WO2019184544A1 - 一种齿嵌式电磁离合器 - Google Patents

一种齿嵌式电磁离合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019184544A1
WO2019184544A1 PCT/CN2019/070222 CN2019070222W WO2019184544A1 WO 2019184544 A1 WO2019184544 A1 WO 2019184544A1 CN 2019070222 W CN2019070222 W CN 2019070222W WO 2019184544 A1 WO2019184544 A1 WO 2019184544A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
movable
fixed
armature
toothed
toothed sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/070222
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
裴正强
余平
王学良
李建文
邱丑武
Original Assignee
精进电动科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 精进电动科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 精进电动科技股份有限公司
Priority to JP2020549691A priority Critical patent/JP7033213B2/ja
Priority to US15/733,640 priority patent/US11168748B2/en
Priority to EP19774919.5A priority patent/EP3748185B1/en
Publication of WO2019184544A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019184544A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
    • F16D27/118—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with interengaging jaws or gear teeth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/14—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D2027/007—Bias of an armature of an electromagnetic clutch by flexing of substantially flat springs, e.g. leaf springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/22—Vibration damping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/10—System to be controlled
    • F16D2500/102—Actuator
    • F16D2500/1021—Electrical type
    • F16D2500/1022—Electromagnet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of clutch technology, and in particular to a toothed electromagnetic clutch.
  • the conventional clutch includes many components, a large weight, a large number of failure points, and is inconvenient to maintain because it includes a pressure plate assembly, a driven plate, a diaphragm spring, a separation bearing, a rocker arm, and a resistance mechanism.
  • the existing electromagnetic clutch system applied to the new energy electric drive system is solidified by the movable tooth sleeve and the movable armature. After the electromagnetic coil is energized, the movable tooth sleeve meshes with the fixed tooth sleeve, and the two rotate synchronously and transmit torque. At this time, it is required that the fixed armature cannot be in contact with the movable armature, otherwise it will cause mutual friction and damage.
  • This kind of structure brings two hidden problems: First, the electromagnetic force must be borne by the bearing mounted on the shaft in the movable/fixed toothed sleeve to increase the load of the bearing; second, the clearance between the fixed armature and the movable armature Not easy to control.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a toothed electromagnetic clutch to solve the problem that when the movable toothed sleeve and the fixed toothed sleeve of the existing clutch are separated, the suction force is insufficient due to excessive clearance, or the movable toothed sleeve and the fixed toothed sleeve are fixed. After the toothed sleeve is sucked, the gap is too small, which causes the fixed armature to be separated from the movable armature and cannot be separated due to remanence and rubbing against each other to cause damage.
  • a toothed electromagnetic clutch includes a movable toothed sleeve and a fixed toothed sleeve that are meshed with each other, and the outer side of the fixed toothed sleeve is provided with a fixed armature, and a gap is formed between the fixed armature and the fixed toothed sleeve, and The position is fixed, the fixed armature is provided with an electromagnetic coil, and the outer side of the movable toothed sleeve is rotatably provided with a movable armature, and the movable armature can move axially with the movable toothed sleeve, and the electromagnetic coil is energized And sucking the movable armature onto the fixed armature to engage the movable tooth sleeve and the fixed tooth sleeve.
  • a bearing is sleeved on an outer circumference of the movable toothed sleeve, the bearing is embedded in the bearing seat, the movable armature is connected with the bearing seat, and the rear end of the bearing seat or the movable armature With positioning surface.
  • the movable tooth sleeve and the fixed tooth sleeve are respectively fitted on the first shaft and the second shaft by splines, and the movable tooth sleeve is movable along an axial direction of the first shaft, the first A first end cover and a second end cover are respectively disposed on an outer side of the shaft and the second shaft, and a positioning surface of the bearing seat is positioned and engaged with the first end cover.
  • the front end of the first end cap is a vertical plane that cooperates with the bearing seat or the positioning surface of the movable armature.
  • a front end of the first shaft is provided with a shaft pressing plate, and the shaft pressing plate is connected to the movable tooth sleeve by a spring; when the electromagnetic coil is deenergized, a spring force of the spring causes the movable tooth cover Separate from the fixed toothed sleeve.
  • the height of the positioning surface at the rear end of the bearing seat satisfies the gap between the movable armature and the fixed armature in a range of 2-8 mm.
  • the end face or the outer circumference of the fixed armature is provided with a buffer for buffering with the movable armature and a gap between the fixed armature (10) and the movable armature (8). component.
  • the cushioning member is a cushioning pad disposed on the end face or the outer circumference of the fixed armature; or a plurality of buffer blocks disposed circumferentially on the end face or the outer circumference of the fixed armature.
  • the height of the cushioning member satisfies a gap between the movable armature and the fixed armature in a range of 0.1-1.5 mm.
  • the movable tooth sleeve and the fixed tooth sleeve are respectively provided with end face teeth, and when the movable tooth cover and the fixed tooth sleeve are engaged, between the tooth top and the root of the two end face teeth There is a gap, and torque transmission is achieved by the flank contact.
  • the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that the invention is applied to an electric drive system for a new energy vehicle, and the invention provides an electromagnetic clutch system with compact structure, no auxiliary execution structure and convenient operation, and the system controls the dynamic torque. Pass and disconnect.
  • the invention accurately positions the movable armature and the end cover, so that the gap between the two armatures after the clutch is separated is within a preset range, and the clutch has sufficient suction force when the clutch is engaged, so as to achieve quick suction.
  • the invention is provided with a cushioning pad on the end surface of the fixed armature. After the electromagnetic force is sucked, the buffer pad is first compressed to play a buffering role, which significantly reduces the noise of the structure; and the cushioning pad is engaged with the movable toothed sleeve when the fixed toothed sleeve is engaged with the movable toothed sleeve. Ensure that there is a certain gap between the fixed armature and the movable armature, so as to prevent the fixed armature from being attached to the movable armature and unable to separate due to residual magnetism.
  • the fixed tooth sleeve and the movable tooth sleeve are meshed, synchronously rotated, and the torque is transmitted.
  • the fixed tooth sleeve is in contact with the tooth side surface of the movable toothed sleeve end tooth, and the tooth root and the tooth top are not in contact with each other. This avoids the additional axial load caused by the electromagnetic force acting on the first shaft and the second shaft, reducing the load on the bearings on the two shafts.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fixed tooth cover in the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a movable tooth cover according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the movable tooth cover and the movable armature in the present invention.
  • 1 is the bearing
  • 2 is the spring
  • 3 is the shaft pressure plate
  • 4 is the first shaft
  • 5 is the movable tooth sleeve
  • 501 is the movable toothed sleeve end face
  • 6 is the first end cover
  • 7 is the bearing seat
  • 8 is The movable armature
  • 9 is a buffer gasket
  • 10 is a fixed armature
  • 11 is an electromagnetic coil
  • 12 is a fixed tooth sleeve
  • 121 is a fixed toothed face tooth
  • 13 is a second end cover.
  • the conventional clutch includes many components, a large weight, a large number of failure points, and is inconvenient to maintain because it includes a pressure plate assembly, a driven plate, a diaphragm spring, a separation bearing, a rocker arm, and a resistance mechanism.
  • the invention accurately positions the movable armature and the end cover, so that the gap between the two armatures after the clutch is separated is within a preset range. Ensure that the clutch has sufficient suction force when it is engaged to achieve quick suction.
  • the present invention provides a toothed electromagnetic clutch including a movable toothed sleeve 5 and a fixed toothed sleeve 12 that are meshed with each other.
  • the outer side of the fixed toothed sleeve 12 is provided with a fixed armature 10, and the fixed armature 10 and the fixed armature 10 are fixed. There is a gap between the toothed sleeves 12 and a fixed position.
  • the fixed armature 10 is provided with an electromagnetic coil 11 .
  • the outer side of the movable toothed sleeve 5 is rotatably provided with a movable armature 8 , and the movable armature 8 can be axially movable with the movable toothed sleeve 5 .
  • the movable armature 8 is sucked onto the fixed armature 10 to engage the movable toothed sleeve 5 and the fixed toothed sleeve 12.
  • the movable toothed sleeve 5 is sleeved on the first shaft 4 by a spline, the movable toothed sleeve 5 is movable along the axial direction of the first shaft 4, and the movable toothed sleeve 5 is fixed circumferentially with the first shaft 4, that is, the movable toothed sleeve 5 and the One shaft 4 is connected, and there is relative sliding between the two without relative rotation; the first end of the first shaft 4 is provided with a first end cover 6.
  • the fixed toothed sleeve 12 is sleeved on the second shaft 14 by a spline, and is fixedly connected by the end panel.
  • the fixed toothed sleeve 12 and the second shaft 14 are relatively fixed in the axial direction or the circumferential direction, that is, the two have no relative sliding and relative rotation;
  • the outer side of the two shafts 14 is provided with a second end cover 13, and the fixed armature 10 is fixed on the second end cover 13.
  • the front end of the first shaft 4 is provided with a shaft pressing plate 3, and the shaft pressing plate 3 is connected to the movable toothed sleeve 5 through the spring 2.
  • the elastic force of the spring 2 is used to realize the movement between the movable toothed sleeve 5 and the fixed toothed sleeve 12. Separation.
  • the function of the shaft pressing plate 3 is to keep the spring 2 in a compressed state. As the clutch is separated and combined, the compression amount of the spring force of the spring 2 changes, and the elastic force value also changes.
  • the electromagnetic armature 11 is wound around the fixed armature 10, and the electromagnetic coil 11 is energized to generate an electromagnetic force.
  • the electromagnetic force cooperates with the spring 2 to control the engagement and separation of the fixed toothed sleeve 12 and the movable toothed sleeve 5.
  • the outer circumference of the movable sleeve 5 is sleeved with a bearing 10, the bearing 10 is embedded in the bearing housing 7, the movable armature 8 is connected to the front end of the bearing housing 7, and the rear end of the bearing housing 7 or the movable armature 8 is provided with a positioning surface.
  • the positioning surface of the bearing block 7 or the movable armature 8 is positioned and engaged with the first end cover 6, and the front end of the first end cover 6 is a vertical plane that cooperates with the positioning surface of the bearing housing 7 or the movable armature 8.
  • the rear end of the bearing housing 7 is provided with a positioning surface.
  • a bearing 10 is disposed between the movable toothed sleeve 5 and the movable armature 8, and the movable toothed sleeve 5 and the movable armature 8 are rotatable relative to each other.
  • the bearing outer ring of the bearing 10 is mounted on the bearing housing 7, and the bearing inner ring is mounted on the movable toothed sleeve 5, and the bearing housing 7 and the movable armature 8 are fastened by screws, as shown in FIG.
  • the bearing housing 7 and the movable armature 8 are fastened by rivets to improve the anti-loosening performance and increase the reliability of the entire clutch system.
  • the height of the positioning surface at the rear end of the bearing housing 7 satisfies the gap between the movable armature 8 and the fixed armature 10 in the range of 2-8 mm.
  • the end face or the outer circumference of the fixed armature 10 is provided with a cushioning member.
  • the cushioning member acts as a buffer and a gap is left between the fixed armature 10 and the movable armature 8.
  • the cushioning member is a cushioning pad 9 provided on the end face or the outer circumference of the fixed armature 10; or a plurality of buffer blocks disposed circumferentially on the end face or the outer circumference of the fixed armature 10.
  • a cushioning pad 9 is provided on the end face of the fixed armature 10 which is engaged with the movable armature 8.
  • the cushioning pad 9 has an annular structure and is embedded in an annular groove provided on the end surface of the fixed armature 10.
  • the cushioning pad 9 is fixed in the annular groove of the fixed armature 10 by screws.
  • the buffer pad 9 can be fixed in the annular groove of the fixed armature 10 by injection molding, thereby improving the production efficiency, increasing the contact area of the buffer pad 9 and the fixed armature 10, and improving the cushioning performance of the cushion pad 9. .
  • the height of the cushioning member satisfies the gap between the movable armature 8 and the fixed armature 10 in the range of 0.1-1.5 mm.
  • the buffer pad 9 mounted on the fixed armature 10 prevents the direct impact of the fixed armature 10 and the movable armature 8 on the one hand; on the other hand, the fixed armature 10 and the movable armature 8 are ensured when the fixed toothed sleeve 12 is engaged with the movable toothed sleeve 5 There is a certain gap between them to prevent the fixed armature 10 from being separated from the movable armature 8 due to remanence.
  • the movable toothed sleeve 5 and the fixed toothed sleeve 12 are provided with end face teeth, that is, the end surface of the movable toothed sleeve 5 is provided with a movable toothed sleeve end face tooth 501, and the end surface of the fixed toothed sleeve 12 is provided with fixed teeth.
  • the between the movable toothed sleeve end face tooth 501 and the fixed toothed sleeve end face tooth 121 has a tooth top and a root.
  • the gap, the movable sleeve end face tooth 501 and the fixed toothed sleeve end face tooth 121 are in contact with each other, and a torque can be transmitted at this time; when the movable toothed sleeve 5 and the fixed toothed sleeve 12 are separated, the fixed toothed sleeve end face 121 of the fixed toothed sleeve 12 is fixed. There is no contact with the movable sleeve face tooth 501 of the movable tooth sleeve 5.
  • the axial positions of the fixed armature 10 and the cushion 9 are fixed; the axial positions of the movable armature 8 and the movable sleeve 5 are axially displaced as the electromagnetic coil 11 is energized or not.
  • the spring 2 is in a pre-compressed state, and when the electromagnetic coil 11 is energized, the electromagnetic force between the fixed armature 10 and the movable armature 8 is greater than the elastic force of the spring 2 and the friction between the movable sleeve 5 and the first shaft 4, so that The movable toothed sleeve 5 moves toward the fixed toothed sleeve 12, so that the movable toothed sleeve 5 and the fixed toothed sleeve 12 are engaged; when the electromagnetic coil 11 is de-energized, the electromagnetic force between the fixed armature 10 and the movable armature 8 disappears, at this time in the spring 2 The movable toothed sleeve 5 is separated from the fixed toothed
  • the positioning surface of the bearing housing 7 is engaged with the first end cover 6, thereby determining the position of the movable armature 8 in the separated state, so that the movable armature 8 is separated from the fixed armature 10.
  • the rear gap is in the range of 3.6-4 mm, which ensures that the electromagnetic coil 11 is energized to provide sufficient clamping force for the fixed armature 10 to quickly absorb the movable armature 8.
  • the clutch is changed from the separated state to the coupled state; when the combined state is maintained, the electromagnetic coil 11 is required to be energized and generated.
  • the electromagnetic force is greater than the spring force at this time; when in the combined state, the cushioning pad 9 is attached to the movable armature 8 to ensure that the gap between the movable armature 8 and the fixed armature 10 is in the range of 0.3-0.5 mm.
  • the invention accurately positions the movable armature and the end cover, so that the gap between the two armatures after the clutch is separated is within a preset range, and the clutch has sufficient suction force when the clutch is engaged, so as to achieve quick suction.
  • the buffer gasket on the fixed armature is tightly engaged with the movable armature, and the movable armature and the fixed armature are not rotated relative to each other to avoid mutual friction; at the same time, the fixed tooth sleeve and the movable tooth sleeve are engaged, and the synchronization is performed. Rotate and transmit torque. At this time, only the fixed tooth sleeve is in contact with the tooth flanks of the movable toothed end face tooth, and the tooth root and the tooth top are not in contact, so that the additional axial load caused by the electromagnetic force can be avoided to the first axis and the first On the two axes, the load on the bearings on the two shafts is reduced.
  • the invention is applied to an electromagnetic clutch system of a new energy vehicle electric drive system, which has a compact structure, no auxiliary execution structure and convenient operation, and the system controls the transmission and disconnection of the power torque.
  • the structural invention has a simple structure and good assembly manufacturability.

Abstract

一种齿嵌式电磁离合器，包括相互啮合传动的活动齿套（5）和固定齿套（12），固定齿套（12）的外侧套装有固定衔铁（10），固定衔铁（10）与固定齿套（12）之间设有间隙、且位置固定，固定衔铁（10）内设有电磁线圈（11），活动齿套（5）的外侧可转动地套装有活动衔铁（8），活动衔铁（8）可随活动齿套（5）沿轴向移动，电磁线圈（11）通电后，将活动衔铁（8）吸至固定衔铁（10）上，使活动齿套（5）和固定齿套（12）相啮合。采用上述结构的电磁离合系统结构紧凑、无辅助执行结构、且操作方便，其应用于新能源车用电驱动系统上，控制动力扭矩的传递和断开。

Description

一种齿嵌式电磁离合器 技术领域
本发明涉及离合器技术领域，特别涉及一种齿嵌式电磁离合器。
发明背景
新能源汽车的电驱动系统，为了实现不同工作模式间的切换，必然要用到动力通断机构。传统离合器由于包括压盘总成、从动盘、膜片弹簧、分离轴承和摇臂及阻力机构等，涉及的零部件多，重量大，失效点多，不便维护。
应用于新能源电驱动系统的现有的电磁离合器系统，因其活动齿套与活动衔铁固化为一体，在电磁线圈通电后，活动齿套与固定齿套相啮合，两者同步旋转并传递扭矩，此时要求固定衔铁与活动衔铁不能接触，否则会产生相互摩擦导致损坏。该种结构带来了两个隐性问题：一是电磁力必须要由装在活动/固定齿套内的轴上的轴承来承担，增大轴承的载荷；二是固定衔铁与活动衔铁的间隙不易控制。
当分离状态时活动衔铁和固定衔铁之间的间距如果过大，则电磁吸合力不足；反之如果分离状态时活动衔铁和固定衔铁之间的间距过小，则吸合后，活动衔铁与固定衔铁易接触，从而导致摩擦损坏，同时固定衔铁与活动衔铁贴合后会因剩磁而无法分开，影响了系统的效率和可靠性。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种齿嵌式电磁离合器，以解决现有离合器的活动齿套和固定齿套在分离时，因间隙过大导致吸合力不够，或活动齿套和固定齿套吸合后，间隙过小造成固定衔铁与活动衔铁贴合后因剩磁而无法分开以及相互摩擦导致损坏的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种齿嵌式电磁离合器，包括相互啮合传动的活动齿套和固定齿套，所述固定齿套的外侧套装有固定衔铁，所述固定衔铁与所述固定齿套之间设有间隙、且位置固定，所述固定衔铁内设有电磁线圈，所述活动齿套的外侧可转动地套装有活动衔铁，所述活动衔铁可随所述活动齿套沿轴向移动，所述电磁线圈通电后，将所述活动衔铁吸至所述固定衔铁上，使所述活动齿套和所述固定齿套相啮合。
优选地，所述活动齿套的外圆周上套设有轴承，所述轴承嵌装在轴承座内，所述活动衔铁与所述轴承座连接，所述轴承座或所述活动衔铁的后端设有定位面。
优选地，所述活动齿套和所述固定齿套通过花键分别套装在第一轴和第二轴上，所述活动齿套可沿所述第一轴的轴线方向移动，所述第一轴和所述第二轴的外侧分别设有第一端盖和第二端盖，所述轴承座的定位面与所述第一端盖定位贴合。
优选地，所述第一端盖的前端为与所述轴承座或所述活动衔铁的定位面配合的竖直平面。
优选地，所述第一轴的前端设有轴压板，所述轴压板通过弹簧与所述活动齿套连接；当所述电磁线圈断电后，所述弹簧的弹簧力使所述活动齿套与所述固定齿套分开。
优选地，所述轴承座后端的定位面的高度满足所述活动衔铁与所述固定衔铁分离后的间隙在2-8mm范围内。
优选地，所述固定衔铁的端面或外圆周上设有用于与所述活动衔铁相吸合时起缓冲作用且使所述固定衔铁(10)和活动衔铁(8)之间留有间隙的缓冲部件。
优选地，所述缓冲部件为设置于所述固定衔铁端面或外圆周上的缓冲垫片；或沿周向设置于所述固定衔铁端面或外圆周上的多个缓冲块。
优选地，所述缓冲部件的高度满足所述活动衔铁与所述固定衔铁吸合后的间隙在0.1-1.5mm范围内。
优选地，所述活动齿套和所述固定齿套上均设有端面齿，当所述活动齿套和所述固定齿套啮合时，两个所述端面齿的齿顶和齿根之间留有间隙，通过齿侧面接触实现力矩传递。
本发明的优点及有益效果是：本发明应用于新能源车用电驱动系统上，本发明提供了一种结构紧凑、无辅助执行结构、且操作方便的电磁离合系统，该系统控制着动力扭矩的传递和断开。
本发明通过活动衔铁与端盖的准确定位，使离合器分离后两个衔铁之间的间隙处于预设范围内，保证离合器吸合时具有足够的吸合力，实现快速吸合。
本发明在固定衔铁的端面设置缓冲垫片，电磁力吸合后，先压缩缓冲垫片，起到缓冲的作用，显著降低结构的噪音；同时缓冲垫片在固定齿套与活动齿套啮合时保证固定衔铁与活动衔铁之间有一定的间隙，避免固定衔铁与活动衔铁贴合后因剩磁而无法分开。
本发明在离合器吸合时，固定衔铁上的缓冲垫片与活动衔铁紧紧贴合，活动衔铁与固定衔铁没有相对转动，避免相互摩擦的问题；
本发明在离合器吸合时，固定齿套与活动齿套相啮合，同步旋转，并传递扭矩，此时只有固定齿套与活动齿套端面齿的齿侧面接触，齿根与齿顶没有接触，这样可以避免了电磁力引起的额外轴向载荷作用到第一轴和第二轴上，减轻这两根轴上轴承的负载情况。
附图简要说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明中固定齿套的结构示意图；
图3为本发明中活动齿套的结构示意图；
图4为本发明中活动齿套与活动衔铁的装配示意图。
图中：1为轴承，2为弹簧，3为轴压板，4为第一轴，5为活动齿套，501为活动齿套端面齿，6为第一端盖，7为轴承座，8为活动衔铁，9为缓冲垫片，10为固定衔铁，11为电磁线圈，12为固定齿套，121为固定齿套端面齿，13为第二端盖。
实施本发明的方式
传统离合器由于包括压盘总成、从动盘、膜片弹簧、分离轴承和摇臂及阻力机构等，涉及的零部件多，重量大，失效点多，不便维护。
为了解决现有离合器吸合力不足或固定衔铁与活动衔铁相互摩擦的问题，本发明通过活动衔铁与端盖之间的准确定位，使离合器分离后两个衔铁之间的间隙处于预设范围内，保证离合器吸合时具有足够的吸合力，实现快速吸合。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
如图1所示，本发明提供的一种齿嵌式电磁离合器，包括相互啮合传动的活动齿套5和固定齿套12，固定齿套12的外侧套装有固定衔铁10，固定衔铁10与固定齿套12之间设有间隙、且位置固定，固定衔铁10内设有电磁线圈11，活动齿套5的外侧可转动地套装有活动衔铁8，活动衔铁8可随活动齿套5沿轴向移动，电磁线圈11通电后，将活动衔铁8吸至固定衔铁10上，使活动齿套5和固定齿套 12相啮合。
活动齿套5通过花键套装在第一轴4上，活动齿套5可沿第一轴4的轴线方向移动，活动齿套5与第一轴4周向固定，即活动齿套5与第一轴4连接，两者之间有相对滑动，无相对转动；第一轴4的外侧设有第一端盖6。固定齿套12通过花键套装在第二轴14上，且通过端面板固定连接，固定齿套12和第二轴14无论轴向还是周向均相对固定，即两者无相对滑动和相对转动；第二轴14的外侧设有第二端盖13，固定衔铁10固定在第二端盖13上。
第一轴4的前端设有轴压板3，轴压板3通过弹簧2与活动齿套5连接，电磁线圈11断电后，通过弹簧2的弹力实现活动齿套5与固定齿套12之间的分离。轴压板3的作用是使弹簧2一直处于压缩状态，随着离合器的分开与结合，弹簧2的弹力的压缩量会发生变化，弹力值也会变化。
固定衔铁10内绕有电磁线圈11，电磁线圈11通电可产生电磁力，该电磁力与弹簧2相互配合，控制固定齿套12与活动齿套5的啮合与分开。
活动齿套5的外圆周上套设有轴承10，轴承10嵌装在轴承座7内，活动衔铁8与轴承座7的前端连接，轴承座7或活动衔铁8的后端设有定位面。轴承座7或活动衔铁8的定位面与第一端盖6定位贴合，第一端盖6的前端为与轴承座7或活动衔铁8的定位面配合的竖直平面。本发明的一实施例中，轴承座7的后端设置定位面。
活动齿套5与活动衔铁8之间设有轴承10，活动齿套5与活动衔铁8之间可以相互转动。轴承10的轴承外圈安装在轴承座7上，轴承内圈安装在活动齿套5上，轴承座7与活动衔铁8之间通过螺钉紧固，如图4所示。
或者，轴承座7与活动衔铁8之间通过铆钉紧固，可以提高防松性能，增加整个离合系统的可靠性。
轴承座7后端的定位面的高度满足活动衔铁8与固定衔铁10分离后的间隙在2-8mm范围内。
固定衔铁10的端面或外圆周上设有缓冲部件，在固定衔铁10与活动衔铁8相吸合时，缓冲部件起缓冲作用，且使固定衔铁10和活动衔铁8之间留有间隙。
缓冲部件为设置于固定衔铁10端面或外圆周上的缓冲垫片9；或沿周向设置于所述固定衔铁10端面或外圆周上的多个缓冲块。
本发明的一实施例中，固定衔铁10与活动衔铁8相吸合的端面上设有缓冲垫 片9。缓冲垫片9为环形结构、且嵌设于固定衔铁10端面上设有的环形槽内，缓冲垫片9通过螺钉固定在固定衔铁10的环形槽内。
或者，通过注塑的方式将缓冲垫片9固定在固定衔铁10的环形槽内，可以提高生产效率，同时增加了缓冲垫片9与固定衔铁10的接触面积，提高了缓冲垫片9的缓冲性能。
缓冲部件的高度满足活动衔铁8与固定衔铁10吸合后的间隙在0.1-1.5mm范围内。
固定衔铁10上安装的缓冲垫片9，一方面避免固定衔铁10与活动衔铁8的直接撞击；另一方面，在固定齿套12与活动齿套5啮合时保证固定衔铁10与活动衔铁8之间有一定的间隙，避免固定衔铁10与活动衔铁8贴合后因剩磁而无法分开。
如图2-3所示，活动齿套5和固定齿套12上均设有端面齿，即活动齿套5的端面设有活动齿套端面齿501，固定齿套12的端面设有固定齿套端面齿121。当活动齿套5的活动齿套端面齿501和固定齿套12的固定齿套端面齿121啮合后，活动齿套端面齿501和固定齿套端面齿121的齿顶和齿根之间留有间隙，活动齿套端面齿501和固定齿套端面齿121的齿侧面接触，此时可以传递力矩；当活动齿套5和固定齿套12分开时，固定齿套12的固定齿套端面齿121和活动齿套5的活动齿套端面齿501没有接触。
固定衔铁10与缓冲垫9的轴向位置均固定不变；活动衔铁8和活动齿套5的轴向位置会随着电磁线圈11的通电与否而发生轴向位移。弹簧2处于预压缩状态，当电磁线圈11通电时，固定衔铁10与活动衔铁8之间的电磁力大于弹簧2的弹力和活动齿套5与第一轴4之间的摩擦力之和，使活动齿套5朝向固定齿套12移动，从而活动齿套5和固定齿套12啮合；当电磁线圈11断电时，固定衔铁10和活动衔铁8之间的电磁力消失，此时在弹簧2的弹力作用下，活动齿套5与固定齿套12分开。
离合器处于分离状态时，在弹簧2的预压力下，轴承座7的定位面与第一端盖6贴合，从而确定了分离状态时活动衔铁8的位置，使活动衔铁8与固定衔铁10分离后的间隙在3.6-4mm范围内，该间隙保证电磁线圈11通电后使固定衔铁10具有足够的吸合力，快速吸合活动衔铁8。电磁线圈11产生的电磁力大于弹簧2的弹力以及活动齿套5与第一轴4的摩擦力时，离合器由分离状态变更为结合状态；当保持结合状态时，需要电磁线圈11通电，且产生的电磁力大于此时的弹簧力； 处于结合状态时，缓冲垫片9与活动衔铁8贴合，保证活动衔铁8与固定衔铁10吸合后的间隙在0.3-0.5mm范围内。本发明通过活动衔铁与端盖之间的准确定位，使离合器分离后两个衔铁之间的间隙处于预设范围内，保证离合器吸合时具有足够的吸合力，实现快速吸合。
本发明在离合器吸合时，固定衔铁上的缓冲垫片与活动衔铁紧紧贴合，活动衔铁与固定衔铁没有相对转动，避免相互摩擦的问题；同时固定齿套与活动齿套相啮合，同步旋转，并传递扭矩，此时只有固定齿套与活动齿套端面齿的齿侧面接触，齿根与齿顶没有接触，这样可以避免了电磁力引起的额外轴向载荷作用到第一轴和第二轴上，减轻这两根轴上轴承的负载情况。
本发明应用于新能源车用电驱动系统上，结构紧凑、无辅助执行结构、且操作方便的电磁离合系统，该系统控制着动力扭矩的传递和断开。本结构发明结构简单，装配制造性良好。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施方式，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进、扩展等，均包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种齿嵌式电磁离合器，包括相互啮合传动的活动齿套(5)和固定齿套(12)，其特征在于，所述固定齿套(12)的外侧套装有固定衔铁(10)，所述固定衔铁(10)与所述固定齿套(12)之间设有间隙、且位置固定，所述固定衔铁(10)内设有电磁线圈(11)，所述活动齿套(5)的外侧可转动地套装有活动衔铁(8)，所述活动衔铁(8)可随所述活动齿套(5)沿轴向移动，所述电磁线圈(11)通电后，将所述活动衔铁(8)吸至所述固定衔铁(10)上，使所述活动齿套(5)和所述固定齿套(12)相啮合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的齿嵌式电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述活动齿套(5)的外圆周上套设有轴承(10)，所述轴承(10)嵌装在轴承座(7)内，所述活动衔铁(8)与所述轴承座(7)连接，所述轴承座(7)或所述活动衔铁(8)的后端设有定位面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的齿嵌式电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述活动齿套(5)和所述固定齿套(12)通过花键分别套装在第一轴(4)和第二轴(14)上，所述活动齿套(5)可沿所述第一轴(4)的轴线方向移动，所述第一轴(4)和所述第二轴(14)的外侧分别设有第一端盖(6)和第二端盖(13)，所述轴承座(7)或所述活动衔铁(8)的定位面与所述第一端盖(6)定位贴合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的齿嵌式电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述第一端盖(6)的前端为与所述轴承座(7)或所述活动衔铁(8)的定位面配合的竖直平面。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的齿嵌式电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述第一轴(4)的前端设有轴压板(3)，所述轴压板(3)通过弹簧(2)与所述活动齿套(5)连接；当所述电磁线圈(11)断电后，所述弹簧(2)的弹簧力使所述活动齿套(5)与所述固定齿套(12)分开。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的齿嵌式电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述活动衔铁(8)与所述固定衔铁(10)分离后的间隙在2-8mm范围内。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的齿嵌式电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述固定衔铁(10)的端面或外圆周上设有用于与所述活动衔铁(8)相吸合时起缓冲作用且使所述固定衔铁(10)和活动衔铁(8)之间留有间隙的缓冲部件。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的齿嵌式电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述缓冲部件为 设置于所述固定衔铁(10)端面或外圆周上的缓冲垫片(9)；或沿周向设置于所述固定衔铁(10)端面或外圆周上的多个缓冲块。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的齿嵌式电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述缓冲部件的高度满足所述活动衔铁(8)与所述固定衔铁(10)吸合后的间隙在0.1-1.5mm范围内。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的齿嵌式电磁离合器，其特征在于，所述活动齿套(5)和所述固定齿套(12)上均设有端面齿，当所述活动齿套(5)和所述固定齿套(12)啮合时，两个所述端面齿的齿顶和齿根之间留有间隙，通过齿侧面接触实现力矩传递。
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