurry flows in. Inside the sleeve.
  • connection of the prefabricated wallboard connecting steel bars is more convenient, no separate grouting operation is required, the construction is efficient, and the connection effect is good; at the same time, the concrete structure between the upper and lower prefabricated wallboards avoids the level of the prior art.
  • the setting of weak structural layers such as mortar layer improves the seismic resistance of the wall.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the prefabricated wallboard is light and high-strength, and is connected by connecting steel bars and sleeve technology, which strengthens the connection of adjacent prefabricated wall panels, has good integrity and good earthquake resistance;
  • the hollow structure saves materials, and improves the thermal insulation performance; the decoration integration reduces the construction process of the entire building, shortens the construction period, and the quality is reliable;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a prefabricated wall panel
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the connecting steel bars in the prefabricated wall panel
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the pre-formed wall panel in which the reinforcing bars are embedded;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure in which the connecting steel bars in the prefabricated wall panel are U-shaped;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure for reinforcing the structural column
  • Figure 6 is a structural schematic view showing the vertical reinforcing ribs
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of a portion A of Figure 5;
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of a portion B of Figure 6;
  • Figure 9 is a partial schematic view showing the U-shaped reinforcing bar on the wall panel module
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a window opening in a prefabricated wall panel
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a door opening in a prefabricated wall panel
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a horizontal reinforcing steel cage in a prefabricated wall panel
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the horizontal reinforcing steel cage placed on top of the prefabricated wall panel
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of the horizontal reinforcing steel cage placed on top of the prefabricated wall panel
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the embedded parts on the prefabricated wall panel
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural view of a prefabricated wall panel pre-embedded bolt sleeve
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing an additional layer structure provided on the surface of the prefabricated wall panel
  • Figure 18 is a plan view of the first layer of the wall
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of two wall panel modules
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view showing the vertical pouring of the two wall panel modules in the middle
  • Figure 21 is a schematic view showing the U-shaped reinforcing bars fixed to the side walls of the two wall panel modules
  • Figure 22 is a schematic view showing the connection of two wall panel modules in an L shape
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view showing the wall panel module in a T-connection
  • Figure 24 is a schematic view showing the wall panel module in a cross-shaped connection
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view showing the connection of a prefabricated wall and an I-beam
  • Figure 26 is a schematic view showing the connection of a prefabricated wall and a steel column
  • Figure 27 is a schematic view showing the formation of a horizontal post-casting strip of two prefabricated walls
  • Figure 29 is a schematic view showing the provision of anti-shearing ribs inside the prefabricated wall panel
  • Figure 30 is a schematic view showing the temporary sealing of the hollow holes of the lower prefabricated wallboard when the horizontal post-casting belt is poured;
  • Figure 31 is a schematic structural view of a prefabricated wall panel and a prefabricated floor panel
  • Figure 32 is a schematic view showing the opening of the prefabricated wall panel and the side of the prefabricated floor panel;
  • Figure 33 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the hollow prefabricated wall panel and the prefabricated floor slab;
  • Figure 34 is a schematic view showing a reinforcing beam disposed under the horizontal post-casting strip when the prefabricated wall panel and the prefabricated floor panel are overlapped;
  • Figure 35 is a schematic view showing a reinforcing beam disposed above the horizontal post-casting strip when the prefabricated wall panel and the prefabricated floor panel are overlapped;
  • Figure 36 is a schematic structural view of the prefabricated wall panel and the prefabricated floor slab
  • Figure 37 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder of a shrink-type reinforcing steel connecting sleeve
  • Figure 38 is a schematic end view of the neck
  • Figure 39 is a schematic view of the fit of the sleeve and the connecting bar
  • Figure 40 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the shrink-type reinforcing bar connecting sleeve and the prefabricated plate;
  • Figure 41 is a schematic structural view of a split type cylinder
  • Figure 42 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the split type cylinder and the prefabricated board
  • Figure 43 is a structural schematic view showing the sleeve connected to two steel bars in a vertical state
  • Figure 44 is a schematic structural view of the outer sleeve member
  • Figure 45 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the outer sleeve and the connecting reinforcing bar
  • Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a prefabricated wall panel is prepared according to the actual situation, and the wall panel module 1 is formed according to the size of the mold.
  • the upper and lower end faces of the wall panel module 1 are pre-embedded and connected with the reinforcing bars 11, and the connecting reinforcing bars 11 extend from the end of the wallboard module 1 to fix the enlarged head 110.
  • the size of the enlarged head 110 is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting reinforcing bars 11, so as to facilitate the subsequent wallboard Module 1 is spliced to form a wall panel.
  • the size of the enlarged head 110 may be the diameter of the enlarged head 110.
  • the connecting bars 11 can be arranged to pass through the wall panel module 1 .
  • the connecting reinforcing bars 11 may be provided in one or two layers in the thickness direction, and are regularly arranged in the wallboard module 1.
  • the connecting reinforcing bars 11 may not be provided in a long length, and the embedded portions in the wallboard module 1 may be straight ribs or curved ribs, or the two connecting wires may be connected in a U shape (see FIG. 4).
  • the wall panel module 1 includes a plurality of vertically disposed reinforcing structural columns 12.
  • the reinforcing structural column 12 includes a vertical reinforcing steel cage 121 including a plurality of vertical reinforcing ribs 122 and a first stirrup 123 that hoops the outer circumferences of the plurality of vertical reinforcing ribs 122.
  • the vertical reinforcing ribs 122 are disposed long, and both ends extend out of the upper and lower end faces of the wallboard module 1, and the expanding heads 110 are disposed at both ends. At this time, the vertical reinforcing ribs 122 can serve as the connecting reinforcing bars 11.
  • a plurality of parallel hollow holes 13 are vertically disposed in the middle of the wall panel module 1 to reduce the weight of the wall panel.
  • a double-layer prestressed steel bar or a prestressed steel strand may be disposed in the wall thickness direction of the wall panel module 1 to enhance the shear resistance of the prefabricated wall panel. It is also possible to use the vertical reinforcing ribs 122 as prefabricated reinforcing bars.
  • the side end surface of the wall panel module 1 is pre-embedded with the connecting ribs 14, and a part of the connecting ribs 14 is embedded in the wall panel module 1, and a part thereof is exposed.
  • the end of the connecting rib 14 exposing the wall panel module 1 is provided with an enlarged head 110. It is convenient to connect two horizontally adjacent prefabricated wall panels in the later stage.
  • the side end face of the wall panel module 1 is pre-buried with a U-shaped reinforcing bar 15 , and the open end of the U-shaped reinforcing bar 15 is buried in the wall panel module 1 Inside.
  • a window hole 211 or a door hole 212 may be reserved on the prefabricated wall panel 21 to facilitate subsequent installation of the door and window at the position.
  • a reinforcing structure column 12 is disposed on both sides of the window hole 211 and the door hole 212.
  • the wall panel module 1 can also be provided with a plurality of reinforcing structural beams 16 in the horizontal direction.
  • the reinforcing structural beams 16 include a horizontal reinforcing steel cage 160, and the horizontal reinforcing steel cage 160 includes a plurality of horizontal reinforcing ribs 161 and more The second stirrup 162 of the outer circumference of the root horizontal reinforcing rib 161.
  • the end of the horizontal reinforcing rib 161 may also be provided as an enlarged head 110 (not shown) and projecting from the side end face of the prefabricated wall panel.
  • the reinforcing structural beam 16 may be disposed at an upper end portion of the door opening 212 or at an upper end portion and a lower end portion of the window hole 211.
  • the reinforcing structural beam 16 is disposed at the top of the wall panel module 1; a portion of the second stirrup 162 is buried in the wall panel module 1, and a portion of the wall panel module 1 is exposed to facilitate the later stage at the top thereof.
  • the scheme can also be designed at the bottom of prefabricated wallboard.
  • the end portion of the prefabricated wall panel 21 may be provided with an embedded member 17, and the embedded member 17 may be a pre-embedded steel plate 171 or a pre-embedded angle iron 172 or a bolt sleeve 173 when the prefabricated wall panel 21 is used.
  • the reinforcing steel plate can be bolted or welded outside the joint position.
  • the surface of the wall panel module 1 is integrally fixed with an additional layer structure 18 to reduce the post-construction process.
  • the additional layer structure 18 includes a decorative layer 181 and/or an insulating layer 182 and/or a fire barrier layer 183 and/or a sound barrier layer 184.
  • a decorative layer 181 is disposed on the outermost surface; the outer surface of the wall may be provided with an insulating layer from the inside to the outside. 182.
  • a sound insulating layer 184 may be provided on the surface.
  • a pre-buried pipeline may also be provided in the additional layer structure 18 for the installation of the later wires and wires.
  • the pre-buried pipeline is directly disposed in the main wall, and the service life of the main wall structure is required to be 70 years, and in general, the pipeline needs to be overhauled in 30 years, and the main wall structure may be damaged during overhaul.
  • the solution pre-embeds the pipeline in the additional layer structure 18. During the overhaul, the additional layer structure 18 does not affect the safety of the main structure of the building even if it is damaged. Moreover, the additional layer structure 18 can also be completely replaced at any time.
  • the prefabricated wall panel 21 can also be provided with a steel skeleton to change the reinforced concrete structure to enhance the integrity and the performance of the force.
  • the reinforcing steel skeleton can be the same as in the prior art.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a joint structure of prefabricated wallboard is composed of prefabricated wallboard splicing in the first embodiment.
  • the first layer wall 2 is constructed in advance on the foundation, and the prefabricated wall panel 21 extends in the horizontal direction, and the adjacent two prefabricated wall panels 21 are spliced in a line.
  • two adjacent prefabricated wall panels 21 are vertically disposed and spliced in an L-shaped manner to form a corner.
  • two prefabricated wall panels 21 and another prefabricated wall panel 21 which are spliced in a straight manner are spliced in a T-shape.
  • the four prefabricated wall panels 21 can be spliced in a cross-type manner, dividing the space into four parts.
  • connection manner of two adjacent prefabricated wall panels 21 will be described as an example.
  • a vertical post-casting belt 22 is formed at a joint position of two adjacent prefabricated wall panels 21, and two opposite connecting ribs 14 are connected by a sleeve 3.
  • the specific structure and connection manner of the sleeve 3 are finally The paragraph is introduced).
  • the two ends of the sleeve 3 respectively define a mounting hole 31 matching the outer diameter of the enlarged head 110.
  • the vertical post-casting belt 22 is provided with a plurality of vertical long reinforcing bars 221, and a third stirrup 222 for hooping the outer circumferences of the plurality of vertical long reinforcing bars 221 .
  • the vertical lengthening steel bars 221 are four, and the sleeves 3 are surrounded.
  • the concrete around the sleeve 3 is subjected to the vertical long reinforcing bars 221 and the third stirrups 222.
  • a more stable reinforcing structure is formed to prevent deformation, thereby reinforcing the connection of two adjacent prefabricated wall panels 21.
  • the long reinforcement does not surround the sleeve 3, it can also function to strengthen the post-casting structure.
  • the vertical through-length reinforcing bars 221 can penetrate into the inside of the U-shaped reinforcing bars 223, and the third stirrups 222 are combined to make
  • the vertical rear ladle 22 forms three mutually intersecting pull-over grids, which greatly enhances the connection effect of two adjacent prefabricated wall panels 21.
  • the vertical length-long reinforcing bar 221 can surround the enlarged head 110 of the connecting rib 14, and after the concrete is solidified, the enlarged head 110 is more difficult to pull. Out, thereby enhancing the connection between the prefabricated wall panels 21.
  • connection of the sleeve 3 and the connection of the vertical long reinforcing bars 221 can be adopted, and details are not described herein again.
  • a steel column 23 may be provided on the side of the vertical post-casting strip 22.
  • the steel column 23 may be an I-beam or a steel pipe or the like.
  • a peg 231 is fixed to the side of the steel column 23, and the peg 231 is embedded in the vertical post-casting strip 22.
  • a peg hole 232 can be formed in the sleeve 3, and the peg 231 passes through the peg hole 232 in the sleeve 3 and is welded to the steel beam. To further strengthen the connection between the prefabricated wall panel 21 and the steel column 23.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • a joint structure of prefabricated wall panels is formed by vertical splicing of prefabricated wall panels 21 in the first embodiment.
  • the prefabricated wall panels 21 adjacent in the vertical direction are spliced to each other, and the joints of the prefabricated wall panels 21 form a horizontal post-casting strip 24; the connecting reinforcing bars 11 of the two prefabricated wall panels 21 are connected by a sleeve 3.
  • Two mounting holes 31 matching the outer diameter of the connecting reinforcing bars 11 are formed on the sleeve 3.
  • the anti-shear rib 25 is disposed in the vertical direction of the hollow hole 13, and one end of the anti-shear rib 25 extends into the lower prefabricated wall panel 21, and the other end projects into the upper prefabricated wall panel 21.
  • the anti-shearing rib 25 enhances the shear resistance of the two prefabricated wall panels 21 in the horizontal direction, so that the two are better combined into a unitary structure.
  • the hollow hole 13 of the lower prefabricated wall panel 21 may be sealed with a material such as a template or rubber before the concrete is poured horizontally, and the sealing position is located in the lower prefabricated wall panel 21 Below the top surface.
  • the upper surface of the concrete may be a certain height exceeding the lower surface of the upper prefabricated wall panel 21, and may be, for example, 100 mmm. This solution not only strengthens the joint of the upper and lower prefabricated wall panels 21, but also retains the hollow structure of the prefabricated wall panel 21.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • the two sides of the horizontal post-casting strip 24 are provided with a prefabricated floor panel 4, and the horizontal post-casting strip 24 is provided with two prefabricated wall panels 21 and two prefabricated floor panels on the left and right sides. Connected as a whole.
  • the width of the horizontal post-casting strip 24 may be greater than the thickness of the prefabricated wall panel 21, and the prefabricated floor panel 4 is supported for positioning by a support post disposed at the bottom thereof.
  • the end surface of the prefabricated floor slab 4 adjacent to the horizontal rear ladle 24 is pre-embedded with a flared connecting rib 41.
  • the expanded joint rib 41 can be identical in structure to the connecting rebar 11 of the prefabricated wall panel 21, and the expanded joint rib 41 is connected by the sleeve 3.
  • the reinforcing member 5 (not shown) may be fixed in advance at the upper end portion of the first layer wall 2, and the prefabricated wall panel 21 for the second layer wall is hoisted above the reinforcing member 5.
  • the reinforcing member 5 may be an I-beam or other supporting members capable of temporarily supporting. When pouring concrete later, the reinforcement 5 can be poured together.
  • the auxiliary post-welding belt 24 may be provided with auxiliary reinforcing steel bars to strengthen the connection to the surrounding members.
  • the auxiliary reinforcing steel bars may adopt a vertical lengthening steel bar 221 and a U-shaped reinforcing steel bar 223 in the vertical rear pouring belt 22, etc. No longer.
  • both the prefabricated floor slab 4 and the prefabricated wall panel 21 may be provided in a hollow structure, and the hollows of the lower prefabricated wall panel 21 and the prefabricated slabs 4 on both sides are sealed before pouring concrete; when pouring, concrete can enter.
  • a small section of the hollow of the prefabricated wall panel 21 and the prefabricated floor slab 4, for example, may be 100 mm, thereby reinforcing the joint.
  • the concrete can enter the horizontal post-casting strip 24 from the gap between the upper prefabricated wall panel 21 and the end surface of the prefabricated floor panel 4.
  • the width of the horizontal post-casting strip 24 may also be smaller than the thickness of the prefabricated wall panel 21, and the prefabricated floor panel 4 is overlapped on the upper end surface of the prefabricated wall panel 21. At this time, the horizontal post-casting strip 24 is located in a relatively closed space. When pouring, the hollow hole 13 of the upper prefabricated wall panel 21 can serve as a grouting passage to realize the pouring of the horizontal post-casting strip 24.
  • a reinforcing beam 6 is disposed below the horizontal post-casting belt 24, and the concrete of the reinforcing beam 6 is poured together with the concrete of the horizontal post-casting belt 24.
  • a reinforcing structural beam 16 is disposed on the top of the lower prefabricated wall panel 21, and a portion of the second stirrup 162 of the reinforcing structural beam 16 exposes the lower prefabricated wall panel 21 and extends into the reinforcing beam 6 portion and the horizontal rear pouring belt 24.
  • the reinforcing beam 6 and the horizontal post-casting strip 24 are better formed in one piece by providing auxiliary reinforcing reinforcing bars in the horizontal backing belt 24.
  • This solution essentially extends the horizontal post-casting strip 24 in the height direction so that the post-cast strip and the reinforcing beam 6 together form a beam structure with a higher cross-section, thereby increasing its ability to withstand the top load.
  • the reinforcing beam 6 can also be placed above the horizontal post-casting strip 24 to facilitate the installation of the formwork.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • a method for constructing a prefabricated wall panel includes the following steps:
  • the first layer of prefabricated wallboard 21 is vertically fixedly supported on the ground, and the two side planes of the first layer of prefabricated wallboard 21 are supported by brackets to improve the stability of the first layer of prefabricated wallboard 21;
  • the first layer of prefabricated wallboard 21 is constructed according to the actual situation, and a vertical rear pouring belt 22 is left between the two adjacent first prefabricated wall panels 21;
  • a first layer of prefabricated floor slab 4 is installed on both sides of the horizontal post-casting strip 24, and the prefabricated slab 4 is lapped on the upper end surface of the prefabricated wall panel 21 or temporarily supported and positioned by the bottom support column;
  • the support frame is made of I-beam; the sleeve 3 is sleeved on the connecting reinforcing bar 11 of the first prefabricated wall panel 21;
  • the sleeve 3 can be a shrink-type reinforcing bar connecting sleeve and an outer protruding card sleeve.
  • the neck-type reinforcing steel connecting sleeve comprises a cylinder body 6 and a constriction 61 integrally connected to the two ends of the cylinder body 6.
  • the cylinder body 6 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed grouting holes 62 for facilitating the inflow of cement slurry.
  • the neck 61 is a round mouth, the inner wall of the neck 61 is conical, and the larger end of the cone faces the inside of the cylinder 6;
  • the connecting structure is composed of a connecting reinforcing bar 11 and a cylindrical body 6.
  • One end of the connecting reinforcing bar 11 is pre-buried and fixedly connected inside the prefabricated plate 7, and the other end is exposed outside the prefabricated plate 7 and integrally connected with an expanding head 110 at an end portion away from the prefabricated plate 7.
  • the radial dimension of the outer wall of the enlarged head 110 is larger than the radial dimension of the outer wall of the connecting rebar 11 and smaller than the radial dimension of the inner wall of the constriction 61, and the enlarged head 110 can protrude from the constriction 61 into the interior of the cylinder 6.
  • the expanding head 110 can be fixed inside the cylindrical body 6, and the connecting reinforcing bars 11 at both ends of the cylindrical body 6 can be restricted from moving away from each other.
  • the cylindrical body 6 is pulled out in the direction of movement, thereby connecting the prefabricated plates 7 at both ends (the schematic diagram of the rectangular block structure connecting the reinforcing bars 11 away from the end of the cylindrical body 6 to the prefabricated plate 7 in FIG. 40), and between the two prefabricated plates 7 is improved. Connection strength.
  • One end of the enlarged head 110 near the connecting reinforcing bar 11 has a truncated cone shape, and one end of the enlarged head 110 near the prefabricated plate 7 is smaller than the other end; for convenience of description, the conical surface of the constricting opening 61 is defined as a transitional conical surface 611, a constricted portion 61 and a cylindrical body. The ends of the 6 are integrally connected by the transitional conical surface 611.
  • the reaction force generated by the transitional conical surface 611 has a radial component force to the expansion head 110, and the expansion head 110 is pressed in the radial direction. Therefore, the transitional conical surface 611
  • the cylinder 6 and the concrete inside can carry a larger load, and the strength of the connection between the connecting bar 11 and the enlarged head 110 and the barrel 6 can be improved.
  • the sleeve does not need a separate grouting operation, but when the concrete is poured, the concrete slurry enters the cylinder 6 to complete the connection of the connecting steel bars 11, which is more convenient to operate and does not require special grouting material. ,save costs.
  • the connection since the solution is transmitted by pressure, the connection is more reliable than the grouting sleeve relies on the bond between the grout and the reinforcing bar.
  • the shape of the constriction 61 may be a circular shape, or may be a plurality of shapes such as a square shape, an elongated shape, and an elliptical shape, and the cross section of the enlarged head 110 is adapted to the shape of the constricted portion 61.
  • the size of the constriction 61 may be larger than the size of the expansion head 110 by 1 to 5 mm, preferably 2 to 3 mm.
  • the cylindrical body 6 has a split structure and can be split into two halves in the axial direction.
  • a connecting plate 63 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the two end portions of the two cylinders 6.
  • the connecting plate 63 is respectively provided with a through hole 631. After the two half cylinders 6 are butt-joined together, the through holes 631 of the connecting plate 63 can be mutually connected.
  • the two connecting plates 63 can be pinned by inserting a pin or a bolt or the like into the two mutually aligned through holes 631 to restrict the two half cylinders 6 from being separated from each other in a direction away from each other.
  • the cylindrical body 6 can be split into two halves. One half of the cylinder 6 is placed on one of the connecting bars 11, and the other half 6 is sleeved on the connecting bar 11, and finally the two cylinders 6 are placed in the axial direction of the connecting bar 11 and close to each other.
  • the direction of sliding causes the through holes 631 on the connecting plate 63 to be aligned with each other, and the two half cylinders 6 are joined together by the insertion of the pin members into the through holes 631.
  • the central portion of the inner wall of the cylinder 6 is fixed with a baffle member 64 that prevents the enlarged head 110 from penetrating the sleeve 2.
  • the baffle element 64 can be an intermediate wafer plate located in the barrel 6. Further, in order to allow the cement slurry to flow freely within the cylinder 6, the baffle member 64 is disposed in a hollow annular shape having an inner diameter smaller than the diameter of the enlarged head 110. Alternatively, the baffle element 64 may also be a rod disposed in the radial direction of the barrel 6.
  • the outer sleeve member includes a cylinder body 6, a latching block 65, and an elastic piece 66. Both ends of the cylinder body 6 are provided with a snap hole for inserting the latching block 65. 651, the barrel 6 is provided with a grouting hole 62. One end of the elastic piece 66 is fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the cylindrical body 6, and the other end of the elastic piece 66 is fixedly connected to one end of the engaging block 65 located outside the cylindrical body 6.
  • the connecting reinforcing bar 11 is fixedly coupled to the enlarged head 110.
  • the radial dimension of the enlarged head 110 is larger than the radial dimension of the connecting reinforcing bar 11, and the enlarged head 110 can be inserted into the inside of the cylindrical body 6 from the port of the cylindrical body 6.
  • the expanding head 110 pushes the engaging block 65 to move away from the central axis of the cylindrical body 6 to elastically deform the elastic piece 66.
  • the elastic piece 66 gradually recovers and deforms into the cylindrical body 6 The reset restricts the expansion head 110 from pulling out the barrel 6.
  • the cement slurry can flow from the two ports of the cylinder 6 and the grouting hole 62 into the inside of the cylinder body 6, and the cement slurry solidifies to form solid concrete, so that the connecting steel bar 11 is fixed in the cylinder body. 6 internal, thereby achieving the connection of the two connecting bars 11.
  • the sleeve can adopt the four sleeve-related invention patents filed by the applicant on April 8, 2018, and the application numbers are 201810306670.4, 201810307419.X, 201810307420.2 and 201810307967.2, respectively.

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Abstract

一种预制墙板及其连接结构及其施工方法，其中预制墙板包括墙板模块（1），墙板模块（1）的上下端面均预埋连接钢筋（11），连接钢筋（11）伸出墙板模块（1）的端部固定扩大头（110），扩大头（110）的尺寸大于连接钢筋（11）的外径。多个预制墙板在水平方向上相邻的预制墙板互相拼接形成一字型、T字型、L型或者十字型，预制墙板的连接位置处形成竖向后浇带（22）。预制墙体施工，预先安装下层预制墙板并固定，然后上层预制墙板并临时支撑定位，使上下层预制墙板之间预留出水平后浇带（24）空间；将上下层预制墙板的连接钢筋（11）用套筒(3)连接；浇筑水平后浇带(24)混凝土，并使水泥浆液流入套筒(3)内。采用以上工艺制得的预制墙板连接整体性好，抗震性高。

Description

一种预制墙板及其连接结构及其施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及装配式建筑领域，具体涉及一种预制墙板及其连接结构及其施工方法。
背景技术
目前，为了提高建筑施工效率，通常预先制备大量成型的预制构件，之后再对预制构件进行拼装搭建，形成装配式建筑。搭建预制墙体时，预先制得的预制墙板上端面和下端面分别延伸设置连接钢筋，上一层预制墙板和下一层预制墙板对齐后，焊接相对的连接钢筋，构筑形成预制墙体。
授权公告号为CN205369690U的中国专利公开了一种装配式建筑预制墙板，预制墙板的上端面和下端面均延伸设置多个连接钢筋。搭建预制墙体时，上下两层预制墙板对齐之后，上下两层预制墙板中相对的两个连接钢筋对接，并且采用冷压套筒连接，使得上下两层预制墙体初步定位。之后，再对上下两层预制墙板之间的间隙灌浆处理，实现上下两层预制墙体的固定。
但是在实际操作过程中，连接钢筋插入冷压套筒中，需要在冷压套筒中灌注钢筋粘结胶，并且采用特制的工具对冷压套筒进行挤压。而上层预制墙板和下层预制墙板之间通常预留的间隙很小，不方便操作。
此外，上下两层预制墙板之间的间隙形成了水平通缝,使得上下层预制墙板之间整体性差。而且上下两层预制墙板之间的间隙用砂浆处理，强度低于预制墙板混凝土的强度，形成了受力薄弱点，影响了建筑的整体性的抗震性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种预制墙板及其连接结构，该结构的上下层预制墙板的连接整体性好，抗震性高。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案得以实现：一种预制墙板，包括墙板模块，墙板模块的上下端面均预埋连接钢筋，连接钢筋伸出墙板模块的端部固定扩大头，扩大头的尺寸大于连接钢筋的外径；墙板模块中包括若干个竖向设置的加强构造柱。相邻两块预制墙板之间设置水平后浇带，连接钢筋用套筒连接；套筒包括筒体和一体连接于筒体两端的缩口，筒体上开设有若干个注浆孔；扩大头伸入套筒内部后，浇筑水平后浇带混凝土，混凝土浆液从注浆孔中流入筒体内，水泥浆凝固后，扩大头被固定在筒体内部，可以限制连接钢筋拔出，从而将两端的预制墙板连接成整体。
通过以上技术方案，将相邻的预制墙板很好地连接在一起，提高了墙板的整体性，而且套筒连接结构采用卡接原理，将钢筋接头的拉力转化为对筒体的混凝土的压力，进而传导至筒体上，连接更加牢固，解决了现有技术墙板连接整体性和抗震性差的问题。
进一步地，加强构造柱包括竖向加强钢筋笼，竖向加强钢筋笼包括多根竖向加强筋和将多根竖向加强筋的外周箍设的第一箍筋。
进一步地，竖向加强筋通长设置，两端伸出墙板模块的上下端面，两端设置有扩大头。
进一步地，墙板模块中包括若干个水平方向设置的加强构造梁，加强构造梁包括水平加强钢筋笼，水平加强钢筋笼包括多根水平加强筋和将多根水平加强筋的外周箍设的第二箍筋。
进一步地，加强构造梁设置于墙板模块的顶部或底部；第二箍筋的一部分埋在墙板模块中，一部分露出墙板模块。
进一步地，墙板模块中间竖向设置有若干平行的空心孔。
进一步地，墙板模块中在墙厚方向设置有双层预应力钢筋或预应力钢绞线。
进一步地，墙板模块的侧端面预埋有连接筋，连接筋的一部分埋设在墙板模块内，一部分露出。
进一步地，连接筋露出墙板模块的端头设置有扩大头。
进一步地，墙板模块的侧端面预埋有U形钢筋，U形钢筋的开口端埋入墙板模块内。
进一步地，墙板模块上预留窗洞和/或门洞。
进一步地，墙板模块中于窗洞和/或门洞的上端部设置加强构造梁，窗洞和/或门洞两侧设置加强构造柱。
进一步地，墙板模块内设置有钢筋骨架。
进一步地，墙板模块的表面一体固接有附加层结构，所述附加层结构包括装饰层和/或保温层和/或防火层和/或隔音层。
进一步地，所述附加层结构中设置有预埋管线。
进一步地，墙板模块上用于安装连接的预埋铁板和/或预埋角铁和/或螺栓套筒。
采用以上技术方案，在同一层水平方向相邻的两块预制板之间设置竖向后浇带，并在预制墙板侧端面设置连接筋，并进行套筒连接，增强了同层墙板的整体性。
加强构造柱和加强构造梁的设置，提高了预制墙板的整体受力性能，使其能够适用 于净高更大的建筑需求，同时也可以对门窗侧边及顶部进行保护。
预制墙板空心设置，减轻了自重，提高了保温、隔音和隔热等性能。
预埋角铁和螺栓套筒的设置方便了安装。
将保温、装饰、防火和隔热等附加层结构一体化加工，质量可控，而且减少了后期施工工序，提高了建筑整体施工效率，缩短了工期。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种预制墙板的连接结构，其方便与其他预制构件相连。
上述目的主要通过以下技术方案得以实现：一种预制墙板的连接结构，包括上述预制墙板，在水平方向上相邻的预制墙板互相拼接形成一字型、T字型、L型或者十字型，预制墙板的连接位置处形成竖向后浇带。
进一步地，相邻两块预制墙板侧端面设置的连接筋和U形钢筋相互连接。
进一步地，竖向后浇带中设置有多根竖向通长钢筋，和将多根竖向通长钢筋外周箍设的第三箍筋。
进一步地，相邻的预制墙板互相拼接形成一字型，在竖向后浇带的侧面设置有钢柱。
进一步地，钢柱的侧面固接有栓钉，栓钉埋设在竖向后浇带中。
进一步地，其包括上述的预制墙板，在竖直方向上相邻的预制墙板互相拼接，预制墙板的连接处形成水平后浇带；两个预制墙板的连接钢筋采用套筒连接，套筒上开设两个与连接钢筋外径匹配的安装孔。
进一步地，预制墙板内设置有竖向的空心孔，空心孔内浇筑混凝土与水平后浇带连接成整体。
进一步地，空心孔内竖直方向设置抗剪筋，抗剪筋一端伸入下层预制墙板内，另一端伸入上层预制墙板内。
进一步地，水平后浇带的上方或下方设置有加强梁，加强梁的混凝土与水平后浇带的混凝土一起浇筑。
进一步地，水平后浇带的两侧设置有预制楼板，水平后浇带将上下两块预制墙板及左右两侧的预制楼板连接成整体。
进一步地，水平后浇带的宽度小于预制墙板的厚度，预制楼板搭接在预制墙板的上端面。
进一步地，水平后浇带的宽度大于预制墙板的厚度，预制楼板利用设置于其底部的 支撑柱支撑定位。
进一步地，预制楼板靠近水平后浇带的端面预埋有扩头连接筋，扩头连接筋用套筒连接。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种预制墙板的施工方法，其具有施工高效，上下墙板连接可靠，整体性好的优点。
本发明的以上目的是通过以下技术方案实现的，一种预制墙板的施工方法：包括以下施工步骤：S1、安装下层预制墙板，并固定；S2、安装上层预制墙板，并用临时支撑装置支撑定位，使上下层预制墙板之间预留出水平后浇带空间；S3、将上下层预制墙板的连接钢筋用套筒连接；S4、浇筑水平后浇带混凝土，并使水泥浆液流入套筒内。
通过以上技术方案，预制墙板连接钢筋的连接更加方便，不需要进行单独的灌浆操作，施工高效，而且连接效果好；同时，上下预制墙板之间是混凝土结构，避免了现有技术中水平砂浆层等弱结构层的设置，提高了墙体的抗震性。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、该预制墙板轻质、高强，而且采用连接钢筋和套筒技术连接，加强了相邻预制墙板的连接，整体性好，抗震性好；
2、空心结构节约材料，而且提高了保温隔热性能；装饰一体化，减少了整个建筑的施工工序，缩短了工期，而且质量可靠；
3、施工步骤简单，无需进行单独的灌浆操作，套筒连接对对位精度要求低，安装快速高效。
附图说明
图1为预制墙板的结构示意图；
图2为预制墙板中连接钢筋呈通长设置的结构示意图；
图3为预制墙板中连接钢筋预埋设置的结构示意图；
图4为预制墙板中连接钢筋为U形的结构示意图；
图5是为显示加强构造柱做的结构示意图；
图6是为显示竖向加强筋而作的结构示意图；
图7是图5中A部分的放大图；
图8是图6中B部分的放大图；
图9是为显示墙板模块上的U形钢筋而作的局部示意图；
图10是预制墙板中开设窗洞的结构示意图；
图11是预制墙板中开设门洞的结构示意图；
图12是预制墙板中设置水平加强钢筋笼的结构示意图；
图13是水平加强钢筋笼设置在预制墙板顶部的示意图；
图14是水平加强钢筋笼设置在预制墙板顶部的立体图；
图15是预制墙板上设置预埋件的示意图；
图16是预制墙板预埋螺栓套筒的结构示意图；
图17是预制墙板表面设置附加层结构的示意图；
图18是第一层墙体的俯视图；
图19是两个墙板模块的连接结构示意图；
图20是两个墙板模块中间浇筑竖向后浇带的示意图；
图21是两个墙板模块的侧壁固定U形加强钢筋的示意图；
图22是两个墙板模块呈L形连接的示意图；
图23是墙板模块呈T型连接的示意图；
图24是墙板模块呈十字型连接的示意图；
图25是预制墙体和工字钢连接的示意图；
图26是预制墙体和钢柱连接的示意图；
图27是两个预制墙体形成水平后浇带的示意图；
图28是预制墙板内设空心孔的结构示意图；
图29是预制墙板内部设置抗剪筋的示意图；
图30是浇筑水平后浇带时，下层预制墙板的空心孔临时封堵的示意图；
图31是预制墙板和预制楼板连接时的结构示意图；
图32是预制墙板和预制楼板周侧面开设浇筑口的示意图；
图33是中空预制墙板和预制楼板的连接关系示意图；
图34是预制墙板和预制楼板搭接时，水平后浇带下方设置加强梁的示意图；
图35是预制墙板和预制楼板搭接时，水平后浇带上方设置加强梁的示意图；
图36是预制墙板和预制楼板搭建安装的结构示意图；
图37是缩口式钢筋连接套筒中筒体的结构示意图；
图38是缩口的端面示意图；
图39是套筒和连接钢筋的配合示意图；
图40是缩口式钢筋连接套筒与预制板的连接关系示意图；
图41是分体式筒体的结构示意图；
图42是分体式筒体和预制板的连接关系示意图；
图43是套筒与竖直状态的两根钢筋相连的结构示意图；
图44是外伸入卡件式套筒的结构示意图；
图45是外伸入卡件式套筒与连接钢筋的装配示意图；
图中，1、墙板模块；11、连接钢筋；110、扩大头；12、加强构造柱；121、竖向加强钢筋笼；122、竖向加强筋；123、第一箍筋；13、空心孔；14、连接筋；15、U形钢筋；16、加强构造梁；160、水平加强钢筋笼；161、水平加强筋；162、第二箍筋；17、预埋件；171、预埋钢板；172、预埋角铁；173、螺栓套筒；18、附加层结构；181、装饰层；182、保温层；183、防火层；184、隔音层；
2、第一层墙体；21、预制墙板；211、窗洞；212、门洞；22、竖向后浇带；221、竖向通长钢筋；222、第三箍筋；223、U形加强钢筋；23、钢柱；231、栓钉；232、栓钉孔；24、水平后浇带；25、抗剪筋；3、套筒；31、安装孔；4、预制楼板；41、扩头连接筋；5、加固件；6、筒体；61、缩口；611、过渡圆锥面；62、注浆孔；63、连接板；631、通孔；64、隔挡元件；65、卡接块；651、卡接孔；66、弹片。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例一：如图1与图2所示，一种预制墙板，预制墙板根据实际情况按照模具大小浇筑形成墙板模块1。墙板模块1的上下端面均预埋连接钢筋11，连接钢筋11伸出墙板模块1的端部固定扩大头110，扩大头110的尺寸大于连接钢筋11的外径，以方便后续将墙板模块1拼接形成墙板。所述扩大头110的尺寸可以是扩大头110的直径。
连接钢筋11可以是通长贯穿墙板模块1设置。连接钢筋11可以在厚度方向设置一层或两层，在墙板模块1中规则排布。
如图3所示，连接钢筋11也可以不是通长设置，在墙板模块1中的预埋部分可以是直筋或弯筋，也可将两根连接成U形(见图4)。
如图5与图6所示，墙板模块1中包括若干个竖向设置的加强构造柱12。结合图7，加强构造柱12包括竖向加强钢筋笼121，竖向加强钢筋笼121包括多根竖向加强筋122和将多根竖向加强筋122的外周箍设的第一箍筋123。
如图6与图8所示，竖向加强筋122通长设置，两端伸出墙板模块1的上下端面，两端设置有扩大头110。此时，竖向加强筋122可以充当连接钢筋11使用。
如图5所示，墙板模块1中间竖向设置有若干平行的空心孔13，以减轻墙板自重。
进一步地，还可以在墙板模块1中墙厚方向设置双层预应力钢筋或预应力钢绞线，以增强预制墙板的抗剪切能力。也可以将竖向加强筋122作为预制力钢筋。
如图6与图8所示，墙板模块1的侧端面预埋有连接筋14，连接筋14的一部分埋设在墙板模块1内，一部分露出。连接筋14露出墙板模块1的端头设置有扩大头110。方便后期将两块水平方向相邻的预制墙板连接。
进一步地，如图9所示，为了加强水平方向相邻两块预制墙板连接，墙板模块1的侧端面预埋有U形钢筋15，U形钢筋15的开口端埋入墙板模块1内。
如图10与图11所示，预制墙板21上可以预留窗洞211或者门洞212，方便后续在该位置处安装门窗。窗洞211和门洞212两侧设置加强构造柱12。
如图12所示，墙板模块1中还可以在水平方向设置若干个加强构造梁16，加强构造梁16包括水平加强钢筋笼160，水平加强钢筋笼160包括多根水平加强筋161和将多根水平加强筋161的外周箍设的第二箍筋162。水平加强筋161的端头也可以设置成扩大头110(图中未示出)，并伸出预制墙板的侧端面。
加强构造梁16可以设置在门洞212的上端部，也可以设置在窗洞211的上端部和下端部。
如图13与图14所示，加强构造梁16设置于墙板模块1的顶部；第二箍筋162的一部分埋在墙板模块1中，一部分露出墙板模块1，以方便后期在其顶部设置后浇带，与相邻墙板形成更好的连接。同理，该方案也可以设计在预制墙板的底部。
如图15与图16所示，预制墙板21的端部可以设置预埋件17，预埋件17可以是预埋钢板171或预埋角铁172或者螺栓套筒173，当预制墙板21与楼板连接，或者相邻的两个预制墙板21连接时，可以在连接位置外部栓接或者焊接加固钢板。
如图17所示，墙板模块1的表面一体固接有附加层结构18，以便减少后期施工工序。附加层结构18包括装饰层181和/或保温层182和/或防火层183和/或隔音层184。例如，当预制墙板21是外墙板时，位于墙内的一面设置轻质防火层183和保温层182，最表面设置装饰层181；位于墙外的一面可以从里到外依次设置保温层182、防火层183、网格面、抹面砂浆层和装饰层181。当预制墙板21是内墙板时，表面可以设置隔音层184。
优选地，还可以在附加层结构18中设置预埋管线，以便后期电线、网线的穿设安装。现有技术中，预埋管线直接设置于主体墙内，主体墙结构使用寿命要求70年，而一般30年时需要对管线进行大修，大修时，会对主体墙结构造成损坏。该方案将管线预埋在附 加层结构18中，大修时，附加层结构18即使有损坏，也不影响建筑主体结构的安全性。而且将附加层结构18还可以随时进行全部替换。
此外，预制墙板21内还可以设置钢筋骨架，使变更钢筋混凝土结构，增强整体性和受力性能。钢筋骨架可以与现有技术中的相同。
实施例二：
一种预制墙板的连接结构，由实施例一中的预制墙板拼接构成。如图18所示，预先在地基上构筑第一层墙体2，预制墙板21沿水平方向延伸，相邻的两个预制墙板21之间采用一字型方式拼接。在转角位置处，相邻的两个预制墙板21垂直设置、并采用L型方式拼接形成转角。墙体和内墙拼接时，呈一字型方式拼接的两个预制墙板21和另外一个预制墙板21以T型方式拼接。室内区域划分时，四个预制墙板21可以采用十字型方式拼接，将空间分隔为四部分。
此处以相邻的两个预制墙板21的连接方式为例进行说明。如图19所示，相邻两块预制墙板21的连接位置处形成竖向后浇带22，相对的两个连接筋14采用套筒3相连(套筒3的具体结构和连接方式在最后段进行介绍)。套筒3的两端分别开设与扩大头110外径匹配的安装孔31，预制墙板21拼接时，将相对的两个连接钢筋11分别插入套筒3的两个安装孔31处，实现预制墙板21的连接。
如图20所示，竖向后浇带22中设置有多根竖向通长钢筋221，和将多根竖向通长钢筋221外周箍设的第三箍筋222。例如竖向通长钢筋221为四根，将套筒3包围，待竖向后浇带22浇筑混凝土后，套筒3周围的混凝土由于受到竖向通长钢筋221和第三箍筋222作用，形成更稳固的加强结构，防止变形，从而加强了相邻两块预制墙板21的连接。当然即使通长钢筋没有将套筒3包围，其自身也能够起到加强后浇带结构的作用。
如图21所示，当预制墙板21侧端面设置的U形加强钢筋223时，竖向通长钢筋221可以穿入U形加强钢筋223内部，再加上第三箍筋222的配合，使竖向后浇带22内部形成了三个相互交叉的拉接网格，大大增强了两个相邻预制墙板21的连接效果。
如图22与图23所示，当墙板为L型或T字型设置时，竖向通长钢筋221可以将连接筋14的扩大头110进行包围，混凝土凝固后，扩大头110更难拔出，从而加强了预制墙板21之间的连接。
如图24所示，墙板为十字型时，可以采用套筒3连接和设置竖向通长钢筋221的连接方式，此处不再赘述。
如图25与图26所示，相邻的预制墙板21互相拼接形成一字型时，在竖向后浇带22 的侧面还可以设置钢柱23。钢柱23可以是工字钢或钢管等。钢柱23的侧面固接有栓钉231，栓钉231埋设在竖向后浇带22中。可以在套筒3上开设栓钉孔232，栓钉231穿过套筒3上的栓钉孔232后与钢梁焊接。以进一步加强预制墙板21与钢柱23的连接。
实施例三：
一种预制墙板的连接结构，由实施例一中的预制墙板21竖向拼接构成。如图27所示，在竖直方向上相邻的预制墙板21互相拼接，预制墙板21的连接处形成水平后浇带24；两个预制墙板21的连接钢筋11采用套筒3连接，套筒3上开设两个与连接钢筋11外径匹配的安装孔31。
如图28所示，当预制墙板21内设置有竖向的空心孔13时，空心孔13内浇筑混凝土与水平后浇带24连接成整体，从而进一步加强上下两层预制墙板21的连接。
进一步地，如图29所示，空心孔13内竖直方向设置抗剪筋25，抗剪筋25一端伸入下层预制墙板21内，另一端伸入上层预制墙板21内。抗剪筋25加强了两块预制墙板21在水平方向上的抗剪能力，使二者更好地结合成整体结构。
如图30所示，当浇筑水平后浇带24混凝土之前，可以将下层预制墙板21的空心孔13用模板或橡胶等材料将空心孔13进行封堵，封堵位置位于下层预制墙板21顶端面的下方。浇筑混凝土时，混凝土上表面只要超过上层预制墙板21的下表面一定高度即可，例如可以是100mmm。这种方案，既对上下预制墙板21连接处的进行了加强，也保留了预制墙板21的空心结构。
实施例四：
与实施例三不同之处在于，如图31所示，水平后浇带24的两侧设置有预制楼板4，水平后浇带24将上下两块预制墙板21及左右两侧的预制楼板4连接成整体。水平后浇带24的宽度可以大于预制墙板21的厚度，预制楼板4利用设置于其底部的支撑柱支撑定位。
预制楼板4靠近水平后浇带24的端面预埋有扩头连接筋41，扩头连接筋41可以与预制墙板21的连接钢筋11结构相同，扩头连接筋41用套筒3连接。
施工时，预制楼板4吊装就位后，先将扩头连接筋41用套筒3进行连接，然后再吊装上层预制墙板21，并将连接钢筋11用套筒3进行连接；最后浇筑水平后浇带24混凝土。
上层预制墙板21吊装前，可以预先在第一层墙体2的上端部固定加固件5(图中未示出)，再在加固件5上方吊装第二层墙体所用的预制墙板21。本实施例中，加固件5可以为工字钢，也可以是其他能够起到临时支撑作用的支撑件。后续浇筑混凝土时，将加固件5 一起浇筑在内即可。
水平后浇带24中可以设置辅助加强钢筋以加强对周围构件的连接，辅助加强钢筋可以采用如竖向后浇带22中的竖向通长钢筋221和U形加强钢筋223等方案，此处不再赘述。
如图32所示，预制楼板4和预制墙板21均可以设置成空心结构，在浇筑混凝土前，将下层预制墙板21和两侧预制楼板4的空心进行封堵；浇筑时，混凝土能够进入预制墙板21和预制楼板4的空心内一小截，例如可以是100mm，从而对该连接结点进行加强。
浇筑时，混凝土可以从上层预制墙板21与预制楼板4端面之间的缺口中进入水平后浇带24。
如图33所示，水平后浇带24的宽度也可以小于预制墙板21的厚度，预制楼板4搭接在预制墙板21的上端面。此时，水平后浇带24位于相对封闭的空间内，浇筑时，上层预制墙板21的空心孔13可以作为注浆通道，实现对水平后浇带24的浇筑。
进一步地，如图34所示，水平后浇带24的下方设置有加强梁6，加强梁6的混凝土与水平后浇带24的混凝土一起浇筑。结合图14，下层预制墙板21顶部设置加强构造梁16，加强构造梁16的第二箍筋162的一部分露出下层预制墙板21，并伸入至加强梁6部分和水平后浇带24。
通过在水平后浇带24中设置辅助加强钢筋，使加强梁6与水平后浇带24更好地形成一个整体。该方案实质上是将水平后浇带24在高度方向上进行延伸，使得后浇带与加强梁6一起形成截面更高的梁体结构，从而增加其承受顶部荷载的能力。
如图35所示，加强梁6也可以设置在水平后浇带24的上方，从而方便模板的安装。
实施例五：
一种预制墙板的施工方法，如图36所示，包括如下步骤：
S1、第一层预制墙板21垂直固定支撑在地面，第一层预制墙板21的两个侧平面均采用支架支撑，提高第一层预制墙板21的稳固性；第一层预制墙板21按照实际情况进行搭建，相邻的两个第一预制墙板21之间留有竖向后浇带22；
S2、在水平后浇带24的两侧安装第一层预制楼板4，预制楼板4搭接在预制墙板21的上端面或用底部支撑柱进行临时支撑定位；
安装竖向后浇带22两侧模板；在竖向后浇带22内安装预埋管线；
S3、将预制楼板4的扩头连接筋41用套筒3连接，并安装通长钢筋和箍筋等辅助加强钢 筋；第一层预制墙板21的上端面的两个端部分别固定一个支撑架，本实施例中支撑架采用工字钢；在第一层预制墙板21的连接钢筋11上套接套筒3；
浇筑竖向后浇带22混凝土；
S4、将第二层预制墙板21吊装至第一层预制墙板21上方，二者对齐后，缓慢向下移动第二层预制墙板21，将第二层预制墙板21底部的连接钢筋11插入套筒3内；第二层预制墙板21安装就位，预留出水平后浇带24空间；
S5、第二层预制墙板21的侧平面采用支架辅助支撑定位；
S6、安装水平后浇带24的模板；在水平后浇带24内安装预埋管线并浇筑水平后浇带24混凝土；
S7、在第一层预制楼板4上安装支撑柱；
S8、重复S2-S7步骤，直到施工至建筑顶层；
S9、拆除所有临时支撑装配和模板；
S10、安装建筑内部管线，装配式建筑的施工完成。
套筒结构及其连接方法介绍：
套筒3可以采用缩口式钢筋连接套筒和外伸入卡件式套筒。
缩口式钢筋连接套筒：
如图37所示，缩口式钢筋连接套筒包括筒体6和一体连接于筒体6两端的缩口61，筒体6上开设有若干个均匀分布的注浆孔62，便于水泥浆流入筒体6内部；结合图38，缩口61为圆口，缩口61内壁为圆锥面状，圆锥面较大的一端朝向筒体6的内部；结合图39，缩口式钢筋连接套筒的连接结构由连接钢筋11和筒体6组成，连接钢筋11一端预埋固定连接在预制板7内部，另一端露在预制板7外面且在远离预制板7的一端端部一体连接有扩大头110，扩大头110的外壁径向尺寸大于连接钢筋11的外壁径向尺寸且小于缩口61的内壁径向尺寸，扩大头110可从缩口61伸入筒体6内部。
如图40所示，水泥浆从注浆孔62流入筒体6内部并且凝固形成混凝土之后，扩大头110可以被固定在筒体6内部，可以限制筒体6两端的连接钢筋11朝相互远离的方向运动拔出筒体6，从而对两端的预制板7(图40中连接钢筋11远离筒体6一端的矩形块状结构为预制板7的示意图)进行连接，提高两个预制板7之间的连接强度。扩大头110靠近连接钢筋11的一端为圆台面状，扩大头110靠近预制板7的一端小于另一端；为便于叙述，缩口61的圆锥面定义为过渡圆锥面611，缩口61与筒体6端部之间通过过渡圆锥面611一体连接，在连接钢筋11受到拔出筒体6方向的作用力之后，圆台面挤混凝土，混凝土将挤 压作用力(如图40中F箭头所指的方向为作用力方向的示意图)传递给过渡圆锥面611，过渡圆锥面611产生的反作用力对扩大头110具有沿径向的分力，沿径向压紧扩大头110，因此，过渡圆锥面611可以使筒体6和内部的混凝土承载更大的载荷，提高连接钢筋11以及扩大头110与筒体6之间的连接强度。
与现有灌浆套筒相比，该套筒不需要单独的灌浆操作，而是在浇筑混凝土时，混凝土浆液进入筒体6即完成连接钢筋11的连接，操作更加方便而且不需要专门的灌浆材料，节约成本。此外，由于该方案是靠压力传递，相比灌浆套筒依靠灌浆料与钢筋之间的黏结咬合，连接更加可靠。
缩口61的形状可以是圆形，也可以是方形、长条形和椭圆形等多种形状，扩大头110的截面与缩口61的形状相适配。为了使扩大头110的压力通过混凝土有效传递至筒体6上，缩口61的尺寸比扩大头110的尺寸大1～5mm即可，优选2～3mm。
如图41和图42所示，筒体6具有分体结构，可以沿轴向拆分为两半。两半筒体6相互靠近的一端外侧表面均固定连接有连接板63，连接板63上均开设有通孔631，两半筒体6相互对接拼合后，连接板63上的通孔631可相互对齐，可通过将销或螺栓等插销件同时插入两个相互对齐的通孔631内，对两个连接板63进行销接，限制两半筒体6朝相互远离的方向相互分离。
当两个预制板7之间的距离比较小时，预埋在预制板7内部的连接钢筋11相互靠近的一端的端面之间的距离也比较小，可以将筒体6拆分为两半，先将其中一半筒体6套入在其中一个连接钢筋11上，再将另一半筒体6套接在连接钢筋11上，最后在将两半筒体6沿连接钢筋11的轴向且朝相互靠近的方向滑动，使连接板63上的通孔631相互对齐，通过插销件插入通孔631使两半筒体6拼合在一起。
如图43所示，当连接的是竖直状态的两根钢筋时，为了将套筒2在浇筑混凝土前能够更方便地临时固定在两根连接钢筋11的对接位置，不至于滑落。所以，筒体6内壁中部位置固接有阻止扩大头110贯穿套筒2的隔挡元件64。隔挡元件64可以是位于筒体6中间圆片板。进一步地，为了使水泥浆可以在筒体6内自由流动，隔挡元件64设置成中空的圆环状，圆环内径小于扩大头110的直径。或者，隔挡元件64也可以是沿筒体6的径向设置的一根杆件。
外伸入卡件式套筒:
如图44与图45所示，外伸入卡件式套筒包括筒体6、卡接块65、弹片66，筒体6的两端均开设有供卡接块65插接的卡接孔651，筒体6上开设有注浆孔62。弹片66一端与筒体6 的外侧面相固定连接，弹片66的另一端与卡接块65位于筒体6外侧的一端相固定连接。
连接钢筋11一端固定连接有扩大头110，扩大头110的径向尺寸大于连接钢筋11的径向尺寸，扩大头110可从筒体6的端口插入筒体6内部。插入过程中，扩大头110推动卡接块65朝远离筒体6中心轴线的方向运动时带动弹片66发生弹性变形，在扩大头110越过卡接块65之后，弹片66逐渐恢复形变插入筒体6复位，限制扩大头110拔出筒体6。
当筒体6周围的后浇带浇筑混凝土时，水泥浆可从筒体6的两端口和注浆孔62流入筒体6内部，水泥浆凝固之后形成固态混凝土，使连接钢筋11固定在筒体6内部，从而实现两根连接钢筋11的连接。
此外，需要指出的是，套筒可以采用本申请人于2018年4月8号提交的4个套筒相关的发明专利，申请号分别为201810306670.4、201810307419.X、201810307420.2和201810307967.2。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种预制墙板，其特征在于：包括墙板模块(1)，墙板模块(1)的上下端面均预埋连接钢筋(11)，连接钢筋(11)伸出墙板模块(1)的端部固定扩大头(110)，扩大头(110)的尺寸大于连接钢筋(11)的外径。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)中包括若干个竖向设置的加强构造柱(12)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：加强构造柱(12)包括竖向加强钢筋笼(121)，竖向加强钢筋笼(121)包括多根竖向加强筋(122)和将多根竖向加强筋(122)的外周箍设的第一箍筋(123)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：竖向加强筋(122)通长设置，两端伸出墙板模块(1)的上下端面，两端设置有扩大头(110)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)中包括若干个水平方向设置的加强构造梁(16)，加强构造梁(16)包括水平加强钢筋笼(160)，水平加强钢筋笼(160)包括多根水平加强筋(161)和将多根水平加强筋(161)的外周箍设的第二箍筋(162)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：加强构造梁(16)设置于墙板模块(1)的顶部或底部；第二箍筋(162)的一部分埋在墙板模块(1)中，一部分露出墙板模块(1)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)中间竖向设置有若干平行的空心孔(13)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)中在墙厚方向设置有双层预应力钢筋或预应力钢绞线。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)的侧端面预埋有连接筋(14)，连接筋(14)的一部分埋设在墙板模块(1)内，一部分露出。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：连接筋(14)露出墙板模块(1)的端头设置有扩大头(110)。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)的侧端面预埋有U形钢筋(15)，U形钢筋(15)的开口端埋入墙板模块(1)内。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)上预留窗洞(211)和/或门洞(212)。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)中于窗洞(211)和/或门 洞(212)的上端部设置加强构造梁(16)，窗洞(211)和/或门洞(212)两侧设置加强构造柱(12)。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)内设置有钢筋骨架。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)的表面一体固接有附加层结构(18)，所述附加层结构(18)包括装饰层(181)和/或保温层(182)和/或防火层(183)和/或隔音层(184)。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：所述附加层结构(18)中设置有预埋管线。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的预制墙板，其特征在于：墙板模块(1)上用于安装连接的预埋铁板和/或预埋角铁(172)和/或螺栓套筒(173)。
  18. 一种预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：包括权利要求1-14任一项所述的预制墙板，在水平方向上相邻的预制墙板互相拼接形成一字型、T字型、L型或者十字型，预制墙板的连接位置处形成竖向后浇带(22)。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：相邻两块预制墙板侧端面设置的连接筋(14)和U形钢筋(15)相互连接。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：竖向后浇带(22)中设置有多根竖向通长钢筋(221)，和将多根竖向通长钢筋(221)外周箍设的第三箍筋(222)。
  21. 根据权利要求18所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：相邻的预制墙板互相拼接形成一字型，在竖向后浇带(22)的侧面设置有钢柱(23)。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：钢柱(23)的侧面固接有栓钉(231)，栓钉(231)埋设在竖向后浇带(22)中。
  23. 一种预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：包括权利要求1-14任一项所述的预制墙板，在竖直方向上相邻的预制墙板互相拼接，预制墙板的连接处形成水平后浇带(24)；两个预制墙板的连接钢筋(11)采用套筒(3)连接，套筒(3)上开设两个与连接钢筋(11)外径匹配的安装孔(31)。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：预制墙板内设置有竖向的空心孔(13)，空心孔(13)内浇筑混凝土与水平后浇带(24)连接成整体。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：空心孔(13)内竖直方向设置抗剪筋(25)，抗剪筋(25)一端伸入下层预制墙板内，另一端伸入上层预制墙板内。
  26. 根据权利要求23所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：水平后浇带(24)的上方 或下方设置有加强梁(6)，加强梁(6)的混凝土与水平后浇带(24)的混凝土一起浇筑。
  27. 根据权利要求23-26任意一项所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：水平后浇带(24)的两侧设置有预制楼板(4)，水平后浇带(24)将上下两块预制墙板及左右两侧的预制楼板(4)连接成整体。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：水平后浇带(24)的宽度小于预制墙板的厚度，预制楼板(4)搭接在预制墙板的上端面。
  29. 根据权利要求27所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：水平后浇带(24)的宽度大于预制墙板的厚度，预制楼板(4)利用设置于其底部的支撑柱支撑定位。
  30. 根据权利要求27所述的预制墙板的连接结构，其特征在于：预制楼板(4)靠近水平后浇带(24)的端面预埋有扩头连接筋(41)，扩头连接筋(41)用套筒(3)连接。
  31. 一种预制墙体的施工方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    S1、安装下层预制墙板，并固定；
    S2、安装上层预制墙板，并用临时支撑装置支撑定位，使上下层预制墙板之间预留出水平后浇带(24)空间；
    S3、将上下层预制墙板的连接钢筋(11)用套筒(3)连接；
    S4、浇筑水平后浇带(24)混凝土，并使水泥浆液流入套筒(3)内。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的预制墙体的施工方法，其特征在于：
    还包括步骤S1-1：在水平后浇带(24)的两侧安装预制楼板(4)，预制楼板(4)搭接在预制墙板的上端面或用底部支撑装置进行临时定位；将预制楼板(4)的扩头连接筋(41)用套筒(3)连接。
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