WO2019201805A1 - Source de lumière pour générer des impulsions lumineuses présentant une durée d'impulsion courte, et procédé pour générer une impulsion lumineuse courte au moyen d'une source de lumière - Google Patents

Source de lumière pour générer des impulsions lumineuses présentant une durée d'impulsion courte, et procédé pour générer une impulsion lumineuse courte au moyen d'une source de lumière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019201805A1
WO2019201805A1 PCT/EP2019/059544 EP2019059544W WO2019201805A1 WO 2019201805 A1 WO2019201805 A1 WO 2019201805A1 EP 2019059544 W EP2019059544 W EP 2019059544W WO 2019201805 A1 WO2019201805 A1 WO 2019201805A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
emitting diode
push
potential
pull circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/059544
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
André SROWIG
Original Assignee
Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to DE112019001975.9T priority Critical patent/DE112019001975A5/de
Priority to CN201980025895.5A priority patent/CN111989833A/zh
Publication of WO2019201805A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019201805A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/39—Circuits containing inverter bridges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/484—Transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/502—LED transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/508—Pulse generation, e.g. generation of solitons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

Definitions

  • Light source for generating light pulses with a short pulse duration and method for generating a short light pulse by means of a light source
  • the present invention relates to a light source for generating light pulses with a short pulse duration in the nanosecond range, in particular for use in a vehicle. It comprises a light-emitting diode for generating the light pulses and a push-pull circuit for controlling and powering the light-emitting diode.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for generating a short light pulse by means of a light-emitting diode and a push-pull circuit.
  • the support of the driver is becoming increasingly important.
  • the support ranges from driver assistance systems to the autonomous driving of vehicles.
  • systems are used for optical distance and speed measurement.
  • the LIDAR system Light Detection and Ranging
  • the LI DAR systems will play an even more important role in the future in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and in autonomous driving.
  • ADAS advanced driver assistance systems
  • the prevailing strict requirements for functional safety require reliable and sensitive systems so that the right decisions are made even in extreme situations.
  • the systems therefore require very short light pulses in many fields of application.
  • expensive laser diodes are often used to enable pulses whose pulse duration is less than about 10 ns.
  • a main application of such pulsed light sources is the measurement of the light transit time for distance determination, as used, for example, in what is known as the Flash LIDAR.
  • LIDAR systems generally use deflectable laser beams which are guided by mirrors.
  • the lasers used have the problem of high energy density to build systems with a long range. Lasers with high energy density can damage the eyes, so that the light output is governed by legal requirements.
  • Flash LIDAR systems today use dedicated infrared pulse sources. They are limited in their range and sensitivity by the legally limited transmission power to maintain eye safety. Due to the given boundary conditions, the importance of pulsed light sources with short light pulses for the time of flight measurement increases, which is necessary for distance determination or distance determination. The effi ciency of the light transit time measurements is also determined by the pulse length. A Shortening the pulse length increases the efficiency, because with a constant average light output, a higher range can be achieved.
  • the LIDAR systems known in the automotive art in the prior art are generally constructed with dedicated lighting sources. For reasons of acceptance, one is restricted to the invisible wavelength range and at the same time has to make do with the small dimensions which are predetermined by the space available in the vehicle. Both limitations have a decreasing effect on the maximum transmission power and thus also on the performance of the systems, taking into account the limits for the radiation power due to the avoidable damage to the eyes.
  • LED pulses are generated in the prior art by switchable current sources or voltage sources.
  • the achievable rise and fall times of the light pulses are typically of the order of 10 ns.
  • this limit results from the diode-dependent transfer of the junction capacitance in conjunction with parasitic components of the diodes and their terminals.
  • EP 0 470 780 A1 describes a device for improving the pulse shape of an LED, in particular the leading edge.
  • four bipolar transistors are connected in an H-bridge circuit to operate a light emitting diode, LED.
  • the disclosed circuit must have two resistors in the reverse direction in order to avoid cross-talk as a result of use. to limit currents in the two H-bridges.
  • the proposed circuit must include a current source that requires the integration of at least one other current source transistor into the circuit.
  • the circuit shown is thus not supplied with power, but supplied with power from the existing power source.
  • additional power sources cause additional on-chip footprint when the circuit is integrated into an integrated microelectronic circuit.
  • the LED is operated in the switched-off state when the first high-side transistor of the first half-bridge is switched off and the second high-side transistor of the second half-bridge is switched off and at the same time the first low-side transistor of the first half-bridge is switched on is while the second low-side transistor of the second half-bridge is turned off.
  • the light-emitting diode is thus connected only with its anode via the first low-side transistor of the first half-bridge to the power source. This is shown in FIG. 1 of EP 0 470 780 A1. Since the cathode of the LED is not charged in this state, the LED is not connected to a power source even when switched off. In order to generate the shortest possible light pulse, shortly after the first high-side transistor and the two low-side transistors are switched on, the second high-side transistor is switched with a delay t and thus takes over part of the current power source. The LED is switched off exclusively via the first low-side transistor. However, the "Aushoffmstrom" is limited by the power source.
  • the discharge process is also hindered by the resistors. The discharge time is thus increased.
  • the circuit is suitable townzu call a particularly steep increase in light output.
  • a short light pulse of the LED or a steep switch-off edge can not be realized with this circuit due to the parasitic effects mentioned above.
  • EP 2 761 978 B1 shows an H-bridge circuit for driving LED lamps with different color and polarity. However, the reversal here serves to select different colors. However, the device is not suitable for emitting short light pulses.
  • EP 0 762 651 A2 describes the switching on of an LED with an initially higher current which is above the then lower operating current. This achieves steep switch-on edges of the light pulse.
  • DE 10 2016 116 718 A1 describes a dimming circuit for LED lights.
  • the combination of a light pulse source with a TOF camera is known for example from DE 10 2014 105 482 A1.
  • JP S 587941 also describes a light source for short light pulses with a driver circuit, in which initially a positive switch-on pulse is generated, followed by a negative voltage pulse for switching off the LED.
  • WO 2016/187566 describes a bipolar drive circuit for laser diodes or LEDs which provides two temporally successive pulses of different polarity and different values to deliver ultrashort light pulses with pulse durations in the range of 100 picoseconds to 2 nanoseconds in a laser diode or LED produce.
  • the US 9,681, 514 B1 and US 9,603,210 B1 each describe control circuits for connecting an LED or light emitting diode, wherein the No. 9,681, 514 B1 discloses a push-pull drive circuit for dimming a light source, in which the output of the push-pull circuit is operated with electrical energy from a positive and a negative supply voltage line.
  • the solution to the problem is based on the recognition that an essential task consists in optimizing the outgoing LED used as a transmitting diode or light source.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to generating as fast as possible flanking light pulses with short rise and fall times.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates not only to producing steep light pulses, but also particularly short light pulses without slow rise or fall times of the pulse width.
  • the parasitic effects of the light-emitting diode lead to longer rise and fall Fall times. This applies in particular to light-emitting diodes in vehicle technology, in particular when the light-emitting diodes are also used for illumination purposes.
  • the present object is achieved with a light source having the features of claim 1 and with a method having the features of claim 16.
  • the proposed technical solution massively shortens the rise and fall times of an LED light pulse and thus makes it possible to generate light pulses which are extremely short and have a pulse duration of a few nanoseconds, preferably less than 2 nanoseconds.
  • the switch-off of the light pulses can be greatly shortened.
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • Expensive laser diodes can in many cases be replaced by LEDs (light emitting diodes).
  • the light source for generating light pulses with a short pulse duration in the nanosecond range comprises a light-emitting diode for generating light pulses and a push-pull circuit for driving and powering the light-emitting diode.
  • the light source may preferably be used in a vehicle, such as to be used as part of a LIDAR system for object recognition and distance measurement.
  • the light-emitting diode of the light source has a first terminal which is connected to an output port of the push-pull circuit.
  • the second terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected to a center potential line, which may preferably be the system ground.
  • the push-pull circuit has a first input port which is connected to a first supply voltage line and its potential. Its second input port is connected to a second supply line and its potential, wherein the second supply line preferably provides a negative potential.
  • the potential between the center potential line (GND) is between the potential of the first supply line and the potential of the second supply line.
  • the push-pull circuit can be switched to a first state in which positive electrical energy of the first supply line is present at the output port. In a second state of the push-pull circuit, negative electrical energy of the second supply line is present at the output port.
  • the push-pull circuit can be switched between the first and the second state.
  • the light emitting diode When the push-pull circuit is switched to the first state and then positive electrical energy is present at the output port, the light emitting diode emits electromagnetic radiation, for example in the form of visible or non-visible light or in the infrared range.
  • the first terminal of the light emitting diode is at a positive potential which is greater than the potential of the middle potential line, which is connected to the second terminal of the light emitting diode.
  • the light source is designed such that the amount of the difference between the potential of the middle potential line and the potential of the first supply line is smaller than the amount of the difference between the potential of the middle potential line and the potential of the second supply line.
  • the amount of the positive voltage applied in the first state to the first terminal of the light-emitting diode (LED) is therefore greater than the amount of the negative voltage which is present in the second state at the first terminal of the light-emitting diode.
  • the LED While in the first state of the push-pull circuit, the LED is turned on, so that the charge carriers are built in the light emitting diode, in the second state of the push-pull circuit at the first terminal of the light emitting diode to a negative voltage.
  • the charge stored in the LED does not have to be dissipated by "radiative recombination” when switched off but mainly by "sucking off” by means of the applied counter field. This eliminates the charge carriers from the space charge zone of the LED. This concern of the negative voltage at the first connection of the light-emitting diode leads to a very fast switching off of the light-emitting diode.
  • a switch-off pulse is generated in the LED, which has a particularly steep edge.
  • the large switch-off edge of the light pulse of the light-emitting diode leads in measuring systems to a large bandwidth and a correspondingly high resolution.
  • the luminous pulse or light pulse of the LED can also be shortened overall since both the rise time and the fall time of the luminous pulse are very short and are preferably less than 1 ns each.
  • the light source according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for use in the vehicle.
  • the push-pull circuit according to the invention has no internal current source, as described, for example, in EP 0 470 780 A1, the parasitic effects and boundary conditions due to the current source also do not occur.
  • the circuit is only voltage controlled, but not current controlled and therefore allows shorter turn-off and thus a steeper edge when turning off.
  • the present invention makes use of the application of this reverse voltage.
  • the magnitude of the negative voltage potential difference between the second supply line and the middle potential line
  • the magnitude of the "flux voltage” operating voltage
  • the countervoltage can assume values which, for example, correspond to twice or three times the value of the forward voltage of the light-emitting diode.
  • higher values of the reverse voltage are possible, for example, five times, ten times or twenty times the flux voltage.
  • reverse voltages or clearing voltages at the light-emitting diode were tested in the context of the invention, with the clearances in ranges of 20 V to 40 V and even up to 60 V, while the forward voltages at 1.2 V for a series connection with few LEDs were realized.
  • the light source according to the invention is therefore particularly well suited as a light transmitter of a LIDAR system.
  • the effect of rapid turn-off and the associated steep cut-off edge creates a particularly wide bandwidth of the system. This leads to a high triggering and to a long range of the measuring system.
  • illumination light-emitting diodes which are used for illumination purposes
  • illumination LEDs While the monofrequency laser diodes radiate coherent radiation and, after the high stimulated emissions have been switched off, a rapid drop of the charge carrier density in the barrier layer occurs, the illumination barrier initially essentially remains in the case of illumination LEDs since the stimulated emission is only very low. As a result, the illumination LEDs light up for a very long time, at least for much longer than laser diodes. Finally, lighting LEDs are developed for long afterglow, also to minimize the perception of flicker due to pulse width modulation (PWM) control.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • a laser diode is in the range of about 50 pF.
  • a lighting LED is a multiple, often in the range of several nanofarads, in particular from 10 nF to 100 nF.
  • the illumination LEDs known in the prior art are generally fluorescence LEDs.
  • a fluorescent layer is illuminated by a UV LED.
  • these LEDs can not be modulated because the fluorescence layer is luminescent.
  • RDG LEDs are therefore often used, in which the white fluorescent fluorescent layer is replaced by three color LEDs whose primary colors are actively mixed to form white light.
  • illumination LEDs are preferably distinguished by a diffuse light emission
  • an individual control and synchronization of the individual LEDs preferably takes place, in particular during the switch-off process, when a negative voltage is applied to the first terminal of the light-emitting diode.
  • the light source comprises three light-emitting diodes, which preferably each have a different color, and three driver circuits (push-pull circuit), so that each LED is driven by a push-pull circuit.
  • the control and synchronization is preferably carried out by a control unit, which controls the control inputs of the LEDs.
  • the application of a magnitude greater reverse voltage than the operating voltage leads to the rapid clearing of the space charge zone of the light-emitting diode, in particular in the case of illumination LEDs.
  • the junction capacitance of the diode is eliminated quickly. This effect is particularly noticeable in light-emitting diodes, which have a high intrinsic capacity and thus inertia.
  • the light emitting diode is not only used as a radiation source or transmitter in a measuring system, but at the same time for lighting purposes, such as headlights or vehicle headlights. These LEDs have a large inertia and self-capacitance, so that the circuit according to the invention is even more effective. Overcoming the inertia of the light source is achieved by driving the LED by means of the push-pull circuit.
  • the first terminal of the light-emitting diode is preferably connected to a third supply voltage via a third switch.
  • the light-emitting diode can then be supplied with electrical energy from the third supply line, wherein the third supply line likewise has a positive potential, that is to say a positive voltage is applied to the first connection. In this way, the LED can be used for lighting purposes.
  • the voltage potential of the third supply line can be selected accordingly.
  • the potential of the third supply line can thus be independent of the potential of the other supply lines, wherein the potential of the first supply line and the potential of the second supply line may differ from each other.
  • the push-pull circuit can be switched to a third state in which the output port of the push-pull circuit is disconnected from the first supply line and from the second supply line. This is preferably done when the light source is operated for lighting purposes.
  • the light source is used as a headlight.
  • the switched-on headlight is switched off whenever a measurement with a measuring system, for example a LIDAR system, takes place. Switching off is generally carried out for a period of less than or equal to 1 ms, preferably in the microsecond range, very preferably in a range of less than 1 mb.
  • the push-pull circuit is first in the first state switched, whereby the LED is turned on again. Subsequently, it is switched to the second state, whereby the switching off of the LED takes place. In this case, the blocking capacity of the light-emitting diode is removed, thus freeing the space charge zone from charge carriers. As described above, this produces a steep cut-off edge for switching off the light-emitting diode. Subsequently, the light-emitting diode is switched back to the lighting mode. Since the switching off of the lighting operation of the light-emitting diode for a period of less than 1 ms, it is not visible to the human eye. The user can not detect a changeover from lighting operation to measuring operation. There is thus no restriction on the use of the light source as a vehicle headlight.
  • the light source has a current monitoring circuit with which the discharge current occurring in the light-emitting diode is monitored when the push-pull circuit is switched to the second state.
  • the countervoltage which is applied to the first terminal of the light-emitting diode is preferably reduced.
  • the back voltage is then reduced to a predetermined continuous-lock voltage value. This is the voltage value at which the LED will not be damaged when operated in reverse operation.
  • the reverse voltage at the light-emitting diode is reduced below the predetermined continuous-locking voltage value.
  • the continuous-lock voltage value depends on the LED used and is either known or can be determined by simple measurements.
  • the light source comprises a voltage monitoring unit which monitors the reverse voltage or reverse voltage applied to the light-emitting diode when the push-pull circuit is switched to the second state.
  • the discharge of the junction capacitance is preferably carried out with an increased voltage via a series resistor, which can be formed by the internal resistance of the discharge voltage source. If the junction capacitance is not yet discharged, then the junction capacitance shorts the voltage across the diode. As the discharge current sinks, the voltage increases. When a predetermined voltage limit value of the voltage across the light-emitting diode is exceeded, the countervoltage is reduced, for example below a predetermined continuous-locking voltage value, preferably to zero.
  • the second supply voltage of the light source can be separated from the output port of the push-pull circuit, so that no voltage in the reverse direction is applied to the light-emitting diode more.
  • the time duration in which the push-pull circuit is switched to the second state is limited.
  • the second state is terminated at a predefinable time, so that it is applied only for a predetermined period of time.
  • the time can be determined or calculated if the exact configuration of the light source with all the parasitic parameters of all circuit elements is previously known.
  • the switch-off time then essentially corresponds to the two above-mentioned times, ie when the discharge current falls below a current limit value or the clearance voltage exceeds a voltage limit value.
  • the predetermined period of time after which the second state of the push-pull circuit is turned off is at most 2 ns long.
  • the time duration is at most 1 ns, more preferably at most 0.5 ns.
  • the predetermined time is at most 0.2 ns, more preferably at most 0.1 ns. However, it may also be lower, for example at most 0.05 ns.
  • the push-pull circuit can preferably be switched to a third state in which the output port is disconnected from both supply lines.
  • the third state of the push-pull circuit, in which the output port is disconnected from both supply lines, is referred to as the tristate state.
  • the light source has a short-circuit line with a fourth switch.
  • the short-circuit line connects the first connection of the light-emitting diode to the second connection of the light-emitting diode, so that the light-emitting diode can be short-circuited when the switch is closed.
  • the short-circuiting of the light-emitting diode takes place only if previously the push-pull circuit is switched to its third state.
  • the light source comprises a measuring unit or voltage monitoring unit which measures the open-circuit voltage applied to the light-emitting diode when the push-pull circuit is switched to the third state.
  • the quiescent voltage is measured when the push-pull circuit has left the second state, so no more negative voltage is applied to the first terminal of the light emitting diode.
  • the quiescent voltage is measured at the light emitting diode between two drive pulses. The measurement thus takes place when the light-emitting diode is no longer switched to the second state and has not yet been switched to the first state for the next measuring pulse.
  • the open circuit voltage at the LED is zero when the push-pull circuit has left the second state and the first terminal of the LED is disconnected from both supply lines, which corresponds to the third state of the push-pull circuit.
  • the space charge zone of the LED is then completely cleared. If the space charge zone still contains charges, the rest voltage is different from zero. It is then controlled by adjusting the negative switching pulse at the output port of the push-pull circuit and thus at the first terminal of the light emitting diode.
  • the quiescent voltage is regulated to zero or to a practically negligible value, preferably by fine-tuning or fine-timing of the charge or discharge pulses (positive voltage pulse or negative voltage pulse at the first terminal of the LED).
  • the control can be carried out by means of a controller or a control unit.
  • the middle potential ie the potential of the center potential line, can be shifted or changed.
  • the switching duration during which the push-pull circuit is switched to the first state is at most 0.5 ns.
  • the switching duration is particularly preferably not more than 0.2 ns, more preferably not more than 0.1 ns and particularly preferably 0.05 ns. This makes it possible to achieve a particularly steep rise in the light pulse which is emitted by the light-emitting diode. This is also a prerequisite for emitting the shortest possible light pulse from the light emitting diode.
  • the light emitting diode emits a short pulse of light emitted as electromagnetic radiation in Nanosecond range.
  • the generated light pulse has a pulse duration of at most 1 ns.
  • the light pulse is at most 0.7 ns long.
  • the pulse duration of the light pulse emitted by the light-emitting diode is at most 0.5 ns, more preferably at most 0.3 ns and very preferably at most 0.1 ns. This leads to steep and extremely short light pulses, which are sufficient for a LIDAR system. Since the pulse duration is so short, the height of the light pulse can be very high, since only the entire energy content, ie the transmission power, is subject to certain limits.
  • LIDAR systems can be realized with the light source according to the invention, which have particularly long ranges.
  • the range is twice as large compared to conventional ranges, five times as large to ten times as large for very short pulse durations. With extremely narrow pulses even greater ranges can be achieved.
  • the light source has a charge pump between one of the first or second supply lines and the output port, so that the potential of the corresponding supply line is increased.
  • the charge pump increases the value of the potential of the first and the second supply line.
  • a voltage doubling or multiple duplication can take place. It would also be conceivable to switch the polarity of the voltage.
  • the charge pumps are arranged between the respective supply line and the switching element in the respective line strand, so that the capacitances in the charge pump have no or only a negligible effect on the signal shape for driving the light-emitting diode.
  • the use of charge pumps in the light source results in a potential difference between the outputs of the charge pumps which is greater than the potential difference between the two supply voltages (first supply line and second supply line).
  • the present object is also achieved by a method for generating a light pulse by means of a light-emitting diode, wherein the light-emitting diode can be preferably used for use in a vehicle.
  • the method comprises providing a light source with a light-emitting diode for generating the light pulse and with a push-pull circuit for driving and powering the light-emitting diode, which has a first terminal and a second terminal.
  • the first terminal of the light emitting diode is connected to an output port of the push-pull circuit.
  • the second terminal of the light-emitting diode is connected to a center potential line.
  • the push-pull circuit is switched to a first state, in which the output port of the push-pull circuit is connected to a first supply line and thus supplies the light-emitting diode with electrical energy.
  • the potential of the first supply line is positive and greater than the potential of the middle potential line.
  • the push-pull circuit remains in the first state for a first time period.
  • the first time period is usually at most 1 ns, preferably at most 0.2 ns.
  • the push-pull circuit is switched from the first state to a second state, in which the output port of the push-pull circuit is connected to the second supply line.
  • the connection of the output port to the first supply line is disconnected.
  • the potential of the second supply line is negative and smaller than the potential of the middle potential line.
  • the push-pull circuit remains in the second state for a second time period, which is preferably also at most 1 ns, preferably at most 0.5 ns.
  • the second time period corresponds to the time up to which the discharge current does not fall below a predetermined current limit value or the countervoltage at the light-emitting diode does not exceed a predetermined voltage limit value.
  • the second time period can also be equal to a predetermined value, which can be determined or calculated with knowledge of all parasitic parameters of the overall configuration.
  • the light source is designed and arranged such that the magnitude of the difference between the potential of the center potential line and the potential of the first supply line is smaller than the amount of the difference between the potential of the center potential line and the potential of the second supply line. In other words, the light source is switched such that the blocking voltage or clearing voltage, which is applied to the light emitting diode, is greater than the operating voltage of the light emitting diode, preferably by a multiple greater.
  • the first and second time periods of the method are selected such that the light emitting diode emits a light pulse whose pulse duration is at most 1.5 ns, preferably at most 1.0 ns.
  • the pulse duration of the light pulse of the light-emitting diode is at most 0.7 ns, preferably at most 0.5 ns, more preferably at most 0.2 ns and particularly preferably at most 0.1 ns. The goal here is to generate a light pulse corresponding to the requirements of a measuring system by means of the light emitting diode of the light source.
  • the following steps are carried out: switching the push-pull circuit into a third state, in which both supply lines are separated from the output port.
  • the closing of a third switch connects the first terminal of the light-emitting diode to a third supply line, the potential of the third supply line being positive. This results in a radiation of electromagnetic radiation of the light emitting diode for illumination purposes.
  • the light-emitting diode or the light source can therefore be used in particular for illumination purposes, for example as a headlight of a vehicle.
  • the potential of the third supply line may deviate from the potential of the other supply lines.
  • the push-pull circuit is switched to its third state, in which both suppliers supply lines are separated from the output port.
  • the closing of a fourth switch closes a short-circuit line between the first terminal of the light-emitting diode and the second terminal of the light-emitting diode and thus short-circuits the light-emitting diode.
  • the third switch and the fourth switch must not both be closed, which is obvious to the person skilled in the art.
  • the control of the light source according to the invention is designed accordingly.
  • the switching of the push-pull circuit to the third state is done by disconnecting the supply line from the output port.
  • This separation is carried out according to the invention by opening the switching elements of the push-pull circuit.
  • the method comprises the following steps: monitoring the discharge current occurring at the light-emitting diode while the push-pull circuit is switched to the second state; Detecting an undershooting of a predetermined current limit value; Reducing the voltage applied to the first terminal of the light-emitting diode, preferably to a predetermined continuous-locking voltage value, particularly preferably to a voltage value lying below the predetermined continuous-locking voltage value.
  • the method may comprise the following steps: monitoring the voltage applied to the light-emitting diode while the push-pull circuit is switched to the second state; Detecting an exceeding of a predetermined voltage limit value; Reducing the voltage applied to the first terminal of the light-emitting diode, preferably to a predetermined continuous-off voltage value, particularly preferably to a voltage value lying below the predetermined continuous-off voltage value; or disconnecting the second supply voltage from the output port of the push-pull circuit.
  • a measuring device is used for measuring the open circuit voltage of the light emitting diode.
  • the rest voltage is measured at the light emitting diode when the push-pull circuit has left the second state and the first state has not yet (re) occupied.
  • the push-pull circuit is preferably switched to the third state in which the switching elements or transistors of the push-pull circuit block and preferably none of the supply lines is connected to the light-emitting diode.
  • the method comprises the further step: adjusting the voltage at the first terminal of the light-emitting diode, preferably by means of a regulator, when the push-pull circuit is switched to the first state and / or switched to the second state, optionally until the Idle voltage at the LED is zero.
  • the adaptation preferably takes place by changing the voltage at the output port of the push-pull circuit, particularly preferably by the use of a charge pump.
  • control pulses are adapted in the second state of the push-pull circuit, preferably by changing the edge steepness or the pulse duration of the control pulses which are applied to the first terminal of the light-emitting diode.
  • the light emitting diode emits electromagnetic radiation when it is supplied with positive electrical energy. Although it is theoretically correct that a LED also emits electromagnetic radiation to a small extent when it is biased in the reverse direction. This purely theoretical consideration was disregarded, so that the light-emitting diode is regarded here as an ideal insofar as it only emits light when energized in one direction, which corresponds to the practice-relevant case.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the light source according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the light source according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the light source according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the light source according to the invention with charge pumps
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the light source according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows the simulation of the current through an LED of the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows a light source according to the invention with a push-pull circuit 2 and a light-emitting diode 3.
  • the push-pull circuit 2 is used for driving and powering the light-emitting diode 3.
  • the light emitting diode has a first terminal 10, which is the anode.
  • a second terminal 12 of the light-emitting diode 3 forms the cathode.
  • the first terminal 10 of the light-emitting diode 3 is connected to an output port 20 of the push-pull circuit 2.
  • the second terminal 12 is connected to a center potential line 14, which is also referred to as Ground (GND).
  • GND Ground
  • the center potential line 14 is the system ground.
  • the push-pull circuit 2 has a first input port 22 and a second input port 24.
  • the push-pull circuit 2 has two switching elements 26.
  • the switching element 26 between the first input port 22 and the output port 20 is a first transistor 28.
  • Between the output port 20 and the second input port 24, the switching element 26 is a second transistor 30.
  • the two transistors 28, 30 are each controlled via a control terminal 32 and 34.
  • the control terminals are controlled by a control unit 36, which is used to drive the light source 1.
  • a control unit 36 which is used to drive the light source 1.
  • the first transistor 28 of the push-pull circuit 2 can be switched via the first control terminal 32 by means of the first control electrode 38 in a first or a second state.
  • the first input port 22 of the push-pull circuit is connected to the output port 20 in a lower-impedance manner than in a second state.
  • the low-resistance state in which the first transistor 28 turns on is referred to as on-state.
  • the first input port 22 is connected to the first supply line 42.
  • the potential of the first supply line 42 is positive, so that a positive voltage is applied to the anode (first terminal 10) of the light-emitting diode 3 and the light-emitting diode 3 electromagnetic radiation in the form of light (visible or invisible) or emit infrared radiation or ultraviolet radiation.
  • the first control electrode 38 switches the first transistor 28 to high impedance, in any case higher impedance than in the first state, a second state of the first transistor 28 is reached, which is referred to as the off state.
  • the first supply line 42 is then separated from the output port 20 of the push-pull circuit 2, in any case so high impedance that the LED 3 does not light and emits no or in practice only negligible electromagnetic radiation.
  • the second transistor 30 can also be switched by the control unit 36 via the second control terminal 34 and a second control electrode 40 into a low-impedance on state or a high-impedance off state. In the on state, the second transistor is lower impedance than in the off state, so that the output port 20 is connected to a second supply line 44 via the second input port 24.
  • the second supply line 44 is also referred to as (-VCC) and has a potential which is lower than the potential of the first supply line 42.
  • the potential of the second supply line 44 is negative.
  • the potential of the middle potential line 14 lies between the potential of the first supply line 42 and the potential of the second supply line 44.
  • the second supply line 44 is connected to the output port 20 via the low-resistance switched second transistor 30, so that the negative potential is applied to the first terminal 10 (anode) of the light-emitting diode 3.
  • the LED 3 is thus operated in the reverse direction.
  • the first transistor 28 is low-resistance, while the second transistor 30 is switched to high impedance. This is done by the control unit 36, which may be part of the light source 1, or a separate component.
  • the control unit 36 which may be part of the light source 1, or a separate component.
  • the light emitting diode 3 radiates electromagnetic radiation.
  • the second transistor 30 In a second state of the push-pull circuit, the second transistor 30 is switched to low impedance, while the first transistor 28 is switched high impedance. At the anode of the light emitting diode 3 is then the negative potential of the second supply line 44 at. The light emitting diode 3 is operated in the reverse direction, so that in the blocking capacity of the light emitting diode 3 located charge can be eliminated.
  • both transistors 28 and 30 are switched to high impedance, so that there is no connection to one of the two supply lines 42, 44.
  • the invention proposes that the amount of the potential difference between the potential of the first supply line 42 and the center potential of the Center potential line 14 is smaller than the amount of the potential difference between the potential of the second supply line 44 and the middle potential of the center potential line 14. This condition contradicts the statements to be found in the prior art that a high reverse voltage is life-reducing and therefore should be avoided.
  • the push-pull circuit 2 can be switched to the second state only for a certain period of time, during which the potential of the second supply voltage 44 is applied to the first terminal 10 of the light-emitting diode 3. As soon as the space charge zone or the junction capacitance of the light-emitting diode 3 is emptied, ie if there are no more free charge carriers in the space charge zone, the second state of the push-pull circuit 2 must be terminated. For this purpose, for example, the discharge current in the light-emitting diode 3 can be measured or the voltage drop across the light-emitting diode 3. If all the parameters and parasitic parameters of the wiring of the light source 1 are known, the time duration for operating the push-pull circuit 2 in the second state can be determined and the second state can be ended after the predetermined time.
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the light source 1 according to the invention, in which the first terminal 10 of the light emitting diode 3 (anode) is connected via a feed line 46 to a third supply line 48.
  • the switch 50 is arranged, which can also be designed in the form of a transistor. The closing of the third switch 50 establishes the connection of the anode of the light-emitting diode 3 with the third supply line 48.
  • the push-pull circuit 2 is switched to the third state. The LED 3 is then from the third
  • Supply line 48 is powered. This is the case when the light-emitting diode 3 is used for example in continuous operation for lighting purposes, such as a headlight of a vehicle.
  • the potential of the third supply line 48 is positive.
  • the magnitude of the voltage difference between the potential of the third supply line 48 and the potential of the center potential line 14 is less than the magnitude of the voltage difference between the potential of the second supply line 44 and the potential of the center potential line 14.
  • FIG. 3 shows a likewise preferred embodiment in which, in comparison to the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a short-circuit line 52 is additionally connected via the light-emitting diode 3.
  • the short-circuit line 52 has a fourth switch 54, which is referred to as a short-circuit switch.
  • the light-emitting diode 3 and its space charge zone can be normalized in order to prevent avalanche effects, in particular at the edge of the space charging zone.
  • the "normalization” takes place after the removal of the charge carriers from the space charge zone or junction capacitance.
  • the push-pull circuit 2 must be switched to its third state so that its output port 20 is not connected to any of the two supply lines 42, 44.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 can be combined so that the short-circuit line 52 can also be provided if the light-emitting diode 3 is additionally connected to a third supply line 48.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the light source 1, in which a first charge pump 56 is arranged between the first input port 22 of the push-pull circuit 2 and the first supply line 42 in order to increase the potential of the first supply line 42.
  • the charge pump 56 serves to increase the voltage, whereby the potential difference between the first input port 22 of the push-pull circuit and the potential of the middle potential line 14 is increased.
  • a second charge pump 58 is provided according to FIG. 4 in order to increase the magnitude of the potential at the second input port 24.
  • the potential difference between the first input port 22 and the second input port 24 when using the two charge pumps 56 and 58 is greater than the potential difference between the first supply line 42 and the second supply line 44.
  • Another possibility is to use only the second charge pump 58 when the light-emitting diode 3 is to be switched off particularly quickly and, for this purpose, a high reverse voltage must be present in the reverse direction at the light-emitting diode 3.
  • the push-pull circuit 2 should be operated in its third state, for example by using a multiplexer.
  • the control unit 36 signals via a status and / or synchronization signaling 61 to a controller 60 in which state the device (light source 1) is located. This may be a first state in which the first transistor (T1) 28 conducts and the second transistor (T2) 30 blocks. This may be a second state in which the first transistor 28 blocks and the second transistor 30 conducts. This may be a third state in which the first transistor 28 is off and the second transistor 30 is off.
  • the second state follows for a second time period T 2 and then the third state for a third time period T 3 .
  • a measuring device or the controller 60 now measures the residual LED voltage at the first connection 10 at a measurement time in the third time period T 3 in which the push-pull circuit 2 and thus the light source 1 is in the third state the light-emitting diode 3 against the reference potential (center potential line 14 or system ground or GND). If this LED residual voltage is positive, not all charge carriers of the space charge zone of the light-emitting diode 3 have been cleared out.
  • the controller 60 then increases the charge removal in the second state or decreases the charge storage in the first state. The increase in charge removal is preferred.
  • a first possibility is that the controller 60 extends the second period T 2 to increase the charge removal.
  • the controller 60 signals via a first signaling line 62, this extension of the second time period T 2 to the control unit 36th
  • a second possibility is that the regulator 60 further lowers the negative voltage at the second input port 24 of the push-pull circuit 2, thus increasing the amount of the negative voltage, in order to increase the charge drainage.
  • the controller 60 signals, for example via a second signaling line 63, this reduction to the second charge pump 58 or another suitable voltage regulation of the potential of the second input port 24.
  • a third, less preferred option is that the regulator 60 reduces the positive voltage at the first input port 22 to reduce charge storage.
  • the controller 60 signals, for example via a third signaling line 64, this reduction to the first charge pump 56 or another suitable voltage regulation of the potential of the first input port 22.
  • the controller 60 then decreases the charge removal in the second state of the push-pull circuit 2 or increases the charge storage in the first state of the push-pull circuit 2. The reduction of the charge removal is preferred.
  • a further preferred possibility for regulating the open circuit voltage of the light-emitting diode 3 is that the regulator 60 shortens the second time period T 2 in order to reduce the charge removal.
  • the controller 60 signals This shortening of the second time period T 2 to the control unit 36 via the first signaling line 62.
  • controller 60 further increases the negative voltage at the second input port 24 in order to reduce the charge removal, that is, reduces the amount of the negative voltage.
  • the regulator 60 sigals, for example via the second signaling line 63, this increase to the second charge pump (58) or another suitable voltage regulation of the potential of the second input port 24.
  • a third, less preferred option is for the charge storage increase regulator 60 to increase the positive voltage at the first input port 22.
  • the controller 60 signals, for example, via the third signaling line 64, this increase in the voltage to the first charge pump 56 or other suitable voltage regulation of the potential at the first input port 22.
  • the controller 60 is a PID controller or a controller with integrating control characteristic, which controls the residual LED voltage to zero.
  • the adaptation and regulation of the quiescent voltage of the light-emitting diode 3 as well as the components necessary for this according to FIG. 5 can be combined with one or more of the embodiments according to FIGS. 2 to 4. It is also possible to combine all the embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 5.
  • FIG. 6 shows a time diagram of a simulation of three different transistor circuits. Here, the current is removed by the light emitting diode 3 according to Figure 1 over time. When using a current driver with 20 mA current instead of a push-pull circuit results for the light emitting diode 3, the current curve c shown in Figure 5.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour générer une impulsion lumineuse courte et une source de lumière (1) pour générer des impulsions lumineuses présentant une durée d'impulsion courte, conçus en particulier pour être utilisés dans un véhicule. La source de lumière comprend une diode lumineuse (3) destinée à générer des impulsions lumineuses et un circuit push-pull (2) destiné à commander la diode lumineuse (3) et à en assurer l'alimentation électrique, cette diode lumineuse (3) comprenant une première borne (10) qui est reliée à un port de sortie (20) du circuit push-pull (2), et une deuxième borne (12), le circuit push-pull (2) pourra être commuté vers un premier état dans lequel une énergie électrique positive d'une première ligne d'alimentation (42) est présente au niveau d'un port de sortie (20) du circuit push-pull (2) et la diode lumineuse (3) émet un rayonnement électromagnétique, et vers un deuxième état dans lequel une énergie électrique négative de la deuxième ligne d'alimentation (44) est présente au niveau du port de sortie (20). La différence entre le potentiel d'une ligne à potentiel centrale (14) au niveau de la deuxième borne (12) de la diode lumineuse (3) et le potentiel de la première ligne d'alimentation (42) est inférieure à la différence entre le potentiel de la ligne à potentiel centrale (14) et le potentiel de la deuxième ligne d'alimentation (44).
PCT/EP2019/059544 2018-04-16 2019-04-12 Source de lumière pour générer des impulsions lumineuses présentant une durée d'impulsion courte, et procédé pour générer une impulsion lumineuse courte au moyen d'une source de lumière WO2019201805A1 (fr)

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DE112019001975.9T DE112019001975A5 (de) 2018-04-16 2019-04-12 Lichtquelle zur erzeugung von lichtpulsen mit einer kurzen pulsdauer und verfahren zum erzeugen eines kurzen lichtpulses mittels einer lichtquelle
CN201980025895.5A CN111989833A (zh) 2018-04-16 2019-04-12 用于产生具有短脉冲持续时间的光脉冲的光源以及利用光源产生短光脉冲的方法

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DE102018108910.4 2018-04-16
DE102018108910.4A DE102018108910B3 (de) 2018-04-16 2018-04-16 Lichtquelle für kurze LED-Lichtpulse und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Lichtpulsen

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DE102020202604A1 (de) 2020-02-28 2021-09-02 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Elektrische Schaltungsanordnung zur aktiven Stromaufteilung
CN117897631A (zh) * 2021-08-30 2024-04-16 株式会社小糸制作所 发光元件的驱动电路、有源传感器、物体识别系统

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