WO2019200634A1 - 一种压电加速度传感器 - Google Patents

一种压电加速度传感器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019200634A1
WO2019200634A1 PCT/CN2018/086266 CN2018086266W WO2019200634A1 WO 2019200634 A1 WO2019200634 A1 WO 2019200634A1 CN 2018086266 W CN2018086266 W CN 2018086266W WO 2019200634 A1 WO2019200634 A1 WO 2019200634A1
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Prior art keywords
housing
acceleration sensor
piezoelectric element
piezoelectric
sensor according
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PCT/CN2018/086266
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
聂泳忠
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西人马联合测控（泉州）科技有限公司
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Application filed by 西人马联合测控（泉州）科技有限公司 filed Critical 西人马联合测控（泉州）科技有限公司
Priority to US16/609,579 priority Critical patent/US10983140B2/en
Publication of WO2019200634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019200634A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/09—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by piezoelectric pick-up
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/09—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by piezoelectric pick-up
    • G01P15/0915—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by piezoelectric pick-up of the shear mode type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of sensor technologies, and in particular, to a piezoelectric acceleration sensor.
  • the piezoelectric sensor is assembled by various structures of different materials, and its output signal is proportional to the vibration acceleration of the system. Therefore, the assembly of various materials of different materials makes the overall contact rigidity of the system insufficient, so that the frequency response characteristics of the piezoelectric sensor are harmonious. Low vibration, affecting the reliability of its output signal.
  • an epoxy bonding method is generally used, which solves the problem between the piezoelectric ceramic and the susceptor. Bonding problem, but the epoxy glue quality and operation requirements between the connecting layers are very high. For example, if the epoxy glue contains impurities or bubbles are generated, the overall rigidity of the product is insufficient, so that the overall rigidity of the sensor is lowered, and the frequency response characteristics are affected. In addition, the gluing process requires a long baking time, which makes the installation cycle very long.
  • Chinese Patent Publication No. CN107688102A discloses a charge output element and a ring-shear piezoelectric acceleration sensor, wherein the charge output element comprises: a base comprising a support portion and a columnar connection portion on the support portion, the connection portion being disposed a mounting hole formed along an axial direction of the connecting portion; a piezoelectric element sleeved outside the connecting portion, an annular gap formed between the piezoelectric element and the connecting portion; a mass block, sleeved in the The piezoelectric element is externally disposed and suspended above the support portion; the pretensioning member is inserted into the annular gap, and the pretensioning member is annularly distributed in the annular gap, and the pretensioning member includes opposite a first end and a second end, the second end is adjacent to the support portion, and the first end has a thickness greater than a thickness of the second end; the fastener includes a columnar portion and a stop portion connected to each other, The column portion cooperates
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the position of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor in the prior art cannot be adjusted, thereby providing a piezoelectric acceleration sensor capable of adjusting the position of the outgoing line.
  • a piezoelectric acceleration sensor including:
  • a housing having a mounting cavity formed therein, and a cable connector is disposed on one side of the housing;
  • Adjusting structure for adjustably connecting the housing position to the object to be tested to adjust a relative position between the object to be tested and the cable connector;
  • a charge output structure is mounted within the mounting cavity for sensing vibration and outputting an electrical signal, the charge output structure being electrically coupled to the cable connector.
  • the adjustment structure is configured to lock the housing and the object to be tested after the housing is rotated relative to the object to be tested to a target position.
  • the axial direction of the charge output structure is disposed in parallel with the axial direction of rotation of the housing.
  • the object to be tested is provided with a threaded hole
  • the adjustment structure includes
  • a bolt disposed on the housing, the bolt is adapted to pass through the first mounting hole, and is coupled to the threaded hole, and the housing rotates around the bolt at the After the position is adjusted on the object, the position of the housing is locked by the bolt engaging the threaded hole.
  • the charge output structure includes
  • a bracket structure including a support portion and a columnar connecting portion formed on the support portion, the connecting portion is provided with a second mounting hole extending along an axial direction of the connecting portion, and the supporting portion is in the mounting a mounting plane in the cavity is perpendicular to a plane in which the cable connector is located;
  • a piezoelectric element sleeved outside the connecting portion, and a gap is formed between the piezoelectric element and the connecting portion;
  • the rod portion of the fastener cooperates with the second mounting hole to lock the bracket structure, the piezoelectric element, the mass, and the head of the fastener abuts against the pretensioning member
  • the pretensioning member provides a radial preload to secure the bracket structure, the piezoelectric element, and the mass.
  • the diameter of the connecting portion gradually decreases from bottom to top.
  • the pretensioning member is an annular wedge structure.
  • the pretensioning member includes at least two wedge blocks that abut each other to form an annular shaped wedge structure.
  • the piezoelectric element includes at least two piezoelectric blocks that abut each other to form an annular piezoelectric element.
  • the mass is an annular structure including an inner annulus and an outer annulus, the inner annulus includes a first inner annulus and a second inner annulus, and an inner diameter of the second inner annulus is greater than the first An inner diameter of the inner annular surface, and a joint between the first inner annular surface and the second inner annular surface forms a stepped surface, and the mass is hung on the outer side of the piezoelectric element through the stepped surface.
  • the piezoelectric element is suspended above the support portion.
  • the piezoelectric acceleration sensor provided by the invention can adjust the structure to adjust the position of the housing to the object to be tested, so that the cable connector can avoid the position of the obstacle, and the position of the cable connector can be Flexible adjustment for easy installation.
  • the present invention provides a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, wherein the adjustment structure is configured to lock the housing and the object to be tested after the housing is rotated to a target position relative to the object to be tested.
  • a structure can adjust the position of the housing relative to the object to be tested, and can lock the housing with the object to be tested, and the structure is simple and compact.
  • a piezoelectric acceleration sensor wherein the object to be tested is provided with a threaded hole; the adjustment structure comprises a first mounting hole, a bolt disposed on the housing, and the a first mounting hole that is coupled to the threaded hole, the housing is rotated about the bolt, and after the position is adjusted on the object to be tested, the shell is matched with the threaded hole by the bolt The position of the body is locked, the structure is simple and compact, and it is easy to process.
  • a piezoelectric acceleration sensor comprising a bracket structure, comprising a support portion and a columnar connecting portion formed on the support portion, the connecting portion being provided along the connecting portion An axially extending second mounting hole, and a mounting plane of the support portion in the mounting cavity is perpendicular to a plane in which the cable connector is located; a piezoelectric element is sleeved outside the connecting portion, Forming a gap between the piezoelectric element and the connecting portion; a mass sleeve sleeved outside the piezoelectric element and suspended above the support portion; a pretensioning member connected in the gap; a fastener, The rod portion of the fastener cooperates with the second mounting hole to lock the bracket structure, the piezoelectric element, the mass, and the head of the fastener abuts the pretensioning member to make the pretension Providing a radial pre-tightening force to fasten the bracket structure, the piezoelectric element,
  • the piezoelectric acceleration sensor of the present invention provides that the diameter of the connecting portion is gradually reduced from bottom to top.
  • the pretensioning member is an annular wedge structure, and the pretensioning member is in the bolt. During the installation process, the top-down movement is performed, and the piezoelectric element is laterally pressed to achieve the purpose of tight fitting.
  • the pretensioning member comprising at least two wedge-shaped blocks that abut each other to form an annular wedge-shaped structure to facilitate installation of the pre-tightening member.
  • a piezoelectric acceleration sensor according to the present invention, the piezoelectric element comprising at least two piezoelectric blocks that abut each other to form an annular piezoelectric element to facilitate mounting of the piezoelectric element.
  • the mass is an annular structure including an inner annular surface and an outer annular surface, the inner annular surface including a first inner annular surface and a second inner annular surface, An inner diameter of the second inner annular surface is larger than an inner diameter of the first inner annular surface, and a junction of the first inner annular surface and the second inner annular surface forms a stepped surface, and the mass passes through the step The surface is hung on the outside of the piezoelectric element to facilitate the application of a shear force to the piezoelectric element by the mass.
  • a piezoelectric acceleration sensor wherein the piezoelectric element is suspended above the support portion, so that the piezoelectric element can quickly generate an electrical signal when subjected to a shear force applied by the mass. Increased sensitivity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a piezoelectric acceleration sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the bracket structure shown in FIG. 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the mass shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the piezoelectric block shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the wedge block shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the fastener shown in Figure 2.
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • Connected, or integrally connected can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a specific embodiment of a piezoelectric acceleration sensor, including a housing 1 having a mounting cavity formed therein, and a cable on one side of the housing 1 a connector 2, a charge output structure for sensing vibration and outputting an electrical signal is mounted in the mounting cavity, the charge output structure is electrically connected to the cable connector 2, and the housing 1 is provided with two a mounting hole 4 through which the bolt 3 passes, a threaded hole is formed in the object to be tested, and an axis of the bolt 3 is disposed in parallel with an axial direction of the charge output structure, and the housing 1 is Rotating around the bolt 3, after adjusting the position on the object to be tested, the position of the casing 1 is locked by the bolt 3 engaging with the threaded hole, the first mounting hole 4, the bolt 3 Forming an adjustment structure for adjustably connecting the housing 1 to the object to be tested to adjust a relative position between the object to be tested and the cable connector 2.
  • the charge output structure includes a bracket structure 5, a piezoelectric element 6, a mass 8, a pretensioning member 7, and a fastener 9, and the bracket structure 5 includes a support. And a columnar connecting portion formed on the supporting portion and having a diameter gradually decreasing from bottom to top, wherein the columnar connecting portion is provided with a second mounting hole 10 extending along an axial direction of the connecting portion, and the A mounting plane of the support portion in the mounting cavity is perpendicular to a plane in which the cable connector 2 is located, and the piezoelectric element 6 includes two piezoelectric blocks 61 that are semi-annular, and the two piezoelectric blocks 61 Docking the annular piezoelectric element 6, forming an annular gap between the piezoelectric element 6 and the connecting portion, and the pretensioning member 7 is connected in the annular gap.
  • the pretensioning member 7 includes two wedge-shaped blocks 71 that abut each other to form an annular wedge-shaped structure, and the mass block 8 is sleeved outside the piezoelectric element 6 And being suspended above the support portion, the rod portion of the fastener 9 is matched with the second mounting hole 10 Fixing the bracket structure 5, the piezoelectric element 6, the mass 8, the head of the fastener 9 abuts against the pretensioning member 7 to provide the pretensioning member 7 with a radial preloading fastening a support structure 5, a piezoelectric element 6, and a mass 8 for applying a shear force to the piezoelectric element 6 by the mass 8 and causing the piezoelectric element 6 to be subjected to the shear applied by the mass 8.
  • the mass 8 is an annular structure including an inner annular surface and an outer annular surface, and the inner annular surface includes a first inner annular surface and a second inner annular surface, an inner diameter of the second inner annular surface is larger than an inner diameter of the first inner annular surface, and a joint surface is formed at a joint between the first inner annular surface and the second inner annular surface.
  • the mass 8 is hung on the outside of the piezoelectric element 6 through the stepped surface, and the piezoelectric element 6 is suspended above the support portion.
  • the fastener 9 is installed into the second mounting hole 10
  • the rod portion of the fastener 9 cooperates to lock the bracket structure 5, the piezoelectric element 6, and the mass 8 during the engagement with the second mounting hole 10, and the head of the fastener 9 abuts Sustaining the upper end of the pretensioning member 7 to move the pretensioning member 7 from top to bottom, laterally pressing the piezoelectric element 6, and the mass 8 is sleeved on the outer side of the piezoelectric element 6 to block
  • the piezoelectric element 6 is expanded, so that the charge output structure is pressed against each other during the mounting process of the fastener 9, and the other components are closely matched, thereby improving the contact rigidity of the overall structure, eliminating the need for gluing and effectively shortening the electric charge.
  • the installation period of the output component When the piezoelectric acceleration sensor is connected to the object to be tested, the housing 1 is rotated about the axial direction of the bolt 3, so that the position of the cable connector 2 can be adjusted, and the obstacle can be easily avoided, and the position is adjusted.
  • the bolt 3 is engaged with a threaded hole on the object to be tested to lock the position of the casing 1.
  • the piezoelectric element 6 comprises more than two piezoelectric blocks 61 comprising more than two wedge blocks 71.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

一种压电加速度传感器，包括：壳体（1），所述壳体（1）内成型有安装腔，所述壳体（1）的一个侧面上设有电缆连接器（2）；调节结构，用于将所述壳体（1）位置可调地连接到待测物上，以调节所述待测物与所述电缆连接器（2）之间的相对位置；电荷输出结构，安装在所述安装腔内，用于感应振动并输出电信号，所述电荷输出结构与所述电缆连接器（2）电连接。通过调节结构可以将壳体（1）位置可调地连接到待测物上，从而可以使电缆连接器（2）避开障碍物的位置，电缆连接器（2）的位置可灵活调整，方便安装。

Description

一种压电加速度传感器 技术领域
本发明涉及传感器技术领域，具体涉及一种压电加速度传感器。
背景技术
压电传感器由不同材料的多种结构装配而成，其输出信号与系统所受振动加速度成正比，因此不同材料多种结构的装配令系统整体接触刚度不足，以致压电传感器的频率响应特性和谐振偏低，影响其输出信号的可靠性。
为了实现环形剪切压电加速度传感器中压电陶瓷、基座和质量块之间的安装，目前一般是使用环氧胶粘结合的方式，该方式虽然解决了压电陶瓷和基座之间的结合问题，但对连接层之间的环氧胶品质及操作要求很高，如环氧胶含杂质或操作产生气泡，则导致产品整体刚度不足，从而使传感器整体刚度降低，影响频响特性，另外胶粘工艺需长时间的烘烤时间，使得安装周期很长。
中国专利文献CN107688102A公开了一种电荷输出元件及环形剪切式压电加速度传感器，其中电荷输出元件包括：底座，包括支撑部及位于所述支撑部上的柱状连接部，所述连接部上设置有沿所述连接部轴向延伸形成的安装孔；压电元件，套设在所述连接部外，所述压电元件与所述连接部之间形成环形间隙；质量块，套接在所述压电元件外部且在所述支撑部上 方悬空设置；预紧件，插设于所述环形间隙，所述预紧件于所述环形间隙内呈环形分布，所述预紧件包括相对的第一端和第二端，所述第二端靠近所述支撑部，且所述第一端的厚度大于所述第二端的厚度；紧固件，包括相互连接的柱状部和止挡部，所述柱状部与所述安装孔配合锁固上述各个元件，所述止挡部抵押所述第一端，以使所述预紧件提供径向的预紧力紧固所述压电元件、质量块和所述底座。该现有技术的传感器安装时为沿竖直方向的安装，出线端在传感器的最上方，出线位置不能调整，在遇到障碍物时影响正常使用。
发明内容
因此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的压电加速度传感器出线位置不能调整的缺陷，从而提供一种可调整出线位置的压电加速度传感器。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的一种压电加速度传感器，包括：
壳体，所述壳体内成型有安装腔，所述壳体的一个侧面上设有电缆连接器；
调节结构，用于将所述壳体位置可调地连接到待测物上，以调节所述待测物与所述电缆连接器之间的相对位置；
电荷输出结构，安装在所述安装腔内，用于感应振动并输出电信号，所述电荷输出结构与所述电缆连接器电连接。
所述调节结构用于在所述壳体相对所述待测物旋转到目标位置后，将所述壳体与所述待测物锁定。
所述电荷输出结构的轴线方向与所述壳体旋转的轴线方向平行设置。
所述待测物上设有螺纹孔；
所述调节结构包括
第一安装孔，设置在所述壳体上的螺栓，所述螺栓适合穿过所述第一安装孔，与所述螺纹孔配合连接，所述壳体绕所述螺栓转动，在所述待测物上调整好位置后，通过所述螺栓与所述螺纹孔配合将所述壳体的位置锁定。
所述电荷输出结构包括
支架结构，包括支撑部及成型于所述支撑部上的柱状连接部，所述连接部上设置有沿所述连接部的轴向延伸的第二安装孔，且所述支撑部在所述安装腔内的安装平面与所述电缆连接器所在的平面垂直；
压电元件，套设在所述连接部外，所述压电元件与所述连接部之间形成间隙；
质量块，套接在所述压电元件外部且在所述支撑部上方悬空设置；
预紧件，连接在所述间隙内；
紧固件，所述紧固件的杆部与所述第二安装孔配合锁固所述支架结构、压电元件、质量块，所述紧固件的头部抵住所述预紧件以使所述预紧件提供径向的预紧力紧固所述支架结构、压电元件、质量块。
所述连接部的直径自下而上逐渐减小，对应的，所述预紧件为环状的楔形结构。
所述预紧件包括至少两个楔形块，所述楔形块相互对接形成环状的所述楔形结构。
所述压电元件包括至少两个压电块，所述压电块相互对接形成环状的所述压电元件。
所述质量块为环形结构体，包括内环面和外环面，所述内环面包括第一内环面和第二内环面，所述第二内环面的内径大于所述第一内环面的内径，且所述第一内环面与所述第二内环面的连接处形成台阶面，所述质量块通过所述台阶面挂设在所述压电元件外侧。
所述压电元件在所述支撑部上方悬空设置。
本发明技术方案，具有如下优点：
1.本发明提供的一种压电加速度传感器，通过调节结构可以将壳体位置可调地连接到待测物上，从而可以使电缆连接器避开障碍物的位置，电缆连接器的位置可灵活调整，方便安装。
2.本发明提供的一种压电加速度传感器，所述调节结构用于在所述壳体相对所述待测物旋转到目标位置后，将所述壳体与所述待测物锁定，通过一个结构既可以调整所述壳体相对所述待测物的位置，又可以将所述壳体与所述待测物锁定，结构简单紧凑。
3.本发明提供的一种压电加速度传感器，所述待测物上设有螺纹孔；所述调节结构包括第一安装孔，设置在所述壳体上的螺栓，所述适合穿过所述第一安装孔，与所述螺纹孔配合连接，所述壳体绕所述螺栓转动，在所述待测物上调整好位置后，通过所述螺栓与所述螺纹孔配合将所述壳体的位置锁定，结构简单紧凑，方便加工。
4.本发明提供的一种压电加速度传感器，所述电荷输出结构包括支架结构，包括支撑部及成型于所述支撑部上的柱状连接部，所述连接部上设置有沿所述连接部的轴向延伸的第二安装孔，且所述支撑部在所述安装腔内的安装平面与所述电缆连接器所在的平面垂直；压电元件，套设在所述连接部外，所述压电元件与所述连接部之间形成间隙；质量块，套接在所述压电元件外部且在所述支撑部上方悬空设置；预紧件，连接在所述间隙内；紧固件，所述紧固件的杆部与所述第二安装孔配合锁固所述支架结构、压电元件、质量块，所述紧固件的头部抵住所述预紧件以使所述预紧件提供径向的预紧力紧固所述支架结构、压电元件、质量块，所述预紧件在受到所述紧固件的挤压时会向外扩张，挤压所述压电元件，而所述质量块套 设在所述压电元件外侧阻止所述压电元件扩张，从而使该电荷输出结构在紧固件的安装过程中相互挤压，另各部件之间紧密配合，提高了整体结构的接触刚度，提升了整体结构的频率响应特性和谐振，无需胶粘，有效缩短了电荷输出元件的安装周期。
5.本发明提供的一种压电加速度传感器，所述连接部的直径自下而上逐渐减小，对应的，所述预紧件为环状的楔形结构，所述预紧件在螺栓的安装过程中会自上而下运动，横向挤压所述压电元件，从而达到紧配合的目的。
6.本发明提供的一种压电加速度传感器，所述预紧件包括至少两个楔形块，所述楔形块相互对接形成环状的所述楔形结构，方便预紧件的安装。
7.本发明提供的一种压电加速度传感器，所述压电元件包括至少两个压电块，所述压电块相互对接形成环状的所述压电元件，方便压电元件的安装。
8.本发明提供的一种压电加速度传感器，所述质量块为环形结构体，包括内环面和外环面，所述内环面包括第一内环面和第二内环面，所述第二内环面的内径大于所述第一内环面的内径，且所述第一内环面与所述第二内环面的连接处形成台阶面，所述质量块通过所述台阶面挂设在所述压电元件外侧，方便所述质量块对所述压电元件施加剪力。
9.本发明提供的一种压电加速度传感器，所述压电元件在所述支撑部上方悬空设置，使所述压电元件在受到所述质量块施加的剪力时能快速产生电信号，提高了灵敏度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的第一种实施方式中提供的一种压电加速度传感器的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示的一种压电加速度传感器的剖视图；
图3为图2所示的支架结构的结构示意图；
图4为图2所示的质量块的结构示意图；
图5为图2所示的压电块的结构示意图；
图6为图2所示的楔形块的结构示意图；
图7为图2所示的紧固件的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1-壳体；         2-电缆连接器；        3-螺栓；
4-第一安装孔；   5-支架结构；          6-压电元件；
7-预紧件；       8-质量块；            9-紧固件；
10-第二安装孔；  61-压电块；           71-楔形块。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
实施例1
如图1和图2所示为一种压电加速度传感器的一种具体实施方式，包括壳体1，所述壳体1内成型有安装腔，所述壳体1的一个侧面上设有电缆连接器2，用于感应振动并输出电信号的电荷输出结构安装在所述安装腔内，所述电荷输出结构与所述电缆连接器2电连接，所述壳体1上设有两个第一安装孔4，螺栓3穿过所述第一安装孔4，待测物上设有螺纹孔，所述螺栓3所在的轴线与所述电荷输出结构的轴线方向平行设置，所述壳体1可绕所述螺栓3转动，在所述待测物上调整好位置后，通过所述螺栓3与 所述螺纹孔配合将所述壳体1的位置锁定，所述第一安装孔4、螺栓3形成用于将所述壳体1位置可调地连接到待测物上以调节所述待测物与所述电缆连接器2之间的相对位置的调节结构。在本实施方式中，如图2-7所示，所述电荷输出结构包括支架结构5、压电元件6、质量块8、预紧件7、紧固件9，所述支架结构5包括支撑部及成型于所述支撑部上的直径自下而上逐渐减小的柱状连接部，所述柱状连接部上设置有沿所述连接部的轴向延伸的第二安装孔10，且所述支撑部在所述安装腔内的安装平面与所述电缆连接器2所在的平面垂直，所述压电元件6包括两个呈半环状的压电块61，两个所述压电块61对接形成环状的所述压电元件6，所述压电元件6与所述连接部之间形成上大下小的环形间隙，所述预紧件7连接在所述环形间隙内，在本实施方式中，为便于安装，所述预紧件7包括两个楔形块71，所述楔形块71相互对接形成环状的楔形结构，所述质量块8套接在所述压电元件6外部且在所述支撑部上方悬空设置，所述紧固件9的杆部与所述第二安装孔10配合锁固所述支架结构5、压电元件6、质量块8，所述紧固件9的头部抵住所述预紧件7以使所述预紧件7提供径向的预紧力紧固所述支架结构5、压电元件6、质量块8，为方便所述质量块8对所述压电元件6施加剪力以及使所述压电元件6在受到所述质量块8施加的剪力时能快速产生电信号，在本实施方式中，如图4所示，所述质量块8为环形结构体，包括内环面和外环面，所述内环面包括第一内环面和第二内环面，所述第二内环面的内径大于所述第一内环面的内径，且所述第一内环面与所述第二内环面的连接处形成台阶面，所述质量块8通过所述台阶面挂设在所述压电元件6外侧，所述压电元件6在所述支撑部上方悬空设置。
具体在安装使用时，将所述预紧件7、压电元件6、质量块8安装到所述支架结构5上后，将所述紧固件9安装到所述第二安装孔10中，所述紧固件9的杆部在与所述第二安装孔10配合的过程中配合锁固所述支架结构5、压电元件6、质量块8，所述紧固件9的头部抵住所述预紧件7的上端，使所述预紧件7自上而下运动，横向挤压所述压电元件6，而所述质量块8套设在所述压电元件6外侧阻止所述压电元件6扩张，从而使该电荷输出结构在紧固件9的安装过程中相互挤压，另各部件之间紧密配合，提高了整体结构的接触刚度，无需胶粘，有效缩短了电荷输出元件的安装周期。将该压电加速度传感器连接到待测物时，使所述壳体1绕所述螺栓3的轴向转动，从而可调节电缆连接器2的位置，可轻松避开障碍物，位置调整好后，将所述螺栓3与待测物上的螺纹孔配合将所述壳体1的位置锁定。
在可替换的实施方式中，所述压电元件6包括两个以上的压电块61，所述预紧件7包括两个以上的楔形块71。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种压电加速度传感器，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体内成型有安装腔，所述壳体的一个侧面上设有电缆连接器；
    调节结构，用于将所述壳体位置可调地连接到待测物上，以调节所述待测物与所述电缆连接器之间的相对位置；
    电荷输出结构，安装在所述安装腔内，用于感应振动并输出电信号，所述电荷输出结构与所述电缆连接器电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种压电加速度传感器，其特征在于，所述调节结构用于在所述壳体相对所述待测物旋转到目标位置后，将所述壳体与所述待测物锁定。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种压电加速度传感器，其特征在于，所述电荷输出结构的轴线方向与所述壳体旋转的轴线方向平行设置。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种压电加速度传感器，其特征在于，
    所述待测物上设有螺纹孔；
    所述调节结构包括
    第一安装孔，设置在所述壳体上的螺栓，所述螺栓适合穿过所述第一安装孔，与所述螺纹孔配合连接，所述壳体绕所述螺栓转动，在所述待测物上调整好位置后，通过所述螺栓与所述螺纹孔配合将所述壳体的位置锁定。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的一种压电加速度传感器，其特征在于，所述电荷输出结构包括
    支架结构，包括支撑部及成型于所述支撑部上的柱状连接部，所述连接部上设置有沿所述连接部的轴向延伸的第二安装孔，且所述支撑部在所述安装腔内的安装平面与所述电缆连接器所在的平面垂直；
    压电元件，套设在所述连接部外，所述压电元件与所述连接部之间形成间隙；
    质量块，套接在所述压电元件外部且在所述支撑部上方悬空设置；
    预紧件，连接在所述间隙内；
    紧固件，所述紧固件的杆部与所述第二安装孔配合锁固所述支架结构、压电元件、质量块，所述紧固件的头部抵住所述预紧件以使所述预紧件提供径向的预紧力紧固所述支架结构、压电元件、质量块。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种压电加速度传感器，其特征在于，所述连接部的直径自下而上逐渐减小，对应的，所述预紧件为环状的楔形结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种压电加速度传感器，其特征在于，所述预紧件包括至少两个楔形块，所述楔形块相互对接形成环状的所述楔形结构。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的一种压电加速度传感器，其特征在于，所述压电元件包括至少两个压电块，所述压电块相互对接形成环状的所述压电元件。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种压电加速度传感器，其特征在于，所述质量块为环形结构体，包括内环面和外环面，所述内环面包括第一内环面和第二内环面，所述第二内环面的内径大于所述第一内环面的内径，且所述第一内环面与所述第二内环面的连接处形成台阶面，所述质量块通过所述台阶面挂设在所述压电元件外侧。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种压电加速度传感器，其特征在于，所述压电元件在所述支撑部上方悬空设置。
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