WO2019205471A1 - 一种增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器 - Google Patents

一种增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019205471A1
WO2019205471A1 PCT/CN2018/106900 CN2018106900W WO2019205471A1 WO 2019205471 A1 WO2019205471 A1 WO 2019205471A1 CN 2018106900 W CN2018106900 W CN 2018106900W WO 2019205471 A1 WO2019205471 A1 WO 2019205471A1
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Prior art keywords
stage
piston
valve
way electromagnetic
hydraulic
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PCT/CN2018/106900
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘送永
朱真才
王博文
沈刚
江红祥
崔新霞
李伟
李洪盛
张新
Original Assignee
中国矿业大学
徐州秩润矿山设备科技有限公司
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Application filed by 中国矿业大学, 徐州秩润矿山设备科技有限公司 filed Critical 中国矿业大学
Priority to CA3072526A priority Critical patent/CA3072526C/en
Priority to JP2020510603A priority patent/JP6799238B2/ja
Priority to RU2020106832A priority patent/RU2737073C1/ru
Publication of WO2019205471A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019205471A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B3/00—Intensifiers or fluid-pressure converters, e.g. pressure exchangers; Conveying pressure from one fluid system to another, without contact between the fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a supercharger, in particular to a multi-stage multi-purpose hydraulic supercharger with variable pressure ratio, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic control devices.
  • the hydraulic drive system in industrial equipment is generally divided into two types: low-voltage system and high-pressure system. If there are individual components that need high-voltage system drive in the equipment driven by the low-voltage system, it is necessary to branch an oil circuit in the low-voltage system and install on this oil circuit.
  • the hydraulic booster converts the low pressure oil of the low pressure system into a high pressure oil or even an ultra high pressure oil required for the high pressure system, which is convenient and practical.
  • the traditional hydraulic supercharger includes a base, a low pressure cylinder, a connecting valve, a high pressure cylinder, a cylinder head, a piston, a plunger, and an electromagnetic reversing valve.
  • the piston and the plunger of different sizes have different pressurization multiples.
  • the hydraulic supercharger uses hydraulic oil to drive one end of the large piston to move the plunger with a smaller area to move, and the high pressure cylinder that cooperates with the plunger can output high pressure hydraulic oil.
  • the conventional supercharger such as the supercharger on the machine tool, can only perform one supercharging, and then needs to carry out the return repressurization, and cannot continuously pressurize.
  • the conventional supercharger mostly has only one oil inlet, one oil return port and one high pressure oil output port, and the pressurized object is only applicable to the hydraulic oil, and the pressure cannot be supercharged for different fluids, which limits the scope of use.
  • the present invention provides a multi-stage multi-purpose hydraulic supercharger with variable pressure ratio, which is suitable for different fluid pressurization of a driving medium and a pressurized medium, and has various pressurizations. Multiple, simple structure, easy to repair, wide range of applications.
  • the present invention provides a multi-stage multi-purpose hydraulic supercharger with variable pressure ratio, including a multi-stage supercharging structure, a hydraulic oil circuit and its control components, a pressurized fluid circuit and its control components;
  • the supercharging structure comprises a supercharger housing, a high pressure cylinder head connected at two ends of the supercharger housing, a piston in the housing, a piston rod installed at both ends of the piston, and a connecting valve body, fluid and hydraulic pressure in the pressurized fluid circuit
  • the fluid in the oil circuit uses the same or different media;
  • the piston in the housing includes a transfer piston, two primary boost pistons, two secondary boost pistons and two three-stage boost pistons, and the transfer piston is set to supercharge
  • the first-stage booster piston is symmetrically connected to the two sides of the transfer piston through the first-stage piston rod
  • the two-stage booster piston is symmetrically connected on both sides of the first-stage booster piston through the second-stage piston rod, and the three-stage superchar
  • the piston is symmetrically connected to the two sides of the secondary booster piston through the three-stage piston rod, and the area of the transfer piston, the first-stage booster piston, the second-stage booster piston, and the third-stage booster piston are sequentially reduced in proportion, and the transfer piston and the two are respectively First level
  • the pressurized pistons respectively constitute two left and right hydraulic oil chambers, and the two first-stage boosting pistons and the two second-stage boosting pistons respectively form two left and right first pressure pressurizing chambers, two two-stage boosting pistons and two
  • the three-stage supercharging pistons respectively form two left and right two-stage supercharging chambers, and two three-stage supercharging pistons and two high-pressure cylinder heads respectively form two left and three three-stage supercharging chambers;
  • the hydraulic oil circuit includes a hydraulic oil inlet port and a hydraulic oil return port.
  • the hydraulic oil circuit control component includes a three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve, and the hydraulic oil enters the three-way four-way reversing valve from the inlet port into the side.
  • the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil chamber on the other side of the hydraulic oil chamber is returned to the hydraulic oil return port through the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve;
  • the pressurized fluid circuit includes a pressurized fluid inlet, a non-pressurized fluid outlet, and a pressurized fluid outlet
  • the pressurized fluid circuit control component includes a hydraulically controlled check valve, a 2/2-way electromagnetic reversing valve, and a 2/2-way electromagnetic reversing The valve, the low-pressure fluid entering from the pressurized fluid inlet enters the first-stage plenum chamber, the second-stage plenum chamber and the three-stage plenum chamber, and the right position of the three two-position three-way electromagnetic directional control valves are connected in parallel thereto.
  • the left position of the first two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is connected with the control port of the first hydraulic control check valve, and the left and second liquid of the second two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve
  • the control port of the control one-way valve is connected, and the left position of the third two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is connected with the control port of the third hydraulic control check valve; the fluid flowing out through the first-stage pressurized chamber and the first liquid respectively
  • the control one-way valve is connected to the oil inlet of the first two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve, and the fluid flowing out through the two-stage pressurized chamber is respectively reversed with the second hydraulic control one-way valve and the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing
  • the oil inlet of the valve is connected, and the fluid flowing out through the three-stage pressurized chamber is respectively connected with the third hydraulic control check valve and the third two-position two-way valve.
  • the reversing valve is connected to the oil inlet,
  • the two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve, the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve and the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve are all controlled by a controller signal.
  • the pressurized structure part adopts a two-way reciprocating structure and a three-stage supercharging structure, and pushing the two-stage one-stage pressure-increasing chamber to reciprocate left and right is to return oil through the hydraulic oil inlet port and the hydraulic oil return port.
  • the hydraulic pressure transmitted by the hydraulic oil chamber on both sides is transmitted to the hydraulic pressure of the first-stage piston rod; the two-stage super-charge chamber is pushed to reciprocate through the hydraulic oil inlet port and the hydraulic oil return port.
  • the hydraulic pressure on the primary piston rod, the secondary pressurized piston and the secondary piston rod transmitted by the transfer piston pushed by the hydraulic oil chamber on both sides; pushing the three-stage pressurized chamber on both sides to reciprocate It is a first-stage piston rod, a secondary-stage booster piston, a three-stage piston rod and a transfer piston that is transferred by the hydraulic oil inlet port and the hydraulic oil return port and is driven by the hydraulic oil chambers on both sides.
  • the controller controls the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve to be in the left position, and when the left side is pressurized, the controller controls the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve to be in the right position;
  • the pressurized chamber needs to be controlled by the controller to be connected to the two-position three-way solenoid valve in the right position, and participate in the hydraulic reciprocating push circuit oil supply; the chamber that needs to be pressurized needs to be controlled by the controller.
  • the three-way solenoid valve is in the left position, thereby realizing the supply of the control port oil to the hydraulic control check valve connected thereto, thereby controlling the opening of the fluid line where the hydraulic control check valve is located; the two-position two-way electromagnetic exchange
  • the valve and the hydraulic control check valve are based on the combination of hydraulic control and electric control for complementary control.
  • the electromagnetic reversing valve is in a passage state, ensuring that the output of the high pressure fluid and the output of the low pressure fluid are in different pipelines; the two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve and the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve are controlled by the same control signal When the two-position two-way electromagnetic reversal When in the circulation position, the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in the convection position, that is, the right position, and then the corresponding pressurized chamber is in a non-supercharging state; when the two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in the blocking position, the two positions are The three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in a diagonal position, that is, a left position, thereby controlling the corresponding pressurized chamber to be in a pressurized state;
  • the pressurized fluid circuit control component further includes a one-way valve, and the one-way valve is connected to the oil passage connected to the first-stage pressurized chamber, and the pressurized fluid inlet is connected to the secondary pressurized chamber.
  • a check valve 2 on the oil passage
  • a check valve 3 is arranged on the oil passage connected to the three-stage pressurized chamber by the pressurized fluid inlet; the first-stage pressurized chamber and the first hydraulic control check valve and the first two positions
  • the oil passage connected to the oil inlet of the two-way electromagnetic reversing valve is provided with a check valve.
  • the second and second pressurized chambers are connected to the inlet port of the second two-way electromagnetic reversing valve and the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve.
  • the oil passage is provided with a one-way valve five
  • the three-stage pressurized chamber is provided with a one-way valve six on the oil passage connected to the oil inlet of the third liquid control check valve and the third two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve.
  • the one-way valve added on the front and rear sides of the plenum chamber prevents the working fluid from flowing back to the plenum chambers at all levels, ensuring supercharging efficiency and accuracy.
  • an electromagnetic stroke limit switch is provided at the limit positions of both ends of the hydraulic oil chambers on both sides, and the electromagnetic stroke limit switch is connected with the controller signal.
  • the transfer piston moves to the limit position of the oil chamber at both ends to touch the contact of the electromagnetic stroke limit switch, the electromagnetic stroke limit switch sends an electric signal to the controller, and the controller feedback signal to the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve To make it energized and commutated, the oil inlet pipe supplies hydraulic oil to the oil chamber on the other side, completes a reciprocating motion, and then performs the next reciprocating motion according to the process, thereby performing automatic commutation of the supercharger. No human intervention is required.
  • the primary piston rod, the secondary piston rod and the tertiary piston rod are all of a uniform diameter.
  • the three-stage piston rod and the three-stage booster piston are plunger mechanisms.
  • the supercharger uses a seal, a support ring and a guide ring for guiding sealing; a position requiring a two-way seal is a rectangle made of a highly wear-resistant PTFE composite material.
  • the two-way rubber combined slip ring seal ring formed by the ring and the O-shaped rubber seal ring is sealed, and the position where the one-way seal is required is a step ring and an O-shaped rubber seal made of a highly wear-resistant PTFE composite material.
  • the one-way rubber combined slip ring seal formed by the ring is sealed.
  • the invention adopts a two-way reciprocating structure and a three-stage supercharging structure, and adopts a two-fluid circuit, thereby realizing that different kinds of fluids can be used for the driving medium and the pressurized medium, and at the same time, using various control components to increase
  • the press realizes automatic reversing pressurization, saving the pressurization time, and automatically realizes automatic supercharging of six different supercharging ratios without replacing the supercharging component, expanding the use range of the supercharger and the supercharging environment, and achieving one Multi-purpose, multi-pressure effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the present invention
  • a multi-stage multi-purpose hydraulic supercharger with variable pressure ratio includes a multi-stage supercharging structure, a hydraulic oil circuit and its control components, a pressurized fluid circuit and its control components;
  • the pressing structure comprises a supercharger housing, a high pressure cylinder head connected at two ends of the supercharger housing, a piston in the housing, a piston rod installed at both ends of the piston, and a connecting valve body, and a fluid and a hydraulic oil in the pressurized fluid circuit.
  • the fluid in the circuit uses the same or different media;
  • the piston in the housing includes the transfer piston 1, two primary boost pistons 3, two secondary boost pistons 5 and two three-stage boost pistons 14, transfer piston 1 Located in the middle of the supercharger housing, the first stage booster piston 3 is symmetrically connected to both sides of the transfer piston 1 through the first stage piston rod 12, and the secondary pressurizing piston 5 is symmetrically connected to the first stage pressurization through the secondary piston rod 4.
  • the three-stage booster piston 14 is symmetrically connected to the two sides of the secondary booster piston 5 through the three-stage piston rod 13, and the transfer piston 1, the first booster piston 3, the second booster piston 5, and the third
  • the area of the stage booster piston 14 is sequentially reduced in proportion, and the transfer piston 1 and the two are one.
  • the level booster pistons 3 respectively constitute two left and right hydraulic oil chambers C1
  • the two first pressure boosting pistons 3 and the two second pressure boosting pistons 5 respectively constitute two left and right first pressure chambers C2
  • two two The level booster piston 5 and the two three-stage booster pistons 14 respectively form two left and right secondary pressurizing chambers C3
  • the two three-stage booster pistons 14 and the high pressure cylinder heads on both sides respectively form two left and right three Level pressurization chamber C4;
  • the hydraulic oil circuit includes a hydraulic oil inlet port P3 and a hydraulic oil return port P4.
  • the hydraulic oil circuit control component includes a three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 10, and the hydraulic oil is fed through the three-position four-way reversing port from the inlet port P3.
  • the valve 10 enters the hydraulic oil chamber C1 on the other side of the hydraulic oil chamber C1 and the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil chamber C1 passes through the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 10 to return to the hydraulic oil return port P4;
  • the pressurized fluid circuit includes a pressurized fluid inlet P1, a non-pressurized fluid outlet P2, and a pressurized fluid outlet P5.
  • the pressurized fluid circuit control component includes a hydraulically controlled check valve, a two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve, and a two-position three-way The electromagnetic reversing valve, the low-pressure fluid entering from the pressurized fluid inlet P1 enters the first-stage pressurized chamber C2, the second-stage pressurized chamber C3 and the three-stage pressurized chamber C4, respectively, and three two-position three-way electromagnetic commutation
  • the right position of the valve is connected in parallel to one of the hydraulic oil chambers C1, and the left position of the first two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 9-1 is connected with the control port of the first pilot operated check valve 7-1, the second two The left position of the three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 9-2 is connected with the control port of the second hydraulic control check valve 7-2, and the left and third hydraulic control
  • Fluid flow from the pressurized chamber C4 Do not connect to the inlet port of the third pilot operated check valve 7-3 and the third two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 8-3.
  • the outlet ports of the three pilot operated check valves are connected in parallel to the pressurized fluid outlet P5.
  • the outlet of the three two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve is connected in parallel to the non-pressurized fluid outlet P2;
  • the two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve, the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 10 and the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve are all controlled by the signal of the controller 11.
  • the pressurized structure part adopts a two-way reciprocating structure and a three-stage supercharging structure, and pushing the two-stage one-stage pressurized chamber C2 to reciprocate left and right is to return oil through the hydraulic oil inlet port P3 and the hydraulic oil return port P4.
  • the hydraulic pressure on the first stage piston rod 12, the second stage booster piston 5, the third stage piston rod 13 and the third stage booster piston 14 is transmitted; under the combined action of the controller 11 and the respective pipelines, according to different pressurization Different combinations of volume changes of the chamber can obtain a combination of boost ratios of various superchargers; hydraulic oil
  • the controller 11 controls the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 10 to be in the left position, and when the left side is pressurized
  • the controller 11 controls the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 10 to be in the right position; the chamber that does not need to be pressurized needs to be controlled by the controller 11 to control the two-position three-way solenoid valve in the right position, and participate in the hydraulic reciprocating push circuit.
  • the chamber requiring pressurization needs to be controlled by the controller 11 to be in the left position of the two-position three-way solenoid valve, thereby realizing the supply of the control port oil to the hydraulic control check valve connected thereto, Furthermore, the opening of the fluid line of the hydraulic control check valve is controlled; the two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve and the hydraulic control one-way valve are based on the combination of hydraulic control and electric control for complementary control, and the two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve When the liquid control check valve is in the closed state, the two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in the passage state when the hydraulic control check valve is closed, ensuring that the output P5 of the high-pressure fluid and the output P2 of the low-pressure fluid are in different pipelines; Two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve and two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve The same control signal is controlled.
  • the two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve When the two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in the circulation position, the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in the convection position, that is, the right position, thereby controlling the corresponding plenum chamber to be in a non-supercharging state; When the two-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in the blocking position, the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve is in the oblique position or the left position, thereby controlling the corresponding pressurized chamber to be in a pressurized state;
  • the pressurized fluid circuit control component further includes a one-way valve, and the pressurized fluid inlet P1 and the first-stage pressurized chamber C2 are connected with a check valve 6-1, a pressurized fluid inlet P1 and a secondary
  • the oil passage connected to the plenum chamber C3 is provided with a check valve 2-6-2, and the pressurized fluid inlet P1 is connected with the third-stage plenum chamber C4 with a check valve 3-6-3;
  • the chamber C2 is connected with the first hydraulic control check valve 7-1 and the oil inlet of the first two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 8-1, and is provided with a check valve four 6-4, a secondary pressurized chamber.
  • the oil passage connected to the oil inlet of the second hydraulically controlled check valve 7-2 and the second two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 8-2 is provided with a one-way valve five 6-5, a three-stage pressurized chamber.
  • the oil passage connected to the oil inlet of the third hydraulically controlled check valve 7-3 and the third two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve 8-3 is provided with a check valve six 6-6.
  • the one-way valve added on the front and rear sides of the plenum chamber prevents the working fluid from flowing back to the pressure chambers C2, C3 and C4 of each stage to ensure the supercharging efficiency and precision.
  • an electromagnetic stroke limit switch 2 is provided at the limit positions of both ends of the hydraulic oil chamber C1 on both sides, and the electromagnetic stroke limit switch 2 is connected with the signal of the controller 11.
  • the transfer piston 1 moves to the limit position of the oil chamber at both ends to touch the contact of the electromagnetic stroke limit switch 2, the electromagnetic stroke limit switch 2 sends an electric signal to the controller 11, and the controller 11 feeds back the signal to the third place.
  • the primary piston rod 12, the secondary piston rod 4 and the tertiary piston rod 13 are all of a uniform diameter.
  • the tertiary piston rod 13 and the tertiary booster piston 14 are plunger mechanisms.
  • the supercharger uses a seal, a support ring and a guide ring for guiding sealing; a position requiring a two-way seal is a rectangle made of a highly wear-resistant PTFE composite material.
  • the two-way rubber combined slip ring seal ring formed by the ring and the O-shaped rubber seal ring is sealed, and the position where the one-way seal is required is a step ring and an O-shaped rubber seal made of a highly wear-resistant PTFE composite material.
  • the one-way rubber combined slip ring seal formed by the ring is sealed.
  • the booster process of the supercharger is briefly described by taking the booster's left end oil line boost 8/5 as an example.
  • the transfer piston 1 Before loading, the transfer piston 1 is in the neutral position, and the hydraulic oil output from the hydraulic pump station reaches the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 10 through P3.
  • the programmed controller 11 sends a signal to it, and the electromagnetic coil generates electromagnetic The force pulls the spool from the neutral position to the left, so that the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 10 is shifted from the neutral position to the left position, and the controller signal controls the three-position four-way reversing valve 10 to be in the left position, and according to the boost ratio requirement Control the second two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 9-2 in the convection position and the right position in the figure, while the second two-position two-way reversing valve 8-2 is in the circulation position and the upper position in the figure, the first two positions
  • the two-way electromagnetic reversing valve and the third two-position two-way electromagnetic reversing valve are in the oblique position, that is, the left position in the figure,
  • the hydraulic oil that has flowed in through the hydraulic oil inlet port P3 passes through the left position of the three-position four-way reversing valve 10 and reaches the diverting node a, and a part of the hydraulic oil passes through the second two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 9-2 to the right.
  • the side hydraulic oil chamber C1 pushes the transfer piston 1 to the right, and the other part of the hydraulic oil passes through the left position of the first two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 9-1 and the third two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve 9-3 respectively Flowing into the control ports of the first pilot check valve 7-1 and the third pilot check valve 7-3, thereby controlling the two pilot valves to open;
  • the fluid to be pressurized passes through the pressurized fluid inlet (P1) Entering, through the one-way valve one, the one-way valve two, the one-way valve three flows into the first-stage plenum chamber C2, the second-stage plenum chamber C3 and the third-stage plenum chamber C4 to perform the liquid absorption process;
  • the controller controls the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 10 to be reversed to the right position, and the hydraulic oil pushes the transfer piston 1 to move to the left to start pressurization; wherein, the first-stage pressurizing chamber C2
  • the hydraulically controlled check valve 3 the two pressurized fluids reach the collecting node b and arrive at the pressurized fluid outlet P5, ready for use by the supply device; and the fluid flowing out of the secondary pressurized chamber C3 passes through the check valve in sequence.
  • the second two-position two-way switching valve 8-2 arrives at the non-pressurized fluid outlet P2 for waste liquid recovery, and reuses it as the case may be.
  • the remaining pressure multipliers can be analogized according to the above process. get on.
  • the controller 11 When unloading, the controller 11 sends a signal to control the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 10, and the electromagnetic coil generates electromagnetic force to release the spool from the two sides to the neutral position, so that the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 10 is from both sides.
  • the position is reversed to the neutral position, and all the other electromagnetic reversing valves are simultaneously set, at which time the supercharger stops working.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

一种增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，包括多级增压结构部分、液压油回路及其控制部件、增压流体回路及其控制部件；多级增压结构包括液压腔（C1）、一级增压腔（C2）、二级增压腔（C3）和三级增压腔（C4）；液压油回路及其控制部件包括电磁行程限位开关、三位四通电磁换向阀（10）、控制器（11）、液压油进油口（P3）和液压油回油口（P4）；增压流体回路及其控制部件包括单向阀、液控单向阀、二位二通电磁换向阀、增压流体入口（P1）、非增压流体出口（P2）和增压流体出口（P5）。该增压比可变型多级多用途液压增压器通过多级控制可实现在控制器的作用下不更换增压器的同时，输出不同增压比例的高压流体且非仅限于水或液压油，扩大了增压器的使用范围与增压环境，能够达到一器多压、一器多用的效果。

Description

一种增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种增压器，具体涉及一种增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，属于液压控制装置技术领域。
背景技术
工业设备中的液压驱动系统一般分为低压系统和高压系统两种，在低压系统驱动的设备中如有个别部件需要高压系统驱动，就需在低压系统中分支一个油路，在此油路上安装液压增加器，从而使低压系统的低压力油转换成高压系统所需的高压力油甚至超高压力油，方便实用。
传统的液压增压器包括基座、低压缸、连接阀、高压缸、缸盖、活塞、柱塞以及电磁换向阀等控制工具，通过面积大小不一的活塞与柱塞组成不同增压倍数的液压增压器，使用液压油驱动面积大的活塞一端，使其推动面积较小的柱塞进行移动，与柱塞相配合的高压缸则可以输出高压液压油。但是传统的增压器，比如机床上的增压器只能进行一次增压，之后需要进行回程重新增压，不能进行连续的增压。并且当需要使用不同倍数的增压压力时必须进行增压器的拆卸与更换才能达到理想效果，拆装过程繁琐，费时费力，缺乏经济性和实用性。此外，传统的增压器大多只有一个进油口、一个回油口和一个高压油输出口，而增压对象也只适用于液压油，对于不同流体却无法实现增压，限制了使用范围。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，适用于驱动介质与增压介质不同的流体增压，同时具有多种增压倍数，结构简单，便于维修，适用范围广。
为了解决上述问题，本发明一种增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，包括多级增压结构、液压油回路及其控制部件、增压流体回路及其控制部件；多级增压结构包括增压器壳体、连接在增压器壳体两端的高压缸盖、壳体内设有活塞、安装在活塞两端的活塞杆以及连接阀体，增压流体回路中的流体与液压油回路中的流体采用相同或者不同的介质；壳体内的活塞包括传递活塞、两个一级增压活塞、两个二级增压活塞和两个三级增压活塞，传递活塞设在增压器壳体中间，一级增压活塞通过一级活塞杆对称连接在传递活塞的两侧，二级增压活塞通过二级活塞杆对称连接在一级增压活塞的两侧，三级增压活塞通过三级活塞杆对称连接在二级增压活塞的两侧，传递活塞、一级增压活塞、二级增压活塞、三级增压活塞的面积依次 比例减小，传递活塞与两个一级增压活塞分别构成左右两个液压油腔室，两个一级增压活塞与两个二级增压活塞分别构成左右两个一级增压腔室，两个二级增压活塞与两个三级增压活塞分别构成左右两个二级增压腔室，两个三级增压活塞与两侧的高压缸盖之间分别构成左右两个三级增压腔室；
液压油回路包括液压油进油口和液压油回油口，液压油回路控制部件包括一个三位四通电磁换向阀，液压油由进油口进过三位四通换向阀进入一侧液压油腔室另一侧液压油腔室内的液压油经过三位四通电磁换向阀回油至液压油回油口；
增压流体回路包括增压流体入口、非增压流体出口和增压流体出口，增压流体回路控制部件包括液控单向阀、二位二通电磁换向阀和二位三通电磁换向阀，由增压流体入口进入的低压流体分别进入一级增压腔室、二级增压腔室和三级增压腔室，三个二位三通电磁换向阀的右位并联至其中一侧液压油腔室，第一二位三通电磁换向阀的左位与第一液控单向阀的控制口相连，第二二位三通电磁换向阀的左位与第二液控单向阀的控制口相连，第三二位三通电磁换向阀的左位与第三液控单向阀的控制口相连；经一级增压腔室流出的流体分别与第一液控单向阀和第一二位二通电磁换向阀的进油口相连，经二级增压腔室流出的流体分别与第二液控单向阀和第二二位二通电磁换向阀的进油口相连，经三级增压腔室流出的流体分别与第三液控单向阀和第三二位二通电磁换向阀的进油口相连，三个液控单向阀的出油口并联至增压流体出口，三个二位二通电磁换向阀的出油口并联至非增压流体出口；
所述的二位二通电磁换向阀、三位四通电磁换向阀和二位三通电磁换向阀均由控制器信号控制。
增压结构部分采用双向往复运动结构和三级增压结构，推动两侧一级增压腔室进行左右往复运动的是经由液压油进油口进油和液压油回油口回油的且靠两侧液压油腔所推动的传递活塞所传递至一级活塞杆的液压力；推动两侧二级增压腔进行往复运动的是经由经由液压油进油口进油和液压油回油口回油的且靠两侧液压油腔所推动的传递活塞所传递到的一级活塞杆、二级增压活塞与二级活塞杆上的液压力；推动两侧三级增压腔进行往复运动的是经由液压油进油口进油和液压油回油口回油的且靠两侧液压油腔所推动的传递活塞所传递到的一级活塞杆、二级增压活塞、三级活塞杆和三级增压活塞上的液压力；在控制器与各管路分流共同作用下，根据不同增压腔的不同容积变化组合可得到各种不同增压器的增压比组合；液压油经由液压油进油口进油达三位四通电磁换向阀，向右进行增压时，控制器控制三位四通电磁换向阀处于左位，向左进行增压时，控制器控制三位四通电磁换向阀处于右位；无需增压的腔室需由控制器控制与之相连的二位三通电磁阀处于右位，参与液压往复推动的回路油液 供给；需要增压的腔室需由控制器控制与之相连的二位三通电磁阀处于左位，从而实现对与之相连的液控单向阀的控制油口油液供给，进而控制液控单向阀的所在流体管路的开启；二位二通电磁换向阀与液控单向阀是基于液控与电控的结合进行互补控制，二位二通电磁换向阀处于闭合状态时液控单向阀打开，液控单向阀关闭时二位二通电磁换向阀处于通路状态，保证高压流体的输出和低压流体的输出处于不同管路；所述的二位二通电磁换向阀与二位三通电磁换向阀使用同一控制信号进行控制，当二位二通电磁换向阀处于流通位时则二位三通电磁换向阀处于对流位即右位，进而控制对应增压腔室处于非增压状态；二位二通电磁换向阀处于阻断位时，则二位三通电磁换向阀处于斜流位即左位，从而控制对应增压腔室处于增压状态；
进一步的，增压流体回路控制部件还包括单向阀，增压流体入口与一级增压腔室相连的油路上设有单向阀一，增压流体入口与二级增压腔室相连的油路上设有单向阀二，增压流体入口与三级增压腔室相连的油路上设有单向阀三；一级增压腔室与第一液控单向阀和第一二位二通电磁换向阀的进油口相连的油路上设单向阀四、二级增压腔室与第二液控单向阀和第二二位二通电磁换向阀的进油口相连的油路上设有单向阀五，三级增压腔室与第三液控单向阀和第三二位二通电磁换向阀的进油口相连的油路上设有单向阀六。
增压腔前后两侧增设的单向阀可以防止工作流体倒流回各级增压腔室，保证增压效率和精度。
进一步的，两侧液压油腔室的两端极限位置设有电磁行程极限开关，电磁行程极限开关与控制器信号相连。
传递活塞运动至两端油液腔室的极限位置将触碰电磁行程限位开关的触点，电磁行程限位开关向控制器发出电信号，控制器反馈信号给三位四通电磁换向阀，使其通电换向，进油口管路将液压油向另一侧的油液腔室进行供给，完成一次往复运动，然后依此过程进行下一次往复运动，从而进行增压器自动换向，无需人为干预。
为了便于安装制造，一级活塞杆、二级活塞杆和三级活塞杆均采用统一直径。
优选的，三级活塞杆和三级增压活塞为柱塞机构。
为了进一步提高增压器的密封效果，所述的增压器使用密封件、支撑环与导向环进行导向密封；需要双向密封的位置采用由高耐磨聚四氟乙烯复合材料制作而成的矩形圈与O形橡胶密封圈组而成的双向橡胶组合式滑环密封圈进行密封，需要单向密封的位置采用由高耐磨聚四氟乙烯复合材料制作而成的阶梯圈与O形橡胶密封圈组而成的单向橡胶组合式滑环密封圈进行密封。
与现有技术相比，本发明采用双向往复运动结构和三级增压结构，同时采用双流体回路，因此实现了驱动介质与增压介质可采用不同种类的流体，同时利用各个控制部件使增压器实现自动换向加压，节省增压时间，无需更换增压部件就可以自动实现六种不同增压比例的自动增压，扩大了增压器的使用范围与增压环境，能够达到一器多用、一器多压的效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构原理示意图；
图中：1、传递活塞；2、电磁行程限位开关；3、一级增压活塞；4、二级活塞杆；5、二级增压活塞；6-1、单向阀一；6-2、单向阀二；6-3、单向阀三；6-4、单向阀四；6-5、单向阀五；6-6、单向阀六；7-1、第一液控单向阀；7-2第二液控单向阀；7-3、第三液控单向阀；8-1、第一二位二通电磁换向阀；8-2、第二二位二通电磁换向阀；8-3、第三二位二通电磁换向阀；9-1、第一二位三通电磁换向阀；9-2、第二二位三通电磁换向阀；9-3、第三二位三通电磁换向阀；10、三位四通电磁换向阀；11、控制器；12、一级活塞杆；13、三级活塞杆；14、三级增压活塞；
C1、液压油腔室；C2、一级增压腔室；C3、二级增压腔室；C4、三级增压腔室；
P1、增压流体入口；P2、非增压流体出口；P3、液压油进油口；P4、液压油回油口；P5、增压流体出口；
a、分流节点；b集流节点。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做详细的阐述。
如图1所示，一种增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，包括多级增压结构、液压油回路及其控制部件、增压流体回路及其控制部件；多级增压结构包括增压器壳体、连接在增压器壳体两端的高压缸盖、壳体内设有活塞、安装在活塞两端的活塞杆以及连接阀体，增压流体回路中的流体与液压油回路中的流体采用相同或者不同的介质；壳体内的活塞包括传递活塞1、两个一级增压活塞3、两个二级增压活塞5和两个三级增压活塞14，传递活塞1设在增压器壳体中间，一级增压活塞3通过一级活塞杆12对称连接在传递活塞1的两侧，二级增压活塞5通过二级活塞杆4对称连接在一级增压活塞3的两侧，三级增压活塞14通过三级活塞杆13对称连接在二级增压活塞5的两侧，传递活塞1、一级增压活塞3、二级增压活塞5、三级增压活塞14的面积依次比例减小，传递活塞1与两个一级增压活塞3分别构成左右两个液压油腔室C1，两个一级增压活塞3与两个二级增压活塞分5别构成左右两个一级增压腔室C2，两个二级增压活塞5与两个三级增压活塞14分别构成左右两个二级增压腔室C3，两 个三级增压活塞14与两侧的高压缸盖之间分别构成左右两个三级增压腔室C4；
液压油回路包括液压油进油口P3和液压油回油口P4，液压油回路控制部件包括一个三位四通电磁换向阀10，液压油由进油口P3进过三位四通换向阀10进入一侧液压油腔室C1另一侧液压油腔室C1内的液压油经过三位四通电磁换向阀10回油至液压油回油口P4；
增压流体回路包括增压流体入口P1、非增压流体出口P2和增压流体出口P5，增压流体回路控制部件包括液控单向阀、二位二通电磁换向阀和二位三通电磁换向阀，由增压流体入口P1进入的低压流体分别进入一级增压腔室C2、二级增压腔室C3和三级增压腔室C4，三个二位三通电磁换向阀的右位并联至其中一侧液压油腔室C1，第一二位三通电磁换向阀9-1的左位与第一液控单向阀7-1的控制口相连，第二二位三通电磁换向阀9-2的左位与第二液控单向阀7-2的控制口相连，第三二位三通电磁换向阀9-3的左位与第三液控单向阀7-3的控制口相连；经一级增压腔室C2流出的流体分别与第一液控单向阀7-1和第一二位二通电磁换向阀8-1的进油口相连，经二级增压腔室C3流出的流体分别与第二液控单向阀7-2和第二二位二通电磁换向阀8-2的进油口相连，经三级增压腔室C4流出的流体分别与第三液控单向阀7-3和第三二位二通电磁换向阀8-3的进油口相连，三个液控单向阀的出油口并联至增压流体出口P5，三个二位二通电磁换向阀的出油口并联至非增压流体出口P2；
所述的二位二通电磁换向阀、三位四通电磁换向阀10和二位三通电磁换向阀均由控制器11信号控制。
增压结构部分采用双向往复运动结构和三级增压结构，推动两侧一级增压腔室C2进行左右往复运动的是经由液压油进油口P3进油和液压油回油口P4回油的且靠两侧液压油腔C1所推动的传递活塞1所传递至一级活塞杆12的液压力；推动两侧二级增压腔C3进行往复运动的是经由经由液压油进油口P3进油和液压油回油口P4回油的且靠两侧液压油腔C1所推动的传递活塞1所传递到的一级活塞杆12、二级增压活塞5与二级活塞杆4上的液压力；推动两侧三级增压腔C4进行往复运动的是经由液压油进油口P3进油和液压油回油口P4回油的且靠两侧液压油腔C1所推动的传递活塞1所传递到的一级活塞杆12、二级增压活塞5、三级活塞杆13和三级增压活塞14上的液压力；在控制器11与各管路分流共同作用下，根据不同增压腔的不同容积变化组合可得到各种不同增压器的增压比组合；液压油经由液压油进油口P3进油达三位四通电磁换向阀10，向右进行增压时，控制器11控制三位四通电磁换向阀10处于左位，向左进行增压时，控制器11控制三位四通电磁换向阀10处于右位；无需增压的腔室需由控制器11控制与之相连的二位三通电磁阀处于右位，参与液压往复推动的回路油液供给；需要增压的腔室需由控制器11控制与之相连的二位三通电磁阀处于左位，从而实现对与之相连的液控单向阀的控制油口油液供给，进而控制液控单向阀的所在流体管路的开 启；二位二通电磁换向阀与液控单向阀是基于液控与电控的结合进行互补控制，二位二通电磁换向阀处于闭合状态时液控单向阀打开，液控单向阀关闭时二位二通电磁换向阀处于通路状态，保证高压流体的输出P5和低压流体的输出P2处于不同管路；所述的二位二通电磁换向阀与二位三通电磁换向阀使用同一控制信号进行控制，当二位二通电磁换向阀处于流通位时则二位三通电磁换向阀处于对流位即右位，进而控制对应增压腔室处于非增压状态；二位二通电磁换向阀处于阻断位时，则二位三通电磁换向阀处于斜流位即左位，从而控制对应增压腔室处于增压状态；
进一步的，增压流体回路控制部件还包括单向阀，增压流体入口P1与一级增压腔室C2相连的油路上设有单向阀一6-1，增压流体入口P1与二级增压腔室C3相连的油路上设有单向阀二6-2，增压流体入口P1与三级增压腔室C4相连的油路上设有单向阀三6-3；一级增压腔室C2与第一液控单向阀7-1和第一二位二通电磁换向阀8-1的进油口相连的油路上设单向阀四6-4、二级增压腔室C3与第二液控单向阀7-2和第二二位二通电磁换向阀8-2的进油口相连的油路上设有单向阀五6-5，三级增压腔室C4与第三液控单向阀7-3和第三二位二通电磁换向阀8-3的进油口相连的油路上设有单向阀六6-6。
增压腔前后两侧增设的单向阀可以防止工作流体倒流回各级增压腔室C2、C3、C4，保证增压效率和精度。
进一步的，两侧液压油腔室C1的两端极限位置设有电磁行程极限开关2，电磁行程极限开关2与控制器11信号相连。
传递活塞1运动至两端油液腔室的极限位置将触碰电磁行程限位开关2的触点，电磁行程限位开关2向控制器11发出电信号，控制器11反馈信号给三位四通电磁换向阀10，使其通电换向，进油口管路将液压油向另一侧的油液腔室进行供给，完成一次往复运动，然后依此过程进行下一次往复运动，从而进行增压器自动换向，无需人为干预。
为了便于安装制造，一级活塞杆12、二级活塞杆4和三级活塞杆13均采用统一直径。
优选的，三级活塞杆13和三级增压活塞14为柱塞机构。
为了进一步提高增压器的密封效果，所述的增压器使用密封件、支撑环与导向环进行导向密封；需要双向密封的位置采用由高耐磨聚四氟乙烯复合材料制作而成的矩形圈与O形橡胶密封圈组而成的双向橡胶组合式滑环密封圈进行密封，需要单向密封的位置采用由高耐磨聚四氟乙烯复合材料制作而成的阶梯圈与O形橡胶密封圈组而成的单向橡胶组合式滑环密封圈进行密封。
假设传递活塞直径：一级增压活塞直径：二级增压活塞直径：三级增压活塞直径＝8:4:2:1，则可增压倍数组合数为六种，即8、4、2、8/3、8/5和8/6；
如图1所示，以增压器左端油路增压8/5为例，简述本增压器的增压过程：
加载时前，传递活塞1处于中位，自液压泵站而输出的液压油经过P3到达三位四通电磁换向阀10，此时编程完毕的控制器11对其发出信号，电磁线圈产生电磁力把滑阀芯从中位往左拉动，使三位四通电磁换向阀10从中位换向左位，控制器信号控制三位四通换向阀10处于左位，并根据增压比要求控制第二二位三通电磁换向阀9-2处于对流位及图中的右位，同时第二二位二通换向阀8-2处于流通位及图中的上位，第一二位二通电磁换向阀和第三二位二通电磁换向阀均处于斜流位即图中的左位，同时第一二位二通换向阀8-1和第三二位二通换向阀8-3处于阻断位及下位；
经过液压油进油口P3流入的液压油通过三位四通换向阀10的左位后到达分流节点a，一部分液压油经过第二二位三通电磁换向阀9-2右位进入左侧液压油腔室C1推动传递活塞1向右移动，另一部分液压油经过第一二位三通电磁换向阀9-1和第三二位三通电磁换向阀9-3的左位分别流入第一液控单向阀7-1和第三液控单向阀7-3的控制油口，从而控制两个液控单向阀打开；待增压流体经过增压流体入口(P1)进入，分别经过单向阀一、单向阀二、单向阀三流入一级增压腔室C2、二级增压腔室C3和三级增压腔室C4进行吸液过程；当传递活塞1移动至右侧极限位置时，控制器控制三位四通电磁换向阀10换向至右位，液压油推动传递活塞1向左移动开始加压；其中，一级增压腔室C2增压后流出的流体依次经过单向阀四、液控单向阀一，三级增压腔室C4增压后的流体依次经过单向阀六、液控单向阀三，两条增压流体到达集流节点b后抵达增压流体出口P5处，准备进行供给设备使用；而二级增压腔室C3流出的流体依次经过单向阀五、第二二位二通换向阀8-2后抵达非增压流体出口P2进行废液回收，视情况进行再次使用与否；同理，所需其余增压倍数则按上述的过程类比即可进行。
卸载时，控制器11发出信号控制三位四通电磁换向阀10，电磁线圈产生电磁力把滑阀芯从两侧位向中位释放，使三位四通电磁换向阀10从两侧位换向中位，其余所有电磁换向阀同时置位，此时增压器停止工作。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，包括多级增压结构、液压油回路及其控制部件、增压流体回路及其控制部件；多级增压结构包括增压器壳体、连接在增压器壳体两端的高压缸盖、壳体内设有活塞、安装在活塞两端的活塞杆以及连接阀体，其特征在于，增压流体回路中的流体与液压油回路中的流体采用相同或者不同的介质；壳体内的活塞包括传递活塞(1)、两个一级增压活塞(3)、两个二级增压活塞(5)和两个三级增压活塞(14)，传递活塞(1)设在增压器壳体中间，一级增压活塞(3)通过一级活塞杆(12)对称连接在传递活塞(1)的两侧，二级增压活塞(5)通过二级活塞杆(4)对称连接在一级增压活塞(3)的两侧，三级增压活塞(14)通过三级活塞杆(13)对称连接在二级增压活塞(5)的两侧，传递活塞(1)、一级增压活塞(3)、二级增压活塞(5)、三级增压活塞(14)的面积依次比例减小，传递活塞(1)与两个一级增压活塞(3)分别构成左右两个液压油腔室(C1)，两个一级增压活塞(3)与两个二级增压活塞分(5)别构成左右两个一级增压腔室(C2)，两个二级增压活塞(5)与两个三级增压活塞(14)分别构成左右两个二级增压腔室(C3)，两个三级增压活塞(14)与两侧的高压缸盖之间分别构成左右两个三级增压腔室(C4)；
    液压油回路包括液压油进油口(P3)和液压油回油口(P4)，液压油回路控制部件包括一个三位四通电磁换向阀(10)，液压油由进油口(P3)进过三位四通换向阀(10)进入一侧液压油腔室(C1)另一侧液压油腔室(C1)内的液压油经过三位四通电磁换向阀(10)回油至液压油回油口(P4)；
    增压流体回路包括增压流体入口(P1)、非增压流体出口(P2)和增压流体出口(P5)，增压流体回路控制部件包括液控单向阀、二位二通电磁换向阀和二位三通电磁换向阀，由增压流体入口(P1)进入的低压流体分别进入一级增压腔室(C2)、二级增压腔室(C3)和三级增压腔室(C4)，三个二位三通电磁换向阀的右位并联至其中一侧液压油腔室(C1)，第一二位三通电磁换向阀(9-1)的左位与第一液控单向阀(7-1)的控制口相连，第二二位三通电磁换向阀(9-2)的左位与第二液控单向阀(7-2)的控制口相连，第三二位三通电磁换向阀(9-3)的左位与第三液控单向阀(7-3)的控制口相连；经一级增压腔室(C2)流出的流体分别与第一液控单向阀(7-1)和第一二位二通电磁换向阀(8-1)的进油口相连，经二级增压腔室(C3)流出的流体分别与第二液控单向阀(7-2)和第二二位二通电磁换向阀(8-2)的进油口相连，经三级增压腔室(C4)流出的流体分别与第三液控单向阀(7-3)和第三二位二通电磁换向阀(8-3)的进油口相连，三个液控单向阀的出油口并联至增压流体出口(P5)，三个二位二通电磁换向阀的出油口并联至非增压流体出口(P2)；
    所述的二位二通电磁换向阀、三位四通电磁换向阀(10)和二位三通电磁换向阀均由控制器(11)信号控制。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，其特征在于，增压流体回路控制部件还包括单向阀，增压流体入口(P1)与一级增压腔室(C2)相连的油路上设有单向阀一(6-1)，增压流体入口(P1)与二级增压腔室(C3)相连的油路上设有单向阀二(6-2)，增压流体入口(P1)与三级增压腔室(C4)相连的油路上设有单向阀三(6-3)；一级增压腔室(C2)与第一液控单向阀(7-1)和第一二位二通电磁换向阀(8-1)的进油口相连的油路上设单向阀四(6-4)、二级增压腔室(C3)与第二液控单向阀(7-2)和第二二位二通电磁换向阀(8-2)的进油口相连的油路上设有单向阀五(6-5)，三级增压腔室(C4)与第三液控单向阀(7-3)和第三二位二通电磁换向阀(8-3)的进油口相连的油路上设有单向阀六(6-6)。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，其特征在于，两侧液压油腔室(C1)的两端极限位置设有电磁行程极限开关(2)，电磁行程极限开关(2)与控制器(11)信号相连.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，其特征在于，一级活塞杆(12)、二级活塞杆(4)和三级活塞杆(13)均采用统一直径。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，其特征在于，三级活塞杆(13)和三级增压活塞(14)为柱塞机构。
  6. 如权利要求1至5任一权利要求所述的增压比可变的多级多用途液压增压器，其特征在于，所述的增压器使用密封件、支撑环与导向环进行导向密封；需要双向密封的位置采用由高耐磨聚四氟乙烯复合材料制作而成的矩形圈与O形橡胶密封圈组而成的双向橡胶组合式滑环密封圈进行密封，需要单向密封的位置采用由高耐磨聚四氟乙烯复合材料制作而成的阶梯圈与O形橡胶密封圈组而成的单向橡胶组合式滑环密封圈进行密封。
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